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Sikes OJ, Reitano C, Barcelona D, Rice M. UNFPA's technical support services system. United Nations Population Fund. PROMOTION & EDUCATION 1999; 6:4-6. [PMID: 10576893 DOI: 10.1177/102538239900600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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77
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Humenik FJ, Szogi AA, Hunt PG, Broome S, Rice M. Wastewater Utilization: A Place for Managed Wetlands - Review -. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 1999. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1999.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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78
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Aguilar JS, Rice M, Wagner EK. The polysulfonated compound suramin blocks adsorption and lateral difusion of herpes simplex virus type-1 in vero cells. Virology 1999; 258:141-51. [PMID: 10329576 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.9723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several polysulfonate compounds have been shown to have the potential to inhibit the replication of herpesviruses by blocking binding and penetration of the host cell. We analyzed the actions of the polysulfonate compound suramin on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and compared them with the actions of heparin. We used the expression of a reporter gene (beta-galactosidase) recombined into the latency-associated transcript region of the 17syn+ strain of HSV-1 to quickly evaluate productive cycle activity and have shown that it can be directly correlated with virus replication under the conditions used. We find that suramin, like heparin, blocks the binding of HSV-1 to the cell membrane. Also, suramin efficiently blocks the cell-to-cell spread of the virus; this effect has not been previously reported. Our control experiments demonstrate that heparin also has some effect on intercellular spread of HSV-1 but to a significantly lesser degree than does suramin. We suggest that suramin and related polysulfonate compounds have potential for developing of antiherpes treatments.
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Rosenthal L, Nykamp K, Guido P, Syron ML, Day R, Rice M, Roth T. Daytime CPAP titration: a viable alternative for patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1998; 114:1056-60. [PMID: 9792577 DOI: 10.1378/chest.114.4.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for patients diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The implementation of CPAP therapy has traditionally been based on full-night titration studies or split-night protocols. This study compared a group of patients who received a regular nocturnal CPAP titration with patients who received a daytime CPAP titration. The objective of the study was to determine if daytime CPAP titration is a viable alternative for the implementation of CPAP treatment in patients with severe OSA. STUDY DESIGN Fourteen patients (13 men and one woman) received a daytime CPAP titration (day group). The day group was matched to 18 patients (17 men and one woman) who were titrated under a full-night regular nocturnal study (night group). Eligible patients were those with severe OSA (respiratory event index > 40). The groups were matched by age, sex, and body mass index. RESULTS Daytime and nocturnal CPAP titration studies yielded sufficient amounts of rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep to help determine CPAP settings. Importantly, the diurnal and nocturnal CPAP titrations resulted in comparable therapeutic pressures as well as comparable resolution of sleep-disordered breathing. After 1 week of treatment, the groups exhibited similar CPAP use and comparable improvements in subjective sleepiness as indicated by their increase in sleep/wake activity inventory scores. CONCLUSIONS Daytime CPAP titration studies may be a viable alternative for the efficient and expedient implementation of CPAP therapy among some patients with severe OSA.
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Bishop C, Rosenthal L, Folkerts M, Nykamp K, Helmus T, Guido P, Syron ML, Roehrs T, Rice M, Roth T. The perception of sleep as a function of the level of daytime sleepiness among patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Compr Psychiatry 1998; 39:312-7. [PMID: 9777285 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-440x(98)90041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective estimates of sleep onset among patients with a variety of sleep disorders have been shown to be inaccurate. This inability in perceiving sleep onset is potentially dangerous for this population, in particular, for individuals who are required to drive long distances or operate heavy machinery as part of their daily activities. This study evaluated the perception of sleep among 237 consecutive patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. Patients completed an overnight sleep-laboratory evaluation followed by an objective evaluation of sleep propensity. The latter was done using the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). Patients with an accurate perception of having slept on the MSLT were found to have shorter sleep latencies when compared with those with an inaccurate perception of their sleep. The results of this study suggest that the rapidity with which sleep is manifested is an important contributor to the accurate perception of sleep.
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81
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Wagner EK, Petroski MD, Pande NT, Lieu PT, Rice M. Analysis of factors influencing kinetics of herpes simplex virus transcription utilizing recombinant virus. Methods 1998; 16:105-16. [PMID: 9774520 DOI: 10.1006/meth.1998.0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) transcription program is a regulated cascade in which early and late phases of gene expression are separated by viral DNA replication. While promoters controlling expression of transcripts encoding immediate-early proteins contain virus-specific cis-acting elements, these are in the context of cellular promoter elements, and the promoters controlling expression of other viral transcripts contain only cellular cis-acting elements. We had developed and continue to refine a general method for the production of recombinant viruses in which modified promoters can be inserted into nonessential loci within the viral genome through homologous recombination. This approach has been especially useful in defining the features of model promoters of the various kinetic classes. Our work suggests that class-specific differences in promoter architecture are critical factors in the ability of the cellular transcription machinery to form stable preinitiation complexes at various phases of infection and, thus, mediate kinetic class-specific transcription. Early (beta) promoters contain a TATA box and upstream activation elements while sequences downstream of the TATA homology are dispensible for transcription. Late transcripts can be catagorized as either leaky-late (beta gamma) or strict late (gamma) depending on whether they are readily detectable prior to viral DNA replication. Promoters controlling both types are clearly distinct from early ones in that sequences near the transcription start site which resemble consensus mammalian initiator elements are required along with the TATA box and activator elements. Strict late promoters do not contain elements upstream of the TATA box but include what appears to be a class specific element downstream of the transcription start site.
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Sawyer MG, Streiner DL, Antoniou G, Toogood I, Rice M. Influence of parental and family adjustment on the later psychological adjustment of children treated for cancer. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37:815-22. [PMID: 9695443 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199808000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between parental adjustment and family adjustment during the period after the children's diagnosis of cancer and the psychological adjustment of children 2 years after their diagnosis. METHOD The study used a prospective design. Children aged 2 to 5 years with cancer and their parents and families (n = 38) were assessed immediately after the children's diagnosis and again 2 years after the diagnosis. Path analysis was used to investigate the relationship between parental and family adjustment during the period after diagnosis and the psychological adjustment of the children 2 years after their diagnosis. RESULTS Maternal adjustment during the period after the children's cancer was diagnosed had a significant relationship with the children's psychological adjustment 2 years after diagnosis. In contrast, the adjustment of fathers and family adjustment appeared to have a more limited impact on the later psychological adjustment of the children. CONCLUSION The level of distress experienced by mothers after the children's diagnosis may have an important influence on the later psychological adjustment of the children. It is possible that this is due to the impact of maternal distress on the capacity of mothers to care for their children during the children's treatment for cancer.
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Sawyer M, Antoniou G, Toogood I, Rice M. Childhood cancer: a two-year prospective study of the psychological adjustment of children and parents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36:1736-43. [PMID: 9401335 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199712000-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To follow prospectively the psychological adjustment of young children, parents, and families during the first 2 years after the children's diagnosis of cancer. METHOD Children aged 2 to 5 years with cancer diagnoses and their parents and families (n = 38) were assessed immediately after diagnosis, 1 year after diagnosis, and 2 years after diagnosis. At each assessment, the psychological adjustment of the children and their families was compared with the adjustment of a cohort of children and families in the general community (n = 39). RESULTS Children with cancer and their parents experienced significantly more emotional distress than children and parents in the community during the period immediately after diagnosis. However, the number of problems experienced by the children with cancer and their parents declined during the first year after the children's diagnosis and stabilized at a level comparable with that found among children and parents in the general community. CONCLUSION Although the results are consistent with reports that suggest that in the longer term the prevalence of psychological problems among children with cancer is similar to that found among children in the general community, they also highlight the considerable distress experienced by children and parents during the period immediately after the children's diagnosis.
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Medicus-Bringa M, Ward G, Rice M. Once-daily versus pharmacokinetic dosing of aminoglycosides. Am J Med 1997; 103:328-30. [PMID: 9382126 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Spurrier NJ, Toogood I, Byard R, Morris L, Rice M, Sawyer MG. Improvement in outcome of children with Wilms' tumour in South Australia over the last 30 years. J Paediatr Child Health 1997; 33:394-7. [PMID: 9401881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1997.tb01627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome of children with Wilms' tumour over the last 30 years in South Australia. To compare the outcome of children treated before and after 1982, when standard treatment protocols were introduced. METHODOLOGY Management approaches, survival rates and side-effects of treatment were identified from case notes. Pathology slides were reviewed to ensure all children were correctly diagnosed with Wilms' tumour. RESULTS Children treated for Wilms' tumour prior to 1982 had an overall survival rate of 54%. Since 1982 there has been a significant improvement in outcome and the current survival rate is now 85%. Children treated since 1982 have also experienced fewer treatment related side-effects than children treated prior to 1982. CONCLUSIONS There has been substantial improvement in survival from childhood Wilms' tumour over the past 30 years in South Australia. This is likely to be due to a combination of factors including standardization of treatment, tailoring of treatment to stage and histology, improved perioperative care, enhanced radiological techniques and higher levels of collaboration between relevant specialists.
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Morley AA, Brisco MJ, Rice M, Snell L, Peng LM, Hughes E, Neoh SH, Sykes PJ. Leukaemia presenting as marrow hypoplasia: molecular detection of the leukaemic clone at the time of initial presentation. Br J Haematol 1997; 98:940-4. [PMID: 9326193 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.3053122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Occasional cases of transient marrow hypoplasia in childhood evolve into acute leukaemia. We studied two children who presented with marrow hypoplasia following infection and who developed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2-3 months later. A simple polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) test for monoclonality showed that immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangements of the same size were present at the times of both hypoplasia and leukaemia, and DNA sequencing confirmed identity of these rearrangements. PCR-based quantification, using patient-specific primers, showed in both patients that the leukaemic clone made up 20-25% of the marrow cells during hypoplasia. In contrast, four patients with typical aplastic anaemia showed only polyclonal B-cell populations in the marrow. We conclude that the leukaemic clone was already present at the time of hypoplasia in the two index patients and that in future a simple PCR test for monoclonality could be used to screen patients with marrow aplasia or hypoplasia for the presence of a monoclonal B-cell population. Patients with monoclonal populations could then be monitored carefully for subsequent development of leukaemia.
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Fan G, Ma X, Kren BT, Rice M, Kmiec EB, Steer CJ. A novel link between REC2, a DNA recombinase, the retinoblastoma protein, and apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:19413-7. [PMID: 9235941 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.31.19413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The REC2 recombinase is essential for recombinational repair following DNA damage as well as for successful meiosis and gene targeting in the corn smut Ustilago maydis. Here we report that overexpression of REC2 induced apoptotic cell death in human HuH-7, Hep G2, and Hep 3B hepatoma cells. Apoptosis was related to recombinase activity and was significantly increased by inhibition of retinoblastoma (Rb) expression with transforming growth factor-beta1. REC2-induced apoptosis was associated with a significantly reduced percentage of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and a significant reduction in G2/M only in the Rb(-/-) Hep 3B cells. Overexpression of REC2 resulted in increased abundance of the hyperphosphorylated form of Rb. However, by immunoprecipitation REC2 was associated primarily with hypophosphorylated Rb, suggesting that REC2 may be involved in modulating the phosphorylation state of Rb. The A and B pocket domains with the spacer amino acid sequence and the carboxyl-terminal region of Rb were required for maximal binding to REC2. Overexpression of Rb significantly inhibited REC2-induced apoptosis even in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta1. Taken together, these data suggest a novel interaction of Rb with the recombinase REC2 and a role for this complex in bridging DNA recombination and apoptosis.
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Dutta S, Gerhold DL, Rice M, Germann M, Kmiec EB. The cloning and overexpression of a cruciform binding protein from Ustilago maydis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1352:258-66. [PMID: 9224950 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(96)00227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The structural gene HMP1 encoding a cruciform DNA binding protein from Ustilago maydis has been cloned. Gene isolation was enabled by a polymerase chain reaction procedure using primers designed from amino acid sequence obtained from the purified protein. DNA sequence determination has revealed that the gene encodes a protein containing 98 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 10151. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic sequences indicated the presence of a single intron in the 5' coding region of the gene. The gene was over-expressed as a translational fusion with a hexahistidine leader sequence enabling affinity purification of the protein on an immobilized metal matrix. Protein isolated after over-expression exhibited cruciform binding activity, conforming earlier purified native protein results. Sequence analysis indicated that no HMG box was present and very little homology to other known cruciform binding proteins was found. It is plausible that HMP1 represents a novel class of proteins that recognize such secondary structures.
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Tsuchida E, Rice M, Bullock R. The neuroprotective effect of the forebrain-selective NMDA antagonist CP101,606 upon focal ischemic brain damage caused by acute subdural hematoma in the rat. J Neurotrauma 1997; 14:409-17. [PMID: 9219855 DOI: 10.1089/neu.1997.14.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of drugs that act against excitotoxic damage, caused by glutamate, are well described in focal ischemia, but behavioral effects, and apparent failure in clinical trials of "first-generation" competitive N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, such as Selfotel (CGS19755), has led to interest in evaluating newer NMDA antagonists with fewer behavioral effects. We have therefore evaluated the neuroprotective effect of a new forebrain-selective polyamine site NMDA antagonist, CP101,606 in a rat subdural hematoma (SDH) model. An SDH was produced by slow injection of 0.4 ml autologous blood into the parietal subdural space. Brain damage was assessed histologically at eight coronal planes, in animals sacrificed 4 h after induction of hematoma. The drug was infused 30 min after induction of SDH. The reductions of ischemic brain damage achieved by CP101,606, was 29% for the low dose and 37% for the high dose. This novel glutamate antagonist has shown a magnitude of neuroprotection which is comparable with that seen with "first-generation" NMDA antagonists such as MK801, D-CPP-ene and CGS19755, in this same model. This new agent is claimed to have fewer psychomotor and behavioral effects than MK801, D-CPP-ene, and CGS19755.
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Rice M. Ectopic pregnancy of 5 weeks gestation. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1997; 37:133-4. [PMID: 9075569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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93
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Smith CH, Meers J, Wilks CR, Rice M, Jones BR. A survey for torovirus in New Zealand cats with protruding nictitating membranes. N Z Vet J 1997; 45:41-3. [PMID: 16031947 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.1997.35987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Faecal samples from 51 cats were examined by negative stain electron microscopy to investigate a possible association between the syndrome of bilateral protrusion of the nictitating membranes and torovirus infection. Although toroviruses were not observed in any sample, other viruses or virus-like particles were observed in faeces from one of 15 cats with the syndrome, six of 21 cats which had experienced prior episodes of the syndrome and four of 15 healthy control cats. The findings of this study do not support the hypothesis that the syndrome is associated with torovirus infection.
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Vaezy S, Martin R, Schmiedl U, Caps M, Taylor S, Beach K, Carter S, Kaczkowski P, Keilman G, Helton S, Chandler W, Mourad P, Rice M, Roy R, Crum L. Liver hemostasis using high-intensity focused ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 1997; 23:1413-1420. [PMID: 9428140 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-5629(97)00143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Liver hemorrhage, the major cause of death in hepatic trauma, is notoriously difficult to control. We report on the use of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to arrest the bleeding from incisions made in rabbit livers. A HIFU transducer, with a spherically curved aperture of 6.34 cm2 area, a focal length of 4 cm and a frequency of 3.3 MHz was used. In approximately 94% of the incisions, the hemorrhage was reduced to a slow oozing of blood in less than 2 min. The maximum temperature of liver tissue around the incision area, during HIFU application, was measured to be 86 degrees C. The mechanism of hemostasis, confirmed by histological examination, appears to be coagulative necrosis of a volume of liver tissue around the incision. We believe that acoustic hemostasis, with the unique characteristic of "volume cauterization," offers a novel method for the management of liver hemorrhage and, thus, has major clinical implications.
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Brown RT, Sawyer MB, Antoniou G, Toogood I, Rice M, Thompson N, Madan-Swain A. A 3-year follow-up of the intellectual and academic functioning of children receiving central nervous system prophylactic chemotherapy for leukemia. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1996; 17:392-8. [PMID: 8960568 DOI: 10.1097/00004703-199612000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study compared the intellectual and academic functioning of two groups of children treated for cancer over the 3 years after their diagnosis. One group consisted of children who received central nervous system (CNS) prophylactic chemotherapy, and the other group consisted of children with cancer who did not receive CNS chemotherapy. The results suggest that the children who received CNS chemotherapy experienced more adverse effects from their treatment in the area of academic functioning than the children who did not receive CNS chemotherapy. Although there were no differences in the academic functioning of the two groups of children immediately after their diagnosis, 3 years postdiagnosis, the CNS-treated children scored more poorly on academic tests of reading, spelling, and arithmetic than the non-CNS-treated children. The results suggest that CNS chemotherapy prophylaxis may impede academic achievement.
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Rice M. Reproductive health as a global issue: new opportunities for health promotion and education? PROMOTION & EDUCATION 1996; 3:3-5, 43-5. [PMID: 8923555 DOI: 10.1177/102538239600300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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97
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Rice M. A framework for developing health promotion and education initiatives in reproductive health. PROMOTION & EDUCATION 1996; 3:7-10, 45. [PMID: 8923556 DOI: 10.1177/102538239600300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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98
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Rice M, Wilks CR. Virus and virus-like particles observed in the intestinal contents of the possum, Trichosurus vulpecula. Arch Virol 1996; 141:945-50. [PMID: 8678839 PMCID: PMC7086903 DOI: 10.1007/bf01718168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal contents derived from the Australian brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, were examined by negative stain electron microscopy for the presence of viruses. Out of 100 samples, 23 contained at least one type of vertebrate virus or virus-like particle. Adenovirus was identified in six samples, herpesvirus in two samples, coronavirus in four samples, and coronavirus-like particles in 14 samples. To date no viruses of the brush-tailed possum have been isolated in tissue culture but these results indicate that this species is probably host to several viral species.
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Abstract
Children encounter life-threatening situations through trauma as well as acute and chronic illnesses. These life-threatening situations are not only potentially physically incapacitating but also emotionally scarring. Using Jillings' model for life-threatening illnesses, nurses are able to assess and intervene with child survivors and their families to insure optimum psychological and emotional outcomes.
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Kortright JB, Rice M, Carr R. Soft-x-ray Faraday rotation at Fe L2,3 edges. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:10240-10243. [PMID: 9977714 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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