A Comparative Study of Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure between Sedentary and Non-Sedentary Workers

Sedentary lifestyle are spreading worldwide because of lack of available spaces for exercise, increased occupational sedentary behaviors such as office work and the increased prevalence of television and video devices. Increased incidence of sedentary lifestyle and obesity in developed and developing countries is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study was undertaken to analyze the differences in anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters in sedentary and non-sedentary male subjects. This analytical type of cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2021 to June 2022. This study consisted 50 male employees of 25-60 years who worked in an office were study group (Group II) and control group Group-I) consisted of 50 male age matched physical laborers. BMI was calculated as weight in kilogram divided by the height in meter square i.e. kg/m². Blood Pressure was measured by indirect auscultatory method with an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Statistical analysis was done by using Student's un-paired 't' test. Values expressed as mean ± standard deviation. P value was taken as significant at 5 percent confidence level. The mean±SD BMI in kg/m² of Group I and Group II were 21.90±2.22 and 29.32±3.13 respectively. The mean±SD systolic blood pressure of Group I and Group II were 112.20±6.79 and 145.10±8.11 and mean±SD diastolic blood pressure of Group I and Group II were 72.80±5.73 and 91.00±5.05 respectively. The BMI and blood pressure were increased in sedentary group compared to non-sedentary group. From the study, it appears that the risk for cardiovascular disease is increased in sedentary workers.

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis- A Rare Cause of Obstructive Jaundice: A Case Report

Diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is often very difficult and may have a suspicion with altered liver functions. PSC is known to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease. This article presents a case study of a 70 years old male patient who presented with obstructive jaundice with recurrent episode of cholangitis in June 2019 at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Evaluation revealed beaded appearance in MRCP with positive relevant markers which raised suspicion of PSC and it was confirmed by biopsy and histopathology of the affected segment in biliary tree. The importance of early detection of primary sclerosing cholangitis in an effort to decrease the morbidity and mortality from cholangiocarcinoma will also be emphasized and our management according to local protocol and outcome of this patient.

Impact of textile dyes on health and ecosystem: a review of structure, causes, and potential solutions

The rapid growth of population and industrialization have intensified the problem of water pollution globally. To meet the challenge of industrialization, the use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry, dyeing and printing industry, tannery and paint industry, paper and pulp industry, cosmetic and food industry, dye manufacturing industry, and pharmaceutical industry has increased exponentially. Among these industries, the textile industry is prominent for the water pollution due to the hefty consumption of water and discharge of coloring materials in the effluent. The discharge of this effluent into the aquatic reservoir affects its biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH. The release of the effluents without any remedial treatment will generate a gigantic peril to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. The ecological-friendly treatment of the dye-containing wastewater to minimize the detrimental effect on human health and the environment is the need of the hour. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the catastrophic effects of textile dyes on human health and the environment. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the dyes and chemicals used in the textile industry, focusing on the typical treatment processes for their removal from industrial wastewaters, including chemical, biological, physical, and hybrid techniques.

Green synthesis of multifunctional MgO@AgO/Ag2O nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and toluidine blue

Introduction: In this paper, MgO@AgO/Ag₂O nanoparticles were greenly synthesized, the current idea is to replace the harmful chemical technique with an ecofriendly synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing biogenic sources. Methods: The current investigation was conducted to create silver oxide NPs decorated by MgO NPs (namely, MgO@AgO/Ag₂O nanocom-posite) using the leaves extract of Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) as the reducing and capping agent. The nanopowder was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron mi-croscope, BET surface area, Fourier transform infrared, and UV-vis spectrophotom-eter studies. XRD studies reveal the monophasic nature of these highly crystalline silver nano-particles. SEM studies the shape and morphology of the synthesis AgO/Ag₂O and MgO@AgO/Ag₂O NPs. The presence of magnesium and oxygen was further confirmed by EDS profile. Results and discussion: The surface area was found to be 9.1787 m²/g and 7.7166 m²/g, respectively. FTIR analysis showed the presence of specific functional groups. UV-vis spectrophotometer studies show the absorption band at 450 nm due to surface plasmon resonance. The results have also indicated the high performance of the greenly synthesized AgO/Ag₂O NPs and MgO@AgO/Ag₂O NPs for photocatalytic activity dye degradation (methylene blue and toluidine blue).

Synthesis and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Bio-Composite from Fenugreek as a Natural Resource

The present study show the usability of starch (tamarind) based-bio-composite film reinforced by fenugreek by various percentages to replace the traditional petrochemical plastics. The prepared bio-composite films were systematically characterized using the universal testing machine (UTM), soil degradation, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and antibacterial tests. The experiments showed that a lower percentage of fenugreek improves biodegradation and mechanical strength. More than 60% of biodegradation occurred in only 30 days. Almost 3 N/mm² tensile strength and 6.5% tensile strain were obtained. The presence of micropores confirmed by SEM images may accelerate the biodegradation process. Antibacterial activity was observed with two samples of synthesized bio-composite, due to photoactive compounds confirmed by FTIR spectra. The glass transition temperature was shown to be higher than the room temperature, with the help of thermal analysis. The prepared bio-composite containing 5% and 10% fenugreek showed antibacterial activities.

Development of a Toxic Lead Ionic Sensor Using Carboxyl-Functionalized MWCNTs in Real Water Sample Analyses

Functional multiwall carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) are of significant interest due to their dispersion ability in the aqueous phase and potential application in environmental, nanotechnology, and biological fields. Herein, we functionalized MWCNTs by a simple acid treatment under ultra-sonification, which represented a terminal or side-functional improvement for the fabrication of a toxic lead ion sensor. The f-MWCNTs were characterized in detail by XRD, Raman, XPS, BET, UV/vis, FTIR, and FESEM-coupled XEDS techniques. The analytical performance of the f-MWCNTs was studied for the selective detection of toxic lead ions by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The selectivity of the f-MWCNTs was evaluated using several metal ions such as Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions. Lastly, the newly designed ionic sensor was successfully employed to selectively detect lead ions in several environmental water samples with reasonable results. This approach introduced a new technique for the selective detection of heavy metal ions using functional carbon nanotubes with ICP-OES for the safety of environmental and healthcare fields on a broad scale.

Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nitrophenol with PEDOT:PSS Modified Pt NPs-Embedded PPy-CB@ZnO Nanocomposites

In this study, a selective 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) sensor was developed onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as an electron-sensing substrate, which decorated with sol-gel, prepared Pt nanoparticles- (NPs) embedded polypyrole-carbon black (PPy-CB)/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) using differential pulse voltammetry. Characterizations of the NCs were performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD). The GCE modified by conducting coating binders [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate; PEDOT:PSS] based on Pt NPs/PPy-CB/ZnO NCs functioned as the working electrode and showed selectivity toward 4-NP in a phosphate buffer medium at pH 7.0. Our analysis of 4-NP showed the linearity from 1.5 to 40.5 µM, which was identified as the linear detection range (LDR). A current versus concentration plot was formed and showed a regression co-efficient R² of 0.9917, which can be expressed by i_p(µA) = 0.2493C(µM) + 15.694. The 4-NP sensor sensitivity was calculated using the slope of the LDR, considering the surface area of the GCE (0.0316 cm²). The sensitivity was calculated as 7.8892 µAµM^-1cm^-2. The LOD (limit of detection) of the 4-NP was calculated as 1.25 ± 0.06 µM, which was calculated from 3xSD/σ (SD: Standard deviation of blank response; σ: Slope of the calibration curve). Limit of quantification (LOQ) is also calculated as 3.79 µM from LOQ = 10xLOD/3.3. Sensor parameters such as reproducibility, response time, and analyzing stability were outstanding. Therefore, this novel approach can be broadly used to safely fabricate selective 4-NP sensors based on nanoparticle-decorated nanocomposite materials in environmental measurement.

Efficient Detection of 2,6-Dinitrophenol with Silver Nanoparticle-Decorated Chitosan/SrSnO3 Nanocomposites by Differential Pulse Voltammetry

Herein, an ultra-sonication technique followed by a photoreduction technique was implemented to prepare silver nanoparticle-decorated Chitosan/SrSnO₃ nanocomposites (Ag-decorated Chitosan/SrSnO₃ NCs), and they were successively used as electron-sensing substrates coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the development of a 2,6-dinitrophenol (2,6-DNP) efficient electrochemical sensor. The synthesized NCs were characterized in terms of morphology, surface composition, and optical properties using FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, BET, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and UV-vis analysis. Ag-decorated Chitosan/SrSnO₃ NC/GCE fabricated with the conducting binder (PEDOT:PSS) was found to analyze 2,6-DNP in a wide detection range (LDR) of 1.5~13.5 µM by applying the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) approach. The 2,6-DNP sensor parameters, such as sensitivity (54.032 µA µM^-1 cm^-2), limit of detection (LOD; 0.18 ± 0.01 µM), limit of quantification (LOQ; 0.545 µM) reproducibility, and response time, were found excellent and good results. Additionally, various environmental samples were analyzed and obtained reliable analytical results. Thus, it is the simplest way to develop a sensor probe with newly developed nanocomposite materials for analyzing the carcinogenic contaminants from the environmental effluents by electrochemical approach for the safety of environmental and healthcare fields in a broad scale.

Effect of Full Veneer Crown on Periodontal Health in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

Both periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus (DM) are important public health issues. Compared to the non-diabetic counterparts, diabetic patients more often suffer from dental problems, sometimes requiring fixed-dental prosthesis. Gingival inflammation and other forms of periodontal disease are the common complications of the dental prosthesis. This prospective comparative experimental study was intended to compare the outcome of the periodontal health after placement of full veneer crown in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from April 2018 to March 2019. This study involved consecutive 53 diabetic and 53 non-diabetic adult patients of either sex, undergoing treatment with full veneer crown in either maxillary or mandibular posterior teeth with healthy periodontal tissue. The outcome variables were: plaque index, gingival index, periodontal pocket depth, and bleeding on probing, at baseline, 3 months and 6 months post-procedure. Gingival index in the diabetic group reached from 0 at baseline to nearly 0.1 at 3 months which then steeply reached to 0.2 at 6 months interval, whereas the same index in the non-diabetic group reached from 0 at baseline to 0.009 at 3 months and 0.04 at 6 months interval. Plaque index of diabetic patients increased from 0 at baseline to 0.5 at 3- and 6-months interval, whereas the plaque index of non-diabetic patients increased to 0.4 at 3 months and then decreased again 0.3 at 6 months interval (p<0.001). Periodontal pocket depth of diabetic group increased from 1.0mm at baseline to 1.2 and 1.5mm at 3 and 6 months respectively, while the same measure in the non-diabetic group increased to 1.1 and 1.3mm at 3 and 6 months respectively (p<0.001). Bleeding on probing index in the diabetic group reached sharply to 1.5 at 3 months from 0 at baseline and then it reached 2.3 at 6 months, whereas the same index in non-diabetic group reached 1.1 and 1.6 at 3 and 6 months respectively (p<0.001). Periodontal health outcome of full veener crown in diabetic patients is adversely affected compared to that in non-diabetic patients.

Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of dopamine from COVID-19 quarantine person

The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, is not only a great threat to the victim life but it is leaving invisible devastating negative affect on mental health of quarantined individual because of isolation, depression, bereavement, and loss of income. Therefore, the precise monitoring catecholamine neurotransmitters specifically of dopamine (DA) is of great importance to assess the mental health. Thus, herein we have synthesized Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) through solvothermal method for precise monitoring of DA. To facilitate the fast transportation of ions, highly conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene; PEDOT) has been integrated on the surface of ZIF-67 which not only provides the smooth pathway for ions/electrons transportation but also saves the electrode from pulverization. The fabricated ZIF-67/PEDOT electrode shows a significant sensing performance towards DA detection in terms of short diffusion pathways by expositing more active sites, over good linear range (15-240 μM) and a low detection limit of (0.04 μM) even in the coexistence of the potentially interfering molecules. The developed ZIF-67/PEDOT sensor was successfully employed for sensitive and selective monitoring of DA from COVID-19 quarantined person blood, thus suggesting reliability of the developed electrode.

Green Production and Interaction of Carboxylated CNTs/Biogenic ZnO Composite for Antibacterial Activity

Using biomolecule-rich plant extracts, the conversion of metal ions to metal oxide nanoparticles via abiogenic approach is highly intriguing, environmentally friendly, and quick. The inherent inclination of plant extracts function as capping agents in the insitu synthesis. In this study, biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO−NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract from Moringaoleifera. The ZnO−NPs were then mixed with carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to create a carboxylated CNTs/biogenic ZnO composite using asol–gel method. The CNTs/ZnO composite displayed 18 mm, 16 mm, and 17 mm zones of inhibition (ZOI) against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, respectively. In contrast with ZnO−NPs, the produced carboxylated CNTs/ZnO composite demonstrated a 13 percent elevation in ZOI as antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 19659, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The characterization of ZnO−NPs and the carboxylated CNTs/ZnO composite were performed via FTIR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, SEM, and XRD. The XRD pattern depicted a nano−sized crystalline structure (Wurtzite) of ZnO−NPs and a carboxylated CNTs/ZnO composite. The current work comprehends a valuable green technique for killing pathogenic bacteria, and gives fresh insights into the manufacture of metal oxide composites for future research.

Fabrication of 3D Gelatin Hydrogel Nanocomposite Impregnated Co-Doped SnO2 Nanomaterial for the Catalytic Reduction of Environmental Pollutants

In the catalytic reduction of various environment pollutants, cobalt-doped tin oxide, i.e., Co-SnO₂ intercalated gelatin (GL) hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared via direct mixing of Co-SnO₂ doped with GL. Then, it was crosslinked internally using formaldehyde within a viscous solution of gelatin polymer, which led to the formation of GL/Co-SnO₂ hydrogel nanocomposite. GL/Co-SnO₂ hydrogel nanocomposite was fully characterized by using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The FESEM images indicate that the Co-SnO₂ composite has a spherical structure on the GL matrix while EDX elucidates the elemental composition of each atom in the crosslinked GL/Co-SnO₂ hydrogel nanocomposite. The GL/Co-SnO₂ nanocomposite was checked for the reduction of various pollutants, including 2-nitro-phenol (2-NP), 2,6-dinitro-phenol (2,6-DNP), 4-nitro-phenol (4-NP), Congo red (CR), and methyl orange (MO) dyes with a strong sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) reducing agent. The GL/Co-SnO₂ nanocomposite synergistically reduced the MO in the presence of the reducing agent with greater reduction rate of 1.036 min⁻¹ compared to other dyes. The reduction condition was optimized by changing various parameters, such as the catalyst amount, dye concentration, and the NaBH₄ amount. Moreover, the GL/Co-SnO₂ nanocomposite catalyst can be easily recovered, is recyclable, and revealed minimal loss of nanomaterials.

Relationship of Serum Uric Acid Level with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Single-Center, Hospital-Based Study from Bangladesh

The role of uric acid as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, particularly acute ischemic stroke, is controversial and there is little information about this in our setting. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the departments of Medicine and Neurology of a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh over one year, from January 2018 to December 2018, to estimate serum uric acid (SUA) levels and assess its risk factor potential in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Forty-five patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled and a similar number of age and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited for comparison. All known risk factors for stroke were searched and SUA levels were measured. SUA was higher (6.66±2.33 vs. 5.23±1.81 mg/dL; p=0.002) and hyperuricemia was more frequent (64.4% vs. 24.4%, p<0.001) in stroke patients in comparison to the controls. Hypertension was more frequent among stroke patients. In multivariate analysis, hyperuricemia [OR 4.51 (95% CI 1.67-12.16; p<0.05)] and HTN [OR 6.31 (95% CI 2.26-17.61; p<0.001)] were found to be independent risk factors of acute ischemic stroke. The stroke and control groups had no differences in age, sex, residence, education, monthly income, occupation, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in the stroke patients. SUA may be used as a marker for increased risk of ischemic stroke. However, larger-scale studies are needed to get more insight into our findings.

Management of Neglected Rupture of Tendoachilles with Long Gap by Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer

The tendo achilles is one of most important tendon in human body which often injured through direct trauma or indirect stress on a weakened tendon. Longer the duration after injury the injured parts likely to move apart, fibrosis and degeneration leading to difficulty in repair or reconstruction. Usually a phase of 4 weeks or more without specific treatment is regarded as chronic or neglected rupture. Different authors described many management protocols about the tendo achilles rupture but there is no procedure of choice for neglected rupture with long gap. Prospective case series of 21 patients of neglected tendo achilles rupture with long gap treated with flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHLT) transfer was taken for study from January 2019 to December 2020 in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Average age of patients was 39.47 years with range 22-65 years. Fifteen (15) cases of traumatic rupture in this study with average age 32.66 years and pathologic 6 cases with average age 56.5 years were recorded. We grafted FHLT from channel by incising Henry's knot. Krackow et al.'s technique was followed for tendon mobilization and bone fixation. We made procedure simpler and cheaper; instead of using interference screw the sutured tendon pulled through the heel and anchored over rubber tube or button by Cole method. Post-operative complications were less with one patient with superficial infection which eventually recovered 3 cases of mild pain and 2 cases of numbness. Questionnaire for surgical outcome measure are satisfactory in 19 patients (90.47%). Final follow up AOFAS score at 6 month (91.61±5.41) was highly significant (p<0.001) in comparison to preoperative score (38.71±9.78). These are comparable to other study. Above mentioned scores indicate the reliability of the surgical system. But our study is a prospective case series with minimum cases. To establish the best procedure for neglected tendo achilles rupture with long gap we recommend further study with larger group and Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study among different procedure.

Association of Aortic Valve Sclerosis with Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome, Aged ≤65 Years

Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) represents a degenerative process that progresses with advancing age. The study was intended to find out the association between aortic valve sclerosis and the severity of CAD in patient's age ≤65 years with acute coronary syndrome. This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the department of cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh during a period of October 2017 to September 2018. A total of 140 Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing coronary angiogram during index hospitalization were included in the study. Study patients were divided into two groups on the basis of echocardiographic presence or absence of Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS), with 70 patients in each group. Group I was patients with aortic valve sclerosis and Group II was patients without aortic valve sclerosis. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography before they underwent coronary angiography on different days. Severity of CAD was determined by Gensini score and Vessel score. Association of traditional risk factors (smoking habit, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and family history of CAD) with severity of CAD was investigated. Coronary angiography showed that AVS group had a higher positive rate of CAD (82.9% vs. 54.3%, p<0.001) and incidence rate of triple vessel CAD (40% vs. 14.3%, p<0.001) than non-AVS group. Gensini score had higher in AVS group than non AVS group (37.9±27.8 vs. 12.5±14.2; p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that AVS (p=0.01) and age (p=0.04) were independent predictors of the presence of significant coronary artery disease. The study concluded that echocardiographically detected AVS is an independent predictor of coronary artery disease severity. There is positive correlation between severity of AVS and severity of CAD in patient's age ≤65 years with ACS.

Quality of Life Assessment by SF-36 among the Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have substantial functional disability which poses a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL). So, this study aims to assess the QoL of RA patients by the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Total sixty-two (62) rheumatoid arthritis patients were included in this cross-sectional observational study and were performed in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from August 2018 to September 2019 according to selection criteria. A Bengali validated version of Medical Outcomes Study-36: Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire was used to assess QoL. Among the sixty-two (62) patients, mean age was 44.18±12.14 years with female preponderance (77.4%). About one-fifth of the patients (19.4%, n=12) were illiterate and the majority (71.0%, n=44) were housewives. Amongst all, 53.2% (n=33) had monthly family income >20,000 taka. Forty percent (n=25) had a disease duration of 1 to 5 years. According to Disease Activity Score Sheet 28 (DAS-28), 36(58.1%) patients had moderate disease activity and 26(41.9%) patients had high disease activity. Among the 8 domains, the mental health domain had the highest score (42.77±13.78) and the role physical domain had the lowest (35.89±15.43). Male, literate patients with higher income had relatively better QoL. Patients with prolonged disease, high disease activity and irregular taking of Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) had poor quality of life. A significant negative correlation was present between SF-36 scores and the DAS-28 scores (r = -0.803, p<0.001). Rheumatoid arthritis had a relatively poor quality of life regarding both physical and mental health components, but the physical health component was predominantly affected.

Association of Diastolic Dysfunction with Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

In recent years, diastolic dysfunction is an evolving context. Presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) indicates a poor prognosis in patients with an ACS and chronic coronary artery diseases. This study evaluated the association of LVDD and angiographic severity of CAD in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period of April 2017 to March 2018. A total of 120 NSTEMI patients undergoing coronary angiogram (CAG) during index hospitalization were included in the study. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography before they underwent CAG on different days. Presence (Group I, n=65) and absence of LVDD (Group II, n=55) was established by echocardiography. Severity of CAD was assessed by Vessel score and Leaman score. Association of traditional risk factors (smoking habit, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and family history of CAD) with severity of CAD was investigated. Vessel score showed coronary artery obstruction (CAO) was present in 62(95.4%) patients in Group I and 35(63.6%) patients in Group II, single vessel was involved in 17(27.4%) patients while multi vessel in 45(72.6%) patients was found in Group I. On the contrary 27(77.1%) single vessel patients and 8(22.9%) multi vessel patients were found in Group II. Positive Leaman score was significantly higher in Group I, 62(95.4%) than that of Group II, 35(63.6%) which is statistically significant (p<0.001). This study showed a positive correlation between LVDD and CAD severity in terms of vessel score and Leamanscore. This study also demonstrates that the severity of vessel score and Leaman score was higher in the higher grade of diastolic dysfunction. The present study concludes that LVDD is associated with angiographically severe CAD in patients with NSTEMI.

982 ARE POST FALL CT HEAD SCANS DONE ACCORDING TO TRUST GUIDELINES

Introduction

Falls are a major public health concern, which poses a high risk of injury and even death. Due to fears regarding increased morbidity and mortality post fall, we have noticed that there is a tendency for junior doctors to request computerized tomography (CT) head scans beyond clinical reasoning and indications that are not found in the trusts post falls protocol. In addition, we discovered significant delays in completion of inpatient CT head scans resulting in delayed management. We therefore embarked on an audit with the aim of improving post falls assessment. We assessed compliance with trust post fall protocol regarding suspected head injury and requesting of urgent CT head scans, if urgent CT had scan are done within 1 hour and carrying out neurological observations post fall. The initial audit outcomes demonstrated poor compliance with the audited standards. As a result we introduced a new comprehensive post falls assessment proforma.

Results

We re-audited after the introduction of the new falls proforma, assessing inpatient falls from 20th January to 27th February 2021 at the William Harvey Hospital. 69% of falls cases have CT head scans requested as per trust policy, an improvement of 77% from the initial audit. 50% of patients who met the criteria for urgent CT head scans had it done within one hour of the request being made, an improvement of 150%. 84% of patient’s had neurological observations recorded as part of post fall assessment, an improvement of 12% from the initial audit.

Conclusion

The improvements seen in the audited standards are indicative that the new post falls proforma improves compliance with the trusts post falls protocol. We recommend that the new post falls proforma be a part of the trusts post fall protocol and for it to be included in the trust induction to new doctors.

Energy Harvesting by Mesoporous Reduced Graphene Oxide Enhanced the Mediator-Free Glucose-Powered Enzymatic Biofuel Cell for Biomedical Applications

Harnessing electrochemical energy in an engineered electrical circuit from biochemical substrates in the human body using biofuel cells is gaining increasing research attention in the current decade due to the wide range of biomedical possibilities it creates for electronic devices. In this report, we describe and characterize the construction of just such an enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC). It is simple, mediator-free, and glucose-powered, employing only biocompatible materials. A novel feature is the two-dimensional mesoporous thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO) host electrode. An additionally novelty is that we explored the potential of using biocompatible, low-cost filter paper (FP) instead of carbon paper, a conductive polymer, or gold as support for the host electrode. Using glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and molecular oxygen (O₂) as the power-generating fuel, the cell consists of a pair of bioelectrodes incorporating immobilized enzymes, the bioanode modified by rGO-glucose oxidase (GOx/rGO), and the biocathode modified by rGO-laccase (Lac/rGO). Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy techniques have been employed to investigate the surface morphology, defects, and chemical structure of rGO, GOx/rGO, and Lac/rGO. N₂ sorption, SEM/EDX, and powder X-ray diffraction revealed a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (179 m² g^-1) mesoporous rGO structure with the high C/O ratio of 80:1 as well. Results from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies indicated that GOx remained in its native biochemical functional form upon being embedded onto the rGO matrix. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the presence of mesoporous rGO greatly enhanced the direct electrochemistry and electrocatalytic properties of the GOx/rGO and Lac/rGO nanocomposites. The electron transfer rate constant between GOx and rGO was estimated to be 2.14 s^-1. The fabricated EBFC (GOx/rGO/FP-Lac/rGO/FP) using a single GOx/rGO/FP bioanode and a single Lac/rGO/FP biocathode provides a maximum power density (P_max) of 4.0 nW cm^-2 with an open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 0.04 V and remains stable for more than 15 days with a power output of ∼9.0 nW cm^-2 at a pH of 7.4 under ambient conditions.

Detection of L-Aspartic Acid with Ag-Doped ZnO Nanosheets Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry

Here, a sensitive voltametric electrochemical sensor probe was fabricated to reliably trace the detection of L-aspartic acid in phosphate-buffered medium using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) layered with a film of wet-chemically prepared Ag2O-doped ZnO nanosheets (NSs). EDS, FESEM, XPS, and X-ray diffraction analyses were implemented as characterizing tools of prepared NSs to confirm the structural and compositional morphology, binding energies of existing atoms, and the crystallinity of synthesized NSs. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was applied to the trace detection of L-aspartic acid, and exhibited a wide detection range of 15.0~105.0 µM, a limit of detection (3.5 ± 0.15 µM), and good sensitivity (0.2689 µA µM-1 cm-2). Besides these the precious reproducibility, stability, and efficient responses were perceived from the voltametric analysis of aspartic acid. Moreover, the proposed aspartic acid was subjected to experiments to potentially detect aspartic acid in real biological samples. Therefore, the development of an enzyme-free sensor by applying this method will be a smart technical approach in the near future.

An Efficient Enzyme-Less Uric Acid Sensor Development Based on PbO-Doped NiO Nanocomposites

Here, the voltammetric electrochemical approach was applied to detect uric acid (UA) in a conductive sensing medium (phosphate buffer solution-PBS) by using PbO-doped NiO nanocomposites (NCs)-decorated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) performing as working electrode. The wet-chemically prepared PbO-doped NiO NCs were subjected to characterization by the implementation of XRD, FESEM, XPS, and EDS analysis. The modified GCE was used to detect uric acid (UA) in an enzyme-free conductive buffer (PBS) of pH = 7.0. As the outcomes of this study reveal, it exhibited good sensitivity of 0.2315 µAµM−1cm−2 and 0.2233 µAµM−1cm−2, corresponding to cyclic (CV) and differential pulse (DPV) voltammetric analysis of UA, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed UA sensor showed a wider detection (0.15~1.35 mM) range in both electrochemical analysis methods (CV & DPV). In addition, the investigated UA sensor displayed appreciable limit of detection (LOD) of 41.0 ± 2.05 µM by CV and 43.0 ± 2.14 µM by DPV. Good reproducibility performance, faster response time and long-time stability in detection of UA were perceived in both electrochemical analysis methods. Finally, successful analysis of the bio-samples was performed using the recovery method, and the results were found to be quite acceptable in terms of accuracy. Thus, the findings indicate a reliable approach for the development of 5th generation biosensors using metal-oxides as sensing substrate to fulfill the requirements of portable use for in situ detection.