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Jo KW, Park SM, Kim SD, Kim SR, Baik MW, Kim YW. Is Transradial Cerebral Angiography Feasible and Safe? A Single Center's Experience. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2010; 47:332-7. [PMID: 20539791 PMCID: PMC2883052 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2010.47.5.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although a transradial angiography is accepted as the gold standard for cardiovascular procedures, cerebral angiography has been performed via transfemoral approach in most institutions. The purpose of this study is to present our experience concerning the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a transradial approach to cerebral angiography as an alternative to a transfemoral approach. METHODS Between February 2007 and October 2009, a total of 1,240 cerebral angiographies were performed via a transradial approach in a single center. The right radial approach was used as an initial access route. The procedure continued only after the ulnar artery was proven to provide satisfactory collateral perfusion according to two tests (a modified Allen's test and forearm angiography). RESULTS The procedural success rate was 94.8% with a mean duration of 28 minutes. All supra-aortic vessels were successfully catheterized with a success rate of 100%. The success rates of selective catheterization to the right vertebral artery, right internal carotid artery, left internal carotid artery, and left vertebral artery were 96.1%, 98.6%, 82.6% and 52.2%, respectively. The procedure was performed more than twice in 73 patients (5.9%), including up to 4 times in 2 patients. The radial artery occlusion was found in 4 patients (5.4%) on follow-up cerebral angiography, but no ischemic symptoms were observed in any of the cases. CONCLUSION This study suggests that cerebral angiography using a transradial approach can be performed with minimal risk of morbidity. In particular, this procedure might be useful for follow-up angiographies and place less stress on patients.
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Kim JT, Na HS, Kim HS, Kim CS, Kim SD. CPAP of 10 cmH2O during cardiopulmonary bypass followed by an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre does not improve post-bypass oxygenation compared to a recruitment manoeuvre alone in children. Anaesth Intensive Care 2010; 38:291-4. [PMID: 20369762 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1003800227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This randomised controlled study assessed whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 10 cmH2O during cardiopulmonary bypass improves post-bypass oxygenation in children compared with no CPAP during bypass. We studied children with a ventricular septal defect. CPAP of 10 cmH2O was applied during bypass in the CPAP group (n=24), whereas the lungs were left deflated in the control group (n=20). In both groups, an alveolar recruitment maneuver was performed by applying positive pressure of 30 to 40 cmH2O for five seconds before weaning from bypass. Postoperative ventilation had the peak inflation pressure set to produce an expired tidal volume of 8 ml/kg with positive end expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O. Arterial blood gas and haemodynamic measurements were performed at skin incision, five minutes after weaning from bypass, five minutes after chest closure and four hours after arrival in the intensive care unit. In four children CPAP was discontinued because it adversely affected the operating field. There was no difference in demographic characteristics, haemodynamic data, bypass time and operation time. No difference was observed between the groups with respect to pH, PaO2, P(A-a) DO2, PaCO2, and ETCO2 at each time. Variability in the data was greater than expected, leading to a decrease in the expected power of the study. CPAP at 10 cmH2O during bypass was not found to improve the post-bypass oxygenation as compared with leaving the lung deflated during bypass in children undergoing ventricular septal defect repair who had an alveolar recruitment maneuver at the end of bypass.
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Jeon J, Kannan K, Lim HK, Moon HB, Ra JS, Kim SD. Bioaccumulation of perfluorochemicals in Pacific oyster under different salinity gradients. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:2695-701. [PMID: 20230022 DOI: 10.1021/es100151r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the reports of widespread occurrence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in estuarine and coastal waters and open seas, little is known on the effect of salinity on bioaccumulation. In this study, effects of salinity on bioaccumulation of PFCs in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were investigated. Furthermore, partitioning of PFCs between water and particles (oysters' food) was examined at different salinities. The distribution coefficients (K(d); partitioning between water and particles) for selected PFCs, that is, PFOS, PFOA, PFDA, and PFUnDA, increased by 2.1- to 2.7-fold with the increase in water salinity from 10 to 34 psu, suggesting "salting-out" effect, and the salting constant (delta) was estimated to range from 0.80 to 1.11. The nonlinear regression analysis of bioaccumulation suggested increase in aqueous and dietary uptake rates (K(w) and K(f)), with the increase in salinity, which resulted in elevated bioaccumulation, although the depuration rates (K(e)) also increased. The relative abundance of long carbon chain length PFCs (i.e., PFDA and PFUnDA) increased as salinity increased, while the proportion of PFOS and PFOA decreased, which is explained by the positive relationship between delta and carbon chain length. The contribution of diet to bioaccumulation in oysters ranged from 18 to 92%. Overall, salinity not only affected the chemistry of PFCs, but also the physiology of oysters, contributing to sorption and bioaccumulation of perfluorochemicals in oysters.
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Jeon J, Sung Ra J, Lee SH, Lee MJ, Yu SH, Kim SD. Role of food and clay particles in toxicity of copper and diazinon using Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:400-406. [PMID: 19942290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity changes in copper and diazinon were investigated in the presence of food, clay, and their mixture by using Daphnia magna. In sorption equilibrium experiments, copper was significantly attracted (>34% sorbed) to food, clay, and food-clay mixture due to their negative zeta potential, while diazinon was less sorbed (<11%). In the exposure test with food and clay particles, it was revealed that copper was remarkably reduced in the presence of clay particles indicating the change in bioavailability of copper by sorption to clay. This was considered as the primary mechanism for toxicity reduction whereas diazinon toxicity was food dependent in the analysis of toxicity using toxicity change index (TCI). It was also shown that certain foods could not only act as a sorbent to copper and diazinon, but also as a material of energy source to alleviate the toxic damage. Meanwhile, clay can be considered as a prominent sorbent to copper but not to diazinon and can inhibit the sorption interaction between foodstuffs and toxicants through the aggregation and sedimentation processes. Furthermore, clay particles, as shown in TCI analysis, may be a potentially risky material as a physiological stressor or a toxicant carrier in contaminated environments.
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Duong CN, Ra JS, Cho J, Kim SD, Choi HK, Park JH, Kim KW, Inam E, Kim SD. Estrogenic chemicals and estrogenicity in river waters of South Korea and seven Asian countries. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:286-293. [PMID: 19931116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of treatment processes on estrogenicity were evaluated by examining estradiol equivalent (EEQ) concentrations in influents and effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) located along Yeongsan and Seomjin rivers in Korea. The occurrence and distribution of estrogenic chemicals were also estimated for surface water in Korea and compared with seven other Asian countries including Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. Target compounds were nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), bisphenol A (BPA), estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and genistein (Gen). Water samples were pretreated and analyzed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the treatment processes of Korean STPs were sufficient to reduce the estrogenic activity of municipal wastewater. The concentrations of phenolic xenoestrogens (i.e., NP, OP and BPA) in samples of Yeongsan and Seomjin rivers were smaller than those reported by previous studies in Korea. In most samples taken from the seven Asian countries, the presence of E2 and EE2 was a major contributor toward estrogenic activity. The EEQ concentrations in surface water samples of the seven Asian countries were at a higher level in comparison to that reported in European countries, America and Japan. However, further studies with more sampling frequencies and sampling areas should be carried out for better evaluation of the occurrence and distribution of estrogenic compounds in these Asian countries.
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Yoon WK, Kim YW, Kim SR, Park IS, Kim SD, Baik MW. Transarterial coil embolization of a carotid-cavernous fistula which occurred during stent angioplasty. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2009; 151:849-53; discussion 853-4. [PMID: 19415171 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-009-0351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial endovascular procedures are less invasive and relatively safe; however, these procedures do carry a risk of complications, such as thromboembolization, arterial injury, and vessel occlusion. We present a case of carotid-cavernous fistula development secondary to injury of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during stent angioplasty and its treatment by transarterial coil embolization. Probable causes of this complication and its treatment method are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case.
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Duong CN, Schlenk D, Chang NI, Kim SD. The effect of particle size on the bioavailability of estrogenic chemicals from sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:395-401. [PMID: 19361834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of particle size on the bioavailability of estrogenic chemicals in the sediments from the Yeongsan River and its tributaries in South Korea were evaluated for 2006 and 2007. Samples for chemical analysis and bioassays were collected from 6 sampling sites during both dry and rainy seasons. The pore water of the sediment samples was extracted, and estrogenic chemicals were eluted using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. Concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), bisphenol A (BPA), estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and genistein (Gen) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To evaluate bioavailability, hepatic vitellogenin (Vtg) concentrations of male Japanese medaka were measured after exposure to the sediment or its fractions for 7d. NP, BPA and E2 were detected in all the sediment sample extracts from the Yeongsan River and its tributaries. The concentrations of NP in the sedimentary samples ranged from 60 to 400 ngg(-1) on a dry weight basis. Similarly, OP and E2 were detected in nearly all the sediment extracts, with concentrations of 13 and 26 ngg(-1), respectively. According to the bioassay test results, all the sediment samples significantly induced Vtg in male fish after 7d of exposure. Fractionation of sediments into different size-classes (i.e., particle size >1 microm, particle size <1 microm) eliminated bioavailable estrogenic activity, but fine particles of less than 1microm in size increased the absorption of E2 from E2-amended sediment particle fractions. Consequently, the study suggested that the presence of particles and its interaction in the water environment might change the bioavailability of estrogenic chemicals.
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Na HS, Kim JT, Kim HS, Bahk JH, Kim CS, Kim SD. Practical anatomic landmarks for determining the insertion depth of central venous catheter in paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:820-3. [PMID: 19380312 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methods have been recommended to decide a proper insertion depth of central venous catheter (CVC). The carina is recommended as a useful target level for the CVC tip position. We evaluated the sternal head of a right clavicle and the nipples as anatomic landmarks for determining the optimal depth of CVC in paediatric patients. METHODS Ninety children, <5 yr, undergoing catheterization through the right internal jugular vein were enrolled. The insertion depth was determined as follows. The insertion point was designated as 'Point I'. The sternal head of the right clavicle was called 'Point A' and the midpoint of the perpendicular line drawn from Point A to the line connecting both nipples was called 'Point B'. The insertion depth of CVC was determined by adding the two distances (from I to A and from A to B) and subtracting 0.5 cm from this. A chest radiography was taken and the distance of the CVC tip from the carina level was measured by the Picture Archiving and Communicating System. RESULTS The mean distance of the CVC tip from the carina level was 0.1 (1.0) (P=0.293) cm above the carina (95% CI 0.1 cm below the carina-0.3 cm above the carina). There was no specific relationship between the distance of the CVC tip from the carina level and the patients' age, height, and weight. CONCLUSIONS The CVC tip could be placed near the carina by using the external landmarks without any formulae, images, and devices in children in our study.
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Lee J, Park JH, Shin YS, Lee BC, Chang NI, Cho J, Kim SD. Effect of dissolved organic matter on the growth of algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, in Korean lakes: the importance of complexation reactions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:335-343. [PMID: 18313752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dissolved organic ligands, such as EDTA, humic acids, hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM), on the growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in cultured media and natural lake waters. The growth of algae was gradually increased on the addition of dissolved organic ligands, but markedly declined at high concentrations, due to reduced bioavailable iron concentrations (e.g., Fe3+ and Fe'--inorganic ferric iron). The results demonstrated that the high growth rates of P. subcapitata were correlated with the hydrophobic, but not hydrophilic, DOM from five lakes, spiked under the nutrients-controlled conditions. This was attributed to the role of DOM in controlling the bioavailable iron due to complexation of Fe(III) with -COOH and -OH functional groups on the hydrophobic DOM. Therefore, the hydrophobic DOM, as chelating agent, is a biologically important component in the lake waters, which affects the algal growth by interacting with bioavailable iron in the lake water and can change the results of bioassay experiments.
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Chung NT, Ra JS, Park K, Kim DW, Kim SD. Toxicity of artificial runoff fostered with dry deposition particulates from industrial, commercial, and highway area in Gwangju, Korea. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2009; 59:2227-2235. [PMID: 19494463 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of rainwater and artificial urban runoff (an imitation of urban runoff during rainfall event) were investigated using a battery of bioassays employing three test species. Urban dusts were collected at three representative sites; commercial, industrial and highway areas. The water quality parameters of rainwater and artificial runoff revealed low hardness (23.4 approximately 34.2 mg*L(-1) as CaCO(3)) and alkalinity (7.0 approximately 34.2 mg*L(-1) as CaCO(3)). High toxicities were observed in the bioassays for the artificial runoffs. The average toxic units for D. magna, S. capricornutum, and O. latipes were 1.26(+/-0.84), 1.34(+/-1.10) and 2.05(+/-1.08), respectively. Of these species, O. latipes revealed significantly higher toxicity compared to D. magna and S. capricornutum (p < 0.05). Embryo lesions were observed with 6.25% treatments, and these significantly increased at 12.5% treatments (p < 0.05). The EC(50) values for each artificial runoff were 22.5, 22.6 and 25.4% for commercial, industrial and highway areas, respectively. With 12.5% treatment, significant delays in hatching times were observed (p < 0.05); all embryos tested did not hatched at 100% treatment. Similarly, a significant decrease in hatching success was observed at every sampling point from 25% treatment (p < 0.05). The adverse effects of artificial runoff on the three test species suggests that urban surface runoff can cause significant impairment in aquatic ecosystems.
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Park JH, Mamun MIR, Choi JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Assayed ME, Choi WJ, Yoon KS, Han SS, Kim HK, Park BJ, Kim KS, Kim SD, Choi HG, Shim JH. Development of a multiresidue method for the determination of multiclass pesticides in soil using GC. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 24:893-901. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kim JT, Na HS, Bae JY, Kim DW, Kim HS, Kim CS, Kim SD. GlideScope video laryngoscope: a randomized clinical trial in 203 paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 2008; 101:531-4. [PMID: 18689807 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GlideScope intubating device has been reported to provide a comparable or superior laryngoscopic view compared with direct laryngoscopy in adults. This study compared the use of the GlideScope with direct laryngoscopy for the laryngoscopic view and intubation time in children. METHODS The laryngoscopic view in 203 children was scored using both the Macintosh laryngoscope and the GlideScope using Cormack and Lehane (C&L) grades. After scoring each laryngoscopic view with and without BURP, the patients were randomly allocated to two groups. The trachea was intubated using direct laryngoscopy (Group DL, n=100) or the GlideScope (Group GS, n=103). We compared C&L grades for the two views in the same patient, and also the time to intubate for each group. RESULTS The GlideScope improved the view without BURP in the patients with C&L grade 2 (16/26, P<0.01) and with C&L grades 3 and 4 (7/11, P<0.05). The view with BURP was also improved by the GlideScope in C&L grade 2 (4/9, P<0.05) and with C&L grades 3 and 4 (4/5, P=0.059). The mean time for tracheal intubation was 36.0 (17.9) s in the GS group and 23.8 (13.9) s in the DL group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In children, the GlideScope provided a laryngoscopic view equal to or better than that of direct laryngoscopy but required a longer time for intubation.
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Roh SA, Kim SD. Sulphation Characteristics of Paper Sludge Ash. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450850210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim SW, Kim HT, Song PS, Kang Y, Kim SD. Liquid Dispersion and Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in Three-Phase Inverse Fluidized Beds. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450810338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim TW, Choi JH, Shun DW, Jung B, Kim SS, Son JE, Kim SD, Grace JR. Wastage Rate of Water Walls in a Commercial Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450840606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Park JY, Lee BC, Ra JS, Lee J, Kim SD. Effect of copper complexation on the estrogenic activities of endocrine-disrupting compounds using E-screen bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2008; 27:535-541. [PMID: 17983274 DOI: 10.1897/07-316.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The complexation reaction between Cu and four targeted endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs)-17beta-estradiol (E2), 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2), 4-octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA)-was studied using the fluorescence quenching method, with the changed EDC forms evaluated for their estrogenic activities using an E-screen assay. The results of the E-screen showed no estrogenic activity of Cu, whereas results with the EDCs indicated high cell proliferation (decreasing order of induction: E2, EE2, OP, and BPA). The results of the fluorescence quenching response and FTIR (Fourier transformation infrared) strongly support the formation of Cu complexes on the -OH functional group of the targeted EDCs when Cu was spiked at concentrations between 10(-7) and 10(-4) M. The degree of complexation was in the following order: E2, EE2, OP, and BPA. The E-screen result for three of the EDCs, with the exception of BPA, was similar when estimating the effects of Cu on the estrogenic activities of the EDCs, which were significantly reduced at alpha = 0.05 with increasing Cu concentration. Consequently, the results of the complexation reaction and E-screen assay with the Cu-EDC mixtures indicated that Cu plays a significant role in the assessment of the estrogenic activities of EDCs in natural waters.
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Ra JS, Lee BC, Chang NI, Kim SD. Comparative whole effluent toxicity assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluents using Daphnia magna. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2008; 80:196-200. [PMID: 18193142 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An approach to compare the toxicities employing the whole effluent toxicity (WET) test, using Daphnia magna and chemical analysis with GC/MS and ICP/MS, was conducted to the nine South Korean wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). From the chemical analysis and bioassay experiments, heavy metals (i.e., Cu and Zn) were found to be the major compounds causing toxic effects toward D. magna. In the whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests using D. magna, toxicities were observed in 34% of the effluent samples. However, the biological toxic unit (TU) value showed a non-toxic response (i.e., 0 TU) in many samples despite the response indicated by the chemical TU values. This may be due to the species sensitivity, environmental parameters, mixture effects, and limitation of the chemical analyses.
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Ra JS, Oh SY, Lee BC, Kim SD. The effect of suspended particles coated by humic acid on the toxicity of pharmaceuticals, estrogens, and phenolic compounds. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:184-92. [PMID: 17765969 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The sorption characteristics of 10 organic chemicals, categorized as pharmaceuticals, estrogens and phenols, onto synthetic suspended particle (i.e., alumina) coated with humic acid were investigated according to their octanol-water partition coefficient (K(ow)). Chemical analyses were performed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of particles on the toxicity reduction were evaluated using bioassay tests, using Daphnia magna and Vibrio fisheri for phenols and pharmaceuticals, and the human breast cancer cell MCF-7 for estrogens. Sorption studies revealed that 22 and 38% of octylphenol and pentachlorophenol, respectively, were removed by suspended particle, whereas 2,4-dichlorophenol was not removed, which was directly proportional to the logK(ow) value. Similar to the sorption tests, suspended particles significantly reduced the acute toxicities of octylphenol and pentachlorophenol to D. magna and V. fisheri (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference in the toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenol to D. magna (p=0.8374). Pharmaceuticals, such as ibuprofen, gemfibrozil and tolfenamic acid, showed no discernible sorption to the suspended particle, with the exception of diclofenac, which revealed 11% sorption. For estrogens, such as estrone, 17beta-estradiol and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol, the results indicated no reduction in the sorption test. This may be attributed to the polar interaction by functional groups in sorption between pharmaceuticals and estrogens and suspended particles. In the bioassays, presence of suspended particles did not significantly modify the toxicity of pharmaceuticals (regardless of their K(ow) values) to D. magna, V. fisheri or E-screen.
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Jeon J, Kim JH, Lee BC, Kim SD. Development of a new biomonitoring method to detect the abnormal activity of Daphnia magna using automated Grid Counter device. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 389:545-556. [PMID: 17961634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a biological early warning system (BEWS), equipped with six monitoring channels to individually observe the activity of Daphnia magna, using a digital 'Grid Counter', which would trigger an alarm within an appropriate time, and examine the functional performance of the newly developed BEWS for detecting unusual water quality. In order to detect the changes in the activity of D. magna, six relative activity parameter values (Z(a)) were computed from the 6 individual monitoring channels; with the activity data for D. magna calculated every 5 min. The Student's t-test was used to verify the difference between the mean value of the system in a steady state, as a control, and the exposure values during a sudden pollution event. The test results illustrate that the threshold value for the alarm can be at p=0.0093 for 3 consecutive detections. The time period, defined as the average time taken from the detection of hyper to retarded activity of the organism, for Cu concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppb were 7.17+/-1.75, 3.94+/-2.02, 1.85+/-0.49 and 1.00+/-0.18 h, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it is proposed that p values from the t-test, with Z(a), are more accurate, stable and predictable parameters for the detection of chemical exposures than the other values, such as the swimming speed and trajectory, etc. Consequently, it would be possible to reduce the number of false alarms and achieve confidence for a system, with the ability of highly accurate detection, such as with the six-channel monitoring system developed in this study.
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Kim JT, Jeon SY, Kim CS, Kim SD, Kim HS. Alternative method for predicting optimal insertion depth of the laryngeal tube in children. Br J Anaesth 2007; 99:704-7. [PMID: 17724391 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available about the accuracy of the teeth mark on the laryngeal tube (LT) as a guide to correct placement in children. The aim of this crossover study was to evaluate three methods for optimal insertion depth of the size (#) 2 tube in children weighing 12-25 kg. METHOD In 24 children, the LT #2 was consecutively inserted by three different methods: (A) until the thick teeth mark on the tube was aligned with the upper incisors, (B) until resistance was felt, and (C) by inserting to a depth, previously measured, of the curved distance between the cricoid cartilage and the upper incisor. In each case, the depth of insertion, the degree of effective ventilation, the presence of leakage, and the fibreoptic view were assessed. RESULTS Insertion based on the teeth mark led to a shorter insertion depth and a greater incidence of inadequate ventilation compared with the other two methods. There was no difference in the adequacy of ventilation between methods B and C. The vocal cords were more easily identified with methods B (62.5%) and C (75%) than with method A (12.5%). CONCLUSIONS Insertion of the LT #2 aligned with the teeth mark can result in a shallow insertion depth and inadequate ventilation. The measured distance from the cricoid cartilage to the upper incisor offers alternative guidance for correct LT insertion.
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Ra JS, Kim SD, Chang NI, An KG. Ecological health assessments based on whole effluent toxicity tests and the index of biological integrity in temperate streams influenced by wastewater treatment plant effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2007; 26:2010-8. [PMID: 17705646 DOI: 10.1897/06-542r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests and ecosystem health assessments, based on test guidelines of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and index of biological integrity (IBI), were conducted on various streams located in Youngsan River watershed, Korea. The WET tests showed that about 33 and 82% of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) exhibited significant toxicity to Daphnia magna and Selenastrum capricornutum, respectively. Small WWTPs with low discharge volumes contributed less than 1% to the total stream toxicity. Fish community compositions and trophic guild analysis showed that the diversity index was greater in the control than in impacted streams, and the proportion of omnivore species was less in the control. Also, ecosystem health assessments, based on the IBI, showed distinct differences between the control and impacted sites of WWTPs. Model values of the IBI, based on 12 stream data sets, averaged 28, which is judged as a fair to poor condition according to the U.S. EPA criteria. The mean IBI in the control sites was 42, indicating good stream condition, whereas the impacted sites was scored 21, indicating poor condition. Overall, WET tests and ecosystem health assessments suggested the WWTP effluents had evident toxic effects on the biota, and impacted the species compositions and trophic guilds, resulting in degradation of the stream ecosystem health.
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Ra JS, Kim HK, Chang NI, Kim SD. Whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests on wastewater treatment plants with Daphnia magna and Selenastrum capricornutum. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 129:107-13. [PMID: 17106776 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests, with Daphnia magna and Selenastrum capricornutum, were introduced to evaluate the biological toxicities of effluents from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Korea. In WET tests of WWTPs effluents, 33.3% (33/99) for D. magna and 92.6% (75/81) for S. capricornutum revealed greater than 1 toxic unit (TU), even though all the treatment plants investigated were operating in compliance with the regulations, as assessed using conventional monitoring methods (i.e., BOD and total concentration of N or P, etc). There were only minor differences in toxicities according to the types of influents (municipal and agro-industrial) in all treatment plants. However, the effluents treated by an activated sludge treatment process were found to exhibit significantly lower toxicity than those treated by rotating biological contactor (RBC) and extended aeration processes. The seasonal variations in the toxicity were lower in the summer compared to winter, which may have been due to the rainfall received to the sewage intake system during the former period. The impact of WET on river water was also investigated based on the discharge volume. At sites A and B, the total impact of toxicity to stream and river waters was observed to be 70.9% and 90.4% for D. magna and S. capricornutum, respectively. The other four small treatment plants (sites F, G, H and I), with relative discharging volumes between 0.001 and 0.002, contribute less than 1% to the total toxicity.
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Park J, Park JY, Kim SH, Lim DJ, Kim SD, Chung HS. Long term results from percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy on posterior primary ramus in patients with chronic low back pain. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2007; 99:81-3. [PMID: 17370770 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-35205-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report on our experience of percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy (PRN) on the posterior primary ramus (PPR) with at least two years follow-up. METHODS 228 patients underwent PRN on the PPR for refractory low back pain. 128 patients met the inclusion criteria of facetal originated pain (group II), while 100 patients did not (group I). Radiofrequency (RF) procedures were applied in the usual manner. Pain relief was assessed at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 2 years using visual analog scale (VAS). FINDINGS Positive responders were 56% at 1 week, 46% at 1 month, 18% at 6 months, and 13% at 2 years after PRN in group I, and 78.9% at 1 week, 75.4% at 1 month, 62.5% at 6 months, and 54.7% at 2 years in group II. Prominent local tenderness, percussion tenderness, pain on getting up, extension and transitional movement, radiating pain on buttock and/or posterior thigh, and good immediate response were found to be significantly related to good outcome. CONCLUSION PRN on the PPR has long-term beneficial effects. Long-term good results can be achieved after proper selection of patients with facet joint related low back pain.
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Park JY, Kim SD, Park J, Lim DJ, Lee HK, Chung HS. A new and simple transection knife for study of neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration in animal model. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2007; 99:145-50. [PMID: 17370782 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-35205-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to design and make a simple, inexpensive brain knife that could produce consistent results following transection in animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS After testing various materials including commercially available products, microelectrode recording needles as used in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery were selected as ideal candidates. They were modified to serve as type of wire-knife for the purposes of study. For this study, the major pathway for dopaminergic neuron from substantia nigra to striatum was selected for transection. A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 8 groups; normal, 1-4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks post-transection. Degree of cell death was determined and surviving neurons were counted by means of fluorescent microscopic examination, immunohistochemistry involving tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive staining, and mapping to verify complete transection. RESULTS Compared to control, percentage of remaining neurons in each group was 61.3, 36.8, 29.9, 5.1, 5.9, 7.0%, respectively. Completeness of lesion was correlated with the absence of TH-immunoreactivity in the striatum. CONCLUSION Our model seems to provide complete cell death in early period after transection with consistent results. Thus, this type of brain knife can be very handy, without any extra cost, in any research model involving transection of fiber bundle for studies on neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration.
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Kim HK, Lee BC, Kim SD, Kamei T, Magara Y. Rapid and comprehensive indicator for evaluation of performance of treatment processes and of river waters. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2007; 55:315-20. [PMID: 17305155 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2007.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring UV active compounds, commonly present in almost all source waters, can be rapidly monitored by their ultraviolet absorbance at 260 nm (E260). Herein, the extent of correlation between the E260 and the removal efficiency of the hazardous contaminants, endocrine disrupters and dioxins, were investigated using various treatment and river source waters. The detection of various types of hazardous contaminants using sophisticated analytical methods, such as high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC)/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/inductively coupled plasma (ICP)/mass spectrometry (MS), as well as various short-term bioassays, can require hours or even days for results to be obtained. The removal of the E260 correlated well with those of individual contaminants, such as endocrine disruptor chemicals and dioxins, with the various treatment processes employed. In the plots of the endocrine disrupters against the DOC/E260, a correlation was found with the endocrine activity of the Korean/Japanese river waters employed in this study.
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