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Cho SH, Park EJ, Kim EO, Choi SW. Study on the hypochlolesterolemic and antioxidative effects of tyramine derivatives from the root bark of Lycium chenese Miller. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:412-20. [PMID: 22125678 PMCID: PMC3221826 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect and potential of tyramine derivatives from Lycii Cortex Radicis (LCR), the root bark of lycium (Lycium chenese Miller) in reducing lipid peroxidation. The activities of enzymes, hepatic 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and LDL oxidation were measured in vitro and animal experiments were also performed by feeding LCR extracts to rats. The test compounds employed for in vitro study were trans-N-p-coumaroyltyramine (CT) and trans-N-feruloyltyramine (FT), LCR components, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS) from safflower seeds, ferulic acid (FA) and 10-gingerol. It was observed that FT and FS at the concentration of 1.2 mg/mL inhibited liver microsomal HMG CoA reductase activity by ~40%, but no inhibition of activity was seen in the cases of CT, CS, FA and 10-gingerol. Whereas, ACAT activity was inhibited ~50% by FT and CT, 34-43% by FS and CS and ~80% by 10-gingerol at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. A significant delay in LDL oxidation was induced by CT, FT, and 10-gingerol. For the animal experiment, five groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed high fat diets containing no test material (HF-control), 1 and 2% of LCR ethanol extract (LCR1 and LCR2), and 1% of extracts from safflower seed (Saf) and ginger (Gin). The results indicated that total cholesterol level was significantly lower in Saf, LCR2 and Gin groups, and HDL cholesterol level was lower only in Gin group when compared with HF-control group; while there was no difference in the serum triglyceride levels among the five experimental groups. The level of liver cholesterol was significantly lower in LCR1 and LCR2 groups than HF-control. Serum levels of TBARS were significantly lower only in LCR2 group when compared with HF-control group. From the observed results, we concluded that LCR can be utilized as a hypocholesterolemic ingredient in combination with ginger, especially for functional foods.
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Lee SH, Shim HS, Cho SH, Kim SY, Lee SK, Son JY, Jung JY, Kim EY, Lim JE, Lee KJ, Park BH, Kang YA, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Park MS. Prognostic factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: clinical, physiologic, pathologic, and molecular aspects. SARCOIDOSIS, VASCULITIS, AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF WASOG 2011; 28:102-112. [PMID: 22117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies identified clinical and physiologic factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) that are related to an increased risk of mortality. But there are few studies about histologic and molecular approach. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether the C-reactive protein (CRP), fibroblastic foci, phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3), tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), TGF-beta receptor II (TbetaRII), and the polymorphism of the TGF-beta1 codon 10 are associated with the progression of IPF patients. DESIGN Eighty-six IPF patients who underwent surgical lung biopsies were examined. For each patient, clinical and physiologic parameters were investigated, and we performed immunohistochemical staining for p-Smad2/3 and TbetaRII, and genotyping of the TGF-beta1 codon 10 polymorphism. RESULTS Age at diagnosis, gender, symptom duration, and smoking status did not show a significant association. However, the amount of smoking (p = 0.002), severe reduction in the percentages of predicted forced vital capacity (p = 0.013) and diffusion lung capacity of carbon monoxide (p = 0.023), CRP (p = 0.009) at diagnosis, and fibroblastic foci (p = 0.026) were associated with a poor prognosis. Cellularity, fibrosis, expression level of p-Smad2/3 and TbetaRII, and genotype of the TGF-beta1 codon 10 polymorphism did not have a statistically significant association with the prognosis. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the amount of smoking, abrupt decrease in follow-up pulmonary function parameters, fibroblastic foci, and increased levels of CRP concentration at diagnosis were significantly associated with poor survival. Larger studies are required to confirm all prognostic factors including CRP.
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Choi MH, Moon JY, Cho SH, Chung BC, Lee EJ. Metabolic alteration of urinary steroids in pre- and post-menopausal women, and men with papillary thyroid carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:342. [PMID: 21824401 PMCID: PMC3199870 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the metabolic changes in urinary steroids in pre- and post-menopausal women and men with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS Quantitative steroid profiling combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure the urinary concentrations of 84 steroids in both pre- (n = 21, age: 36.95 ± 7.19 yr) and post-menopausal female (n = 19, age: 52.79 ± 7.66 yr), and male (n = 16, age: 41.88 ± 8.48 yr) patients with PTC. After comparing the quantitative data of the patients with their corresponding controls (pre-menopause women: n = 24, age: 33.21 ± 10.48 yr, post-menopause women: n = 16, age: 49.67 ± 8.94 yr, male: n = 20, age: 42.75 ± 4.22 yr), the levels of steroids in the patients were normalized to the mean concentration of the controls to exclude gender and menopausal variations. RESULTS Many urinary steroids were up-regulated in all PTC patients compared to the controls. Among them, the levels of three active androgens, androstenedione, androstenediol and 16α-hydroxy DHEA, were significantly higher in the pre-menopausal women and men with PTC. The corticoid levels were increased slightly in the PTC men, while progestins were not altered in the post-menopausal PTC women. Estrogens were up-regulated in all PTC patients but 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxy-17β-estradiol were remarkably changed in both pre-menopausal women and men with PTC. For both menopausal and gender differences, the 2-hydroxylation, 4-hydroxylation, 2-methoxylation, and 4-methoxylation of estrogens and 16α-hydroxylation of DHEA were differentiated between pre- and post-menopausal PTC women (P < 0.001). In particular, the metabolic ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 2-hydroxy-17β-estradiol, which could reveal the enzyme activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, showed gender differences in PTC patients (P < 1 × 10-7). CONCLUSIONS These results are expected be helpful for better understanding the pathogenic differences in PTC according to gender and menopausal conditions.
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Hong SS, Khan W, Shin YH, Cho SH, Ahn BY, Chung JW, Woo SY. The study of new vacuum pressure measurement technique using ultrasonic acoustic impedance transducers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:075111. [PMID: 21806231 DOI: 10.1063/1.3615310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic sensors of 500 kHz frequency have been used to study the measuring of gas pressure in the range 1.33 × 10(3)-2.026 × 10(5) Pa. From the experimental data it was observed that amplitude of the transmitted ultrasound was dependent on gas pressure. The results confirm that by using appropriate instruments including sensors and electronic devices, pressure of the gas can be successfully measured by measuring the magnitude of the received signal. The proposed method is expected to be applied to develop as new vacuum pressure measurement instrument.
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Cho SH, Jang JH, Yoon JY, Han CD, Choi Y, Choi SW. Effects of a safflower tea supplement on antioxidative status and bone markers in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:20-7. [PMID: 21487492 PMCID: PMC3061265 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted this study to examine the effects of safflower seed granular tea containing physiologically active polyphenols on antioxidative activities and bone metabolism. Forty postmenopausal women ages 49 to 64-years were recruited from Daegu and Gyeongbuk and were randomly assigned to either a safflower tea supplement (Saf-tea) group (n = 27) or a placebo group (n = 13). The Saf-tea group received 20 g of safflower seed granule tea per day containing a 13% ethanol extract of defatted safflower seeds, whereas the placebo group received a similar type of tea that lacked the ethanol extract. No significant changes in nutrient intake for either the placebo or Saf-tea groups were observed before or after the study period, except vitamin A intake increased after 6 months in the Saf-tea group. Dietary phytoestrogen intakes were similar in the Saf-tea group (60.3 mg) and placebo group (52.5 mg). Significant increases in plasma genistein and enterolactone were observed in the Saf-tea group. After 6 months of supplementation, serum levels of antioxidant vitamins such as α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid increased significantly, and TBARS levels decreased in the Saf-tea group compared to the placebo group. Serum osteocalcin levels were reduced (P < 0.05) in the Saf-tea group after 6 months, whereas serum osteocalcin did not change in the placebo group. Urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine excretion was not different between the two groups at baseline, and did not change in either group after 6 months. Bone mineral density decreased significantly in the placebo group (P < 0.01) but not in the supplemented group. It was concluded that polyphenols (72 mg/day), including serotonin derivatives, in the Saf-tea had both antioxidant and potential bone protecting effects in postmenopausal women without liver toxicity.
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Kim SH, Park SY, Cui J, Lee JH, Cho SH, Chae WS, Jin HC, Hwang KH. Peripheral venous pressure as an alternative to central venous pressure in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:305-11. [PMID: 21258073 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral venous pressure (PVP) is strongly correlated with central venous pressure (CVP) during various surgeries. Laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum typically increases CVP. To determine whether PVP convincingly reflects changes in CVP, we evaluated the correlation between PVP and CVP in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. METHODS Both CVP and PVP were measured simultaneously at predetermined time intervals during elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery in 42 patients without cardiac disease. The pairs of venous pressure measurements were analysed for correlation, and the Bland-Altman plots of repeated measures were used to evaluate the agreement between CVP and PVP. RESULTS A total of 420 data pairs were obtained. The overall mean CVP was 11.3 (sd 4.5) mm Hg, which was significantly lower than the measured PVP of mean 12.1 (4.5) mm Hg (P=0.005). There was a strong positive correlation between overall CVP and PVP (correlation coefficient=0.96, P<0.0001). The mean bias (PVP-CVP) corrected for repeated measurements using random-effects modelling was 0.9 mm Hg [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54-1.19 mm Hg] with 95% limits of agreement of -1.2 mm Hg (95% CI -1.75 to -0.62 mm Hg) to 2.9 mm Hg (95% CI 2.35-3.48 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS PVP displays a strong correlation and agreement with CVP under the increased intrathoracic pressure of pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position and may be used as an alternative to CVP in patients without cardiac disease undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
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Kim JH, Park BL, Cheong HS, Pasaje CFA, Bae JS, Park JS, Jang AS, Uh ST, Choi JS, Kim YH, Kim MK, Choi IS, Cho SH, Choi BW, Koh IS, Park CS, Shin HD. Variations in the STK10 gene and possible associations with aspirin-intolerant asthma in a Korean population. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21:378-388. [PMID: 21905501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lymphocyte-oriented kinase deficiency encoded by the serine/threonine kinase 10 (STK10) gene correlates with the intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)/lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) complex in aspirin hypersensitivity. This study investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of STK10 and aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA). METHODS A total of 54 SNPs were genotyped in 163 AIA patients and 429 aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) controls. RESULTS Logistic regression revealed that a synonymous variant (rs2306961G>A) had the most significant association with AIA (P = .008 under the codominant model; P = .004 under the dominant model), suggesting that tissue-specific codon usage between Lys_TTT and Lys_CTT could play a role in regulating expression of STK10 in airway epithelium. Haplotype analysis revealed that 4 haplotypes, including STK10_BL4-ht1, which is unique to rs2306961G>A, were significantly associated with aspirin hypersensitivity in asthmatics (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Although replications in independent cohorts and further functional evaluations are needed, our preliminary findings suggest that STK10 polymorphisms might be susceptible genetic markers of AIA and that gene expression could be mediated by tissue-specific codon usage.
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Cho SH, Loecken EM, Guengerich FP. Mutagenicity of a glutathione conjugate of butadiene diepoxide. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1544-6. [PMID: 20879737 DOI: 10.1021/tx100304f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the important commodity chemical 1,3-butadiene are attributed to the epoxide products. We confirmed our previous work showing that expression of rat glutathione (GSH) transferase 5-5 enhances the mutagenicity of butadiene diepoxide in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. A GSH-butadiene diepoxide conjugate was isolated and fully characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance as S-(2-hydroxy-3,4-epoxybutyl)GSH. The conjugate had a t(½) of 2.6 h (pH 7.4, 37 °C) and was considerably more mutagenic than butadiene diepoxide or monoepoxide in S. typhimurium. We propose that the GSH conjugate may be a major species involved in butadiene genotoxicity, not a detoxication product.
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Oh SY, Park JU, Zheng T, Kim YK, Wu F, Cho SH, Barber D, Penninger J, Zhu Z. Cbl-b regulates airway mucosal tolerance to aeroallergen. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 41:434-42. [PMID: 20738317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a molecular adaptor, Cbl-b controls the activation threshold of the antigen receptor and negatively regulates CD28 costimulation, functioning as an intrinsic mediator of T cell anergy that maintains tolerance. However, the role of Cbl-b in the airway immune response to aeroallergens is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of Cbl-b in tolerance to aeroallergens, we examined ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammation in Cbl-b-deficient mice. METHODS Cbl-b(-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA intranasally, a procedure normally tolerated by WT mice. We analysed lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total cell counts and differential, cytokines and chemokines in the airway, and cytokine response by lymphocytes after re-stimulation by OVA antigen. RESULTS Compared with WT mice, OVA-challenged Cbl-b(-/-) mice showed significantly increased neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltration in the lung and mucus hyperplasia. The serum levels of IgG2a and IgG1, but not IgE, were increased. The levels of inflammatory mediators IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, eotaxin, and RANTES, but not IL-17A or IL-6, were elevated in the airway of Cbl-b(-/-) mice. Lymphocytes from Cbl-b(-/-) mice released increased amount of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, and IP-10 in response to OVA re-stimulation. However, no significant changes were noted in the CD4(+) CD25(+) T regulatory cell populations in the lung tissues after OVA stimulation and there was no difference between WT and Cbl-b(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that Cbl-b deficiency leads to a breakdown of tolerance to OVA allergen in the murine airways, probably through increased activation of T effector cells, indicating that Cbl-b is a critical factor in maintaining lung homeostasis upon environmental exposure to aeroallergens.
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Jones BL, Cho SH. WE-E-204B-03: Feasibility of Bench-Top Polychromatic Cone-Beam X-Ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT) for In-Phantom Detection of Gold Nanoparticles. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sivakumar S, Song YC, Park IS, Cho SH, Lee CY, Kim BG. Short-term influence of phosphate and nitrate on heavy metal accumulation by red alga Acrosorium uncinatum. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 165:449-460. [PMID: 19421882 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb) in common marine macroalga, Acrosorium uncinatum under nutrient (phosphate and nitrate) enriched (experiment 1) and starved (experiment 2) conditions over a short exposure period (12 h) were examined in this study. Control was maintained in seawater contained nutrient solution without addition of metals and in seawater alone for experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Among the four metals studied, the accumulation of Zn, Ni, and Pb was considerably lower than Cu. The accumulation factor for all metals varies greatly in different nutrient concentrations, but it increases as the exposure of metal concentration decreases in both the experiments. The results of the present findings established that this macroalga is an accumulator of metals Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb and have the potential to accumulate these metals even in a short time exposure period (12 h). Even though metal accumulation by A. uncinatum largely depends on the available concentration in the medium, nutrients like phosphate and nitrate can affect the accumulation significantly.
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Cho SH, Kim J, Park BY, Seong PN, Kang GH, Kim JH, Jung SG, Im SK, Kim DH. Assessment of meat quality properties and development of a palatability prediction model for Korean Hanwoo steer beef. Meat Sci 2010; 86:236-42. [PMID: 20584575 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Effects of the Korean carcass-grading system on carcass traits and meat quality parameters for the longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were investigated for Hanwoo steer beef. High quality grade beef cuts had significantly higher intramuscular fat content than those of low quality grade beef cuts. To establish a guaranteed system of eating quality for Hanwoo steer beef, a palatability prediction model was developed. The model development approach used canonical discriminant analysis and multivariate regression to assess effects of muscle type, cooking method, and aging treatment on Hanwoo beef quality grade. The palatability prediction model can provide Korean consumers with detailed information about expected eating quality for an individual cut, as well as provide critical information to the industry for maintaining high-quality beef production. The model is a significant advance in grading compared with the traditional carcass grading system, which applies a single quality grade to an entire carcass.
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Hwang SY, Cho SH, Cho DY, Lee M, Choo J, Jung KH, Maeng JH, Chai YG, Yoon WJ, Lee EK. Time-lapse, single cell based confocal imaging analysis of caspase activation and phosphatidylserine flipping during cellular apoptosis. Biotech Histochem 2010; 86:181-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10520291003648367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Khandelwal A, Cho SH, Marella H, Sakata Y, Perroud PF, Pan A, Quatrano RS. Role of ABA and ABI3 in desiccation tolerance. Science 2010; 327:546. [PMID: 20110497 DOI: 10.1126/science.1183672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We show in bryophytes that abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment of moss (Physcomitrella patens) cells confers desiccation tolerance. In angiosperms, both ABA and the transcriptional regulator ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) are required to protect the seed during desiccation. ABA was not able to protect moss cells in stable deletion lines of ABI3 (DeltaPpabi3). Hence, moss has the same functional link between ABA, ABI3, and the desiccation tolerance phenotype that is found in angiosperms. Furthermore, we identified 22 genes that were induced during ABA pretreatment in wild-type lines. When their expression was compared with that of DeltaPpabi3 during ABA pretreatment and immediately after desiccation, a new target of ABI3 action appears to be in the recovery period.
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Lee SH, Kim KY, Ryu SY, Yoon Y, Hahm DH, Kang SA, Cho SH, Lim JS, Moon EY, Yoon SR, Lee HG, Yoon DY, Yang Y. Asarone inhibits adipogenesis and stimulates lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2010; 56 Suppl:OL1215-OL1222. [PMID: 20158974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Asarone is a molecule found in certain plants such as Acorus calamus, the root of which is used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. We determined the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic activity of asarone. Treatment of asarone significantly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through suppression of expression of the transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma, which activate adipogenesis. Intracellular triglyceride levels were reduced by asarone in a dose-dependent manner and asarone treatment stimulated the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase. Together, the present findings indicate that asarone inhibits adipogenesis by down-regulation of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha and reduces lipid accumulation by stimulation of lipolysis through an increase in hormone-sensitive lipase activity.
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Cho SH, Choi MH, Sim WY, Lee WY, Chung BC. Metabolic alterations of DHEA and cholesterol sulphates in the hair of patients with acne measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:694-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kim HJ, Choi SW, Cho SH. Effects of Various Mulberry Products on the Blood Glucose and Lipid Status of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4163/kjn.2010.43.6.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cho SH, Chung KS, Choi JH, Kim DH, Lee KT. Compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, induces apoptosis via caspase-8-dependent pathway in HL-60 human leukemia cells. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:449. [PMID: 20017956 PMCID: PMC2806409 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound K [20-O-beta-(D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol], a metabolite of the protopanaxadiol-type saponins of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, has been reported to possess anti-tumor properties to inhibit angiogenesis and to induce tumor apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Compound K on apoptosis and explored the underlying mechanisms involved in HL-60 human leukemia cells. METHODS We examined the effect of Compound K on the viabilities of various cancer cell lines using MTT assays. DAPI assay, Annexin V and PI double staining, Western blot assay and immunoprecipitation were used to determine the effect of Compound K on the induction of apoptosis. RESULTS Compound K was found to inhibit the viability of HL-60 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with an IC50 of 14 muM. Moreover, this cell death had typical features of apoptosis, that is, DNA fragmentation, DNA ladder formation, and the externalization of Annexin V targeted phosphatidylserine residues in HL-60 cells. In addition, compound-K induced a series of intracellular events associated with both the mitochondrial- and death receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways, namely, (1) the activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9; (2) the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential; (3) the release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO to the cytosol; (4) the translocation of Bid and Bax to mitochondria; and (5) the downregulations of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Furthermore, a caspase-8 inhibitor completely abolished caspase-3 activation, Bid cleavage, and subsequent DNA fragmentation by Compound K. Interestingly, the activation of caspase-3 and -8 and DNA fragmentation were significantly prevented in the presence of cycloheximide, suggesting that Compound K-induced apoptosis is dependent on de novo protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that caspase-8 plays a key role in Compound K-stimulated apoptosis via the activation of caspase-3 directly or indirectly through Bid cleavage, cytochrome c release, and caspase-9 activation.
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Cho SH, Choi Y, Kim H, Seo S, Lee K, Yang H, Lee B. White Blood Cell Differential Count and Adnexal Mass Size Can Predict Potential Malignancies in Laparoscopic Surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2009.08.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Han JH, Park HS, Shin CI, Chang HM, Yun KE, Cho SH, Choi EY, Lee SY, Kim JH, Sung HN, Kim JH, Choi SI, Yoon YS, Lee ES, Song HR, Bae SC. Metabolic syndrome and quality of life (QOL) using generalised and obesity-specific QOL scales. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:735-41. [PMID: 19392923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) assessed using generalised and obesity-specific QOL instruments. METHODS We recruited 456 outpatients [age: 19-81 years, body mass index (BMI): 16.3-36.7 kg/m2] in the primary care division from 12 general hospitals in Korea. HRQOL was measured using EuroQol comprising the health states descriptive system (EQ-5D) and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) as a general instrument. The Korean Obesity-related QOL scale (KOQOL) composed of six domains was used as a disease-specific QOL instrument. MS was defined on the basis of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria with Korean-specific waist circumference cutoffs (men: 90 cm, women: 85 cm). RESULTS Subjects with MS displayed significantly higher impairment of EQ-5D and KOQOL. Binary logistic regression analysis of MS patients with controls for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, exercise, education, income, marital status and medication history disclosed odds ratio (OR) values of 2.13 (1.33-3.41) for impaired total KOQOL, 2.07 (1.31-3.27) for impaired physical health, 1.63 (1.03-2.60) for impaired work-related health, 2.42 (1.45-4.04) for impaired routine life, 2.08 (1.27-3.40) for impaired sexual life and 2.56 (1.59-4.11) for diet distress. Among the EQ-5D dimensions, only pain/discomfort displayed a significantly increased OR of 1.60 (1.01-2.56) in MS group. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with MS displayed a significantly impaired HRQOL compared with those without MS. MS and HRQOL were more strongly associated in obesity-specific QOL than in generalised QOL.
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Kho DH, Bae JA, Lee JH, Cho HJ, Cho SH, Lee JH, Seo YW, Ahn KY, Chung IJ, Kim KK. KITENIN recruits Dishevelled/PKC delta to form a functional complex and controls the migration and invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells. Gut 2009; 58:509-19. [PMID: 18653728 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.150938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS KITENIN was previously reported to promote metastasis in mouse colon tumour models; however, the signalling mechanism of KITENIN at the cellular level was unknown. Here the functional role of KITENIN with respect to colorectal cancer (CRC) cell invasion and its expression in CRC tissues were investigated. METHODS The effect of KITENIN on cell motility was analysed in a migration and invasion assay upon its overexpression and knockdown. Immunoprecipitation was used to elucidate binding partners, and immunohistochemistry was used to study expression levels. RESULTS KITENIN overexpression enhanced the migration of rat intestinal epithelial cells, whereas a loss of invasiveness was observed in CRC cells after KITENIN knockdown. Mechanically, KITENIN served as a scaffolding molecule that simultaneously recruited both Dishevelled (Dvl) and protein kinase C delta (PKC delta) through the membrane-spanning C-terminal region to form a complex that stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/activating protein-1 (AP-1) via a PKC delta component but also organised the actin filament via a Dvl component. The KITENIN complex controlled the invasiveness of CRC cells aetiologically harbouring various mutations in APC, beta-catenin or K-ras, in which AP-1 activation is redundant but the organisation of the actin filament is indispensable for cell motility. Clinically, KITENIN expression was significantly higher in colon cancer tissues from advanced stage (III, IV) than that of stage I CRC and also in corresponding metastatic tissues. CONCLUSIONS The functional KITENIN complex acts as an executor with regard to cell motility and thereby controls CRC cell invasion, which may contribute to promoting metastasis.
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Cho SH, Lee J, Choi MH, Lee WY, Chung BC. Determination of urinary androgen glucuronides by capillary electrophoresis with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:426-33. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cho SH, Choi MH, Kwon OS, Lee WY, Chung BC. Metabolic significance of bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress in rat urine measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:110-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jung MA, Yoon JY, Cho SH. Characteristics of Nutrient Intakes of Adults over 20 years in Daegu-Gyeongbuk - From the 1st to 3rd National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys -. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4163/kjn.2009.42.5.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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