76
|
Zheng DD, Liu ZH, Fang J, Wang XY, Zhang J. The effect of age and cerebral ischemia on diffusion-weighted proton MR spectroscopy of the human brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:563-8. [PMID: 22081680 PMCID: PMC7966455 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DW-MRS is a promising tool for the noninvasive identification of the cellular response to cerebral ischemia. To date, the potential confounding effects of aging and the stage of ischemia are unknown. We, therefore, examined the cross-sectional effects of age and different stages of cerebral ischemia on the diffusion of brain metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ADCs of 3 major metabolites, including Cho, Cr, and NAA were measured by DW-MRS in healthy younger (n = 26, 24 ± 2.2 years of age) and older (n = 17, 63 ± 7.0 years of age) adults, as well as in patients with acute (n = 7, 57 ± 4.0 years of age) and subacute (n = 12, 62 ± 7.8 years of age) cerebral ischemia. RESULTS Compared with younger adults, healthy older adults presented with significantly reduced ADC values of NAA (P = .000052), Cr (P = .000018), and Cho (P = .00075). Meanwhile, the ADC values of NAA (F(2,36) = 6.057, P = .006), Cr (F(2,36) = 5.634, P = .008), and Cho (F(2,36) = 8.167, P = .001) were significantly different among the acute cerebral ischemia group, subacute cerebral ischemia group, and healthy older controls. These metabolites decreased in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia but increased in the subacute stage, compared with age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS The effect of age should be considered when analyzing diffusion of cerebral metabolites with DW-MRS. Our observations also suggest that metabolite diffusion data may be used to reveal changes in the intracellular environment, depending on the pathologic status of ischemia.
Collapse
|
77
|
Mullins ME. Daydreaming about our metaphorical tool belt. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:569. [PMID: 22081681 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
78
|
Davydovskaia MV, Boĭko AN, Podoprigora AE, Pronin IN, Kornienko VN, Gusev EI. [The neurodegenerative process in multiple sclerosis and the possible neuroprotective effect of treatment with Β-interferon 1a (avonex)]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2012; 112:36-41. [PMID: 23011427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the change of NAA/Cr ratio in the brain parenchyma in patients with MS with the help of protonic multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PMMRS) and to detect the correlation between this factor and clinical status of the patients. The study was also performed in order to investigate whether this method can be potentially used for monitoring of the severity of the disease and severity of the neurodegenerative process. On the basis of this knowledge potential neuroprotective effect of the interferon beta 1a (IFN Β1а) i.m. (avonex) was investigated. Twenty six patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) were included in the study. The procedures included examination of the history of the disease, neurological examination, EDSS, neuropsychological tests, dynamic MRI with PMMRS. The decrease of the NAA/Cr ratio in patients with RRMS compared to healthy controls was detected. The dynamic control in a year revealed the decrease NAA/Cr in patients with MS. Negative association was revealed between NAA/Cr in the brain and the level of neurological and cognitive deficit. The analysis of the 1 year therapy with IFN Β1а i.m. revealed neuroprotective effect which can be related to the possible positive effect of the drug on the neurodegenaration process.
Collapse
|
79
|
Wang HZ, Qiu SJ, Lv XF, Wang YY, Liang Y, Xiong WF, Ouyang ZB. Diffusion tensor imaging and 1H-MRS study on radiation-induced brain injury after nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy. Clin Radiol 2011; 67:340-5. [PMID: 22119296 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the metabolic characteristics of the temporal lobes following radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS DTI and (1)H-MRS were performed in 48 patients after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and in 24 healthy, age-matched controls. All patients and controls had normal findings on conventional MRI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), three eigenvalues λ1, λ2, λ3, N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA)/choline (Cho), NAA/creatinine (Cr), and Cho/Cr were measured in both temporal lobes. Patients were divided into three groups according to time after completion of radiotherapy: group 1, less than 6 months; group 2, 6-12 months; group 3, more than 12 months. Mean values for each parameter were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Mean FA in group 1 was significantly lower compared to group 3 and the control group (p < 0.05). Group-wise comparisons of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values among all the groups were not significantly different. Eigenvalue λ1 was significantly lower in groups 1 and 3 compared to the control group (p < 0.05). NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr were significantly lower in each group compared to the control group (p < 0.01 for both). The decrease in NAA/Cho was greatest in group 1. There were no significant between-group differences regarding Cho/Cr. CONCLUSION A combination of DTI and (1)H-MRS can be used to detect radiation-induced brain injury, in patients treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Collapse
|
80
|
Osterc G, Štampar F. Differences in endo/exogenous auxin profile in cuttings of different physiological ages. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:2088-92. [PMID: 21862175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The process of physiological ageing in woody plants is a very important factor influencing adventitious rooting. However, there is a lack of knowledge of biochemical backgrounds triggering ageing and consequently, rhizogenesis. Experiments with Prunus subhirtella 'Autumnalis' leafy cuttings of three different physiological ages (adult (over 40-year-old stock plants), semi-adult (5-year-old cutting plants) and juvenile (5-year-old in vitro plants)) were conducted in 2009. Half of the cuttings were banded ca. 3 cm above the bottom of the cutting with aluminum wire prior to insertion into the substrate to block the polar auxin transport. IBA, which was exogenously applied to the cuttings, could only be detected in the base of the cuttings on the first day after severance. Juvenile cuttings tended to have the highest values, but the effect was age specific. Later, the detection was not possible, regardless of the age. The IAA profile in cutting bases was similar for all physiological ages, reaching the peak on the first day after severance. Juvenile cuttings, in which the stems had been banded before insertion, contained more IAA in their bases on day 1 compared to the stems, which were not banded. These cuttings presumably transported absorbed auxin mainly via phloem, and not via mass flow like semi-adult and adult cuttings, where IAA concentrations were similar or even greater in non-banded cuttings compared to banded ones. These cuttings also tended to exhibit the best rooting results. The IAA-Asp accumulation was especially strong in adult cuttings, which contained significantly more aspartate on the first and third days after severance when compared with semi-adult and juvenile cuttings.
Collapse
|
81
|
Park HK, Seol IJ, Kim KS. Protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning on hypoxic-ischemic injured newborn rats. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:1495-500. [PMID: 22065907 PMCID: PMC3207054 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.11.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brief episodes of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia cause transient ischemic tolerance to subsequent ischemic events that are otherwise lethal. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning on hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neonatal rat and the persistence of a protective window after hypoxic preconditioning. The rats were preconditioned with hypoxia (8% oxygen, 92% nitrogen) for three hours, subjected to ischemia using ligation of the right common carotid artery, and then exposed to another three hours of hypoxia. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining, and morphologic scores, this study shows that hypoxic preconditioning 6-hr to 1-day before hypoxic-ischemic injury increases survival rates and has neuroprotective effects against subsequent hypoxic-ischemic injury. The mechanism of the protective effects of hypoxic preconditioning in the newborn rat brain may involve downregulation of apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
|
82
|
Muszalska I, Puchalska M, Sobczak A. Determination of vitamin B6 by means of differential spectrophotometry in pharmaceutical preparations in the presence of magnesium compounds. ACTA POLONIAE PHARMACEUTICA 2011; 68:845-851. [PMID: 22125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The content of pyridoxine hydrochloride in two-component pharmaceutical preparations containing various magnesium compounds was examined. The UV differentiation spectrophotometry was devised and compared with the reference method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis of the absorbance spectra (A) and its first (D1) and second (D2) derivatives made it possible to establish the appropriate analytical wavelengths (A: 290 nm; D1: 302 nm; D2: 308 nm). It was proved that spectrum differentiation significantly corrects errors resulting from overlapping background especially when the magnesium hydroaspartate, lactate or magnesium lactogluconate is present together with vitamin B6.
Collapse
|
83
|
Zhang N, Liu P, He X. [Effect of single-used borneol and combining it with diazepam on content of neurotransmitter in corpus striatum of rats]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 2011; 36:3180-3183. [PMID: 22375403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To research the content changes of excitatory neurotransmitter and inhibitory neurotransmitter in corpus striatum of rats after single-used borneol and combining it with diazepam in hope of comprehending the activity of borneol on central nervous system and to observe whether borneol could increase the penetration of other drugs into the brain. METHOD The content of four amino acids neurotransmitters in corpus striatum of rats were sampled by brain microdialysis technology at different time after administration and were determined by RP-HPLC which involved pre-column derivation with orthophthaladehyde (OPA), using phosphate gradient elution and fluorescence detection to detect the content of excitatory neurotransmitter aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu) and inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine (Gly), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in standards and samples and carry on statistical analysis. RESULT The content of both Gly and GABA in corpus striatum of rats with borneol increased significantly, compared with diazepam group (P < 0.05), while Asp and Glu showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION Borneol can improve permeability of diazepam through BBB.
Collapse
|
84
|
Liu ZY, Guo H, Zhang XL, Liu J, Qu HY, Peng W, Bao YM, Yin LL, Song YX. [Impacts of electroacupuncture on left hippocampus NAA/Cr for patients of Uygur and Han nationality with mild cognitive impairment]. ZHONGGUO ZHEN JIU = CHINESE ACUPUNCTURE & MOXIBUSTION 2011; 31:773-777. [PMID: 21972616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for patients of Uygur and Han nationality and explore the national diversity among the patients with MCI. METHODS Twenty-five cases were divided into Han nationality group (15 cases) and Uygur nationality group (10 cases) according to patient's nationality. In either group, EA was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Fengchi (GB 20), Xuanzhong (GB 39), Fuliu (KI 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3), once per day, 15 treatments made one session and there were 5 days at the interval among the sessions. Totally, 3 sessions of treatment were required. The proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to observe the changes in the ratio of N-acetylaspartate and creatine (NAA/Cr) on the left hippocampus for the patients in two groups before and after treatment as well as the changes in the results of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) separately. RESULTS NAA/Cr in Uygur nationality group was higher than that in Han nationality group before treatment (1.659 +/- 0.418 vs 1.137 +/- 0.190, P < 0.05). After treatment, MMSE and MoCA scores all increased apparently as compared with those before treatment in two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and NAA/Cr on the left hippocampus in either group was up-regulated as compared with that before treatment (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION EA can improve the overall cognitive function for the patients with MCI. There is the national diversity in the partial brain metabolite level between Uygur patients and Han patients with MCI.
Collapse
|
85
|
Wang F, Lei HS, Zhao X, Li HH, Dong GR. [Effect of penetrative needling of scalp-acupoints on cerebral N-acetyl-aspartate and choline levels in intracerebral hemorrhage rabbits]. ZHEN CI YAN JIU = ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH 2011; 36:242-246. [PMID: 21942175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of scalp-acupuncture on N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and choline (Cho) leveIs in the brain tissue in rabbits with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in resisting neural lesion. METHODS A total of 30 Newzealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal, model and acupuncture groups (n=10). ICH model was duplicated by injection of the rabbit-own blood (200 microL) into the bilateral Basal Nuclei (A: 2 mm; R, L; 5 mm; H: 10 mm). A filiform needle was inserted into "Baihui" (GV 20) to "Taiyang" (EX-HN 5) on the hemorrhage side, manipulated for 1 min, and then retained for 30 min (manipulated once again every 10 min). The treatment was conducted once daily for 7 days. Contents of NAA, Cho and creatine (Cr) in the intracerebral peri-hematoma tissues were detected by using 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). RESULTS Compared with the normal group, NAA/Cr ratios at the time points of 2 h, 3 d and 7 d after ICH in the model group were decreased markedly (P < 0.05), while Cho/Cr ratios at the same 3 time-points after ICH in the model group were increased markedly (P < 0.05). In comparison with the model group, NAA/Cr ratio on day 3 after ICH in the acupuncture group was obviously higher (P < 0.05), while Cho/Cr ratios on day 3 and 7 were significantly down-regulated in the acupuncture group (P < 0.05). No significant changes were found in NAA/Cr ratios at 2 h and on day 7 and in Cho/Cr ratio at 2 h after ICH between the acupuncture group and the model group. CONCLUSION Penetrative acupuncture of GV 20-EX-HN 5 is effective in suppressing ICH-induced increase of Cho/Cr ratio in ICH rabbits, which may contribute to its function in accelerating neural repair process.
Collapse
|
86
|
Qi Y, Shi L, Gao LY, Wang GY, Li GX, Lv XQ, Jin YP. [Influence of 1, 2-dichloroethane on open field behavior and levels of neurotransmitters in brain of mice]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2011; 29:413-416. [PMID: 22096850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) on the behavior and the brain neurotransmitter levels in mice. METHODS Thirty mice were randomly divided into four groups, which were control group and groups of low, middle and high exposure (225, 450 and 900 mg/m3) to 1,2-DCE for 10 days (3.5 h a day) by inhalation. After the last exposure, the open field test was performed immediately. After exposure all mice were killed and the brain tissues were taken up rapidly. The levels of aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Levels of Asp and Glu in all exposure groups increased with doses. As compared to the control group, levels of Glu in all exposure groups increased significantly (P < 0.05). Levels of GABA in the low exposure group were significantly lower than those in control group, but those in the high exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group. The results of the open field test showed that effect of low exposure to 1,2-DCE on the behavior was stimulant, but the high exposure to 1,2-DCE inhibited behavior of exploration, excitement and sport. CONCLUSIONS Subacute exposure to 1,2-DCE could result in the change of amino acid neurotransmitter content and ratio in the brain, thereby change the behavior of mice appeared, which might be the mechanism of neurotoxicity caused by 1,2-DCE in part.
Collapse
|
87
|
Seo SW, Lee JH, Jang SM, Kim ST, Chin J, Kim GH, Kim JH, Roh JH, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Na DL. Neurochemical alterations of the entorhinal cortex in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI): a three-year follow-up study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 54:192-6. [PMID: 21592598 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The neurochemical alterations in the entorhinal cortex have not yet been measured, even though the entorhinal cortex is the earliest involved brain region in aMCI. In this study, we investigated whether brain regions including the entorhinal cortex would show early involvement of neurochemical abnormalities in aMCI, and whether magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) abnormalities might be a predictive marker of conversion of aMCI to Alzheimer's disease (AD). MRS was performed on 13 aMCI patients and 11 patients with no cognitive impairment (NCI). Localizing voxels were placed within the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, posterior cingulate gyrus, and occipital white matter in the dominant hemisphere. N-acetyl aspartate/creatinine (NAA/Cr) ratios in the entorhinal cortex were significantly lower in aMCI patients than in NCI subjects. After a three-year follow-up, seven aMCI patients converted to AD and six remained stable. Baseline NAA/Cr ratios of entorhinal cortex were decreased in converters, compared to NCI. Our study suggested the entorhinal cortex is the earliest site that is subject to neurochemical alteration in aMCI patients, and baseline MRS metabolite ratios in the entorhinal cortex can be a marker for predicting conversion of aMCI to AD.
Collapse
|
88
|
Isobe T, Akutsu H, Yamamoto T, Shiigai M, Masumoto T, Nakai K, Takano S, Anno I, Matsumura A. [Usefulness of quantitative H-MR spectroscopy for the differentiation between radiation necrosis and recurrence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma]. NO SHINKEI GEKA. NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 2011; 39:485-490. [PMID: 21512199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a case, in which quantitative 1H-MR spectroscopy (MRS) was useful for the differentiation between radiation necrosis and a recurrent tumor. The present case is a 44-year-old man who underwent the subtotal removal of a mass lesion in the left frontal lobe. The histological diagnosis was anaplastic oligodendroglioma (WHO grade III). Postoperatively, a fractionated radiotherapy (total 64Gy) and chemotherapy were performed. MRI after the radiotherapy showed no contrast enhancing lesion. MRI, 5 years after the radiotherapy, showed a growing enhancing lesion and a T1 hypointensity lesion without enhancement, both of which indicated a recurrent tumor. MR spectroscopy was performed for the differential diagnosis of these lesions. The spectrum was acquired by the point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) method by TR/TE=2,000 ms/68 ms, 136 ms, and 272 ms and evaluated with peak pattern and quantification value of metabolite. MRS of the enhancing lesion demonstrated a decrease of the Choline-containing compounds (Cho) concentration, disappearance of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), decrease of Creatine/ Phosphocreatine (t-Cr) and presence of Lipids (Lip) and Lactate (Lac), all of which are characteristic finding of a radiation necrosis. The histological diagnosis of this lesion showed evidence also of radiation necrosis. On the other hand, MRS of the T1 hypointensity lesion without enhancement showed, a marked high peak of the Cho concentration, which is characteristic for a recurrent tumor. The histological findings of this lesion showed a diffuse proliferation of recurrent tumor cells. Quantitative 1H-MRS is a useful tool for the differentiation between radiation necrosis and recurrent tumors.
Collapse
|
89
|
Zarai Z, Frikha F, Balti R, Miled N, Gargouri Y, Mejdoub H. Nutrient composition of the marine snail (Hexaplex trunculus) from the Tunisian Mediterranean coasts. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:1265-1270. [PMID: 21328367 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine snail (Hexaplex trunculus) presents increasing nutritional, commercial and economical importance, being widely consumed in northern Africa, particularly in Mediterranean countries. From a nutritional point of view there is still limited information on the chemical composition of edible tissues (meat and hepatopancreas) of this species. Therefore, the aims of the present work were to study the proximate chemical composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of H. trunculus from the Tunisian Mediterranean coasts. RESULTS Fatty acid profiles showed that the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content is higher than the saturated fatty acids (SFA). The yields of PUFA and SFA present in the meat fat were 68.2% and 33.4% of the total fatty acids, respectively. Similar values were obtained in the hepatopancreatic lipidic fraction. Snail tissues contain valuable concentrations of PUFA, especially n-6 and n-3 with chain lengths of 20 and 22 carbons. All edible tissues were valuable sources of essential amino acids. Aspartic acid is the major amino acids present in the meat and hepatopancreas. The concentrations of nutrients were also determined in the hepatopancreas and meat of H. trunculus. Significantly high concentrations of minerals and trace elements were found in these tissues. CONCLUSION This study suggests that H. trunculus is an important source of protein and essential amino acids. Furthermore, the snail lipidic fraction contains high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids benefical for human health.
Collapse
|
90
|
Aydin H, Sipahioğlu S, Oktay NA, Altin E, Kizilgöz V, Hekimoglu B. The value of proton MR-spectroscopy in the differentiation of brain tumours from non-neoplastic brain lesions. JBR-BTR : ORGANE DE LA SOCIETE ROYALE BELGE DE RADIOLOGIE (SRBR) = ORGAAN VAN DE KONINKLIJKE BELGISCHE VERENIGING VOOR RADIOLOGIE (KBVR) 2011; 94:1-10. [PMID: 21466053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of Proton-MR Spectroscopy for the differentiation of cranial masses from non-neoplastic brain disorders. MATERIAL AND METHOD 33 patients with intracranial mass lesions, 29 patients with non-neoplastic brain lesions: Ischemic-demyelinating-metabolic-benign cystic mass group; As a whole 62 patients: 30 males and 32 females were included in this study. RESULTS In brain tumours, average Cho/NAA ratio 2.84-NAA/Cr ratio was 0.97, Cho/Cr ratio 2.42 and Cho/MI ratio was 3.51. In non-neoplastic group; NAA/Cr ratio was extremely higher than tumour group, the other ratios were far lower than cranial mass lesions. Average Cho/NAA ratio: 0.50 +/- 0.15, Cho/Cr ratio: 1.05 +/- 0.14, Cho/MI ratio: 1.07 +/- 0.73. CONCLUSION Higher Cho/NAA and Cho/MI ratios with lower NAA/Cr ratio were most likely to be malignant. Additional lipid and lactate peaks were generally seen in malignant group.
Collapse
|
91
|
Caldeira AT, Arteiro JM, Roseiro JC, Neves J, Vicente H. An artificial intelligence approach to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCMI 1051 cultures: application to the production of anti-fungal compounds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1496-1502. [PMID: 20801027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of incubation time (IT) and aspartic acid concentration (AA) on the predicted biomass concentration (BC), Bacillus sporulation (BS) and anti-fungal activity of compounds (AFA) produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCMI 1051, was studied using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The values predicted by ANN were in good agreement with experimental results, and were better than those obtained when using Response Surface Methodology. The database used to train and validate ANNs contains experimental data of B. amyloliquefaciens cultures (AFA, BS and BC) with different incubation times (1-9 days) using aspartic acid (3-42 mM) as nitrogen source. After the training and validation stages, the 2-7-6-3 neural network results showed that maximum AFA can be achieved with 19.5 mM AA on day 9; however, maximum AFA can also be obtained with an incubation time as short as 6 days with 36.6 mM AA. Furthermore, the model results showed two distinct behaviors for AFA, depending on IT.
Collapse
|
92
|
Gussew A, Rzanny R, Güllmar D, Scholle HC, Reichenbach JR. 1H-MR spectroscopic detection of metabolic changes in pain processing brain regions in the presence of non-specific chronic low back pain. Neuroimage 2010; 54:1315-23. [PMID: 20869447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable detection of metabolic changes in the brain in vivo induced by chronic low back pain may provide improved understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the manifestation of chronic pain. In the present study, absolute concentrations of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol (mI), glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) were measured in three different pain processing cortical regions (anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and thalamus) of ten patients with non-specific chronic low back pain by means of proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and compared to matched healthy controls. Significant decrease of Glu was observed in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients. Patients also revealed a trend of decreasing Gln concentrations in all investigated brain areas. Reductions of NAA were observed in the patient group in anterior insula and in anterior cingulated cortex, whereas mI was reduced in anterior cingulated cortex and in thalamus of patients. Reduced concentrations of Glu and Gln may indicate disordered glutamatergic neurotransmission due to prolonged pain perception, whereas decrease of NAA and mI may be ascribed to neuron and glial cell loss. No significant changes were found for Cr. The morphological evaluation of anatomic brain data revealed a significantly decreased WM volume of 17% (p<0.05) as well as a non significant trend for GM volume increase in the anterior insula of patients.
Collapse
|
93
|
Shao XL, Zhou ZS, Hong W. [Clinical application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with idiopathic epilepsy]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2010; 12:425-428. [PMID: 20540848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the biochemical metabolism by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ('H-MRS) in order to explore the value of 'H-MRS in idiopathic epilepsy in children. METHODS Thirty-three children with idiopathic epilepsy (14 cases with history of febrile seizures and 19 cases without) and six normal controls experienced MRI of the skull and brain and single-voxel 'H-MRS examinations of the hippocampi-temporal lobe. The signal intensities of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), eatine+phosphocreatine (Cr), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and lactate (Lac) and the ratios of NAA/ (Cho+Cr) and Lac/Cr were compared between the patients and normal controls. RESULTS MRI examination showed that only one child with epilepsy had myelin dysplasia. 'H-MRS examination showed that the ratio of NAA/ (Cho+Cr) in the epilepsy group was lower than that in the control group (0.64+/-0.07 vs 0.73+/-0.05; P<0.01). The epileptic children with history of febrile seizures had a more decreased ratio of NAA/ (Cho+Cr) compared with those without the history (0.61+/-0.07 vs 0.66+/-0.06; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the ratio of Lac/Cr between the epilepsy and the control groups. CONCLUSIONS 'H-MRS may provide early information on brain injury sensitively and non-invasively in children with epilepsy. It may be used for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of epilepsy.
Collapse
|
94
|
Bihari Z, Vidéki D, Mihalik E, Szvetnik A, Szabó Z, Balázs M, Kesseru P, Kiss I. Degradation of native feathers by a novel keratinase-producing, thermophilic isolate, Brevibacillus thermoruber T1E. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 65:134-40. [PMID: 20355333 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2010-1-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Strain T1E, isolated and identified as Brevibacillus thermoruber, and evolutionally distant from the known keratinolytic isolates, proved to have feather-degrading ability. During the 7-day fermentation period, T1E consumed 10 g/l native goose feathers as the sole source of carbon and energy at 50 degrees C under aerobic conditions. The isolate secreted a thermostable, keratinolytic protease, which exhibited activity optimally at pH 6.5, whilst it was inhibited at alkaline pH. The keratin cleavage and catabolism resulted in the accumulation of free aspartic acid and soluble peptides with maximum values of 31.6 and 720 mg/l, respectively. The majority of the fermentation end-products were found to be small oligopeptides with an average molecular mass of 2275 Da.
Collapse
|
95
|
Kolwijck E, Wevers RA, Engelke UF, Woudenberg J, Bulten J, Blom HJ, Massuger LFAG. Ovarian cyst fluid of serous ovarian tumors contains large quantities of the brain amino acid N-acetylaspartate. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10293. [PMID: 20421982 PMCID: PMC2858663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In humans, N-acetyl L-aspartate (NAA) has not been detected in other tissues than the brain. The physiological function of NAA is yet undefined. Recently, it has been suggested that NAA may function as a molecular water pump, responsible for the removal of large amounts of water from the human brain. Ovarian tumors typically present as large cystic masses with considerable fluid accumulation. Methodology and Principal Findings Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, we demonstrated that NAA was present in a high micromolar concentration in oCF of epithelial ovarian tumors (EOTs) of serous histology, sometimes in the same range as found in the extracellular space of the human brain. In contrast, oCF of EOTs with a mucinous, endometrioid and clear cell histological subtype contained a low micromolar concentration of NAA. Serous EOTs have a cellular differentiation pattern which resembles the lining of the fallopian tube and differs from the other histological subtypes. The NAA concentration in two samples of fluid accumulation in the fallopian tube (hydrosalpinx) was in the same ranges as NAA found in oCF of serous EOTs. The NAA concentration in oCF of patients with serous EOTs was mostly 10 to 50 fold higher than their normal serum NAA concentration, whereas in patients with other EOT subtypes, serum and cyst fluid NAA concentration was comparable. Conclusions and Significance The high concentration of NAA in cyst fluid of serous EOTs and low serum concentrations of NAA in these patients, suggest a local production of NAA in serous EOTs. Our findings provide the first identification of NAA concentrations high enough to suggest local production outside the human brain. Our findings contribute to the ongoing research understanding the physiological function of NAA in the human body.
Collapse
|
96
|
Lebedeva IS, Semenova NA, Kaleda VG, Akhadov TA, Barkhatova AN, Petriaĭkin AV, Petriaĭkin FA, Mitrofanov AA, Kupriianov DA. [Hemodynamic and biochemical characteristics of the prefrontal cortex after the first episode of juvenile schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2010; 110:54-59. [PMID: 21183906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Authors analyzed biochemical (data obtained by proton MR spectroscopy) and hemodynamic ( data of fMRI) characteristics of the prefrontal cortex in 7 patients with juvenile shift-like schizophrenia examined during remission after the first episode and in 8 mentally healthy subjects matched for sex and age. The between-group differences in the tested parameters were not found, however, the neurobiological features of the prefrontal cortex were correlated with the psychopathological symptoms assessed with the PANSS.
Collapse
|
97
|
Yang H, Fung EYM, Zubarev AR, Zubarev RA. Toward proteome-scale identification and quantification of isoaspartyl residues in biological samples. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:4615-21. [PMID: 19663459 PMCID: PMC2756321 DOI: 10.1021/pr900428m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deamidation of asparaginyl and isomerization of aspartyl residues in proteins produce a mixture of aspartyl and isoaspartyl residues, the latter being involved in protein aging and inactivation. Electron capture dissociation (ECD) combined with Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT MS) are known to be able to distinguish the isoaspartyl peptides by unique fragments of cn* + 58.0054 (C2H2O2) and z(l-n)-56.9976 (C2HO2), where n is the position of the aspartyl residue and l is the peptide length. In the present study, we tested the specificity of isoAsp detection using the accurate masses of the specific fragments. For this purpose, we analyzed 32 whole and partial proteomes obtained from human cells as well as tissue samples and identified by ECD 466 isoaspartyl peptide candidates. Detailed inspection revealed that many of these candidates were unreliable. To increase the isoAsp detection specificity, additional criteria had to be used, for example, adjacent c/z fragments, specific losses from the reduced species, and the shape of the chromatographic peak. Most stringent filtering of candidates yielded several cases where the presence of isoAsp was beyond doubt. Among the identified proteins with isoAsp, actin, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein and pyruvate kinase have previously been identified as substrates for l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase, an important repair enzyme converting isoaspartyl to aspartyl. Quantification of relative isomerization degree was performed by the label-free approach. This is the first attempt to analyze the human isoaspartome in a high-throughput manner. The developed workflow allows for further enhancement of the detection rate of isoaspartyl residues in biological samples.
Collapse
|
98
|
Ozturk A, Degaonkar M, Matson MA, Wells CT, Mahone EM, Horská A. Proton MR spectroscopy correlates of frontal lobe function in healthy children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1308-14. [PMID: 19357380 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroimaging methods have been used to improve our understanding of the topographic organization of the brain. In our study, proton (1)H-MR spectroscopic imaging was used to evaluate frontal lobe function. The goal was to determine the relationship between neuropsychological measures of frontal lobe function and levels of a surrogate neuronal marker, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), in typically developing healthy children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-one healthy children (25 girls; 6.2-18.3 years of age; mean age, 12.3 +/- 3.6 years) were examined. All children completed a neuropsychological assessment including measures of attention, executive function, memory, language, and visual and motor skills. (1)H-MR spectroscopic imaging was performed by using a multisection spin-echo sequence at 1.5T. General linear model analysis of covariance was used to examine the relationship between the neuropsychological test scores and NAA/creatine (Cr) ratios, controlling for age and sex. RESULTS A positive relationship between frontal lobe white matter NAA/Cr ratio and performance on 2 neuropsychological tests associated with frontal lobe function was detected. The Purdue Pegboard right-hand scores were higher with increasing NAA/Cr in the left frontal white matter (P = .047), and Stanford-Binet-IV "Bead Memory" scores improved with increasing NAA/Cr ratio in the right frontal white matter (P = .032). CONCLUSIONS An association between frontal white matter NAA/Cr ratios and 1) measures of manual speed and dexterity, and 2) visual working memory was detected. Our data may provide a quantitative basis for assessment of frontal lobe impairments in disease states.
Collapse
|
99
|
Williamson D, Brennan SO, Strosberg H, Whitty J, Carrell RW. Hemoglobin A2Fitzroy δ 142 ALA → ASP: A New Delta-Chain Variant. Hemoglobin 2009; 8:325-32. [PMID: 6548205 DOI: 10.3109/03630268408991715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
HbA2 Fitzroy is a new delta-chain variant with the amino acid substitution delta 142 (H2O) Ala----Asp. This variant was detected solely due to its abnormal electrophoretic mobility.
Collapse
|
100
|
Sherry DM, Ulshafer RJ. Neurotransmitter-specific identification and characterization of neurons in the all-cone retina of Anolis carolinensis II: Glutamate and aspartate. Vis Neurosci 2009; 9:313-23. [PMID: 1356423 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523800010725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractImmunocytochemical and autoradiographic methods were used to identify neurons in the pure cone retina of the lizard (Anolis carolinensis) that are likely to employ glutamate (GLU) or aspartate (ASP) as a neurotransmitter.GLU immunocytochemistry demonstrated high levels of endogenous GLU in all cone types and numerous bipolar cells. Moderate GLU levels were found in horizontal and ganglion cells. Müller cells and most amacrine cells had very low GLU levels. GLU immunoreactivity (GLU-IR) in the cones was present from the inner segment to the synaptic pedicle. A large spherical cell type with moderate GLU-IR was identified in the proximal inner plexiform layer (IPL). These cells also contain ASP and have been tentatively identified as amacrine cells. Uptake of [3H]-L-GLU labeled all retinal layers. All cone types and Müller cells sequestered [3H]-D-ASP, a substrate specific for the GLU transporter.Anti-ASP labeling was observed in cones, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and cells in the ganglion cell layer. ASP immunoreactivity (ASP-IR) in the cones was confined to the inner segment. One ASP-containing pyriform amacrine cell subtype ramifying in IPL sublamina b was identified.Analysis of GLU-IR, ASP-IR, and GABA-IR on serial sections indicated that there were two distinct populations of horizontal cells in the Anolis retina: one containing GABA-IR, GLU-IR, and ASP-IR; and another type containing only GLU-IR and ASP-IR. Light GLU-IR was frequently found in GABA-containing amacrine cells but ASP-IR was not.The distinct distributions of GLU and ASP may indicate distinctly different roles for these amino acids. GLU, not ASP, is probably the major neurotransmitter in the cone-biploar-ganglion cell pathway of the Anolis retina. Both GLU and ASP are present in horizontal cells and specific subpopulations of amacrine cells, but it is unclear if GLU or ASP have a neurotransmitter role in these cells.
Collapse
|