[Natural increase of the Bulgarian population in southern Russia in the mid-nineteenth century]

"A study of the data on [the] natural population growth of the Bulgarian colony in Southern Russia in the mid-nineteenth century is undertaken." Projections are also made from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Polish migration policies: challenges and dilemmas

Following a brief historical overview of Polish migration policies and trends, current post-Communism migration is examined. The focus is on "two...types of Polish emigration.... The first, continuing over the last two decades, is temporary labor emigration, when emigres spend two to three years (especially overseas) or a few months (in Western Europe) working outside of Poland. The second model of movement of Poles abroad is short-term private business excursions to different regions of Europe and Asia." The author examines "which migration policies will be beneficial to Poland's political and economic systems, as the country enters a new phase of development."

[Fertility trends in Bulgaria (1960-1990)]

"This paper reports an analysis of fertility in Bulgaria during the period 1960-1990. Alternative demographic indicators are used, such as period and cohort total fertility rates...[and] mean age [at] childbearing, marriage, and divorce. The analysis includes distribution by order of births. Two age patterns of fertility behaviour are distinguished, one for females aged below 22, and the other for females above that age. The report notes the different impact of pronatal policy actions undertaken in 1968 and in 1973...." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Demographic situation in Poland in 1989 on the basis of the report of the Government Population Commission

"The study contains...statements of the...sixteenth report of the Government Population Commission on 'Poland's demographic situation'.... The 1990 Report presents for the first time a thorough analysis of mortality caused by...circulatory and respiratory system diseases, malignant neoplasms, injuries and poisonings, [for] basic administrative units (towns and gminas). Moreover, the 1990 Report presents an analysis of changes in the structures of: the socio-demographic situation of households and families, disability, and the external migration of Poland's population in the years 1978-1988. The Report also contains an analysis of the [sociological] changes in Polish family life over the postwar period...."

An examination of family and migration career correlation--an application of the non-parametric analysis methods to the results of the retrospective study--life course (Family Occupational and Migratory Biography), 1988

The authors analyze the relationships between family life cycle events and migration using data for Poland. "Two main questions have been asked....1. how does migration influence the future family career of [an] individual? 2. how does an event in [the] family career, e.g., birth [of] a child, influence migration options? Two methods of non-parametric analysis were taken into consideration...a method of standardization and [a] method based on the theory of dependent competing risks. Conclusions following from the application of the competing risks model correspond to those drawn from the method of standardization."

[Income, labor, and population reproduction]

"The interrelations between...income, labour stimuli and population reproduction in Bulgaria are analyzed. The change of consumer price rates and purchasing power are considered and their impact on...living conditions is estimated. The economic relation 'work--consumption--motivation' is studied in regard to its influence on the demographic processes. The conclusion is that the fall of the average per capita income in the country to the social minimum level creates acute social problems." The article concerns the period 1990-1991. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Spatial demographic trends and patterns in the Warsaw urban region

The relationship between the age and sex structure of the Warsaw urban region of Poland and the population dynamics of this area is analyzed. "The process of spatial population development in the Warsaw urban region is of a cyclical nature. Starting from 1948-1950, the changes in the proportions of the population increase between the core and the remaining parts of the region oscillated over time. These trends can be interpreted with reference to the basic components of population change--natural increase and net migration, as well as policy-related factors."

Regional policy for rural settlements in Bulgaria

Government policies concerning rural settlement and rural-urban migration in Bulgaria since 1944 are evaluated and described. The author observes that during this period, "Bulgaria...has undergone rapid urbanization.... The marked destructive processes in the rural settlement network since 1944, mainly due to the ageing of the rural population and its migration to the cities, have necessitated the implementation of an active regional policy in rural regions. A 'policy of key settlements' and 'a policy of key regions' were developed in recent years [to encourage rural development]."

Spatial population mobility in Poland, 1952-1985

This is a summary of the author's 1989 study on internal migration in Poland from 1952 to 1985. "The main aims of the study are: to describe spatial patterns of different types of migration vis-a-vis national socioeconomic change on the basis of the available unified statistical material...; to identify changes in the intensity and range (distance) of those movements; [and] to propose a hierarchical regionalization of permanent migration based on inter-voivodship flows, using the Slater method, as well as to identify the stage by the process of modernization of spatial mobility which has been reached in Poland." Data are primarily from official sources, including censuses and the current population register.