Factor analytical study of tests of anxiety

200 male students were administered Taylor's MAS, N-Scale of MPI, Cattell's ASQ, Sinha's Anxiety Scale and Dutt's Anxiety Questionnaire. Two indices of academic achievement and three measures of physique were also noted. Data were processed by principal axis method of factor analysis. Four factors were extracted and interpreted.

Efficacy of latanoprost in management of chronic angle closure glaucoma

Background: Chronic angle closure glaucoma is often managed surgically. Aim: To study the effect of Latanoprost 0.005% on intraocular pressure in subjects diagnosed as having chronic angle closure glaucoma. Materials and methods: Forty patients participated in the study. Baseline examination included visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure, anterior and posterior segment examination, gonioscopy and perimetry. Patients were treated with Latanoprost 0.005% once daily at bedtime. IOP was recorded at baseline, 2weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after starting the treatment. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 56.45 years (40-70 years). There were 18 males and 22 females in the study. Mean IOP at baseline was 24.55±3.63. Mean IOP decreased to 17.27±3.19 at 2 weeks, 15.27±3.07 at 4 weeks, 14.60±3.06 at 8 weeks and 14.47±2.66 at 12 weeks. There was a statistically significant reduction in mean IOP (41.03%) at 12 weeks as compared to those of the baseline IOP (p=0.000). There was no significant difference in IOP reduction in eyes with different degrees of angle closure by peripheral anterior synechiae. Conclusion: Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analogue, is effective in reducing IOP in chronic angle closure glaucoma patients and its efficacy is not affected by the degree of angle closure by peripheral anterior synechiae. Key words: latanoprost; chronic angle closure glaucoma; intraocular pressure; peripheral anterior synechiae DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v1i1.3671 Nep J Oph 2009;1(1):32-36

Endothelial cell loss after small incision cataract surgery

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5273Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011; 3(2): 177-180

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in Indian eyes with optical coherence tomography

Introduction: Measuring the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer is a potential method of recognizing axon loss prior to the visual field abnormality. Objective: To study normal individuals to quantify peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in Asian Indian subjects. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study of 150 normal subjects. Peripapillary RNFL was imaged with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT3) and the thickness of the RNFL around the disc was determined in four quadrants with a 3.4 mm circle OCT scan. The influence of age and gender was evaluated on various parameters using unpaired t test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and ANOVA. Results: The sample included 66 males and 84 females. The mean age of the study sample was 42.64 ± 13.63 years. The average RNFL thickness was 101.07 ± 10.13μm with the maximum thickness in the inferior quadrant (127.47±15.57) followed by the superior, nasal and temporal quadrants. The difference between the inferior and superior quadrants was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in RNFL thickness between males and females. Negative correlation was found between age and average RNFL thickness, superior and temporal average (Pearson’s correlation value = -0.262, - 0.209, - 0.294 respectively and p = 0.02, 0.04, 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: The present study provides additional data on the existing database of RNFL thickness in Asian Indians. It is also evident that RNFL thickness decreases with age but there is no relationship with gender. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i1.5852 NEPJOPH 2012; 4(1): 59-63

Early effects of feeding excess vitamin A: mechanism of fatty liver production in rats

Oral administration of vitamin A (30,000 IU daily for 2 days) to young rats caused a marked increase in hepatic glycogen, cholesterol, and glycerides, while hepatic phospholipid content remained almost unaltered. In an examination of the pathogenesis of the lipid accumulation, it was found that more glucose-(14)C was incorporated into liver lipids in vitamin A-fed rats, whereas incorporation of glucose-(14)C and dl-glycine-(14)C into liver protein remained unaltered. The increase in glucose-(14)C incorporation was confined to the glyceride-glycerol portion of the lipids; incorporation into liver fatty acids was inhibited. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations were elevated. It is postulated that in the vitamin A-fed rats, increased accumulation of lipids in the liver is caused by a stimulation of fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and enhanced formation of glycerophosphate through glycolysis, with consequent increase in the glyceride synthesis in the liver. The weight of the adrenals was increased, whereas cholesterol concentration in the gland was decreased, after administration of vitamin A to rats. This indicates adrenocortical stimulation. Interestingly enough, vitamin A feeding did not affect either the level of liver lipids or of plasma FFA in adrenalectomized rats.