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Yuan R, Dongzhi Z, Guo W, Zhen P, Liu Z, Huang S, Li B, Yu J. Hepatoprotective effect of Sophora moorcroftiana (Benth.) Benth.Ex baker seeds in vivo and in vitro. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2535-2544. [PMID: 34380357 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1962692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The leguminosae of Sophora moorcroftiana (Benth.) Benth.ex Baker is a drought-resistant endemic Sophora shrub species from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and its seeds have hepatoprotective effects. To study the effect of S. moorcroftiana seeds on liver injury and the molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial effects, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the main active components in the ethanol extract of S. moorcroftiana seeds (SM). Male mice were divided into six groups (n = 8): normal control (NC), CCl4, SM (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), and dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (150 mg/kg) groups. Mice were treated as indicated (once/day, orally) for 14 days, and CCl4 (2 mL/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. The serum and liver of mice were used for biochemical assays. To explore the underlying mechanism, HepG2 cells were treated with SM, stimulated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP, 50 μM), and analyzed by Western blotting. The major active compounds of SM were alkaloids including 22 compounds. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased in the SM (200 mg/kg) group. SM can activate the expression of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and downstream molecules cytochrome P4503A11 enzyme (CYP3A11), UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family polypeptide A 1 (UGT1A1), and inhibit the multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2). In addition, SM improved cell viability in t-BHP-induced HepG2 cells (64% to 83%) and decreased the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The main compounds in SM were alkaloids. SM showed hepatoprotective effects possibly mediated by the suppression of oxidative stress through the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Department of Medicament, College of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhuoma Dongzhi
- Department of Medicament, College of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Medicament, College of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Pu Zhen
- Department of Medicament, College of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research for Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research for Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research for Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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202
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Al-Malki AL, Bakkar A, Huwait EA, Barbour EK, Abulnaja KO, Kumosani TA, Moselhy SS. Strigol1/albumin/chitosan nanoparticles decrease cell viability, induce apoptosis and alter metabolomics profile in HepG2 cancer cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111960. [PMID: 34352718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Bioavailable, effective and safe therapeutic agents are urgently needed for cancer treatment. This study evaluated the metabolomics profiling, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of strigol/albumin/chitosan nanoparticles (S/A/CNP) on HepG2 cell line. The diameter of S/A/CNP was (5 ± 0.01) nm. The IC50 was 180.4 nM and 47.6 nM for Strigol1 and S/A/CNP, respectively, after incubation for 24 h with HepG2 cells. By increasing the concentration of S/A/CNP, there was chromatin condensation, degranulation in the cytoplasm and shrinking in cell size indicating pro-apoptotic activity. Metabolomics profiling of the exposed cells by LC/MS/MS revealed that S/A/CNP up-regulated epigenetic intermediates (spermine and spermidine) and down-regulated energy production pathway and significantly decreased glutamine (P < 0.001). These findings demonstrated that S/A/CNP has anti-proliferative, apoptotic effects and modulate energetic, and epigenetic metabolites in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman L Al-Malki
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Bakkar
- Modern Sciences and Arts University (MSA), 6th October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Etimad A Huwait
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elie K Barbour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Director of R and D Department, Opticon Hygiene Consulting, Oechsli 7, 8807 Freienbach, Switzerland
| | - Kalid O Abulnaja
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Production of Bio-products for Industrial Applications Research Group, King Abdulaziz University
| | - Said S Moselhy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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203
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Nawaz A, Jamal A, Arif A, Parveen Z. In vitro cytotoxic potential of Solanum nigrum against human cancer cell lines. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4786-4792. [PMID: 34354467 PMCID: PMC8324988 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have natural products which use to possess antiproliferative potential against many cancers. In the present study, six isolated fractions (ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol, ethanol and aqueous) from Solanum nigrum were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect on different cell lines. Hepatic carcinoma cell line (HepG2), cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and baby hamster kidney (BHK) used as normal non-cancerous cells were evaluated for cytotoxicity against isolated fractions. Cell viability assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of all fractions on different cell lines followed by the lactate dehydrogenase and vascular endothelial growth factor assays of most active fraction among all screened for cytotoxic analysis. HPLC analysis of most active fractions against cytotoxicity was performed to check the biological activity of compounds. Results displayed the potent cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate fraction of S. nigrum against HepG2 cells with IC50 value of 7.89 μg/ml. Other fractions exhibited potent anticancer activity against HepG2 cells followed by HeLa cells. Fractions in our study showed no cytotoxicity in BHK cells. Cytotoxic activity observed in our current study exposed high antiproliferative potential and activity of ethyl acetate fraction against HepG2 cells. The results demonstrated that S. nigrum fractions exhibited anticancer activity against hepatic and cervical cancer cell lines with non-toxic effect in normal cells. These results reveal significant potential of S. nigrum for the therapeutic of cancers across the globe in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Nawaz
- University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adil Jamal
- Sciences and Research, College of Nursing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 715, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Arif
- University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Parveen
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lahore, Pakistan
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204
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Akter S, Addepalli R, Netzel M, Fletcher M, Sultanbawa Y, Osborne S. Impact of polyphenol-rich extracts of Terminalia ferdinandiana fruits and seeds on viability of human intestinal and liver cells in vitro. Food Chem (Oxf) 2021; 2:100024. [PMID: 35415635 PMCID: PMC8991618 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum) is a native Australian fruit consumed by Indigenous Australians for centuries. Commercial interest in T. ferdinandiana has increased in recent years due to its high vitamin C content, however, food safety assessments are lacking. To explore the safety of extracts prepared from T. ferdinandiana using different solvents, in vitro cell viability of undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2, HT29-MTX-E12, and HepG2 cells was measured using the CyQUANT® NF Cell Proliferation Assay. Changes to cell viability produced IC50 values between 3650 and 14400 µg/mL for all extracts and cell lines tested with HepG2 cells impacted the most by T. ferdinandiana extracts, followed by HT29-MTX-E12 cells, and undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2 cells. Different solvents also produced extracts with variable effects on cell viability that were dependent on tissue source, however, extracts from seedcoats appeared to impact cell viability less than fruit extracts. The IC50 values for ellagic acid, an abundant phytochemical in T. ferdinandiana, varied from 1190 to 2390 µg/mL across different cells and were significantly lower than extract IC50 values. Findings from this study will help to inform future safety studies, select which solvents to use when preparing T. ferdinandiana extracts, and decide whether fruit flesh should be separated from seeds during extract preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Akter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia
| | - Rama Addepalli
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Michael Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia
| | - Mary Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia
| | - Simone Osborne
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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205
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Krokos A, Deda O, Virgiliou C, Gika H, Raikos N, Aggelidou E, Kritis A, Theodoridis G. Evaluation of Cocaine Effect on Endogenous Metabolites of HepG2 Cells Using Targeted Metabolomics. Molecules 2021; 26:4610. [PMID: 34361761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine toxicity has been a subject of study because cocaine is one of the most common and potent drugs of abuse. In the current study the effect of cocaine on human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) was assessed. Cocaine toxicity (IC50) on HepG2 cells was experimentally calculated using an XTT assay at 2.428 mM. The metabolic profile of HepG2 cells was further evaluated to investigate the cytotoxic activity of cocaine at 2 mM at three different time points. Cell medium and intracellular material samples were analyzed with a validated HILIC-MS/MS method for targeted metabolomics on an ACQUITY Amide column in gradient mode with detection on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring. About 106 hydrophilic metabolites from different metabolic pathways were monitored. Multivariate analysis clearly separated the studied groups (cocaine-treated and control samples) and revealed potential biomarkers in the extracellular and intracellular samples. A predominant effect of cocaine administration on alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathway was observed. Moreover, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were found to be affected in cocaine-treated cells. Targeted metabolomics managed to reveal metabolic changes upon cocaine administration, however deciphering the exact cocaine cytotoxic mechanism is still challenging.
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206
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Wu XQ, Fu JY, Mei RY, Dai XJ, Li JH, Zhao XF, Liu MQ. Inhibition of Liver Cancer HepG2 Cell Proliferation by Enzymatically Prepared Low-molecular Citrus Pectin. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:861-872. [PMID: 34376132 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210729122631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-molecular citrus pectin (LCP) is a pectin polysaccharide with low molecular weight, low degree of crux, and no branching. It is obtained by degrading natural citrus pectin (CP) through physical, chemical and enzymatic methods. LCP has received considerable attention in recent years due to its potential applications in the medical and biological fields. METHODS In our previous study, LCP was prepared from CP by using recombinant Bacillus subtilis pectate lyase B. Monosaccharide comparative analysis revealed that the galacturonic acid content of LCP was higher than that of CP. The cell viability effect of LCP was elucidated by using HepG2 cells and the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and flow cytometer propidium iodide staining were performed to detect the effects of LCP on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was observed through 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine assay. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The Mw of the prepared LCP was 7.6 kDa, which was significantly lower than that of CP (140 kDa). Cell viability decreased with the increase in the concentration of LCP. The half-inhibitory concentration of 1.46 ± 0.02 mg/mL was determined. Treatment with 1.6 mg/mL LCP induced the apoptosis of HepG2 cells with the inhibition rate of 83.10% ± 4.72%, and the cell cycle was arrested in the S phase. Furthermore, the MMP of HepG2 cells decreased with the increase in LCP concentration. CONCLUSION The enzymatically prepared LCP could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells. This study provided a partial experimental basis and reference for LCP to become a potential functional food for anti-liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jia-Ying Fu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ru-Yi Mei
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xian-Jun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jun-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhao
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ming-Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Wonok W, Chaveerach A, Siripiyasing P, Sudmoon R, Tanee T. The Unique Substance, Lidocaine and Biological Activity of the Dioscorea Species for Potential Application as a Cancer Treatment, Natural Pesticide and Product. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10081551. [PMID: 34451596 PMCID: PMC8399169 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The six Dioscorea species, D. brevipetiolata, D. bulbifera, D. depauperata (Dd), D. glabra (Dg), D. pyrifolia and D. hamiltonii were analyzed for phytochemicals, toxicity in PBMCs, and biological activity in two cancer cell lines by MTT and comet assays, and pesticide efficiency. Via GC-MS, lidocaine was found to be the predominant compound in two of the studied species. To confirm the systematics, lidocaine was also found in lower amounts in 11 species. The MTT assay showed no toxicity in all six of the studied species. The comet assay showed the key result that the ethanol extracts of Dd and Dg violently broke DNA into pieces. Biological activity of these two species’ extracts showed toxicity on HepG2 and no effects on HCT-116. The water extracts of Dd and Dg, applied to Brassica chinensis showed high efficiency as a bioprotectant. In summary, lidocaine seems to be the predominant identifying compound of the genus Dioscorea in Thailand, which is useful in systematics. At least the two species, Dd and Dg, may be used for human hepatocyte cancer treatment and as an alternative pesticide for economically important vegetables. Dioscorea species containing lidocaine or extracted lidocaine have promise for natural product creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warin Wonok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.W.); (A.C.)
| | - Arunrat Chaveerach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.W.); (A.C.)
| | - Pornnarong Siripiyasing
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand;
| | | | - Tawatchai Tanee
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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208
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Mavrova AT, Dimov S, Yancheva D, Rangelov M, Wesselinova D, Naydenova E. New C2- and N3-Modified Thieno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Conjugates with Cytotoxicity in the Nanomolar Range. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1201-1212. [PMID: 34315388 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210727130227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the current study was to develop and explore a series of new cytotoxic agents based on the conjugation between the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine moiety and a second pharmacophore at the C2 or N3 position. BACKGROUND As the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine core is a bioisostere of the 4-anilinoquinazoline, various new thienopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by modifying the structure of the clinically used anticancer quinazoline EGFR inhibitors of the first generation - gefitinib, and second generation - dacomitinib and canertinib. It was reported that some thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives showed improved EGFR inhibitory activity. On the other hand, the benzimidazole heterocycle is present as a pharmacophore unit in the structure of many clinically used chemotherapeutic agents. Some 2-aminobenzimidazole derivatives, possessing anticancer activity, demonstrated EGFR inhibition and the benzimidazole derivative EGF816 is currently in the second phase of clinical trials. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were design of a novel series thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines, synthesis of the compounds and investigation of their effects towards human cancer HT-29, MDA-MB-231, HeLa, HepG2 and to normal human Lep3 cell lines. (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA) Methods: The synthetic protocol implemented cyclocondensation of 2-amino-thiophenes and nitriles in inert medium, aza-Michael addition to benzimidazole derivatives and nucleophylic substitution at the N3 place. MTS test was used in order to establish the cytotoxicity of the tested compounds. SAR analysis and in silico assessment of the inhibitory potential towards human oncogenic V599EB-Raf were performed using Molinspiration tool and Molecular Operating environment software. RESULTS The MTS test data showed that almost all studied thieno[2,3-d]pyirimidines (9-13, 21-22 and 25) manifest high inhibiting effect on the cell proliferation at nanomolar concentrations, whereat compounds 9 (IC50 = 130 nM) and 10 (IC50 = 261 nM) containing amino acid moiety, and 21 (IC50 = 108 nM) possesing two thienopyrimidine moieties attached to a 1,3-disubstituted benzimidazole linker, revealed many times lower toxicity against Lep3 cells compared to the cancer cells. Thienopyrimidines 11-13 possessed high selectivity against HeLa cells. Compound 13 showed high inhibitory activity against MDA-MB-231 and HepG2, with IC50 1.44 nM and 1.11 nM respectively. To outline the possible biological target of the studied coumpounds, their potential to interact with human oncogenic V599EB-Raf was explored by a docking study. As a result, it was suggested that the benzimidazolyl and glycyl fragments could enhance the binding ability of the new compounds by increasing the number of hydrogen bond acceptors and by stabilizing the inactive form of the enzyme. CONCLUSION The thienopyrimidines tested in vitro towards human cancer HT-29, MDA-MB-231, HeLa, HepG2 and normal human Lep3 cell lines demonstrated cytotoxicity in nanomolar range. It was established that compounds 9, 10 and 21 showed many times lower toxicity against normal Lep3 cells that can provide a high selectivity towards all four cancer cell lines at small concentrations. Based on the analysis of the structure-activity relationship, the observed trends in the cytotoxicity could be related to the lipophilicity and the topological polar surface area of the tested compounds. The docking study on the potential of the new thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-ones to interact with mutant V599EB-Raf showed that the compounds might be able to stabilize the enzyme in its inactive form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia Ts Mavrova
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Organic Synthesis, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia. Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Dimov
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Organic Synthesis, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia. Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., build. 9, 1113 Sofia. Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., build. 9, 1113 Sofia. Bulgaria
| | - Diana Wesselinova
- Institute of General and Comparative Pathology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., build. 25, 1113 Sofia. Bulgaria
| | - Emilia Naydenova
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Organic Synthesis, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia. Bulgaria
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Pinter E, Friedl C, Irnesberger A, Czerny T, Piwonka T, Peñarroya A, Tacker M, Riegel E. HepGentox: a novel promising HepG2 reportergene-assay for the detection of genotoxic substances in complex mixtures. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11883. [PMID: 34395098 PMCID: PMC8323594 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In risk assessment, genotoxicity is a key factor to determine the safety for the consumer. Most in vitro genotoxicity assays were developed for the assessment of pure substances. However, in recent years more attention has been given to complex mixtures, where usually low amounts of a substance are present. For high-throughput screening, a toxicologically sensitive assay should be used, covering a broad range of genotoxic substances and detecting them at low concentrations. HepG2 cells have been recommended as one of the prime candidates for genotoxicity testing, as they are p53 competent, less prone towards cytotoxic effects and tend to have some metabolic activity. METHODS A HepG2 liver cell line was characterized for its suitability for genotoxicity assessment. For this, a luciferase based reporter gene assay revolving around the p53 pathway was validated for the analysis of pure substances and of complex mixtures. Further, the cell's capability to detect genotoxins correctly with and without an exogenous metabolizing system, namely rat liver S9, was assessed. RESULTS The assay proved to have a high toxicological sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (94%). Further, the endogenous metabolizing system of the HepG2 cells was able to detect some genotoxins, which are known to depend on an enzymatic system. When complex mixtures were added this did not lead to any adverse effects concerning the assays performance and cytotoxicity was not an issue. DISCUSSION The HepGentox proved to have a high toxicological sensitivity and specificity for the tested substances, with similar or even lower lowest effective concentration (LEC) values, compared to other regulatory mammalian assays. This combines some important aspects in one test system, while also being less time and material consuming and covering several genotoxicity endpoints. As the assay performs well with and without an exogenous metabolizing system, no animal liver fractions have to be used, which application is discussed controversially and is considered to be expensive and laborious in sample testing. Because of this, the HepGentox is suitable for a cost-efficient first screening approach to obtain important information with human cells for further approaches, with a relatively fast and easy method. Therefore, the HepGentox is a promising assay to detect genotoxic substances correctly in complex mixtures even at low concentrations, with the potential for a high throughput application. In a nutshell, as part of an in vitro bioassay test battery, this assay could provide valuable information for complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Pinter
- Departement of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Vienna, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Friedl
- Departement of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Vienna, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Irnesberger
- Departement of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Vienna, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Czerny
- Departement of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Vienna, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tina Piwonka
- Departement of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Vienna, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfonso Peñarroya
- Departement of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Vienna, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Tacker
- Departement of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Vienna, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Riegel
- Departement of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Vienna, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
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210
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Okubo S, Ohta T, Shoyama Y, Uto T. Steroidal Saponins Isolated from the Rhizome of Dioscorea tokoro Inhibit Cell Growth and Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:749. [PMID: 34440493 DOI: 10.3390/life11080749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our preliminary screening identified an extract from the rhizome of Dioscorea tokoro, which strongly suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and inhibited autophagy. This study aimed to isolate active compounds from the rhizome of D. tokoro that exert antiproliferative effects and inhibit autophagy. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the active fraction led to the isolation of two spirostan-type steroidal saponins, dioscin (1) and yamogenin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and the frostane-type steroidal saponin protodioscin (3) from the n-BuOH fraction. Furthermore, acid hydrolysis of 1 and 2 produced the aglycones diosgenin (4) and yamogenin (5), respectively. Compounds 1-5 suppressed proliferation of HepG2 cells. The analysis of structure-activity relationships indicated that the 25(R)-conformation, structures with a sugar moiety, and the spirostan-type aglycone moiety contributed to antiproliferative activity. Analysis of autophagy-related proteins demonstrated that 1-3 clearly increased the levels of both LC3-II and p62, implying that 1-3 deregulate the autophagic pathway by blocking autophagic flux, which results in p62 and LC3-II accumulation. In contrast, 1-3 did not significantly affect caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, suggesting that the antiproliferative activity of 1-3 occurred independently of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. In summary, our study showed that 1-3, active compounds in the rhizome of D. tokoro, suppressed cell proliferation and autophagy, and might be potential agents for autophagy research and cancer chemoprevention.
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211
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Ressaissi A, Pacheco R, Serralheiro MLM. Molecular-level changes induced by hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in HepG2 cell line: Comparison with pravastatin. Life Sci 2021; 283:119846. [PMID: 34324915 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are an important class of polyphenols found in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants and widely consumed in human diet. In the present work, alterations of HepG2 cells biochemical profile under the effect of four hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (caffeic acid, m-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid) relatively to the effect of pravastatin, a drug often prescribed to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, the regulator enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, were reported. The application of FTIR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis by PCA showed a similarity between pravastatin and the four hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in metabolite profile modification expressed by various changes in proteins region, the phosphate region which mainly corresponds to nucleic acids as well as in lipids regions. FTIR structural analysis in the amide I region, using resolution enhancement methods, such as second derivative and amide I deconvolution method, revealed significant decrease in α-helix/random coil and intermolecular β-sheet decreased while intramolecular β-sheet in treated cells showed an increase. It was also noticed that the intracellular cholesterol as well as esterified ingredients such as cholesterol esters in the cell membrane decreased. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) of the spectral data showed that the compounds and pravastatin were well separated from untreated cells showing a different mode of action on HepG2 treated cells for each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ressaissi
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rita Pacheco
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Av. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria Luísa M Serralheiro
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Liu H, Liang J, Xiao G, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Wang Q. Active sites of peptides Asp-Asp-Asp-Tyr and Asp-Tyr-Asp-Asp protect against cellular oxidative stress. Food Chem 2021; 366:130626. [PMID: 34325244 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects of the peptides Asp-Asp-Asp-Tyr (DDDY) and Asp-Tyr-Asp-Asp (DYDD) against AAPH-induced HepG2 cells are unclear. Our objective was to investigate the active sites of these peptides and their cellular antioxidant mechanism. DDDY and DYDD show a direct free radical scavenging effect in reducing ROS levels and maintained cellular antioxidant enzymes at normal levels. The quantum chemistry analysis of the electronic properties of antioxidant activity showed that DYDD has a greater energy in the highest occupied molecular orbital than DDDY, and O58-H59 and N10-H12 were identified as the active antioxidant sites in DYDD and DDDY, respectively, indicating that the inconsistent arrangement of amino acids affects the distribution of the highest occupied orbital energy as well as the active sites; thus, influences the antioxidant activity of peptides. It provide valuable insights into the antioxidant active sites of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifan Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxi Liang
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Academic Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Centro Latinoamericano de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bacteriología Alimentaria (CLEIBA), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru; Research Group Biotechnology and Omics in Life Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Abdel-Rahman AA, Shaban AKF, Nassar IF, El-Kady DS, Ismail NSM, Mahmoud SF, Awad HM, El-Sayed WA. Discovery of New Pyrazolopyridine, Furopyridine, and Pyridine Derivatives as CDK2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Anti-Proliferative Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:3923. [PMID: 34206976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New pyridine, pyrazoloyridine, and furopyridine derivatives substituted with naphthyl and thienyl moieties were designed and synthesized starting from 6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (1). The chloro, methoxy, cholroacetoxy, imidazolyl, azide, and arylamino derivatives were prepared to obtain the pyridine-−C2 functionalized derivatives. The derived pyrazolpyridine-N-glycosides were synthesized via heterocyclization of the C2-thioxopyridine derivative followed by glycosylation using glucose and galactose. The furopyridine derivative 14 and the tricyclic pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine 15 were prepared via heterocyclization of the ester derivative followed by a reaction with formamide. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their ability to in vitro inhibit the CDK2 enzyme. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against four different human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549). The CDK2/cyclin A2 enzyme inhibitory results revealed that pyridone 1, 2-chloro-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)nicotinonitrile (4), 6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine (8), S-(3-cyano-6-(naphthaen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl) 2-chloroethanethioate (11), and ethyl 3-amino-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate (14) are among the most active inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.57, 0.24, 0.65, 0.50, and 0.93 µM, respectively, compared to roscovitine (IC50 0.394 μM). Most compounds showed significant inhibition on different human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549) with IC50 ranges of 31.3–49.0, 19.3–55.5, 22.7–44.8, and 36.8–70.7 μM, respectively compared to doxorubicin (IC50 40.0, 64.8, 24.7 and 58.1 µM, respectively). Furthermore, a molecular docking study suggests that most of the target compounds have a similar binding mode as a reference compound in the active site of the CDK2 enzyme. The structural requirements controlling the CDK2 inhibitory activity were determined through the generation of a statistically significant 2D-QSAR model.
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Ieda A, Wada M, Moriyasu Y, Okuno Y, Zaima N, Moriyama T. Ellagic Acid Suppresses ApoB Secretion and Enhances ApoA-1 Secretion from Human Hepatoma Cells, HepG2. Molecules 2021; 26:3885. [PMID: 34202121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, on the secretion of apolipoproteins from human hepatocytes, HepG2, was investigated. The levels of apoB and apoA-1 secreted in the cell culture medium were determined by sandwich ELISA. EA did not affect cell viability at the tested concentrations (up to 50 µM). EA suppressed the secretion of apoB and enhanced that of apoA-1 from HepG2 cells. However, cellular apoB levels were increased, suggesting that EA inhibited the trafficking of apoB during the process of secretion. In contrast, the increase in the cellular levels of apoA-1 was consistent with its secreted levels. These results indicate that EA inhibits the secretion of apoB from hepatocytes and increases the secretion of apoA-1. Both of these effects are beneficial for lipoprotein metabolism in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. The detailed mechanism underlying these effects of EA on lipoprotein metabolism should be elucidated in the future, but this naturally occurring polyphenolic compound might be antihyperlipidemic. Based on these results, EA is suggested as a candidate food-derived compound for the prevention of hyperlipidemia.
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Ung TT, Nguyen TT, Li S, Han JY, Jung YD. Nicotine stimulates CYP1A1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via AP-1, NF-κB, and AhR. Toxicol Lett 2021; 349:155-164. [PMID: 34171359 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a member of a subfamily of enzymes involved in the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous substrates and the chemical activation of xenobiotics to carcinogenic derivatives. Here, the effects of nicotine, a major psychoactive compound present in cigarette smoke, on CYP1A1 expression and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell proliferation were investigated. Nicotine stimulated CYP1A1 expression via the transcription factors, activator protein 1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as RelA (or p65), mediated the upregulation of CYP1A1 of nicotine in HepG2 cells. The antioxidant compound, N-acetyl-cysteine, abrogated nicotine-activated production of reactive oxygen species and inhibited CYP1A1 expression by nicotine. Furthermore, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Thus, these results demonstrated that AhR played an important role in nicotine-induced CYP1A1 expression. Additionally, liver hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells treated with nicotine exhibited markedly enhanced proliferation via CYP1A1 expression and Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Thuan Ung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea; Nanogen Biopharmaceutical Company, Lot I - 5C Saigon Hitech Park, Tang Nhon Phu A Ward, District 9, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thinh Nguyen
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea; Nanogen Biopharmaceutical Company, Lot I - 5C Saigon Hitech Park, Tang Nhon Phu A Ward, District 9, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Shinan Li
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
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216
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Uong TNT, Yoon MS, Lee KH, Hyun H, Nam TK, Min JJ, Nguyen HPQ, Kim SK. Live cell imaging of highly activated natural killer cells against human hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:799-809. [PMID: 34176769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Tracking administered natural killer (NK) cells in vivo is critical for developing an effective NK cell-based immunotherapy against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here the authors established a new molecular imaging using ex vivo-activated NK cells and investigated real-time biodistribution of administered NK cells during HCC progression. METHODS Ex vivo-expanded NK cells from healthy donors were labeled with a near-infrared lipophilic cytoplasmic dye, and their proliferation, surface receptor expression and cytotoxicity activity were evaluated. Human HCC HepG2 cells were implanted into the livers of NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid IL2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. The authors administered 1,1'-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR)-labeled NK cells intravenously to non-tumor-bearing and intrahepatic HCC tumor-bearing NSG mice. Fluorescent imaging was performed using a fluorescence-labeled organism bioimaging instrument. Single cell suspensions from the resected organs were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS The fluorescent DiR dye was nontoxic and did not affect the proliferation or surface receptor expression levels of the NK cells, even at high doses. The administered DiR-labeled NK cells immediately migrated to the lungs of the non-tumor-bearing NSG mice, with increased NK cell signals evident in the liver and spleen after 4 h. NK cells migrated to the intrahepatic tumor-bearing livers of both early- and late-stage HCC mice within 1 h of injection. In early-stage intrahepatic tumor-bearing mice, the fluorescence signal increased in the liver until 48 h post-injection and decreased 7 days after NK injection. In late-stage HCC, the NK cell fluorescence signal was the highest in the liver for 7 days after NK injection and persisted for 14 days. The purity of long-term persistent CD45+CD56+CD3- NK cells was highest in early- and late-stage HepG2-bearing liver compared with normal liver 2 weeks after NK injection, whereas highest purity was still observed in the lungs of non-tumor-bearing mice. In addition, Ki-67 expression was detected in migrated human NK cells in the liver and lung up to 72 h after administration. With HepG2 tumor progression, NK cells reduced the expression of NKp30 and NKG2D. CONCLUSIONS Administered NK cells were successfully tracked in vivo by labeling the NK cells with near-infrared DiR dye. Highly expanded, activated NK cells migrated rapidly to the tumor-bearing liver, where they persisted for 14 days after administration, with high purity of CD45+CD56+CD3- NK cells. Liver biodistribution and persistence of administered NK cells showed significantly different accumulation patterns during HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Nguyen Thanh Uong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Sun Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoon Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Keun Nam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Huy Phuoc Quang Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ki Kim
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
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Pohan G, Espinosa JA, Chen S, Ang KK, Arkin MR, Markossian S. Multiparametric High-Content Assays to Measure Cell Health and Oxidative Damage as a Model for Drug-Induced Liver Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 12:e90. [PMID: 33315311 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury is an important cause of non-approval in drug development and the withdrawal of already approved drugs from the market. Screening human hepatic cell lines for toxicity has been used extensively to predict drug-induced liver injury in preclinical drug development. Assessing hepatic-cell health with more diverse markers will increase the value of in vitro assays and help predict the mechanism of toxicity. We describe three live cell-based assays using HepG2 cells to measure cell health parameters indicative of hepatotoxicity. The first assay measures cellular ATP levels using luciferase. The second and third assays are multiparametric high-content screens covering a panel of cell health markers including cell count, mitochondrial membrane potential and structure, nuclear morphology, vacuolar density, and reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Measurement of cellular ATP content Basic Protocol 2: High-content analysis assay to assess cell count, mitochondrial membrane potential and structure, and reactive oxygen species Basic Protocol 3: High-content analysis assay to assess nuclear morphology, vacuoles, and glutathione content Support Protocol 1: Subculturing and maintaining HepG2 cells Support Protocol 2: Plating HepG2 cell line Support Protocol 3: Transferring compounds by pin tool Support Protocol 4: Generating dose-response curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Pohan
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jether Amos Espinosa
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Kenny K Ang
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarine Markossian
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Current address: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
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El-Shahat M, Salama MAM, El-Farargy AF, Ali MM, Ahmed DM. Effective Pharmacophore for CDC25 Phosphatases Enzyme Inhibitors: Newly Synthesized Bromothiazolopyrimidine Derivatives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:118-131. [PMID: 32560601 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200619182519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazolopyrimidine analogues are versatile synthetic scaffold possessing wide spectrum of biological interests involving potential anticancer activity. OBJECTIVE To report the synthesis of novel bromothiazolopyrimidine derivatives and the study of both molecular modeling and in-vitro anticancer activity. METHODS Novel bromothiazolopyrimidine derivatives 5-18 have been prepared from 2-bromo-3-(4- chlorophenyl)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-propenone 3 as a key starting compound. The anti-cancer activities of the new compounds were evaluated against HepG2, MCF-7, A549 and HCT116 cell lines. RESULTS The compounds 16, 17 and 18 showed cytotoxic and growth inhibitory activities on both colon and lung cells. The cytotoxic activities of the novel synthetic compounds 8, 9, 11, 16, 17 and 18 were due to CDC25 phosphatases inhibition as shown by the enzymatic binding assay. Although compounds 8, 9 and 11 have only demonstrated CDC25B phosphatases inhibition. CONCLUSION The novel bromothiazolopyrimidine derivatives showed promising in vitro anticancer activities against colon cancer HCT116 and lung cancer A549 cell lines comparable to the anticancer drug doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El-Shahat
- Department of Photochemistry, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL-Bohouth St., P.O. Box: 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mowafia A M Salama
- Department of Photochemistry, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL-Bohouth St., P.O. Box: 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Farargy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig Univerisity, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, 33 EL-Bohouth St., P.O. Box: 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Liu Y, Bian Y, Luo X, Wang C, Mu D, Pan G, Wu J, Shi H. Synergistic effect of docosahexaenoic acid or conjugated linoleic acid with caffeic acid on ameliorating oxidative stress of HepG2 cells. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3240-3251. [PMID: 34118075 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the synergistic effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) with caffeic acid (CA) on ameliorating oxidative stress, thereby introducing CA to DHA or CLA will contribute significantly to enhance the bioactivity. We observed that DHA or CLA with CA promoted the recovery of intact individual morphology and the decline of cavities inside the nucleus and apoptosis under the observation of confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescent inverted microscope. The activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, pyruvate and malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular morphology, and cell cycle were analyzed. Our results showed that DHA or CLA with CA enhanced the activity of CAT and GSH-Px, decreased LDH leakage and the number of apoptotic, significantly inhibited (ROS-induced cellular injury. Cell arrest in G1 and G2 phase during cell mitosis was reduced by the measurement of flow cytometry. DHA or CLA combined with CA could markedly strengthen the free radical scavenging and endogenous antioxidant defense capacity on HepG2 cells. This study provides a new direction in the application of synergies to antioxidant compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Caffeic acid (CA) can synergize with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to enhance antioxidant capacity. This study highlighted an effect of ameliorating oxidative stress injury DHA or CLA with CA on HepG2 cells. The data indicated that DHA or CLA with CA might be used to relieve oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Bian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xue Luo
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Delun Mu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Guoyang Pan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Haisu Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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220
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Wang Q, Zhang H, Ren QQ, Ye TH, Liu YM, Zheng CS, Zhou GF, Xia XW. Sublethal hyperthermia enhances anticancer activity of doxorubicin in chronically hypoxic HepG2 cells through ROS-dependent mechanism. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210442. [PMID: 34060621 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20210442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal ablation in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been reported to exert a more powerful antitumor effect than thermal ablation alone in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether sublethal hyperthermia encountered in the periablation zone during thermal ablation enhances the anticancer activity of doxorubicin in chronically hypoxic (encountered in the tumor area after TACE) liver cancer cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, HepG2 cells precultured under chronic hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen) were treated in a 42°C water bath for 15 or 30 min, followed by incubation with doxorubicin. Assays were then performed to determine intracellular uptake of doxorubicin, cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity. The results confirmed that sublethal hyperthermia enhanced the intracellular uptake of doxorubicin into hypoxic HepG2 cells. Hyperthermia combined with doxorubicin led to a greater inhibition of cell viability and increased apoptosis in hypoxic HepG2 cells as compared with hyperthermia or doxorubicin alone. In addition, the combination induced apoptosis by increasing ROS and causing disruption of MMP. Pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine significantly inhibited the apoptotic response, suggesting that cell death is ROS-dependent. These findings suggested that sublethal hyperthermia enhances the anticancer activity of doxorubicin in hypoxic HepG2 cells via a ROS-dependent mechanism.
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Wang H, Wang L, Li J, Fu F, Zheng Y, Zhang L. Molecular characterization, expression and functional analysis of yak IFITM3 gene. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:349-357. [PMID: 34119542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
IFITM3 is interferon-induced transmembrane 3, which plays an extremely key role in anti-proliferation, anti-virus and anti-tumor diseases. In this study, the yak (Bos grunniens) IFITM3 (BgIFITM3) gene contained a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) (25 bp), a coding region (441 bp), and a 3'-UTR (115 bp). The expression of BgIFITM3 gene in liver was significantly higher than that in heart, spleen, lung and kidney (P < 0.01). BgIFITM3 protein was localized on the yak hepatocyte plasma membrane, and its expression was significantly different between 1 day and 15 months of age (P < 0.05). Moreover, the prokaryotic expression vector of BgIFITM3 protein was constructed and expressed successfully, with a molecular weight of 19.5 kDa. The activities of yak hepatocyte were significantly inhibited after treating with BgIFITM3 protein (10 and 20 μg/mL) (P < 0.01). The expression levels of ERBB-2, IRS-1, PI3KR-1, AKT-1 and MAPK-3 were significantly lower after treating with 20 μg/mL BgIFITM3 protein (P < 0.05). Besides, the activities of HepG2 cells were significantly inhibited after treating with BgIFITM3 protein (1, 10 and 20 μg/mL) (P < 0.05). While, the cloning ability and migration ability of HepG2 cells were significantly inhibited after treating with 10 μg/mL BgIFITM3 protein (P < 0.05). Finally, the mitochondria of HepG2 cells was concentrated, cristae widened, and the double film density of mitochondria was increased after treating with 10 μg/mL BgIFITM3 protein. After 10 μg/mL BgIFITM3 protein treating, the expression levels of VDAC-2, VDAC-3 and p53 genes were significantly increased, but the expression level of GPX-4 gene was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Taken together, the BgIFITM3 protein could inhibit the proliferations of yak hepatocyte and HepG2 cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway or ferroptosis-related genes, respectively. These results benefit for further study of the function of BgIFITM3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Altannavch N, Zhou X, Khan MA, Ahmed A, Naranmandakh S, Fu JJ, Chen HC. Anti-Oxidant and Anticancerous Effect of Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr. Bond. et Sing) Mushroom on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro through NF-kB Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1561-1570. [PMID: 34102992 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr. Bond. et Sing) is a medicinal mushroom, commonly called 'Agarikon', traditionally used to treat cough and asthma in the Mongolian population. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the significance of biological activity of F. officinalis, and evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activity of six fractions of F. officinalis residues (Fo1-powder form dissolved in ethanol, Fo2-petroleum ether residue, Fo3-chloroformic, Fo4-ethylacetate, Fo5-buthanolic, and Fo6-water-ethanolic) against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS We performed in vitro studies of cell proliferation and viability assay, annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide assay, and NF-kB signaling pathway by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Our findings revealed that all six fractions/extracts have antioxidant activity, and somehow, they exert anticancerous effects against cancer cells. In cancerous cell lines (HepG2 and LO2), Fo3 chloroformic extract promoted the cancer cell apoptosis, cell viability, activated G2/M-phase cell cycle, and selectively induced NF-kB proteins, revealing itself as a novel antitumor extract. CONCLUSION This study reports that Fo3-chloroformic extract is rich in antitumor activity; it was previously not investigated in cancer. To study the impact of F. officinalis among natural products to treat/prevent oxidative stress disorders or cancers, further examinations are needed. However, this study assessed only one extract, Fo3-chloroformic, which has a significant impact on cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyamsambuu Altannavch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shinen Naranmandakh
- School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201. Mongolia
| | - Jun-Jiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Han-Chun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, China
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El-Far YM, Khodir AE, Noor AO, Almasri DM, Bagalagel AA, Diri RM, Kutbi HI, Al-Gayyar MMH. Selective cytotoxic activity and protective effects of sodium ascorbate against hepatocellular carcinoma through its effect on oxidative stress and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Redox Rep 2021; 25:17-25. [PMID: 32172678 PMCID: PMC7144217 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1739870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by elevated in oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which enhance destructive effects of the tumor. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the protective effects of sodium ascorbate against thioacetamide-induced HCC in rats through studying its effect on the apoptotic pathway in rats. In addition, in vitro activity of sodium ascorbate was investigated on HepG2 and compared with cisplatin. Methods: HCC was experimentally induced by injecting rats with 200 mg/kg thioacetamide intraperitoneally twice weekly for 16 weeks. Part of HCC rats was concomitantly treated with 100 mg/kg sodium ascorbate intraperitoneally during the 16-week period. Hepatic tissues were used for the determination of NFκB, Nrf2, TNF-α, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. Results: Sodium ascorbate significantly attenuated HCC-induced reduction in the expression of NrF2 associated with a reduction in concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. In addition, sodium ascorbate blocked HCC-induced increase in the expression of NFκB and TNF-α. Sodium ascorbate slightly increased the activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in vitro but inhibited their activities in vivo. Conclusion: In spite of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of sodium ascorbate, it produced selective cytotoxic activity via direct activation of the apoptotic pathway in cancer cells without affecting the apoptotic pathway in normal hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra M El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Khodir
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Dakhliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmad O Noor
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deina M Almasri
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Bagalagel
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Diri
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam I Kutbi
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Liu H, Huang H, Xiao X, Zhao Z, Liu C. Effects of Phthalate Esters (PAEs) on Cell Viability and Nrf2 of HepG2 and 3D-QSAR Studies. Toxics 2021; 9:134. [PMID: 34198862 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are a widespread environmental pollutant, and their ecological and environmental health risks have gradually attracted attention. To reveal the toxicity characteristics of these compounds, ten PAEs were selected as research objects to establish a cell model. CCK-8 was used to determine cell viability, Western blots were used to determine the content of Nrf2 in HepG2, and the LD50 collected for the 13 PAEs administered to rats. On this basis, 3D-QSAR models of IC50, LD50 and Nrf2 were established. The experimental results showed that as the time of PAEs exposure increased (24, 48 and 72 h), cell viability gradually decreased. The test concentration (62.5 /125/250 μM) of PAEs exposed for 48 h could significantly increase the content of Nrf2, and the 1000 μM PAEs could inhibit the content of Nrf2. The model is relatively stable and predicts well that the introduction of large and hydrophobic groups may significantly affect the toxic effects of PAEs on cells. The present study provided a potential tool for predicting the LD50 and Nrf2 of new PAEs, and provide a reference for the design of new less toxic PAEs in the future.
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Errafii K, Al-Akl NS, Khalifa O, Arredouani A. Comprehensive analysis of LncRNAs expression profiles in an in vitro model of steatosis treated with Exendin-4. J Transl Med 2021; 19:235. [PMID: 34078383 PMCID: PMC8173795 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Currently, no pharmacotherapy exists for NAFLD. However, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have recently emerged as potential therapeutics. Here, we sought to identify the long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) associated with the steatosis improvement induced by the GLP-1R agonist Exendin-4 (Ex-4) in vitro. Methods Steatosis was induced in HepG2 cells with oleic acid. The transcriptomic profiling was performed using total RNA extracted from untreated, steatotic, and Ex-4-treated steatotic cells. We validated a subset of differentially expressed LncRNAs with qRT-PCR and identified the most significantly enriched cellular functions associated with the relevant LncRNAs. Results We confirm that Ex-4 improves steatosis in HepG2 cells. We found 379 and 180 differentially expressed LncRNAs between untreated and steatotic cells and between steatotic and Ex-4-treated steatotic cells, respectively. Interestingly, 22 upregulated LncRNAs in steatotic cells became downregulated with Ex-4 exposure, while 50 downregulated LncRNAs in steatotic cells became upregulated in the presence of Ex-4. Although some LncRNAs, such as MALAT1, H19, and NEAT1, were previously associated with NAFLD, the association of others with steatosis and the positive effect of Ex-4 is being reported for the first time. Functional enrichment analysis identified many critical pathways, including fatty acid and pyruvate metabolism, and insulin, PPAR, Wnt, TGF-β, mTOR, VEGF, NOD-like, and Toll-like receptors signaling pathways. Conclusion Our results suggest that LncRNAs may play essential roles in the mechanisms underlying steatosis improvement in response to GLP-1R agonists and warrant further functional studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02885-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Errafii
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Neyla S Al-Akl
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Olfa Khalifa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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Le B, Anh PT, Yang SH. Polysaccharide Derived from Nelumbo nucifera Lotus Plumule Shows Potential Prebiotic Activity and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1780. [PMID: 34071638 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are key bioactive compounds in lotus plumule tea, but their anti-diabetes activities remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prebiotic activities of a novel polysaccharide fraction from the Nelumbo nucifera lotus plumule, and to examine its regulation of glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. The N. nucifera polysaccharide (NNP) was purified after discoloration, hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography to obtain purified polysaccharide fractions (NNP-2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the main structural characteristics and functional group of NNP-2. Physicochemical characterization indicated that NNP-2 had a molecular weight of 110.47 kDa and consisted of xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 33.4:25.7:22.0:10.5:8.1. The prebiotic activity of NNP-2 was demonstrated in vitro using Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, NNP-2 showed bioactivity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 97.32 µg/mL). High glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were used to study the effect of NNP-2 on glucose consumption, and the molecular mechanism of the insulin transduction pathway was studied using RT-qPCR. NNP-2 could improve insulin resistance by modulating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Our data demonstrated that the Nelumbo nucifera polysaccharides are potential sources for nutraceuticals, and we propose functional food developments from the bioactive polysaccharides of N. nucifera for the management of diabetes.
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Kowalczuk A, Bourebaba N, Kornicka-Garbowska K, Turlej E, Marycz K, Bourebaba L. Hyoscyamus albus nortropane alkaloids reduce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced in HepG2 cells through the regulation of SIRT1/NF-kB/JNK pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:61. [PMID: 34034759 PMCID: PMC8152357 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic superphysiological glucose and insulin concentrations are known to trigger several tissue and organ failures, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Hence, the screening for molecules that may counteract such conditions is essential in current existing therapeutic strategies, thereby the use of medicinal plant derivatives represents a promising axis in this regard. METHODS In this study, the effect of a selected traditional medicinal plant, Hyoscyamus albus from which, calystegines have been isolated, was investigated in an experimental model of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia induced on HepG2 cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of different insulin signaling, gluconeogenic and inflammatory pathway- related molecules were examined. Additionally, cell viability and apoptosis, oxidative stress extent and mitochondrial dysfunctions were assayed using flow cytometric and qRT-PCR techniques. RESULTS Treatment of IR HepG2 cells with calystegines strongly protected the injured cells from apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial integrity loss. Interestingly, nortropane alkaloids efficiently regulated the impaired glucose metabolism in IR HepG2 cells, through the stimulation of glucose uptake and the modulation of SIRT1/Foxo1/G6PC/mTOR pathway, which is governing the hepatic gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, the alkaloidal extract restored the defective insulin signaling pathway, mainly by promoting the expression of Insr at the mRNA and protein levels. What is more, treated cells exhibited significant mitigated inflammatory response, as evidenced by the modulation and the regulation of the NF- κB/JNK/TLR4 axis and the downstream proinflammatory cytokines recruitment. CONCLUSION Overall, the present investigation demonstrates that calystegines from Hyoscyamus albus provide cytoprotection to the HepG2 cells against insulin/glucose induced insulin resistance and apoptosis due to the regulation of SIRT1/Foxo1/G6PC/mTOR and NF-κB/JNK/TLR4 signaling pathways. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalczuk
- grid.419694.70000 0004 0622 0266National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nabila Bourebaba
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Malin, Wisznia Mała, Poland ,grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Eliza Turlej
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Malin, Wisznia Mała, Poland ,Collegium Medicum, Institute of Medical Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University (UKSW), Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Malin, Wisznia Mała, Poland ,grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Krasnov G, Shkrigunov T, Radko S, Ptitsyn K, Shapovalova V, Timoshenko O, Khmeleva S, Kurbatov L, Kiseleva Y, Ilgisonis E, Kiseleva O, Vakhrushev I, Tsvetkova A, Buromski I, Markin S, Archakov A, Lisitsa A, Ponomarenko E. Human Chr18 transcriptome dataset combined from the Illumina HiSeq, ONT MinION, and qPCR data. Data Brief 2021; 36:107130. [PMID: 34095379 PMCID: PMC8166769 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosome-centric dataset was created by applying several technologies of transcriptome profiling. The described dataset is available at NCBI repository (BioProject ID PRJNA635536). The dataset referred to the same type of tissue, cell lines, transcriptome sequencing technologies, and was accomplished in a period of 8 years (the first data were obtained in 2013 while the last ones - in 2020). The high-throughput sequencing technologies were employed along with the quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach, for data generation using the gene expression level assessment. qPCR was performed for a limited group of genes, encoded on human chromosome 18, for the Russian part of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project. The data of high-throughput sequencing are provided as Excel spreadsheets, where the data on FPKM and TMP values were evaluated for the whole transcriptome with both Illumina HiSeq and Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Krasnov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sergey Radko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Valeriya Shapovalova
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Yana Kiseleva
- Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Buromski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of General Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Zhao H, Yan L, Guo L, Sun H, Huang Q, Shao D, Jiang C, Shi J. Effects of Bacillus subtilis iturin A on HepG2 cells in vitro and vivo. AMB Express 2021; 11:67. [PMID: 33970365 PMCID: PMC8110684 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iturin A with cyclic peptide and fatty acid chain isolated from Bacillus subtilis fermentation shows a variety of biological activities. Among them, the anticancer activity attracted much attention. However, the molecular mechanism of its inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma was still unclear. Thus its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma was tested in this research. It was found that iturin A could enter HepG2 cells immediately and cause reactive oxygen species burst, disrupt cell cycle and induce apoptosis, paraptosis and autophagy in vitro. The iturin A without fatty acid chain showed no antitumor activity. Amphiphilic is critical to the activity of iturin A. The anticancer activity of iturin A to hepatocellular carcinoma was also verified in mice models carrying xenograft tumors constructed by HepG2 cells. At a dosage of 3 mg/kg/day, iturin A significantly inhibited the further increase of the tumor weight by 58.55%, and reduced the expression of Ki67 in tumor. In the tumor treated with iturin A, lymphocyte infiltration was found, and the expressions of TGF-β1and PD-L1 were decreased, which indicated that the tumor immune microenvironment was improved. Besides, iturin A showed no significant harm on the health of mice except slight disturbance of liver function. These results suggested that iturin A had significant antitumor effect in vitro and vivo, and provide a basis for the application of iturin A as anticancer agent.
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Hafez HN, El-Gazzar ARBA. Synthesis of Novel Pyridine Bearing Biologically Active Imidiazolyl, Pyrazolyl, Oxa/thiadiazolyl and Urea Derivatives as Promising Anticancer Agents. Curr Org Synth 2021; 17:55-64. [PMID: 32103718 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666191223163225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel series of pyridine containing 1,3,4-oxa/thiadiazol derivatives 4a,b, pyrazole derivatives 5-7, thiazole derivatives 9a,b and 17a-c, urea derivatives 12a-c, imidiazole derivative 16, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives 18a, b, tetrazole 19, pyrane 20 and pyridine derivatives 21 has been synthesized. OBJECTIVE This research aims to synthesize 6-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] amino} nicotinohydrazide 2 and 6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino} pyridin-3-carboaldhyde 15 as key intermediate for the synthesis of novel pyridine derivatives bearing different heterocyclic rings in order to study the additive effect of this ring toward tumor cell lines. METHODS 6-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino} nicotinohydrazide 2 was synthesized in a series of synthetic steps and was used as key intermediate for the synthesis of compounds 3-(1,3,4- oxa/thiadiazol-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(3- trifluoromethyl) phenyl) pyridin-2-amine 4a,b, (3,5-dimethyl- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl derivatives) [6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-{[3- trifluoromethyl) phenyl] amino} pyridin-3- yl]methanone 5a,b, 6-8, 9a,b and 12a-c. Also, 6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino} pyridin-3-carboaldhyde (15) was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of novel series of pyridine derivatives with different heterocyclic ring (16-21). RESULTS Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against liver cancer (HepG2), human colon cancer (HT-29) and human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7). CONCLUSION All the synthesized compounds were investigated for their in vitro antitumor activity. Compounds 4b, 9a,b and 19 showed higher antitumor activity than the doxorubicin. Interestingly, pyridine with pfluorophenyl urea 12a demonstrated the most potent antitumor activity. The activity of these compounds is strongly dependent on the basic skeleton of the molecules and the nature of the heterocyclic ring attached to the pyridine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend N Hafez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box: 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia.,Photochemistry Department, (Heterocyclic & Nucleosides Unit), National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rahman B A El-Gazzar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box: 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia.,Photochemistry Department, (Heterocyclic & Nucleosides Unit), National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Chen X, Shen J, Xu J, Herald T, Smolensky D, Perumal R, Wang W. Sorghum Phenolic Compounds Are Associated with Cell Growth Inhibition through Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Hepatocarcinoma and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Foods 2021; 10:993. [PMID: 34062914 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds in some specialty sorghums have been associated with cancer prevention. However, direct evidence and the underlying mechanisms for this are mostly unknown. In this study, phenolics were extracted from 13 selected sorghum accessions with black pericarp while F10000 hybrid with white pericarp was used as a control, and cell growth inhibition was studied in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. Total phenolic contents of the 13 high phenolic grains, as determined by Folin–Ciocalteu, were 30–64 mg GAE/g DW in the phenolic extracts of various accessions compared with the control F10000 at 2 mg GAE/g DW. Treatment of HepG2 with the extracted phenolics at 0–200 μM GAE up to 72 h resulted in a dose- and time-dependent reduction in cell numbers. The values of IC50 varied from 85 to 221 mg DW/mL while the control of F10000 was 1275 mg DW/mL. The underlying mechanisms were further examined using the highest phenolic content of PI329694 and the lowest IC50 of PI570481, resulting in a non-cytotoxic decrease in cell number that was significantly correlated with increased cell cycle arrest at G2/M and apoptotic cells in both HepG2 and Caco-2 cells. Taken together, these results indicated, for the first time, that inhibition of either HepG2 or Caco-2 cell growth by phenolic extracts from 13 selected sorghum accessions was due to cytostatic and apoptotic but not cytotoxic mechanisms, suggesting some specialty sorghums are a valuable, functional food, providing sustainable phenolics for potential cancer prevention.
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232
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Pocasap P, Nonpunya A, Weerapreeyakul N. Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon induces apoptotic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell via intrinsic pathway by PARP and Topoisomerase I suppression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111628. [PMID: 33940508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (PK), widely found in Southeast Asia, has been traditionally used for the treatment of several illnesses. Our previous studies showed that PK was highly cytotoxicity against liver cancer cells. The detailed mechanism of anticancer action of 50% hydro-ethanolic extract of PK's twig was, therefore, investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity of PK was determined by using NR assay, followed by determination of the mode of cell death by flow cytometry. The apoptosis-inducing effect was determined based on caspases activity, mitochondria membrane potential change, and expression of proteins related to apoptosis by western blot. The biomolecular alteration in the PK-treated HepG2 cells was investigated by FTIR microspectroscopy. Inhibition of topoisomerase I enzyme was determined by using DNA relaxation assay. Results showed that PK displayed high selective cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis against HepG2. FTIR microspectroscopy indicated that PK altered major biomolecules in HepG2 different from melphalan (a positive control), indicating a different mechanism of anticancer action. PK induced apoptotic cell death through the intrinsic pathway by increasing caspases 9 and 3/7 activity, increasing Bax, and decreasing Bcl-2 expression leading to mitochondrial membrane potential changes. PK also inhibited Top I and PARP activity that triggered an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The phytochemical test presented terpenoids (i.e., α-pinene confirmed by GC-MS), alkaloids, steroids, xanthone, reducing sugar, and saponin. α-Pinene exhibited low cytotoxicity against HepG2, therefore, several terpene derivatives may work synergistically for inducing apoptosis. Our data demonstrated that PK has the potential for further study with chemotherapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piman Pocasap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand; Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Apiyada Nonpunya
- Merz Healthcare (Thailand) Company Limited, Bangkok 10110 Thailand.
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Jiao H, Shuai X, Luo Y, Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Li B, Gu G, Li W, Li M, Zeng H, Guo X, Xiao Y, Song Z, Gan L, Huang Q. Deep Insight Into Long Non-coding RNA and mRNA Transcriptome Profiling in HepG2 Cells Expressing Genotype IV Swine Hepatitis E Virus ORF3. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:625609. [PMID: 33996960 PMCID: PMC8116512 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.625609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine hepatitis E (swine HE) is a new type of zoonotic infectious disease caused by the swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV). Open reading frame 3 (ORF3) is an important virulent protein of swine HEV, but its function still is mainly unclear. In this study, we generated adenoviruses ADV4-ORF3 and ADV4 negative control (ADV4-NC), which successfully mediated overexpression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-ORF3 and EGFP, respectively, in HepG2 cells. High-throughput sequencing was used to screen for differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The cis-target genes of lncRNAs were predicted, functional enrichment (Gene Ontology [GO] and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes [KEGG]) was performed, and 12 lncRNAs with statistically significant different expressions (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 1) were selected for further quantitative real-time reverse transcription (qRT-PCR) validation. In HepG2 cells, we identified 62 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (6,564 transcripts) and 319 lncRNAs (124 known lncRNAs and 195 novel lncRNAs) that were affected by ORF3, which were involved in systemic lupus erythematosus, Staphylococcus aureus infection, signaling pathways pluripotency regulation of stem cells, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, and platinum drug resistance pathways. Cis-target gene prediction identified 45 lncRNAs corresponding to candidate mRNAs, among which eight were validated by qRT-PCR: LINC02476 (two transcripts), RAP2C-AS1, AC016526, AL139099, and ZNF337-AS1 (3 transcripts). Our results revealed that the lncRNA profile in host cells affected by ORF3, swine HEV ORF3, might affect the pentose and glucuronate interconversions and mediate the formation of obstructive jaundice by influencing bile secretion, which will help to determine the function of ORF3 and the infection mechanism and treatment of swine HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Veterinary Scientific Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehong Shuai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Veterinary Scientific Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yichen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Veterinary Scientific Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojing Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhui Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Veterinary Scientific Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Veterinary Scientific Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingzhou Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Veterinary Scientific Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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234
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Kumar S, Bouic PJ, Rosenkranz B. Investigation of CYP2B6, 3A4 and β-esterase interactions of Withania somnifera (L.) dunal in human liver microsomes and HepG2 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 270:113766. [PMID: 33395575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) is a traditional herb, used in African indigenous systems of medicine for the treatment of various diseases (including HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis). The relevance of clinically significant interactions of Withania with ARVs and anti-TB drugs needs to be investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the effects of its roots on cytochromes P450 (CYPs) 2B6, 3A4, and rifampicin metabolism pathway, using methanol, ethanol, aqueous, and ethyl acetate solvent extractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extracts were tested on human liver microsomes (HLM) for CYP inhibition, mRNA expression in HepG2 cells for CYP induction. Biochemical qualitative tests and LC-MS/MS methodology were used to determine active phytoconstituents. RESULTS The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts inhibited CYP2B6 with IC50s 79.16 and 57.96 μg/ml respectively, while none of the extracts had any effect on rifampicin metabolism or showed time-dependant inhibition (TDI). All extracts were moderate inducers of CYP3A4; the aqueous extract exhibited 38%-fold shift induction of CYP3A4 compared to the control. The methanolic extract had the lowest CTC50 (50% of cytotoxicity inhibition) (67.13 ± 0.83 μg/ml). LC-MS/MS-PDA full scans were consistent with the presence of flavone salvigenin (m/z 327), alkaloid isopelletierine (m/z 133), steroidal lactone 2,3-dihydrowithaferin-A (m/z 472), and other withanolides including withaperuvin I (m/z 533), withaferin derivative (m/z 567), some of these compounds likely being responsible for the observed CYP2B6 inhibition and CYP3A4 induction. The putative gastrointestinal tract (GIT) concentration for the active extracts was 1800 μg/ml and the hepatic circulation concentrations were estimated at about 220 μg/ml and 13.5 μg/ml for the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. The extrapolated in vivo percentage of inhibition was at 85% for the methanolic extract against CYP2B6. CONCLUSIONS The findings reported in this study suggest that W. somnifera extracts have the potential of causing clinically significant herb-drug interactions (HDI) as moderate inducer of CYP3A4 and inhibitor of CYP2B6 metabolism pathway (methanol and ethyl acetate extracts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saneesh Kumar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Patrick J Bouic
- Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Synexa Life Sciences, Montague Gardens, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Bernd Rosenkranz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
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235
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Dutta SM, Chen G, Maiti S. Profiles of Two Glycaemia Modifying Drugs on the Expression of Rat and Human Sulfotransferases. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:240-248. [PMID: 33256575 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201130123837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the effects of blood glucose regulating compounds on human and rat sulfotransferases (SULTs) expressions. BACKGROUND Phase-II enzymes, sulfotransferases catalyze the sulfuryl-group-transfer to endogenous/exogenous compounds. The alteration of expressions of SULTs may have influence on the sulfation of its substrate and other biomolecules. OBJECTIVES The influence of the altered biotransformation might alter different biochemical events, drug-drug interactions and bioaccumulation or excretion pattern of certain drug. METHODS In this brief study, diabetes-inducing drug streptozotocin (STZ; 10 or 50 mg/kg to male Sprague Dawley rat for 2 weeks) or hyperglycemia controlling drug tolbutamide (TLB 0.1 or 10μM to human hepato-carcinoma cells, HepG2 for 10 days) was applied and the SULTs expressions were verified. Extensive protein-protein (STa, SULT2A1/DHEAST) interactions were studied by the STRING (Search-Tool-for-the-Retrieval-of-Interacting Genes/Proteins) Bioinformatics-software. RESULTS Present result suggests that while STZ increased the STa (in rat) (dehydroepiandrosterone catalyzing SULT; DHEAST in human HepG2), tolbutamide decreased PPST (phenol catalyzing SULT) and DHEAST activity in human HepG2 cells. Moderate decreases of MPST (monoamine catalyzing SULT) and EST (estrogen catalyzing) activities are noticed in this case. STa/DHEAST was found to be highly interactive to SHBG/- sex-hormone-binding-globulin; PPARα/lipid-metabolism-regulator; FABP1/fatty-acid-binding-protein. CONCLUSION Streptozotocin and tolbutamide, these two glycaemia-modifying drugs demonstrated regulation of rat and human SULTs activities. The reciprocal nature of these two drugs on SULTs expression may be associated with their contrasting abilities in influencing glucose-homeostasis. Possible association of certain SULT-isoform with hepatic fat-regulations may indicate an unfocused link between calorie-metabolism and the glycemic-state of an individual. Explorations of this work may uncover the role of sulfation metabolism of specific biomolecule on cellular glycemic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita M Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Smarajit Maiti
- Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India
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Kovač U, Žužek Z, Raspor Dall'Olio L, Pohar K, Ihan A, Moškon M, Rozman D, Starčič Erjavec M. Escherichia coli Affects Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in Human Hepatoma Cells. Microorganisms 2021; 9:869. [PMID: 33920679 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has indicated that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can lead to an altered circadian clock of the mammalian host. Herein we developed an original system that allows real-time circadian studies of human HepG2 hepatoma cells co-cultured with bacteria. The HepG2 cells with stably integrated firefly luciferase reporter under the control of PERIOD2 promoter were co-cultured with E. coli strains isolated from human fecal samples from healthy individuals. The two E. coli strains differ in the phylogenetic group and the number of ExPEC virulence-associated genes: BJ17 has only two, and BJ23 has 15 of 23 tested. In the first 24 h, the E. coli BJ17 affected the HepG2 circadian clock more than BJ23. Cosinor analysis shows a statistically significant change in the amplitude of PER1 and 2 and the phase advance of PER3. A high percentage of necrotic and apoptotic cells occurred at 72 h, while a correlation between the number of ExPEC genes and the influence on the HepG2 core clock gene expression was observed. Our study reveals that the E. coli genetic background is important for the effect on the mammalian circadian clock genes, indicating possible future use of probiotic E. coli strains to influence the host circadian clock.
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237
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Coltman NJ, Coke BA, Chatzi K, Shepherd EL, Lalor PF, Schulz-Utermoehl T, Hodges NJ. Application of HepG2/C3A liver spheroids as a model system for genotoxicity studies. Toxicol Lett 2021; 345:34-45. [PMID: 33865918 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HepG2 cells continue to be a valuable tool in early drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. In the current study we develop a 3D in vitro liver model, using HepG2/C3A cells that is predictive of human genotoxic exposure. HepG2/C3A cells cultured for 7-days in agarose-coated microplates formed spheroids which were uniform in shape and had well defined outer perimeters and no evidence of a hypoxic core. Quantitative real-time-PCR analysis showed statistically significant transcriptional upregulation of xenobiotic metabolising genes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, UG1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, EPHX, NAT2) and genes linked to liver function (ALB, CAR) in 3D cultures. In response to three model pro-genotoxicants: benzo[a]pyrene, amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA), we observed further transcriptional upregulation of xenobiotic metabolising genes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, NAT1/2, SULT1A2, UGT1A1, UGT1A3) compared to untreated spheroids. Consistent with this, spheroids were more sensitive than 2D monolayers to compound induced single- and double- stranded DNA-damage as assessed by the comet assay and γH2AX phosphorylation respectively. In contrast, levels of DNA-damage induced by the direct acting mutagen 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO) was the same in spheroids and monolayers. In support of the enhanced genotoxic response in spheroids we also observed transcriptional upregulation of genes relating to DNA-damage and cellular stress response (e.g. GADD45A and CDKN1A) in spheroids. In conclusion, HepG2/C3A 3D spheroids are a sensitive model for in vitro genotoxicity assessment with potential applications in early stage drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Coltman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Brandon A Coke
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriaki Chatzi
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Shepherd
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Schulz-Utermoehl
- Sygnature Discovery, The Discovery Building, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas J Hodges
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Chitneni SK, Zhou Z, Watts BE, Zalutsky MR. Feasibility of Developing Radiotracers for MDM2: Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of an 18F-Labeled Analogue of the MDM2 Inhibitor SP-141. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:358. [PMID: 33924734 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine double minute 2 (MDM2), a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, is overexpressed in several human cancers. Herein we investigate the feasibility of developing 18F-labeled compounds based on the small molecule inhibitor SP-141 for imaging tumor MDM2 expression levels with positron emission tomography (PET). Three nonradioactive fluorinated SP-141 analogues, 1–3, were synthesized, and their binding to the MDM2 protein was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). One of these, a fluoroethoxy analogue, was labeled with fluorine-18 (18F) using 18F-fluorethyl bromide to provide [18F]1 and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. SPR analysis confirmed the binding of the fluorinated analogues to MDM2 at 1.25–20 µM concentrations. Cell uptake studies revealed high uptake (67.5–71.4%/mg protein) and specificity of [18F]1 in MCF7 and HepG2 cells. The uptake of [18F]1 in these cells could be modulated using 100 µM SP-141, potentially reflecting changes in MDM2 expression because of p53 activation by SP-141. [18F]1 exhibited stable uptake and retention in HepG2 tumor xenografts (~3 %ID/g) in vivo, but poor clearance from blood and other normal tissues, yielding low tumor-to-background ratios (<2) at 2 h post injection. Our results suggest that [18F]1 has suboptimal characteristics for in vivo evaluation as a PET tracer for MDM2, but warrant radiolabeling and assessment of the other fluorinated analogues synthesized in this work, 2 and 3, and potentially other molecular scaffolds for developing MDM2 targeted radiotracers.
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Cao QG, Guo Q, Bai J, Dong Y, Zhang XH, Hong WL. The apoptosis mechanisms of HepG2 cells induced by bitter melon seed. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13683. [PMID: 33844303 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Bitter melon seed (BMS) is well known for anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. MicroRNA-421 (miR-421) is considered as a regulator of cancer initiation, tumor metastasis, and progression, interfering with transcription of the mRNAs responsible for the cancer pathogenesis. HepG2 cells were treated with BMS water extract (BMSW) for 24 hr, and the IC50 was 586.27 ± 0.07 µg/ml. The ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, the protein expression, and the nuclear fragmentation after the treatment of BMSW were respectively detected. The increase of ROS resulted in the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, which induced the apoptosis of cells subsequently. BMSW inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells by blocking cell cycle in the S phase and influenced the nuclei and the expression of protein, leading to cellular laxity and apoptosis. The expression level of miR-421 in HepG2 was distinctly down-regulated by 13.74 fold with 600 µg/ml of BMSW. Comprehensive microarray and RT-PCR analysis identified six putative target genes of miR-421 (GADD45B, DUSP6, DUSP3, DUSP10, CASP3, and CAPN2). The relationships of DUSP6, CASP3, and miR-421 were further confirmed by miR-421 mimics/inhibitor transfection by RT-PCR and western blot. The CASP3 was identified as target gene of miR-421. BMSW induced the apoptosis of HepG2 cell by regulating miR-421 and CASP3. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumour with the fourth highest mortality rate in the world. Bitter melon seed (BMS) as edible and medical food has significant anticancer activity. Our study indicated the anticancer mechanisms of BMS and provided the scientific basis for the application of BMS in healthy or novel functional foods. BMS can be used as dietary supplements or nutritional fortifiers to improve the survival status of patients with liver cancer due to safety and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Guo Cao
- Department of College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen-Long Hong
- Department of College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
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240
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García-Pérez E, Ryu D, Lee C, Lee HJ. Ochratoxin A Induces Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells by Impairing the Gene Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:271. [PMID: 33918675 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin frequently found in raw and processed foods. While it is considered a possible human carcinogen, the mechanism of action remains unclear. OTA has been shown to be hepatotoxic in both in vitro and in vivo models and oxidative stress may be one of the factors contributing to its toxicity. Hence, the effect of OTA on human hepatocellular carcinoma, HepG2 cells, was investigated on oxidative stress parameters. The cytotoxicity of OTA on HepG2 was time- and dose-dependent within a range between 0.1 and 10 µM; while 100 μM of OTA increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, the levels of glutathione (GSH) were increased by 9.7% and 11.3% at 10 and 100 nM of OTA, respectively; while OTA at 100 μM depleted GSH by 40.5% after 24 h exposure compared with the control. Finally, the mRNA level of catalase (CAT) was downregulated by 2.33-, 1.92-, and 1.82-fold after cells were treated with 1, 10, and 10 μM OTA for 24 h, respectively; which was linked to a decrease in CAT enzymatic activity. These results suggest that oxidative stress is involved in OTA-mediated toxicity in HepG2 cells.
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Abruzzese V, Matera I, Martinelli F, Carmosino M, Koshal P, Milella L, Bisaccia F, Ostuni A. Effect of Quercetin on ABCC6 Transporter: Implication in HepG2 Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083871. [PMID: 33918053 PMCID: PMC8069417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a member of the flavonoid group of compounds, which is abundantly present in various dietary sources. It has excellent antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory activity and is very effective as an anti-cancer agent against various types of tumors, both in vivo and in vitro. Quercetin has been also reported to modulate the activity of some members of the multidrug-resistance transporters family, such as P-gp, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCG2, and the activity of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E/CD73), a key regulator in some tumor processes such as invasion, migration, and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the effect of Quercetin on ABCC6 expression in HepG2 cells. ABCC6 is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, poorly involved in drug resistance, whose mutations cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum, an inherited disease characterized by ectopic calcification of soft connective tissues. Recently, it has been reported that ABCC6 contributes to cytoskeleton rearrangements and HepG2 cell motility through purinergic signaling. Gene and protein expression were evaluated by quantitative Reverse-Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot, respectively. Actin cytoskeleton dynamics was evaluated by laser confocal microscopy using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin. Cell motility was analyzed by an in vitro wound-healing migration assay. We propose that ABCC6 expression may be controlled by the AKT pathway as part of an adaptative response to oxidative stress, which can be mitigated by the use of Quercetin-like flavonoids.
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242
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Lauria A, Martorana A, La Monica G, Mannino S, Mannino G, Peri D, Gentile C. In Silico Identification of Small Molecules as New Cdc25 Inhibitors through the Correlation between Chemosensitivity and Protein Expression Pattern. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3714. [PMID: 33918281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell division cycle 25 (Cdc25) protein family plays a crucial role in controlling cell proliferation, making it an excellent target for cancer therapy. In this work, a set of small molecules were identified as Cdc25 modulators by applying a mixed ligand-structure-based approach and taking advantage of the correlation between the chemosensitivity of selected structures and the protein expression pattern of the proposed target. In the first step of the in silico protocol, a set of molecules acting as Cdc25 inhibitors were identified through a new ligand-based protocol and the evaluation of a large database of molecular structures. Subsequently, induced-fit docking (IFD) studies allowed us to further reduce the number of compounds biologically screened. In vitro antiproliferative and enzymatic inhibition assays on the selected compounds led to the identification of new structurally heterogeneous inhibitors of Cdc25 proteins. Among them, J3955, the most active inhibitor, showed concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells, with GI50 in the low micromolar range. When J3955 was tested in cell-cycle perturbation experiments, it caused mitotic failure by G2/M-phase cell-cycle arrest. Finally, Western blotting analysis showed an increment of phosphorylated Cdk1 levels in cells exposed to J3955, indicating its specific influence in cellular pathways involving Cdc25 proteins.
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243
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Kuznietsova H, Byelinska I, Dziubenko N, Lynchak O, Milokhov D, Khilya O, Finiuk N, Klyuchivska O, Stoika R, Rybalchenko V. Suppression of systemic inflammation and signs of acute and chronic cholangitis by multi-kinase inhibitor 1-(4-Cl-benzyl)-3-chloro-4-(CF3-phenylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3021-3035. [PMID: 33792809 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An aberrant activity of growth factor receptors followed by excessive cell proliferation plays a significant role in pathogenesis of cholangitis. Therefore, inhibition of these processes could be a fruitful therapeutic strategy. The effects of multi-kinase inhibitor 1-(4-Cl-benzyl)-3-chloro-4-(CF3-phenylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (MI-1) on the hepatic and systemic manifestations of acute and chronic cholangitis in rats were addressed. MI-1 (2.7 mg/kg per day) was applied to male rats that experienced α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced acute (3 days) or chronic (28 days) cholangitis. Liver autopsy samples, blood serum markers, and leukograms were studied. MI-1 localization in liver cells and its impact on viability of HepG2 (human hepatoma), HL60 (human leukemia), and NIH3T3 (normal murine fibroblasts) cell lines and lymphocytes of human peripheral blood (MTT, DNA fragmentation, DNA comet assays, Propidium Iodide staining) were assessed. Under both acute and chronic cholangitis, MI-1 substantially reduced liver injury, fibrosis, and inflammatory scores (by 46-86%) and normalized blood serum markers and leukograms. Moreover, these effects were preserved after a 28-day recovery period (without any treatment). MI-1 inhibited the HL60, HepG2 cells, and human lymphocytes viability (IC50 0.6, 9.5 and 8.3 µg/ml, respectively), while NIH3T3 cells were resistant to that. Additionally, HepG2 cells and lymphocytes being incubated with MI-1 demonstrated insignificant pro-apoptotic and pro-necrotic changes and DNA single-strand breaks, suggesting that MI-1 effects in liver might be partly caused by its cytotoxic action towards liver cells and lymphocytes. In conclusion, MI-1 attenuated the systemic inflammation and signs of acute and chronic cholangitis partly through cytotoxicity towards cells of hepatic and leukocytic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Kuznietsova
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Iryna Byelinska
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Dziubenko
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Lynchak
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Demyd Milokhov
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga Khilya
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Finiuk
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olga Klyuchivska
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Rybalchenko
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
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El-Adl K, Sakr H, El-Hddad SSA, El-Helby AGA, Nasser M, Abulkhair HS. Design, synthesis, docking, ADMET profile, and anticancer evaluations of novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000491. [PMID: 33788290 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of novel thiazolidine-2,4-diones was evaluated against HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells. Among the tested cancer cell lines, HCT-116 was the most sensitive one to the cytotoxic effect of the new derivatives. In particular, compounds 18, 11, and 10 were found to be the most potent derivatives among all the tested compounds against the HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 38.76 to 53.99 µM. The most active antiproliferative derivatives (7-14 and 15-19) were subjected to further biological studies to evaluate their inhibitory potentials against VEGFR-2. The tested compounds displayed a good-to-medium inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.26 to 0.72 µM. Among them, compounds 18, 11, and 10 potently inhibited VEGFR-2 at IC50 values in the range of 0.26-0.29 µM, which are nearly three times that of the sorafenib IC50 value (0.10 µM). Although our derivatives showed lower activities than the reference drug, they could be useful as a template for future design, optimization, adaptation, and investigation to produce more potent and selective VEGFR-2 inhibitors with higher anticancer analogs. The ADMET profile showed that compounds 18, 11, and 10 do not violate any of Lipinski's rules and have a comparable intestinal absorptivity in humans. Also, the new derivatives could not inhibit cytochrome P3A4. Unlike sorafenib and doxorubicin, compounds 18, 11, and 10 are expected to have prolonged dosing intervals. Moreover, compounds 10 and 18 displayed a wide therapeutic index and higher selectivity against cancer cells as compared with their cytotoxicity against normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, El-Salam City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy Sakr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanadelaslam S A El-Hddad
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Ghany A El-Helby
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nasser
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
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245
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Reddy RT, Nyunoya T. Identification of novel pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonists by In silico and biological activity analyses and reversal of cigarette smoke-induced PXR downregulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 555:1-6. [PMID: 33812052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) contains many toxins that collectively harm nearly every organ in the body, and smoking is a key risk factor for many chronic diseases. Aside from its toxic actions, CS may alter expression of the drug- and steroid-binding pregnane X receptor (PXR), which when activated upregulates expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, glutathione transferases (GSTs), and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), an adaptive metabolic array that mediates clearance of CS component toxins. We sought to identify new PXR agonists that may be useful for restoring PXR activity in conditions wherein it is suppressed, and their mechanisms of PXR binding and activation. PXR has a uniquely larger, hydrophobic, and highly flexible ligand-binding domain (LBD) vs. other nuclear receptors, enabling it to interact with structurally diverse molecules. We tested certain calcium channel blockers (CCBs) as a pharmacological subset of potential PXR ligands, analyzing by molecular docking methods, and identified a putative active site in the PXR LBD, along with the relevant bonds and bonding energies. We analyzed felodipine binding and agonist activity in detail, as it showed the lowest binding energy among CCBs tested. We found felodipine was a potent PXR agonist as measured by luciferase reporter assay, whereas CCBs with higher binding energies were less potent (amlodipine) or nearly inactive (manidipine), and it induced CYP3A4 expression in HepG2 cells, a known target of PXR agonism. Felodipine also both induced PXR mRNA in HepG2 hepatocytes and reduced CS extract-induced diminution of PXR levels, indicating it modulates PXR expression. The results illuminate mechanisms of ligand-induced PXR activation and identify felodipine as a novel PXR agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan T Reddy
- Winchester Thurston School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Toru Nyunoya
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA.
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246
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Espinosa JA, Pohan G, Arkin MR, Markossian S. Real-Time Assessment of Mitochondrial Toxicity in HepG2 Cells Using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e75. [PMID: 33735523 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the primary organ responsible for drug detoxification. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of attrition during drug development and is one of the main reasons that drugs are withdrawn from the market. Hence, the prevention of DILI plays a central role in the overall drug-discovery process. Most of the liver's energy supply comes in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is largely generated by mitochondria. This article describes the evaluation of drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Agilent). The described protocols detail the accurate measurement of ATP production rate in HepG2 cells after exposure to a panel of potentially toxic compounds. This assay measures changes in extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as indicators of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration-the two major energy-generating pathways in a cell. This assay provides a useful model to predict mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated DILI. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Measurement of cellular ECAR, OCR, and ATP production in live HepG2 cells Support Protocol 1: Culturing and maintaining of HepG2 cells Support Protocol 2: Determining optimal cell density per well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jether Amos Espinosa
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Grace Pohan
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarine Markossian
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Current Address: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
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247
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Li W, Hao X, Liu Y, Tong T, Xu H, Jia L. Effects of anesthetic agents on inflammation in Caco-2, HK-2 and HepG2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:487. [PMID: 33790996 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthetic agents are often used in surgical procedures to relieve pain in patients with traumatic injuries. Several anesthetic agents can cause immunosuppression by suppressing the secretion of immune factors such as cytokines. However, the effects of different anesthetic agents on inflammation are not completely understood. In the present study, three cell lines, Caco-2, HK-2 and HepG2, were treated with five anesthetic agents, including sodium barbiturate, midazolam, etomidate, ketamine and propofol, to investigate the effects of different anesthetic agents on inflammation in in vitro models. The expression levels of inflammatory genes, including NF-κB and its downstream cytokines, were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results indicated that anesthetic agents, including sodium barbiturate, ketamine and propofol, but not midazolam and etomidate, exerted significant inhibitory effects on NF-κB expression in the three different cell lines. Sodium barbiturate, ketamine and propofol also decreased the expression levels of the NF-κB downstream cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18. Moreover, sodium barbiturate, ketamine and propofol reduced the effect of TNF-α on inflammatory activity in the three cell lines. The results of the present study may provide novel insight into the effects of anesthetic agents on inflammation and may aid with selecting the most appropriate anesthetic agent in surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Hao
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Tong Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hongmeng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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248
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Batool S, Asad MJ, Arshad M, Ahmed W, Sohail MF, Abbasi SW, Ahmad S, Saleem RSZ, Ahmed MS. In Silico Validation, Fabrication and Evaluation of Nano-Liposomes of Bistorta amplexicaulis Extract for Improved Anticancer Activity Against Hepatoma Cell Line ( HepG2). Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 18:922-934. [PMID: 33726649 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210316113640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bistorta amplexicaulis of the genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae) has been reported for its antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, the low cellular uptake of the compounds in its extract limit their therapeutic application. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed at developing a nanoliposomal carrier system for B. amplexicaulis extracts for its improved cellular uptake thus resulting in enhanced anticancer activity. METHODS Ultra Pressure Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) was used to identify major compounds in the plant extract. Nanoliposomes (NLs) were prepared using a thin-film rehydration method using DPPC, PEG2000DSPE and cholesterol, followed by characterization through several parameters. In vitro screening was performed against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG-2) using MTT-assay. Raw extract and nanoliposomes were tested on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). Moreover, molecular docking was performed to validate the data obtained through wet lab. RESULTS The UHPLC method identified gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and catechin as the major compounds in the extract. The NLs with size ranging between 140-155 nm, zeta potential -16.9 to -19.8 mV and good polydispersity index of < 0.1 were prepared, with a high encapsulation efficiency of 81%. The MTT assay showed significantly (p > 0.05) high uptake and cytotoxicity of NLs as compared to the plant extract. Moreover, a reduced toxicity against HUVEC cells was observed as compared to the extract. Also, the docking of identified compounds suggested a favorable interaction to the SH2 domain of both STAT3 and STAT5. CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggested NLs as a potential platform that could be developed for the improved intracellular delivery of plant extract thus increasing their therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Batool
- Department of Biochemistry Pir Mehr Ali Shah University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, 46300. Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, 54792. Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Javaid Asad
- Department of Biochemistry Pir Mehr Ali Shah University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, 46300. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry Pir Mehr Ali Shah University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, 46300. Pakistan
| | - Warda Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry Pir Mehr Ali Shah University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, 46300. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Sohail
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, 54792. Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Healt and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- NUMS Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Abid Majeed Rd, The Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- National Center of Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, 54792. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry Pir Mehr Ali Shah University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, 46300. Pakistan
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249
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Benassi JC, Barbosa FAR, Grinevicius VMAS, Ourique F, Coelho D, Felipe KB, Braga AL, Filho DW, Pedrosa RC. Novel Dihydropyrimidinone-Derived Selenoesters as Potential Cytotoxic Agents to Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Molecular Docking and DNA Fragmentation. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:703-715. [PMID: 32723262 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200728124640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Evidence point out promising anticancer activities of Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPM) and organoselenium compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential of DHPM-derived selenoesters (Se-DHPM), as well as their molecular mechanisms of action. METHODS Se-DHPM cytotoxicity was evaluated against cancer lines (HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7) and normal cells (McCoy). HepG2 clonogenic assay allowed verifying antiproliferative effects. The propidium iodide/ orange acridine fluorescence readings showed the type of cell death induced after treatments (72h). Molecular simulations with B-DNA and 49H showed docked positions (AutoDock Vina) and trajectories/energies (GROMACS). In vitro molecular interactions used CT-DNA and 49H applying UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence. Comet assay evaluated DNA fragmentation of HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry analysis verified HepG2 cell cycle effects. Levels of proteins (β-actin, p53, BAX, HIF-1α, γH2AX, PARP-1, cyclin A, CDK-2, and pRB) were quantified by immunoblotting. RESULTS Among Se-DHPM, 49H was selectively cytotoxic to HepG2 cells, reduced cell proliferation, and increased BAX (80%), and p53 (66%) causing apoptosis. Molecular assays revealed 49H inserted in the CT-DNA molecule causing the hypochromic effect. Docking simulations showed H-bonds and hydrophobic interactions, which kept the ligand partially inserted into the DNA minor groove. 49H increased the DNA damage (1.5 fold) and γH2AX level (153%). Besides, treatments reduced PARP-1 (60%) and reduced pRB phosphorylation (21%) as well as decreased cyclin A (46%) arresting cell cycle at the G1 phase. CONCLUSION Together all data obtained confirmed the hypothesis of disruptive interactions between Se-DHPM and DNA, thereby highlighting its potential as a new anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Benassi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Flavio A R Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Ourique
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniela Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Karina B Felipe
- Departament of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Antônio L Braga
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Danilo W Filho
- Departament of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rozangela C Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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250
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Kim M, Lee EJ, Lim KM. Ibuprofen Increases the Hepatotoxicity of Ethanol through Potentiating Oxidative Stress. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:205-210. [PMID: 33024059 PMCID: PMC7921853 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 30 million prescriptions of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are issued every year. Considering that these drugs are available without a prescription as over the counter (OTC) drugs, their use will be astronomical. With the increasing use of NSAIDs, their adverse effects are drawing attention. Especially, stomach bleeding, kidney toxicity, liver toxicity, and neurological toxicity are reported as common. Ibuprofen, one of the extensively used NSAIDs along with aspirin, can also induce liver toxicity, but few studies are addressing this point. Here we examined the liver toxicity of ibuprofen and investigated whether co-exposure to ethanol can manifest synergistic effects. We employed 2D and 3D cultured human hepatoma cells, HepG2 to examine the synergistic hepatotoxicity of ibuprofen and alcohol concerning cell viability, morphology, and histology of 3D spheroids. As a result, ibuprofen and alcohol provoked synergistic hepatotoxicity against hepatocytes, and their toxicity increased prominently in 3D culture upon extended exposure. Oxidative stress appeared to be the mechanisms underlying the synergistic toxicity of ibuprofen and alcohol as evidenced by increased production of ROS and expression of the endogenous antioxidant system. Collectively, this study has demonstrated that ibuprofen and EtOH can induce synergistic hepatotoxicity, providing a line of evidence for caution against the use of ibuprofen in combination with alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 37060, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugenia Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 37060, Republic of Korea
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