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Park CW, Chung JH. Age-dependent changes of p57(Kip2) and p21(Cip1/Waf1) expression in skeletal muscle and lung of mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1520:163-8. [PMID: 11513958 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
p57(Kip2) and p21(Cip1/Waf1) are members of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors which play critical roles in the terminal differentiation of skeletal muscle and lung. We investigated mRNA levels of p57(Kip2) and p21(Cip1/Waf1) in skeletal muscle and lung of mice during maturation and aging using Northern hybridization. The mRNA levels of p57(Kip2) and p21(Cip1/Waf1) decreased in skeletal muscle and lung of mice during maturation and aging except that the level of p21(Cip1/Waf1) mRNA in skeletal muscle of mice showed an increase only during maturation. The decrease of the p57(Kip2) mRNA level involved neither a change of DNA methylation at the promoter region nor an alteration of the imprinting status in aged mice. The decreases of p57(Kip2) and p21(Cip1/Waf1) mRNA levels during aging suggest that the process of tissue-specific terminal differentiation may be gradually downregulated with senescence in tissues where p57(Kip2) and p21(Cip1/Waf1) play key roles in differentiation. The downregulation of p57(Kip2) and p21(Cip1/Waf1) during aging is contrary to the upregulation of Cdk inhibitors during cellular replicative senescence, indicating that aging in an organismal level is mediated by mechanisms different from replicative senescence of cultured cells.
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Abe K, Abe K, Abe R, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Akatsu M, Alimonti G, Asai K, Asai M, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Banas E, Behari S, Behera PK, Beiline D, Bondar A, Bozek A, Browder TE, Casey BC, Chang P, Chao Y, Chen KF, Cheon BG, Chistov R, Choi SK, Choi Y, Dong LY, Dragic J, Drutskoy A, Eidelman S, Eiges V, Enari Y, Enomoto R, Everton CW, Fang F, Fujii H, Fukunaga C, Fukushima M, Gabyshev N, Garmash A, Gershon TJ, Gordon A, Gotow K, Guler H, Guo R, Haba J, Hamasaki H, Hanagaki K, Handa F, Hara K, Hara T, Hastings NC, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Heenan EM, Higasino Y, Higuchi I, Higuchi T, Hirai T, Hirano H, Hojo T, Hokuue T, Hoshi Y, Hoshina K, Hou SR, Hou WS, Hsu SC, Huang HC, Igarashi Y, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Ikeda K, Inami K, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwai G, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki Y, Jackson DJ, Jalocha P, Jang HK, Jones M, Kagan R, Kakuno H, Kaneko J, Kang JH, Kang JS, Kapusta P, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawai H, Kawakami Y, Kawamura N, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim SK, Kim TH, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi S, Koishi S, Konishi H, Korotushenko K, Krokovny P, Kulasiri R, Kumar S, Kuniya T, Kurihara E, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lange JS, Leder G, Lee MH, Lee SH, Leonidopoulos C, Lin YS, Liventsev D, Lu RS, MacNaughton J, Marlow D, Matsubara T, Matsui S, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto T, Mikami Y, Misono K, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Moffitt LC, Moloney GR, Moorhead GF, Mori S, Mori T, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nagashima Y, Nakadaira T, Nakamura T, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nakazawa H, Nam JW, Natkaniec Z, Neichi K, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Ohshima Y, Okabe T, Okazaki T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CS, Park CW, Park H, Peak LS, Peters M, Piilonen LE, Prebys E, Rodriguez JL, Root N, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Ryuko J, Sagawa H, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Satapathy M, Satpathy A, Schrenk S, Semenov S, Senyo K, Settai Y, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Shwartz B, Sidorov A, Stanic S, Sugi A, Sugiyama A, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki J, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Suzuki SY, Swain SK, Tajima H, Takahashi T, Takasaki F, Takita M, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka J, Tanaka M, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomoto M, Tomura T, Tovey SN, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Unno Y, Uno S, Ushiroda Y, Vahsen SE, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang JG, Wang MZ, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaga M, Yamaguchi A, Yamamoto H, Yamanaka T, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yanaka S, Yashima J, Yokoyama M, Yoshida K, Yusa Y, Yuta H, Zhang CC, Zhang J, Zhao HW, Zheng Y, Zhilich V, Zontar D. Observation of large CP violation in the neutral B meson system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:091802. [PMID: 11531561 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a measurement of the standard model CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) based on a 29.1 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is fully reconstructed as a J/psi K(S), psi(2S)K(S), chi(c1)K(S), eta(c)K(S), J/psi K(L), or J/psi K(*0) decay and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time intervals between the two B meson decay points, we determine sin2 phi(1) = 0.99+/-0.14(stat)+/-0.06(syst). We conclude that we have observed CP violation in the neutral B meson system.
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Kwon D, Chae JB, Park CW, Kim YS, Lee SM, Kim EJ, Huh IH, Kim DY, Cho KD. Effects of IY-81149, a newly developed proton pump inhibitor, on gastric acid secretion in vitro and in vivo. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 2001; 51:204-13. [PMID: 11304936 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of IY-81149 (2-[[(4-methoxy-3-methyl)-2- pyridinyl]methyl-sulfinyl]-5-(1H-pyrol-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazole, CAS 172152-36-2), a newly developed proton pump inhibitor (PPI) on gastric acid secretion were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In rabbit parietal cell preparation, IY-81149 irreversibly inhibited H+/K(+)-ATPase in dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of pump inhibitory activity of 6.0 x 10(-6) mol/l and that of omeprazole (CAS 73590-58-6) was 1 x 10(-4) mol/l at pH 7.4. On cumulation of 14C-aminopyrine in histamine stimulated parietal cells, the IC50 of IY-81149 was 9.0 x 10(-9) mol/l and that of omeprazole was 1.9 x 10(-8) mol/l. The inhibition rates of IY-81149 and omeprazole at a concentration of 1 x 10(-9) mol/l in human parietal cells were 137% and 64%, respectively. In pylorus-ligated rats, IY-81149 showed a 2-3 times stronger inhibitory activity than omeprazole against gastric acid secretion. The ED50 of IY-81149 and omeprazole administered intraduodenally was 1.6 mg/kg and 3.8 mg/kg. In the case of oral administration, the ED50 of IY-81149 and omeprazole was 1.94 mg/kg and 5.64 mg/kg, respectively. But after 24 h administration, the anti-secretory activity of IY-81149 was lower than that of omeprazole at all doses tested. In anesthetized rats, IY-81149 dose-dependently increased gastric pH which was lowered by histamine infusion. In the case of i.v. injection, the ED50 of IY-81149 and omeprazole was 1.2 and 1.4 mg/kg and in the case of i.d. administration, the ED50 of IY-81149 and omeprazole was 3.9 and 4.1 mg/kg, respectively. IY-81149 also significantly inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion. Its ED50 was 2.1 mg/kg and that of omeprazole was 3.5 mg/kg with i.d. administration. In the case of i.v. injection, IY-81149 was equipotent to omeprazole. IY-81149 also inhibited gastric acid secretion strongly in fistular rats. The ED50 of IY-81149 administered intraduodenally was 0.43 mg/kg and that of omeprazole was 0.68 mg/kg. In Heidenhain pouch dogs, the acid output was completely blocked at 0.3 mg/kg, 135 min after i.v. administration. Omeprazole showed a similar effect as IY-81149. The histamine induced increase of acid output in the Heidenhain pouch dog was blocked by 71% 150 min after oral administration of enteric-coated IY-81149 at a dose of 3 mg/kg, and omeprazole showed similar effects. In conclusion, IY-81149 revealed the characteristics as a strong proton pump inhibitor, and its potency against gastric acid secretion was superior to that of the reference drug, omeprazole.
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Garmestani K, Yao Z, Zhang M, Wong K, Park CW, Pastan I, Carrasquillo JA, Brechbiel MW. Synthesis and evaluation of a macrocyclic bifunctional chelating agent for use with bismuth radionuclides. Nucl Med Biol 2001; 28:409-18. [PMID: 11395314 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(00)00203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The detailed synthesis of the bifunctional chelating agent 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane-N,N',N",N"',N""-pentaacetic acid (BF_PEPA) is reported. This ligand was conjugated to monoclonal antibody B3 and the resultant immunoconjugate radiolabeled with (205,206)Bi. The in vivo stability of the radiolabeled immunoconjugate, and targeting characteristics were determined by biodistribution studies in A431 xenograft tumor-bearing mice sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hr. Results indicate that BF_PEPA appears to not be a suitable bifunctional chelating agent for sequestering isotopes of Bi(III) for radioimmunotherapy applications.
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Abe K, Abe K, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Akatsu M, Alimonti G, Aoki K, Asai K, Asai M, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Banas E, Behari S, Behera PK, Beiline D, Bondar A, Bozek A, Browder TE, Casey BC, Chang P, Chao Y, Cheon BG, Choi SK, Choi Y, Doi Y, Dragic J, Eidelman S, Enari Y, Enomoto R, Everton CW, Fang F, Fujii H, Fujita Y, Fukunaga C, Fukushima M, Garmash A, Gordon A, Gotow K, Guler H, Guo R, Haba J, Haji T, Hamasaki H, Hanagaki K, Handa F, Hara K, Hara T, Hastings NC, Hayashi K, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Heenan EM, Higuchi I, Higuchi T, Hirai T, Hirano H, Hojo T, Hoshi Y, Hou WS, Hsu SC, Huang HC, Huang YC, Ichizawa S, Igarashi Y, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Ikeda K, Inami K, Inoue Y, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwai G, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki Y, Jackson DJ, Jalocha P, Jang HK, Jones M, Kagan R, Kakuno H, Kaneko J, Kang JH, Kang JS, Kapusta P, Kasami K, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawai M, Kawamura N, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim SK, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi S, Koike S, Koishi S, Konishi H, Korotushenko K, Krokovny P, Kulasiri R, Kumar S, Kuniya T, Kurihara E, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lee MH, Lee SH, Leonidopoulos C, Li HB, Lu RS, Makida Y, Manabe A, Marlow D, Matsubara T, Matsuda T, Matsui S, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto T, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Moffitt LC, Mohapatra A, Moloney GR, Moorhead GF, Mori S, Mori T, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nagashima Y, Nakadaira T, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nakazawa H, Nam JW, Narita S, Natkaniec Z, Neichi K, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Ohshima Y, Okabe T, Okazaki T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CS, Park CW, Park H, Peak LS, Peters M, Piilonen LE, Prebys E, Raaf J, Rodriguez JL, Root N, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Ryuko J, Sagawa H, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Sakaue H, Satapathy M, Sato N, Satpathy A, Schrenk S, Semenov S, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Shwartz B, Sidorov A, Sidorov V, Stanic S, Sugi A, Sugiyama A, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki J, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Suzuki SY, Swain SK, Tajima H, Takahashi T, Takasaki F, Takita M, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka J, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomoto M, Tomura T, Tovey SN, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Tsujita Y, Tsukamoto T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Ujiie N, Unno Y, Uno S, Ushiroda Y, Usov Y, Vahsen SE, Varner G, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang MZ, Wang TJ, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaga M, Yamaguchi A, Yamaguchi H, Yamaoka H, Yamaoka Y, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yanaka S, Yokoyama M, Yoshida K, Yusa Y, Yuta H, Zhang CC, Zhao HW, Zheng Y, Zhilich V, Zontar D. Measurement of B(0)(d)-B_(0)(d) mixing rate from the time evolution of dilepton events at the upsilon(4S). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:3228-3232. [PMID: 11327938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a determination of the B(0)(d)-&B_(0)(d) mixing parameter Deltam(d) based on the time evolution of dilepton yields in Upsilon(4S) decays. The measurement is based on a 5.9 fb(-1) data sample collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. The proper-time difference distributions for same-sign and opposite-sign dilepton events are simultaneously fitted to an expression containing Deltam(d) as a free parameter. Using both muons and electrons, we obtain Deltam(d) = 0.463+/-0.008 (stat)+/-0.016 (syst) ps(-1). This is the first determination of Deltam(d) from time evolution measurements at the Upsilon(4S). We also place limits on possible CPT violations.
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Kim S, Park CW, Kim YD, Suh Y. Phylogenetic relationships in family Magnoliaceae inferred from ndhF sequences. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2001; 88:717-728. [PMID: 11302859 DOI: 10.2307/2657073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ndhF sequences of 99 taxa, representing all sections in extant Magnoliaceae, were analyzed to address phylogenetic questions in the family. Magnolia macrophylla and M. dealbata, North American species of Magnolia section Rytidospermum, are placed at the base in the subfamily Magnolioideae although its supporting value is low. In the remaining taxa, several distinctive lineages are recognized: (1) Magnolia, the biggest genus in the family, is not monophyletic; (2) Michelia, including section Maingola of Magnolia subgenus Magnolia, is closely related with Elmerrillia and sections Alcimandra and Aromadendron of Magnolia subgenus Magnolia; (3) the associates of Michelia are grouped with Magnolia subgenus Yulania and section Gynopodium of Magnolia subgenus Magnolia; (4) Pachylarnax forms a clade with sections Manglietiastrum and Gynopodium of Magnolia; (5) a well-supported Manglietia clade is recognized; (6) Caribbean species of section Theorhodon of Magnolia subgenus Magnolia, which are section Splendentes sensu Vázquez-Garcia, are closely allied with New World members of Magnolia subgenus Talauma; and (7) section Rytidospermum of Magnolia subgenus Magnolia and subgenus Talauma are polyphyletic. The separated clades in the molecular tree are considerably different from traditional taxonomic dispositions in the family. The molecular data strongly suggest that a taxonomic realignment of infrafamilial delimitations and compositions should be considered.
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Park CW, You HY, Kim YK, Chang YS, Shin YS, Hong CK, Kim YC, Bang BK. Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis and distal renal tubular acidosis in a patient with frusemide abuse. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16:867-9. [PMID: 11274294 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/16.4.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abashian A, Abe K, Abe K, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Akatsu M, Alimonti G, Aoki K, Asai K, Asai M, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Banas E, Behari S, Behera PK, Beiline D, Bondar A, Bozek A, Browder TE, Casey BC, Chang P, Chao Y, Cheon BG, Choi SK, Choi Y, Doi Y, Dragic J, Drutskoy A, Eidelman S, Enari Y, Enomoto R, Everton CW, Fang F, Fujii H, Fujimoto K, Fujita Y, Fukunaga C, Fukushima M, Garmash A, Gordon A, Gotow K, Guler H, Guo R, Haba J, Haji T, Hamasaki H, Hanagaki K, Handa F, Hara K, Hara T, Haruyama T, Hastings NC, Hayashi K, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Heenan EM, Higashi Y, Higashino Y, Higuchi I, Higuchi T, Hirai T, Hirano H, Hirose M, Hojo T, Hoshi Y, Hoshina K, Hou WS, Hsu SC, Huang HC, Huang YC, Ichizawa S, Igarashi Y, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Ikeda K, Inami K, Inoue Y, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwai G, Iwai M, Iwamoto M, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki Y, Jackson DJ, Jalocha P, Jang HK, Jones M, Kagan R, Kakuno H, Kaneko J, Kang JH, Kang JS, Kapusta P, Kasami K, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawai H, Kawai M, Kawamura N, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kim DW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim SK, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi S, Koike S, Koishi S, Kondo Y, Konishi H, Korotushenko K, Krokovny P, Kulasiri R, Kumar S, Kuniya T, Kurihara E, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lee MH, Lee SH, Leonidopoulos C, Li HB, Lu RS, Makida Y, Manabe A, Marlow D, Matsubara T, Matsuda T, Matsui S, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto T, Mikami Y, Misono K, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Moffitt LC, Mohapatra A, Moloney GR, Moorhead GF, Morgan N, Mori S, Mori T, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nagashima Y, Nakadaira T, Nakamura T, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nakazawa H, Nam JW, Narita S, Natkaniec Z, Neichi K, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Ohshima Y, Okabe T, Okazaki T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ostrowicz W, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CS, Park CW, Park H, Peak LS, Peters M, Piilonen LE, Prebys E, Rodriguez JL, Root N, Rozanska M, Rybicki K, Ryuko J, Sagawa H, Saitoh S, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Sakaue H, Satapathy M, Sato N, Satpathy A, Schrenk S, Semenov S, Settai Y, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Shwartz B, Sidorov A, Sidorov V, Singh JB, Stanic S, Sugi A, Sugiyama A, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki J, Suzuki J, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Suzuki SY, Swain SK, Tajima H, Takahashi T, Takasaki F, Takita M, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka J, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomoto M, Tomura T, Tovey SN, Trabelsi K, Tsuboyama T, Tsujita Y, Tsukamoto T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Ujiie N, Unno Y, Uno S, Ushiroda Y, Usov Y, Vahsen SE, Varner G, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang MZ, Wang TJ, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaga M, Yamaguchi A, Yamaguchi H, Yamamoto H, Yamanaka T, Yamaoka H, Yamaoka Y, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yanaka S, Yokoyama M, Yoshida K, Yusa Y, Yuta H, Zhang CC, Zhao HW, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Zhilich V, Zontar D. Measurement of the CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) in B(0)(d) meson decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:2509-2514. [PMID: 11289969 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a measurement of the standard model CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) (also known as sin2beta) based on a 10.5 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is reconstructed in the J/psiK(S), psi(2S)K(S), chi(c1)K(S), eta(c)K(S), J/psiK(L), or J/psipi(0) CP-eigenstate decay channel and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its charged particle decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time interval between the two B-meson decay points, we determine sin2 phi(1) = 0.58(+0.32)(-0.34)(stat)+0.09-0.10(syst).
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Shin YS, Yang CW, Ahn HJ, Park CW, Jin DC, Kim YS, Chang YS, Bang BK. Clinical significance of anti-endothelial cell antibody in renal transplant recipients. Korean J Intern Med 2001; 16:24-9. [PMID: 11417301 PMCID: PMC4531702 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2001.16.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the role of anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA) in acute rejection in renal transplantation, serum AECA IgG titers were measured in 68 healthy controls, 111 chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients and 58 first renal transplant recipients. The AECA titer in hemodialysis patients was higher than in healthy controls (13.9 +/- 5.0 vs. 4.8 +/- 2.3 U/mL, p < 0.01). In transplant recipients, AECA titers were not affected by dialysis mode (HD vs. CAPD vs. non-dialysis; 9.6 +/- 7.6 vs. 7.9 +/- 3.9 vs. 11.9 +/- 3.1 U/mL, p > 0.05). After renal transplantation, AECA titer was decreased significantly (vs. 4.7 +/- 3.6 U/mL. p < 0.01). The serum AECA IgG titers increased significantly in recipients with acute rejection (6.9 +/- 3.1 vs. 13.5 +/- 9.9 U/mL, p < 0.01), but decreased to 5.6 +/- 3.0 U/mL (p < 0.01) after formal rejection therapy. In the recipients with acute rejection (n = 27), the pre-renal transplant AECA titer was higher than in that without acute rejection (14.0 +/- 8.6 vs. 7.7 +/- 3.8 U/mL, p < 0.01). The results of this study lead us to conclude that pre- and post-renal transplant AECA titer might be a useful predictor for acute rejection and useful for monitoring acute rejection in renal transplant recipients.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a case of delirium, without major autonomic symptoms, as the primary manifestation of concomitant use of alcohol while taking disulfiram. CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old white woman with a history of bipolar disorder, type I, and alcohol dependence being treated with disulfiram was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit with a three- to four-day history of a change in mental status, including deficits in orientation, concentration, and visual hallucinations. Significant finding on review of systems included the spurious report of a 9.1-kg weight loss. Tachycardia and nonfocal neurologic signs on physical examination were also noted. Extensive metabolic, infectious, and neurologic work-up revealed no abnormalities that alone could explain the patient's acute confusional state. It was subsequently discovered that the patient had imbibed alcohol on at least two separate occasions while taking disulfiram prior to her change in mental status and that a similar, although shorter, experience had occurred previously. DISCUSSION This is the first case, to the authors' knowledge, that describes an acute confusional state as the primary manifestation of a patient taking alcohol while being prescribed disulfiram as aversive therapy for alcohol abuse. Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms for delirium as a complication of alcohol ingestion while taking disulfiram include disturbances in various neuroendocrine axes, neurotransmitter systems, and metabolic derangements. Other reports of possible neuropsychiatric complications of disulfiram therapy are also reviewed. CONCLUSIONS The differential diagnosis for the presentation of delirium in a patient known to be undergoing aversive therapy for alcohol dependence with disulfiram should include nonadherence to alcohol abstinence.
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Jeong S, Lee YJ, Jang JS, Park CW, Chung JH, Seong JK, Lee KK, Yu DY. A novel epigenetic control operating on Vme1+ locus leads to variegated monoallelic expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 279:884-90. [PMID: 11162444 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vme1, located near an imprinted region containing Peg1/Mest, Copg2, and Mit1/Lb9 on mouse chromosome 6, was identified and characterized to be under novel epigenetic regulations mediating nonimprinted monoallelic expression. The gene was transcribed independently from at least four promoters and alternatively spliced. Variable expression of the gene was found among individuals and was not affected by genetic backgrounds, in contrast to a relatively consistent expression of unlinked Peg3 under different genetic backgrounds. Monoallelic expression of the gene was confirmed in several tissues of hybrid F1s between a domesticus and a molossinus subspecies. The nature of monoallelic expression was different from those of its neighboring genes with respect to the allelic preference for the expression. The observed variable expression and monoallelic expression propose a mechanism that operates to variegate the Vme1 transcription acting asynchronously on parental alleles. In addition, we observed that some biallelically expressed tissues exhibited allele-specific splicing such that expression from one parental allele yields elongated splice variants, whereas the other allele is spliced into a short version. This unusual finding suggests that an epigenotype of the promoter can determine the splicing fate of the transcript.
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Park CW, Kim JH, Lee JH, Kim YS, Ahn HJ, Shin YS, Kim SY, Choi EJ, Chang YS, Bang BK, Lee JW. High glucose-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression through an osmotic effect in rat mesangial cells is PKC-NF-kappa B-dependent. Diabetologia 2000; 43:1544-53. [PMID: 11151765 DOI: 10.1007/s001250051567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Infiltration of mononuclear cells and glomerular enlargement accompanied by glomerular cell proliferation are very early characteristics of the pathophysiology of diabetes. To clarify the mechanism of early diabetic nephropathy, we measured [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell numbers to show the influence of a high ambient glucose concentration and the osmotic effect on rat mesangial cell proliferation. We also measured the effect of high glucose on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1 by flow cytometry and semiquantitative RT-PCR in mesangial cells and the adhesion of leukocytes to mesangial cells. METHODS/RESULTS Cells exposed to high D-glucose (30 mmol/l) caused an increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell numbers at 24 and 48 h and normalized at 72 h (p < 0.05), whereas these changes were not found in high mannitol (30 mmol/l), IL-1 beta, or TNF alpha-stimulated mesangial cells. Cells exposed to high-glucose (15, 30, or 60 mmol/l) or osmotic agents (L-glucose, raffinose and mannitol) showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression began to increase after 24 h, reached its maximum at 24 and 48 h and gradually decreased afterwards. The stimulatory effects of high glucose and high mannitol on mRNA expression were observed as early as 6 h and reached its maximum at 12 h. Up-regulation of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA was also found in IL-1-beta and TNF-alpha-stimulated mesangial cells. Neither vascular adhesion molecule-1 protein nor mRNA expression was, however, affected by high glucose and high mannitol. Notably, the protein kinase C inhibitors calphostin C and staurosporine reduced high glucose- or high mannitol-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression and high glucose-induced proliferation. Furthermore, the NF-kappa B inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone reduced high glucose- or high mannitol-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression and high glucose-induced proliferation. Results showed that high glucose (15, 30 mmol/l) or high concentrations of osmotic agents remarkably increased the number of adherent leukocytes to mesangial cells (p < 0.01) compared with control cells (5 mmol/l D-glucose). Functional blocking of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on mesangial cells with rat intercellular adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody, calphostin C, staurosporine, or N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone significantly inhibited high glucose- or high mannitol-induced increase in leukocyte adhesion (p << 0.05). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION These results suggest that high glucose can upregulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 protein and mRNA expression but not vascular adhesion molecule-1 expression in mesangial cells and promote leukocyte adhesion through up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 through osmotic effect, possibly depending on the protein kinase C nuclear factor-kappa B (PKC-NF-kappa B) pathway. High glucose itself can also promote mesangial cell proliferation through the PKC-NF-kappa B pathways. We conclude that hyperglycaemia in itself seems to be an important factor in the development of early diabetic nephropathy.
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Park CW, Song HC, Shin YS, Ahn SJ, Kim YS, Kim SY, Choi EJ, Chang YS, Bang BK. Urinary soluble HLA class I antigen in patients with minimal change disease: a predictor of steroid response. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 79:44-9. [PMID: 9609461 DOI: 10.1159/000044990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In primary minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), increased lymphocyte reactivity to renal antigens has been defined. Soluble HLA class I antigen (sHLA-I) is actively secreted by T and B lymphocytes when they are stimulated by mitogens, antigens and lymphokines. To determine if serum and urine sHLA-I levels could predict steroid response in patients with MCD and differentiate those from FSGS, we have investigated 45 healthy controls, biopsy-proven 17 patients with MCD (edema and 24-hour urine protein > 3.5 g/day), 8 patients with FSGS (24-hour urine protein > 1 g/day) and 10 patients with membranous nephropathy (MGN) (24-hour urine protein > 1 g/day). Before and after prednisone therapy (1 mg/kg/day or 2 mg/kg/EOD for 8 weeks), the levels of serum and urinary sHLA-I were measured by ELISA (sHLA-STAT; Sangstat Co., Calif., USA). After 8 weeks of treatment, 10 patients with MCD were responders (MCD-CR) while the other 7 patients with MCD were nonresponders (MCD-NR). Three of 7 patients with MCD-NR were re-biopsied and finally diagnosed as FSGS. They were included in the data of patients with FSGS. In healthy controls, serum sHLA-I was detected (415 +/- 256 ng/ml), but urinary sHLA-I was not. At entry, there were no differences in age, sex, serum Cr and 24-hour urine protein among the patients with MCD-CR, MCD-NR and FSGS, but serum albumin was significantly elevated in patients with FSGS and MGN (p < 0.05). Serum sHLA-I levels were notably elevated in MCD-CR (1,040 +/- 1,066 ng/ ml), in MCD-NR (668 +/- 315 ng/ml) and in FSGS (713 +/- 790 ng/ml), but not in patients with MGN (444 +/- 86 ng/ml) when compared with controls (p < 0.05). On the other hand, urinary sHLA-I levels in MCD-NR (541 +/- 239 ng/mg Cr) and in FSGS (457 +/- 239 ng/mg Cr) were significantly higher than those in MGN (125 +/- 28 ng/mg Cr) and in MCD-CR(100 +/- 42 ng/mg Cr, p < 0.05) and these substantial differences were maintained for 8 weeks. In all patients, serum and urinary sHLA-I levels were not reduced during 8 weeks of steroid therapy. We conclude that elevated serum and urinary sHLA-I levels reflect increased cellular immune response and disease activity in patients with MCD and FSGS. In patients with MCD, urinary sHLA-I may be an easily measurable indicator of predicting steroid response, while MCD-NR with high urinary sHLA-I levels might be re-evaluated for the possibility of FSGS.
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Hahn Y, Lee YJ, Yun JH, Yang SK, Park CW, Mita K, Huh TL, Rhee M, Chung JH. Duplication of genes encoding non-clathrin coat protein gamma-COP in vertebrate, insect and plant evolution. FEBS Lett 2000; 482:31-6. [PMID: 11018518 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Coatomer is a major component of COPI vesicles and consists of seven subunits. The gamma-COP subunit of the coatomer is believed to mediate the binding to the cytoplasmic dilysine motifs of membrane proteins. We characterized cDNAs for Copg genes encoding gamma-COP from mouse, zebrafish, Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori. Two copies of Copg genes are present in vertebrates and in B. mori. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two paralogous genes had been derived from a single ancestral gene by duplication independently in vertebrates and in B. mori. Mouse Copg1 showed ubiquitous expression with the highest level in testis. Zebrafish copg2 was biallelically expressed in hybrid larvae in contrast to its mammalian ortholog expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. A phylogenetic analysis with partial plant cDNA sequences suggested that copg gene was also duplicated in the grass family (Poaceae).
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Li Y, Park CW. Effective medium approximation and deposition of colloidal particles in fibrous and granular media. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 87:1-74. [PMID: 11032315 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-8686(99)00032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laminar flow of fluids through fibrous and granular media and deposition of colloidal particles from a liquid suspension are two fundamental phenomena encountered in many industrial applications. An Effective Medium Approximation (EMA) is used to determine the fluid flow permeability and particle capture efficiency of random arrays of cylindrical and spherical collectors. The EMA assumes a model system in which a packing element (a single fiber in the fibrous medium and a single sphere in the granular medium) is surrounded by a fluid envelope and an effective-medium beyond the envelope. It integrates the important features of both the cell models and Brinkman's model. The Stokes equation and Brinkman equation are solved for the fluid envelope and effective medium regions, respectively, to obtain the permeability and close-to-surface velocity field around the collectors. The convective diffusion equation is then solved to determine the particle deposition rate. The analytical expressions for the permeability and particle deposition rate are derived for all possible cases of random packing of uniform and non-uniform cylinders and spheres. Effects of various system properties and operating conditions on deposition of colloidal particles are investigated. The physical or chemical conditions include the properties which affect the magnitude of double layer interaction: the electrolyte concentration and surface potentials, and the property which affects the van der Waals interaction: the Hamaker constant. It was found that the effects of the above properties is much more significant when the surface interactions play more important roles in the particle deposition process, or when the height of the total interaction energy barrier is higher than 5 kBT. Particle deposition becomes virtually impossible when the height of the repulsive energy barrier increases beyond 20 kBT.
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Lee HS, Park CW, Kim YS. MPP(+) increases the vulnerability to oxidative stress rather than directly mediating oxidative damage in human neuroblastoma cells. Exp Neurol 2000; 165:164-71. [PMID: 10964495 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MPP(+), an active metabolite of MPTP, causes a dopaminergic neuronal degeneration similar to that observed in Parkinson's disease. Current data suggest that MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity may be mediated by oxygen free radicals. To evaluate this hypothesis, we first investigated whether MPP(+) could cause oxidative stress by producing oxygen free radicals in the SH-SY5Y, human neuroblastoma cell line. MPP(+) was toxic to the cells dose-dependently but did not increase the level of lipid peroxidation at toxic concentrations. Second, we examined the effects of various antioxidants and an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on the development of MPP(+) cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, Trolox, phenyl-tertiary-butyl-nitrone (PBN), which show protective effects on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) toxicity did not attenuate MPP(+) cytotoxicity. Similarly, the combination of antioxidant enzymes, SOD and catalase (50 U/ml, respectively), did not protect the cells from the toxic action of MPP(+). Also N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (NAME), a competitive inhibitor of NOS, and combined incubation with NAME and antioxidant enzymes failed to attenuate MPP(+) cytotoxicity. On the other hand, a sublethal dose of MPP(+) potentiated iron and H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest that oxygen free radicals may not be a primary cause of MPP(+)-induced cell death but that MPP(+) increases the vulnerability of cells to oxidative stress.
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Yang IC, Yang SK, Park CW, Chung JH. De novo methylation at intronic CpG islands of Igf2r is associated with decreased expression of antisense RNA in aged mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 274:722-6. [PMID: 10924343 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cytosine methylation status of several genes have been implicated in the aging process. We have examined methylation status of differentially methylated regions of insulin-like growth factor II receptor gene during mouse senescence. Bisulfite-aided genomic sequencing revealed that methylated CpG residues were extended beyond the 3' boundary of de novo methylation sequence of DMR2 in aged mice. Furthermore, the de novo methylation of DMR2 in aged mice was associated with decreased expression of antisense transcript which recruits DMR2 as a promoter. On the contrary, methylation status of DMR1 was well-maintained during senescence. Accordingly, no significant changes in expression levels of sense transcripts were observed during the course of mouse aging.
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218
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Park CW, Kim GI, Lee CH. A comparison study on allergen components between Korean (Arachis fastigiata Shinpung) and American peanut (Arachis hypogaea Runner). J Korean Med Sci 2000; 15:387-92. [PMID: 10983685 PMCID: PMC3054660 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2000.15.4.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of peanut allergy in Korea is lower than in America. Peanut extract allergens between the two countries have not been standardized. This study was performed to compare the allergenicity of raw Korean and American peanuts with that of roasted peanuts. We prepared the peanut extracts in Korean raw (KP) and roasted peanuts (KRP), and also in American raw (AP) and roasted (ARP) peanuts. We compared the peanut extract allergens of KP, KRP, AP and ARP in vitro with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by immunoblotting, T-cell proliferation assay and skin prick test with sera from peanut-allergic patients. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting demonstrated four allergenic extracts, numerous bands that displayed a high prevalence of IgE binding. IgE-binding bands were at 64, 36 and 17 kDa. Western blot inhibition revealed that either KP or AP could almost completely inhibit the reactivity of the other extract. There were no differences between T-cell proliferation assay and skin prick test. In conclusion, this investigation showed no different allergic components in both raw and roast extracts of Korean and American peanuts.
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Chang CE, Eo HG, Lee YS, Chung SK, Shin JS, Lah YK, Park CW, Jung JT, Huh JW, Lee SM. Human intravenous immunoglobulin preparation and virus inactivation by pasteurization and solvent detergent treatment. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2000; 30:177-97. [PMID: 10919559 DOI: 10.1080/10826060008544957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) solutions were prepared by two different methods and compared to each other. The crude immunoglobulin fraction obtained from Cohn-Oncley fractionation of plasma was further purified and subjected to virus inactivation, either by polyethylene glycol precipitation and pasteurization at 60 degrees C for 10 hours, or by ion exchange chromatography and solvent/detergent treatment. The final preparations, formulated in 5% immunoglobulin solutions were characterized by in vitro analyses of biochemical and biological properties and compared with the samples of other manufacturer's IVIG solution products. The critical properties evaluated in this study were purity, molecular intactness, and the biological functions such as Fc function and anticomplementary activity. Virus inactivation and removal by processing steps and by deliberate virucidal steps, as described above, were tested on various human pathogenic viruses, such as human immunodeficiency and experimental model viruses. The tested viruses were successfully inactivated and removed. We conclude that the intravenous immunoglobulins prepared by two different methods, as described above, provide an equivalent viral safety and quality.
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Ohh M, Park CW, Ivan M, Hoffman MA, Kim TY, Huang LE, Pavletich N, Chau V, Kaelin WG. Ubiquitination of hypoxia-inducible factor requires direct binding to the beta-domain of the von Hippel-Lindau protein. Nat Cell Biol 2000; 2:423-7. [PMID: 10878807 DOI: 10.1038/35017054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1145] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome that is characterized by the development of multiple vascular tumors and is caused by inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL). Here we show that pVHL, through its beta-domain, binds directly to hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), thereby targeting HIF for ubiquitination in an alpha-domain-dependent manner. This is the first function to be ascribed to the pVHL beta-domain. Furthermore, we provide the first direct evidence that pVHL has a function analogous to that of an F-box protein, namely, to recruit substrates to a ubiquitination machine. These results strengthen the link between overaccumulation of HIF and development of VHL disease.
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Maleki SJ, Kopper RA, Shin DS, Park CW, Compadre CM, Sampson H, Burks AW, Bannon GA. Structure of the major peanut allergen Ara h 1 may protect IgE-binding epitopes from degradation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:5844-9. [PMID: 10820263 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been an increase in allergic reactions to peanut proteins, sometimes resulting in fatal anaphylaxis. The development of improved methods for diagnosis and treatment of peanut allergies requires a better understanding of the structure of the allergens. Ara h 1, a major peanut allergen belonging to the vicilin family of seed storage proteins, is recognized by serum IgE from >90% of peanut-allergic patients. In this communication, Ara h 1 was shown to form a highly stable homotrimer. Hydrophobic interactions were determined to be the main molecular force holding monomers together. A molecular model of the Ara h 1 trimer was constructed to view the stabilizing hydrophobic residues in the three dimensional structure. Hydrophobic amino acids that contribute to trimer formation are at the distal ends of the three dimensional structure where monomer-monomer contacts occur. Coincidentally, the majority of the IgE-binding epitopes are also located in this region, suggesting that they may be protected from digestion by the monomer-monomer contacts. On incubation of Ara h 1 with digestive enzymes, various protease-resistant fragments containing IgE-binding sites were identified. The highly stable nature of the Ara h 1 trimer, the presence of digestion resistant fragments, and the strategic location of the IgE-binding epitopes indicate that the quaternary structure of a protein may play a significant role in overall allergenicity.
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Yoon YR, Cha IJ, Shon JH, Kim KA, Cha YN, Jang IJ, Park CW, Shin SG, Flockhart DA, Shin JG. Relationship of paroxetine disposition to metoprolol metabolic ratio and CYP2D6*10 genotype of Korean subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000; 67:567-76. [PMID: 10824636 DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2000.106128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between the metabolic ratio (MR) of metoprolol, CYP2D6*10B genotype, and the disposition of paroxetine in Korean subjects. METHODS A single 40-mg dose of paroxetine was administered orally to one poor metabolizer and 15 healthy subjects recruited from 223 Korean extensive metabolizers whose phenotypes were predetermined by use of the metoprolol MR. Genotypes were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and the GeneChip microarray technique. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from plasma concentrations of paroxetine for more than 240 hours after the oral dose. RESULTS The oral clearance and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) of paroxetine were best described by a nonlinear relationship with metoprolol MR at correlation coefficients of 0.82 and 0.91, respectively (P < .05). Nine extensive metabolizer who were either homozygous or heterozygous for CYP2D6*10B had significantly lower oral clearance values of paroxetine than six extensive metabolizers with CYP2D6*1/*1. The AUC of paroxetine in subjects who were homozygous for CYP2D6*10B (666.4 +/- 169.4 ng/mL x h) was significantly greater than that of subjects who were homozygous for the wild type (194.5 +/- 55.9 ng/mL x h). Unexpectedly, the average AUC of subjects who were heterozygous for CYP2D6*10B was greater with wide variation (789.8 +/- 816.9 ng/mL x h) than that of subjects who were homozygous CYP2D6*10B/*10B mainly because of two atypical subjects whose metoprolol MR was not associated with the CYP2D6*10B genotype and who showed greater AUC and lower oral clearance than subjects with homozygous CYP2D6*10B. CONCLUSIONS The CYP2D6 activity measured by metoprolol MR was a strong predictor of paroxetine disposition in Korean extensive metabolizers. In general, the extensive metabolizers with the CYP2D6*10B allele seemed to have higher plasma concentrations of paroxetine than extensive metabolizers with the wild-type CYP2D6 genotype. However, quantitative prediction of paroxetine disposition from the CYP2D6*10B genotype alone was not perfect because several Korean extensive metabolizers had metoprolol MRs that were not associated with the genotype.
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Lee HW, Chung MG, Suh Y, Park CW. Allozyme Variation and Genetic Relationships among Species of Cimicifuga (Ranunculaceae) from Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 2000; 161:413-423. [PMID: 10817977 DOI: 10.1086/314275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/1999] [Revised: 01/01/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Allozyme investigation of the five Cimicifuga taxa in Korea was conducted to assess genetic and clonal diversity within populations and genetic divergence among populations and taxa. Levels of allozyme variation maintained in Korean Cimicifuga taxa were comparable to those for most herbaceous perennials. In general, samples excluding copies of the same multilocus genotype maintained higher levels of genetic diversity than the total samples within populations. Copies of homozygous genotypes at several loci resulting from clonal spread lead to decreased levels of genetic diversity within populations, indicating that clonal reproduction found in Cimicifuga affects population genetic structure. In general, more widely distributed species such as C. dahurica and C. japonica harbored higher levels of allozyme diversity than the other taxa examined. Although two varieties of C. heracleifolia are geographically and reproductively isolated, the genetic and clonal structure of var. bifida seems to resemble var. heracleifolia, indicating that the two varieties may have had a similar evolutionary history. However, the allozyme data strongly indicate that the two morphological types (Groups I and II) of C. simplex should be treated as separate species.
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Lee YJ, Park CW, Hahn Y, Park J, Lee J, Yun JH, Hyun B, Chung JH. Mit1/Lb9 and Copg2, new members of mouse imprinted genes closely linked to Peg1/Mest(1). FEBS Lett 2000; 472:230-4. [PMID: 10788617 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two mouse genes, Mit1/Lb9 and Copg2, linked to Peg1/Mest on mouse chromosome 6, were identified to be imprinted maternally and paternally, respectively. Mit1/Lb9 encoding untranslated transcripts resides within the intron 20 of Copg2. The gene is maternally imprinted in adult mouse brain, partially imprinted in other tissues. Copg240 kb genomic region, being expressed ubiquitously in mouse tissues with a partial imprinting pattern in embryos, neonates, and adult brain in contrast to maternally imprinted human COPG2. In addition, we identified an antisense transcript of Copg2, Copg2AS, which overlaps 3'-UTRs of Copg2 and Peg1/Mest. The Copg2AS transcript is maternally imprinted in embryos, neonates, and adult tissues.
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Kim YO, Choi EJ, Ahn HJ, Park CW, Yang CW, Jin DC, Kim YS, Chang YS, Bang BK. The possible role of c-fos protein in hypothalamus in sleep disturbance in chronic uremic rats. Nephron Clin Pract 1999; 83:139-45. [PMID: 10516493 DOI: 10.1159/000045491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is very common in patients with chronic renal failure, but its mechanism is not clear. The activity of c-fos protein (FOS) in ventrolateral preoptic neurons (VLPO) is associated with the sleep pattern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sleep disturbance and the expression of FOS in VLPO of chronic uremic rats. Chronic uremia was induced by the 5/6 nephrectomized model. The movements of the rats were measured with infrared monitoring during the daytime (8.00-20.00) and nighttime (20.00-8.00). Rats were killed at 10.00 or 16.00 h for the daytime (uremic rats 7, control 8) and at 22.00 h for the nighttime (uremic rats 7, control 9). The expression of FOS in VLPO was examined with the immunohistochemical method. The number of recorded daytime movements in uremic rats was significantly higher than in control rats (458 +/- 185 vs. 222 +/- 41, p < 0.001), but the number of recorded nighttime movements in uremic rats was lower than in control rats (949 +/- 430 vs. 1,618 +/- 261, p < 0.001). In the daytime, the number of FOS immunoreactive cells in uremic rats was lower than in control rats (18.4 +/- 5.3 vs. 42.8 +/- 6.3, p < 0. 001), but there was no difference between two groups in the nighttime (10.8 +/- 8.4 vs. 12.5 +/- 5.1, p = 0.62). There was a strong negative correlation between the number of recorded movements and the number of FOS immunoreactive cells in VLPO (r = -0.700, p < 0.001). This finding suggests that sleep disturbances in chronic uremic rats might be related to the decreased expression of FOS in VLPO.
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Castillo G, Brun RP, Rosenfield JK, Hauser S, Park CW, Troy AE, Wright ME, Spiegelman BM. An adipogenic cofactor bound by the differentiation domain of PPARgamma. EMBO J 1999; 18:3676-87. [PMID: 10393183 PMCID: PMC1171445 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.13.3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand activation of the nuclear receptor PPARgamma induces adipogenesis and increases insulin sensitivity, while activation of other PPAR isoforms (-alpha and -delta) induces little or no fat cell differentiation. Expression and activation of chimeras formed between PPARgamma and PPARdelta in fibroblasts has allowed us to localize a major domain of PPARgamma responsible for adipogenesis to the N-terminal 138 amino acids, a region with AF-1 transcriptional activity. Using this region of PPARgamma as bait, we have used a yeast two-hybrid screen to clone a novel protein, termed PGC-2, containing a partial SCAN domain. PGC-2 binds to and increases the transcriptional activity of PPARgamma but does not interact with other PPARs or most other nuclear receptors. Ectopic expression of PGC-2 in preadipocytes containing endogenous PPARgamma causes a dramatic increase in fat cell differentiation at both the morphological and molecular levels. These results suggest that interactions between PGC-2, a receptor isoform-selective cofactor and PPARgamma contribute to the adipogenic action of this receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/cytology
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Azo Compounds
- Base Sequence
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Binding
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/agonists
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Substrate Specificity
- Trans-Activators
- Transcription Factors/agonists
- Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transfection
- Yeasts/genetics
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Abstract
In Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale malaria, some of the liver stage parasites remain dormant. The activation of these dormant forms (called hypnozoite) can give rise to relapse weeks, months or years after the initial infection. To prevent relapses, a course of primaquine may be given as terminal prophylaxis to patients. Different strains of Plasmodium vivax vary in their sensitivity to primaquine and, recently, cases of relapse of Plasmodium vivax after this standard primaquine therapy were reported from various countries. We reported a case of primaquine resistant malaria which initially was thought to be relapsed caused by loss of terminal prophylaxis.
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Du S, Rubin A, Klepper S, Barrett C, Kim YC, Rhim HW, Lee EB, Park CW, Markelonis GJ, Oh TH. Calcium influx and activation of calpain I mediate acute reactive gliosis in injured spinal cord. Exp Neurol 1999; 157:96-105. [PMID: 10222112 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.1999.7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Buffering extracellular pH at the site of a spinal cord crush-injury may stimulate axonal regeneration in rats (1; Guth et al., Exp. Neurol. 88: 44-55, 1985). We demonstrated in cultured astrocytes that acidic pH initiates a rapid increase in immunoreactivity for GFAP (GFAP-IR), a hallmark of reactive gliosis (2; Oh et al., Glia 13: 319-322, 1995). We extended these studies by investigating the effects of certain treatments on reactive gliosis developing in situ in a rat spinal cord injury model. A significant reactive gliosis was observed within 2 days of cord lesion in untreated crush or vehicle-treated, crush control animals as evidenced by increased GFAP-IR and hypertrophy of astrocytes. By contrast, infusion of Pipes buffer (pH 7.4) into the lesion site significantly reduced this increase. The increased GFAP-IR appeared to be linked to Ca2+ influx since infusion of a blocker of L-type calcium channels, nifedipine, reduced the ensuing reactive gliosis significantly. While Ca2+ modulates many signaling pathways within cells, its effect on reactive gliosis appeared to result from an activation of calpain I. Calpain inhibitor I, a selective inhibitor of mu-calpain, also significantly reduced reactive gliosis. However, calpain inhibitor II, a close structural analog which blocks m-calpain, had no salutary effect. We suggest, therefore, that the initial reactive gliosis seen in vivo may result from the activation of a neutral, Ca2+-dependent protease, calpain I, through calcium influx.
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Han JH, Yim SW, Lim CS, Park CW, Kaang BK. Expression of a non-inactivating K+ channel driven by a rat heat shock promoter increased the resting potential in Aplysia silent neurons. Neurosci Res 1999; 34:13-9. [PMID: 10413322 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(99)00027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the role of a non-inactivating K+ channel (aKv5.1) in the resting potential by overexpressing this channel by heat shock in the neurons. A reporter gene lacZ linked to a promoter region spanning from the -285 to the +88 base of the rat HSP70ib gene was induced 62.5-fold when this DNA construct was microinjected into the neurons of the marine mollusk Aplysia and treated with heat shock at 30 degrees C for 3 h. Using this efficient induction system, we induced the expression of aKv5.1 by heat shock in cultured, electrically silent neurons of Aplysia and examined its effect on the resting potential. The channel expression increased the resting potential by approximately 10 mV. This increase was specific to heat shock induction and abolished by treatment with TEA, a specific K+ channel blocker. These results provide the direct evidence that a low voltage-activated, non-inactivating K+ channel can contribute to the resting potential.
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230
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Abstract
A series of novel arylsulfonylpropargylglycinamide derivatives was investigated as thrombin inhibitors in which the SAR was focused on substituents at the acetylenic terminus. Several compounds in this series were identified as potent thrombin inhibitors (Ki up to 5 nM) that are highly selective over trypsin and other serine proteases as well.
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231
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Chang KA, Kim SH, Sakaki Y, Kim HS, Park CW, Suh YH. Inhibition of the NGF and IL-1beta-induced expression of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein by antisense oligonucleotides. J Mol Neurosci 1999; 12:69-74. [PMID: 10636471 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:12:1:69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the brain characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid in senile plaques and along the walls of the cerebral vasculature. The principal constituent of amyloid deposit is amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) derived from its larger precursor protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP). The overexpression of APP is known to be a risk factor for Abeta deposit in AD and in Down syndrome (DS). The inhibition of APP expression has been thought to be beneficial to patients with AD and DS. In this study, we investigated the effects of antisense oligonucleotide (AO) on the overexpression of APP induced by IL-1beta and NGF. Using phosphorothioate-oligonucleotides against initiation codon significantly reduced the protein levels of APP induced by NGF and IL-1beta to basal level in PC12 cell culture systems. These results showed that these antisense oligonucleotides may have a potential to be a therapeutic agent for some patients with AD and DS.
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232
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Park CW, Oh YS, Shin YS, Kim CM, Kim YS, Kim SY, Choi EJ, Chang YS, Bang BK. Intravenous calcitriol regresses myocardial hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 33:73-81. [PMID: 9915270 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(99)70260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the response of circulating intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) on myocardial hypertrophy in hemodialysis (HD) patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), echocardiographic and neurohormonal assessments were performed over a 15-week period in 15 HD patients with SHPT before and after calcitriol treatment and 10 HD control patients with SHPT not receiving calcitriol therapy. We prospectively studied a group of 15 patients with significantly elevated iPTH levels (iPTH >450 pg/mL) receiving calcitriol (2 microg after dialysis twice weekly). Clinical assessment, medication status, and biochemical and hematological measurements were performed once a month. Throughout the study, calcium carbonate levels were modified to maintain serum phosphate levels at less than 6 mg/dL, but body weight, antihypertensive medication, and ultrafiltration dose remained constant. In patients treated with calcitriol, an adequate reduction of iPTH levels was found (1,112 +/- 694 v 741 +/- 644 pg/mL; P < 0.05) without changes in values of serum ionized calcium (iCa++), phosphate, or hematocrit. Blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) did not significantly change. After 15 weeks of treatment with calcitriol, M-mode echocardiograms showed pronounced reductions in interventricular wall thickness (13.9 +/- 3.6 v 12.8 +/- 3.10 mm; P = 0.01), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (12.5 +/- 2.4 v 11.3 +/- 1.8 mm; P < 0.05), and left ventricle mass index (LVMi; 178 +/- 73 v 155 +/- 61 g/m2; P < 0.01). However, in control patients, these changes were not found after the treatment period. In addition, sequential measurements of neurohormonal mediator levels in patients receiving calcitriol showed that plasma renin (18.5 +/- 12.7 v 12.3 +/- 11.0 pg/mL; P = 0.007), angiotensin II (AT II; 79.7 +/- 48.6 v 47.2 +/- 45.7 pg/mL; P = 0.001), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP; 16.6 +/- 9.7 v 12.2 +/- 4.4 pg/mL; P = 0.03) levels significantly decreased, whereas antidiuretic hormone (ADH), epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels did not change significantly. The percent change in LVMi associated with calcitriol therapy had a strong correlation with the percent change in iPTH (r = 0.52; P < 0.05) and AT II (r = 0.47; P < 0.05) levels. We conclude that the partial correction of SHPT with intravenous calcitriol causes a regression in myocardial hypertrophy without biochemical or hemodynamic changes, such as heart rate, BP, and TPR. The changes in plasma levels of iPTH and, secondarily, plasma levels of neurohormones (especially AT II) after calcitriol therapy may have a key role in attenuating ventricular hypertrophy in SHPT.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Calcitriol/administration & dosage
- Calcium Channel Agonists/administration & dosage
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Echocardiography/methods
- Echocardiography/statistics & numerical data
- Female
- Humans
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/blood
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/drug therapy
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/blood
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/drug therapy
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Injections, Intravenous
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prospective Studies
- Remission Induction
- Renal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Time Factors
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233
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Joo WS, Jin BK, Park CW, Maeng SH, Kim YS. Melatonin increases striatal dopaminergic function in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Neuroreport 1998; 9:4123-6. [PMID: 9926859 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199812210-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the in vivo effects of melatonin, as an antioxidant, on striatal dopaminergic function in rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the striatum. Compared with sham-operated controls and expressed as a ratio relative to the contralateral side, there was an increase in the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA, 142%) and a significant reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme activity (28%) and dopamine (DA, 32%) and its metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC, 50%) 2 weeks after 6-OHDA injection. Melatonin treatment almost completely restored MDA levels to normal, suggesting the in vivo action of melatonin as an antioxidant. In parallel, partial, but statistically significant recovery of striatal dopaminergic function, including TH enzyme activity and DA levels, also occurred following melatonin treatment. Taken together with our previous reports showing behavioral and histochemical effects of melatonin on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, the present results strongly support the hypothesis that melatonin, as an antioxidant, may have beneficial effects on therapeutic approaches for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD).
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234
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Park CW, Shin YS, Kim SM, Lee JM, Oh YS, Baek SH, Cho DG, Choi EJ, Chang YS, Bang BK. Papillary muscle rupture complicating inferior myocardial infarction in a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13:3202-4. [PMID: 9870491 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/13.12.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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235
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Joo JH, Ryu KH, Lee YH, Park CW, Cho JY, Kim YS, Lee JS, Lee MS, Hwang SG, Shim CS. Colonoscopic diagnosis of whipworm infection. HEPATO-GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998; 45:2105-9. [PMID: 9951873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Trichuriasis is an intestinal infection found in human beings which is caused by Trichuris trichiura, more commonly known as whipworm because of its whip-like appearance. It is characterized by the invasion of the colonic mucosa by the adult Trichuris and produces minor inflammatory changes at the sites of localization. It is prevalent throughout the world, especially in tropical areas. Its diagnosis is usually made by identification of the typical eggs in the stool; adult whipworm is rarely seen during colonoscopy. Colonoscopy can directly diagnose trichuriasis, confirming the threadlike form of worms with an attenuated end. The worms can be overlooked, particularly if colon preparation is imperfect. Attenuated whip-like ends of whipworms, which are embedded in the colonic mucosa, were removed with biopsy forceps. We report on 5 cases of whipworm infection that were diagnosed on total colonoscopy.
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236
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Lee K, Jung WH, Park CW, Hong CY, Kim IC, Kim S, Oh YS, Kwon OH, Lee SH, Park HD, Kim SW, Lee YH, Yoo YJ. Benzylamine-based selective and orally bioavailable inhibitors of thrombin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2563-8. [PMID: 9873581 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of p-aminomethylphenylalanine derivatives were investigated as novel thrombin inhibitors. This study led to potent inhibitors of thrombin (Ki up to 3.3 nM) that are trypsin-selective, highly orally bioavailable in rats, and highly permeable across Caco-2 cells. The P1 benzylamine binding mode in the thrombin active site was identified by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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237
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Abstract
Tinnitus had been considered as a surgically incurable disease before Dr. Jannetta's microvascular decompression. Fifty-nine patients were operated on between February 1996 and January 1997 in our center. Selection of the patients was based on personal history, neurootologic test and MRI findings. Tinnitogram, audiometry and brain stem auditory evoked potential were evaluated. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery was found compressing the 8th cranial nerve in most patients. Thirty patients were free of tinnitus or more than 75% improved, 21 showed 50-75% improvement, 4 had 25-50%, and 4 have less than 25% improvement or no change. Nine patients who could not hear on the operated side before surgery improved.
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238
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Kim YS, Joo WS, Jin BK, Cho YH, Baik HH, Park CW. Melatonin protects 6-OHDA-induced neuronal death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Neuroreport 1998; 9:2387-90. [PMID: 9694233 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199807130-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vivo neuroprotective effects of melatonin on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in rats unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions were tested. Two weeks after lesioning the dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine produced rotational asymmetry. In contrast, melatonin treatment significantly reduced the motor deficit following apomorphine challenge. Analysis by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry revealed the loss of cell bodies in the substantia nigra (SN) and absence of terminals in the dorsolateral striatum ipsilaterally. Melatonin treatment also resulted in the survival of dopaminergic neurons in SN and TH-immuoreactive terminals in the dorsolateral striatum. These behavioral and histochemical results may indicate a neuroprotective action of melatonin and suggest a potential pharmacological role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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239
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Park CW, Lee HS, Kim YS. Mechanism of MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. J Toxicol Sci 1998; 23 Suppl 2:184-8. [PMID: 9760460 DOI: 10.2131/jts.23.supplementii_184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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240
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Puigserver P, Wu Z, Park CW, Graves R, Wright M, Spiegelman BM. A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis. Cell 1998; 92:829-39. [PMID: 9529258 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2872] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is an important component of energy homeostasis and a metabolic defense against obesity. We have cloned a novel transcriptional coactivator of nuclear receptors, termed PGC-1, from a brown fat cDNA library. PGC-1 mRNA expression is dramatically elevated upon cold exposure of mice in both brown fat and skeletal muscle, key thermogenic tissues. PGC-1 greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARgamma and the thyroid hormone receptor on the uncoupling protein (UCP-1) promoter. Ectopic expression of PGC-1 in white adipose cells activates expression of UCP-1 and key mitochondrial enzymes of the respiratory chain, and increases the cellular content of mitochondrial DNA. These results indicate that PGC-1 plays a key role in linking nuclear receptors to the transcriptional program of adaptive thermogenesis.
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241
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Hahn JW, Park CW, Park SN. Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy with a modeless dye laser. APPLIED OPTICS 1997; 36:6722-6728. [PMID: 18259536 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.006722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We develop a modeless dye laser for broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) and investigate the operational characteristics of the modeless laser. The energy efficiency of the modeless laser is 6%, and the beam divergence is 0.65 mrad. We construct a compact movable CARS system with the modeless laser and a graphite tube furnace to assess the accuracy of the CARS temperature. It is found that the difference between the averaged CARS temperature and the radiation temperature measured with an optical pyrometer is <2% at a temperature range from 1000 to 2400 K. We also measure the averaged CARS temperature drift owing to the variation of the spectral distribution of the modeless laser, which is <1.5% during 5 h of operation.
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242
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Park CW, Shin YS, Shin MJ, Koh SH, Chang KU, Ahn YB, Chang YS, Bang BK. Pyoderma gangrenosum and spinal epidural abscess after subcutaneous administration of recombinant human erythropoietin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12:1506-8. [PMID: 9249800 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/12.7.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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243
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Choi JH, Yoo JH, Chung IJ, Kim DW, Han CW, Shin WS, Min WS, Park CW, Kim CC, Kim DJ. Esophageal aspergillosis after bone marrow transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 19:293-4. [PMID: 9028561 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The prolonged immune suppression associated with bone marrow transplants predisposes to fungal infections including Aspergillus. Disseminated aspergillosis occurs in up to 60% of patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; sites of involvement include the brain, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, thyroid, heart, and spleen. There is only one report of isolated esophageal aspergillosis. A recent acute myelogenous leukemia patient had isolated esophageal aspergillosis after bone marrow transplantation which was successfully treated with amphotericin B.
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244
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Abstract
Biliary cystadenocarcinoma is a very rare cystic tumor that arises in the liver or, less frequently, in the extrahepatic biliary system. It has been shown to arise in congenital liver cysts, bile ducts, biliary cystadenoma, in the context of fibropolycystic disease and in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Common presenting symptoms include an abdominal mass, local pain, nausea, jaundice, fever or occasional ascites. Some patients are asymptomatic, the lesion being an incidental finding at autopsy or surgery. Approximately 50 cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of biliary cystadenocarcinoma in a 63-year-old man with a review of the literature.
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245
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Park CW, Yun SN, Yang CW, Kim TG, Han H, Choi EJ, Chang YS, Bang BK. Serum and urine soluble HLA class I antigen concentrations are increased in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Korean J Intern Med 1997; 12:52-7. [PMID: 9159038 PMCID: PMC4531974 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.1997.12.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to evaluate the association between the Hantaan virus-induced cellular-immune response and clinical severity in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). METHODS We serially measured the serum (n = 16) and urine (n = 6) concentrations of soluble HLA class 1 antigen (sHLA-l) and clinical powameters in patients with HFRS. RESULTS Serum sHLA-I concentrations in patients with HFRS were significantly higher than those in controls throughout all clinical phases (p < 0.01). The highly elevated Serum sHLA-I concentrations peaked in the oliguric phase and declined gradually through the phases of HFRS. Serum sHLA-l concentrations in patients with hypotensive episode were higher than in those without the episode (5,85 +/-2,184 vs. 2,389 +/- 860 ng/ml in oliguric phase, 4.11 +/- 1,952 vs. 1,502 +/- 592 ng/ml in diuretic phase, p < 0.05), and serum sHLA-l levels showed a significant correlation with blood WBC count (r = 0.75 in the febrile and hypotensive phase, p < 0.01) and serum creatinine concentrations (r = 0.64 in the oliguric phase, p < 0.01), respectively, Urine sHLA-I levels in the oliguric phase were significantly higher than those in the diuretic phase (390 +/- 155 vs. 214 +/- 45 ng/mg Cr, p < 0.05) and urine sHLA-I levels are associated with severe illness in patients with HFRS. The higher serum sHLA-I are associated with severe illness in patients with HFRS. The persistent elevation of serum sHLA-I during all phases of HFRS might be related to increased production due to prolonged cellular immunologic stimulation by the Hantaan virus rather than decreased excretion of sHLA-I through the kidney. CONCLUSION We suggest that the serum and urine sHLA-I concentrations can be used as a stable and objective parameter for monitoring clinical severity and renal dysfunction in patients with HFRS.
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246
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Kim HS, Park YW, Kasai H, Nishimura S, Park CW, Choi KH, Chung MH. Induction of E. coli oh8Gua endonuclease by oxidative stress: its significance in aerobic life. Mutat Res 1996; 363:115-23. [PMID: 8676925 DOI: 10.1016/0921-8777(96)00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The induction of 8-hydroxyguanine (oh8Gua) endonuclease, a DNA repair enzyme for an oxidatively modified guanine, oh8Gua was studied in various growth conditions in Escherichia coli (AB1157). Anaerobically grown E. coli were found to have a very low activity of this enzyme while aerobically grown cells showed activity about 20 times that of the anaerobic level. Under the same condition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed about 6-fold increase in activity. A shift in growth conditions from anaerobic to aerobic resulted in rapid induction of this enzyme, and this induction was blocked (but not completely) by chloramphenicol. It is indicated that molecular oxygen is an effective stimulator to the induction of this enzyme and its induction depends partly on protein synthesis. Superoxide-producing compounds such as paraquat and menadione also increased the activity of endonuclease as well as SOD, but H2O2 showed no effect. Thus, superoxides are also implied as a stimulator. In contrast, hyperoxia induced only SOD not the endonuclease. This induction of the endonuclease by hyperoxia was only observed in a SOD-deficient strain (QC774). The aerobic activity of the endonuclease in QC774 was the same as that of wild types (AB1157, GC4468). It is implied that the responsiveness of oh8Gua endonuclease to superoxides is less sensitive than that of SOD. The endonuclease was also induced by a temperature shift from 30 to 43 degrees C and treatment with nalidixic acid. Among the stimuli used, molecular oxygen seems to be most effective for its induction. The inducible nature of this enzyme will serve as an important mechanism for the protection of oxidative DNA damage in the aerobic environment.
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247
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Park CW, Kim SY, Choi EJ, Chang YS, Bang BK. Transient disappearance of hyperthyroidism with atrial fibrillation during the course of acute renal failure caused by haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11:702-3. [PMID: 8671864 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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248
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Kang HS, Lee BS, Yang Y, Park CW, Ha HJ, Pyun KH, Choi I. Roles of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A in an IL-6-mediated autocrine growth loop of human myeloma cells. Cell Immunol 1996; 168:174-83. [PMID: 8640863 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1996.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of IL-6 production is one of the major causes for human multiple myeloma. Exogenous IL-6 stimulated the proliferation of fresh human myeloma cells and the myeloma cell line, U266, which produced IL-6 spontaneously. Anti-IL-6 antibody and IL-6 antisense oligonucleotide suppressed the IL-6 stimulated myeloma cell proliferation, indicating that IL-6 induced the myeloma cell proliferation via an autocrine loop. Okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A, inhibited the U266 cell proliferation at a concentration of less than 1 ng/ml. At this concentration, okadaic acid suppressed the IL-6-induced IL-6 gene expression of myeloma cells. It seems that the okadaic acid blocked the myeloma cell proliferation by reducing IL-6 synthesis in myeloma cells. In addition, IL-6 itself also regulated IL-6 receptor expression. Analysis by FACScan and RT-PCR showed that anti-IL-6 antibody treatment up-regulated IL-6 receptor expression. Interestingly, the presence of okadaic acid induced the up-regulation of IL-6 receptor expression as well as the down-regulation of IL-6-induced gp130 phosphorylation in the myeloma cells. Taken together, these data suggest that protein phosphatase 1 and 2A are involved in IL-6-mediated autocrine growth of human myeloma cells by modulating IL-6 signaling and IL-6 receptor expression in myeloma cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Autoreceptors/biosynthesis
- Autoreceptors/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Ethers, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hybridomas/drug effects
- Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-6/pharmacology
- Interleukin-6/physiology
- Mice
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Okadaic Acid
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/physiology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Phosphatase 1
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-6
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/enzymology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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249
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Lee YJ, Chung TJ, Park CW, Hahn Y, Chung JH, Lee BL, Han DM, Jung YH, Kim S, Lee Y. Structure and expression of the tenecin 3 gene in Tenebrio molitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 218:6-11. [PMID: 8573176 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A genomic DNA fragment encoding tenecin 3, an antifungal protein was cloned from the genomic DNA library of Tenebrio molitor. The DNA sequence analysis showed that the coding region is divided into two exons by an intron of 49 bp in the middle of the putative leader peptide coding region. Southern blot analysis suggests that the gene is present as a single copy. The transcription initiation site was determined by primer extension analysis and S1 mapping. The TATA box and CCAAT box sequences were found at -30, and -121, respectively, from the transcription initiation site. Tenecin 3 mRNA is abundantly expressed in larvae and adults, while little was detected in RNAs from pupae, suggesting that the expression of the tenecin 3 gene is developmentally regulated.
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250
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Abstract
Carcinoma of the lip is a relatively common malignancy of the head and neck region, accounting for approximately one quarter of oral cavity cancers. Although this form of cancer is generally readily curable compared with malignancies at other head and neck sites, regional metastases, local recurrence, and even death from this disease may occasionally occur. A review of 1252 patients who were diagnosed with lip cancer from 1940 to 1987 was undertaken to identify and rank prognostic variables, clarify differential incidences of site predilection between male and female patients, and examine the correlation between tumor site and histopathologic diagnoses. Large tumor size, high tumor grade, the presence of adenopathy, a subsite other than the lower lip, and inadequate surgical margins were found to have a negative impact on determinate survival of patients with lip carcinoma. Twenty-one percent of lip cancers in female patients arose on the upper lip, whereas only 3% of lip cancers in male patients developed on the upper lip. Basal cell carcinomas comprised 13% of upper lip cancers and only less than 1% of lower lip cancers. Recurrence developed in 15.1% of the patients reviewed and was strongly associated with large tumor size and poor differentiation. Local recurrence was associated with a determinate survival of 78%, whereas patients having regional recurrences had a survival rate of 52%. These data support aggressive treatment of lip cancers greater than 3 cm in diameter, high-grade tumors, tumors associated with cervical lymphadenopathy, and upper lip and commissure tumors. Lip cancer in women seems to be slightly more aggressive than in men.
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