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Hurlbert SH, Chang CC. Ornitholimnology: Effects of grazing by the Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 80:4766-9. [PMID: 16593350 PMCID: PMC384125 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.15.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental exclusion of the Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus) from shallow water areas of a salt lake in the Bolivian Andes caused large increases in the biomass of microorganisms inhabiting the surface sediments, especially a large diatom (Surirella wetzeli), amebas, ciliates, and nematodes. This is a conservative demonstration of the influences that water birds in general exert on the structure of aquatic ecosystems.
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Chang CC, Hsu CW, Lin CJ. The analysis of decomposition methods for support vector machines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:1003-8. [PMID: 18249827 DOI: 10.1109/72.857780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The support vector machine (SVM) is a new and promising technique for pattern recognition. It requires the solution of a large dense quadratic programming problem. Traditional optimization methods cannot be directly applied due to memory restrictions. Up to now, very few methods can handle the memory problem and an important one is the "decomposition method." However, there is no convergence proof so far. In this paper, we connect this method to projected gradient methods and provide theoretical proofs for a version of decomposition methods. An extension to bound-constrained formulation of SVM is also provided.We then show that this convergence proof is valid for general decomposition methods if their working set selection meets a simple requirement.
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103
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Ito M, Zhao N, Zeng Z, Chang CC, Zu Y. Synergistic growth inhibition of anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells by combining cellular ALK gene silencing and a low dose of the kinase inhibitor U0126. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 17:633-44. [PMID: 20448669 PMCID: PMC2919633 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2010.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene is an important pathogenic factor for anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). To study the function of ALK, an inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system was stably introduced into cultured human ALCL cells. Inducing shRNA expression in the generated cells resulted in cellular ALK gene silencing and led to inactivation of multiple signaling pathways and growth arrest. Interestingly, a combination of ALK gene silencing with U0126, a kinase inhibitor specific for the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 pathway, resulted in an augmented reduction in cellular JunB expression. Functional studies indicated that combining ALK gene silencing with U0126 treatment provided a synergistic growth inhibition, which occurred faster and was more profound than with either treatment alone. This synergistic effect was also observed when measuring cell proliferation, apoptosis, and in vitro cell colony formation. Importantly, the combination of ALK gene silencing and U0126 had a prolonged inhibitory effect, preventing recovery of ALCL cell growth even after treatments were removed. Moreover, this synergistic inhibitory effect was confirmed in vivo using a mouse model with xenografted ALCL tumors. Our findings indicate that combining cellular ALK gene silencing with a low dose of U0126 may prove to be an effective and more specific therapeutic approach to treating ALCL.
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Sudheendran S, Chang CC, Deckelbaum RJ. N-3 vs. saturated fatty acids: effects on the arterial wall. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 82:205-9. [PMID: 20207121 PMCID: PMC2878127 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis and unstable plaques are underlying causes for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease is associated with consumption of diets high in saturated fats. In contrast there is increasing evidence that higher intakes of dietary n-3 fatty acids decrease risk for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies are beginning to clarify how n-3 compared with saturated fatty acids influence cardiovascular disease risk via pathways in the arterial wall. In this paper we will review studies that report on mechanisms whereby dietary fatty acids affect atherosclerosis through modulation of arterial wall lipid deposition, inflammation, cell proliferation, and plaque vulnerability.
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Huang HC, Wang SS, Chang CC, Lee FY, Lin HC, Hou MC, Teng TH, Chen YC, Lee SD. Evolution of portal-systemic collateral vasopressin response in endotoxemic portal hypertensive rats. Shock 2010; 32:503-8. [PMID: 19295490 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181a1bf86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage are vulnerable to endotoxemia. However, the direct influence of endotoxemia on portal-systemic collateral vasculature remains unexplored. In this study, portal hypertension was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by partial portal vein ligation. On the 7th day after portal vein ligation, at 0.5, 1.5, and 5 h post endotoxin (LPS; Escherichia coli serotype O111:B4, 3 mg/kg, i.p., E0.5, E1.5 and E5, respectively) or saline (control, C0.5, C1.5, and C5, respectively) injection, hemodynamic measurements and concentration-response relationships to arginine vasopressin (AVP; 10(-10)-10(-7) mol/L) in collateral vascular bed were obtained. In another six parallel groups, reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of iNOS, eNOS, and endothelin 1 (ET-1) mRNA expressions for splenorenal shunt, the most prominent intra-abdominal collateral vessel, was performed. The results showed that E0.5 had lower perfusion pressure changes to AVP and higher splenorenal shunt eNOS expression than C0.5 group (P < 0.05). Compared with C1.5, tachycardia, higher perfusion pressure changes and enhanced splenorenal shunt iNOS and ET-1 expression were observed in E1.5 group (P < 0.05). In E5, systemic and portal hypotension with markedly enhanced collateral AVP responsiveness and splenorenal shunt iNOS and ET-1 expressions were noted (P < 0.05). In conclusion, vasoactive substances counterregulation participates, at least in part, the time-dependent changes of collateral AVP responsiveness in endotoxemic portal hypertensive rats.
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Justice AC, McGinnis KA, Skanderson M, Chang CC, Gibert CL, Goetz MB, Rimland D, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Oursler KK, Brown ST, Braithwaite RS, May M, Covinsky KE, Roberts MS, Fultz SL, Bryant KJ. Towards a combined prognostic index for survival in HIV infection: the role of 'non-HIV' biomarkers. HIV Med 2010; 11:143-51. [PMID: 19751364 PMCID: PMC3077949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As those with HIV infection live longer, 'non-AIDS' condition associated with immunodeficiency and chronic inflammation are more common. We ask whether 'non-HIV' biomarkers improve differentiation of mortality risk among individuals initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). METHODS Using Poisson models, we analysed data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) on HIV-infected veterans initiating cART between 1 January 1997 and 1 August 2002. Measurements included: HIV biomarkers (CD4 cell count, HIV RNA and AIDS-defining conditions); 'non-HIV' biomarkers (haemoglobin, transaminases, platelets, creatinine, and hepatitis B and C serology); substance abuse or dependence (alcohol or drug); and age. Outcome was all cause mortality. We tested the discrimination (C statistics) of each biomarker group alone and in combination in development and validation data sets, over a range of survival intervals, and adjusting for missing data. RESULTS Of veterans initiating cART, 9784 (72%) had complete data. Of these, 2566 died. Subjects were middle-aged (median age 45 years), mainly male (98%) and predominantly black (51%). HIV and 'non-HIV' markers were associated with each other (P < 0.0001) and discriminated mortality (C statistics 0.68-0.73); when combined, discrimination improved (P < 0.0001). Discrimination for the VACS Index was greater for shorter survival intervals [30-day C statistic 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-0.91], but good for intervals of up to 8 years (C statistic 0.73, 95% CI 0.72-0.74). Results were robust to adjustment for missing data. CONCLUSIONS When added to HIV biomarkers, 'non-HIV' biomarkers improve differentiation of mortality. When evaluated over similar intervals, the VACS Index discriminates as well as other established indices. After further validation, the VACS Index may provide a useful, integrated risk assessment for management and research.
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Chao KC, Chang CC, Yen MS, Wang PH. Anti-tumor activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors and the effect on ATP-binding cassette in ovarian carcinoma cells. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2010; 31:402-410. [PMID: 20882882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is of worldwide importance, and has a significantly high mortality rate due to therapy failure. Drug resistance might be one of most importance factors. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been reported to be a new class of promising anti-tumor agents, thus this study aimed to investigate the effect of HDAC on the chemo-resistance genes of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. METHODS The expressions of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes, multidrug-resistant protein (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP1 and 2) of ovarian cancer cell lines OC-109 and SK-OV-3 after HDACi treatment were determined. RESULTS HDACi, including sodium butyrate (NaB), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and trichostatin A (TSA) reduced ovarian cancer cell viability from 4.4% to 68.8%, in both dose- and time-dependent manners. The effect of HDACi on MDR1, MRP1, and MRP2 showed induced expression of MDR1 mRNA, but reduced mRNA expression of MRP1 and MRP2. CONCLUSIONS The effect of HDACi on the reduced viability of ovarian cancer cell lines, concomitant with the induced expression of MDR1 and reduced expression of MRP1 and 2, might provide additional benefits in the management of ovarian cancers in the future.
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Hung YH, Hsu CT, Chang CC. Ovarian carcinomatosis presenting as bilateral inguinal hernia: a brief report. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2010; 31:345-346. [PMID: 21077486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis for what may seem an inguinal hernia may be complex, as lateral pain may be of many types of origin. We report the case of a 48-year-old female patient who presented with a history of painful, progressively protruding soft bulging masses over the bilateral inguinal area and a 20-year history of head cancer and hepatitis B virus. Pathological analysis, gynecological ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography scan were required to make final determination. Final diagnosis was Stage IV ovarian carcinomatosis, which responded to chemotherapy. Initial diagnosis of inguinal hernia should not rule out other potential diagnoses, particularly in complex cases with other risk factors.
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Cusanno F, Urciuoli GM, Acha A, Ambrozewicz P, Aniol KA, Baturin P, Bertin PY, Benaoum H, Blomqvist KI, Boeglin WU, Breuer H, Brindza P, Bydzovský P, Camsonne A, Chang CC, Chen JP, Choi S, Chudakov EA, Cisbani E, Colilli S, Coman L, Craver BJ, De Cataldo G, de Jager CW, De Leo R, Deur AP, Ferdi C, Feuerbach RJ, Folts E, Fratoni R, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Giuliani F, Gomez J, Gricia M, Hansen JO, Hayes D, Higinbotham DW, Holmstrom TK, Hyde CE, Ibrahim HF, Iodice M, Jiang X, Kaufman LJ, Kino K, Kross B, Lagamba L, LeRose JJ, Lindgren RA, Lucentini M, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Marrone S, Meziani ZE, McCormick K, Michaels RW, Millener DJ, Miyoshi T, Moffit B, Monaghan PA, Moteabbed M, Muñoz Camacho C, Nanda S, Nappi E, Nelyubin VV, Norum BE, Okasyasu Y, Paschke KD, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Punjabi VA, Qiang Y, Raue B, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Reitz B, Roche RE, Rodriguez VM, Saha A, Santavenere F, Sarty AJ, Segal J, Shahinyan A, Singh J, Sirca S, Snyder R, Solvignon PH, Sotona M, Subedi R, Sulkosky VA, Suzuki T, Ueno H, Ulmer PE, Veneroni P, Voutier E, Wojtsekhowski BB, Zheng X, Zorn C. High-resolution spectroscopy of Lambda16N by electroproduction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:202501. [PMID: 20365979 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study of the (16)O(e,e'K(+))(Lambda)(16)N reaction has been performed at Jefferson Lab. A thin film of falling water was used as a target. This permitted a simultaneous measurement of the p(e,e'K(+))Lambda, Sigma(0) exclusive reactions and a precise calibration of the energy scale. A ground-state binding energy of 13.76+/-0.16 MeV was obtained for (Lambda)(16)N with better precision than previous measurements on the mirror hypernucleus (Lambda)(16)O. Precise energies have been determined for peaks arising from a Lambda in s and p orbits coupled to the p(1/2) and p(3/2) hole states of the (15)N core nucleus.
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Brodie BB, Chang CC, Costa E. On the mechanism of action of guanethidine and bretylium. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 2009; 25:171-8. [PMID: 19108194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1965.tb01769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fang GC, Lin SJ, Lee JF, Chang CC. A study of particulates and metallic element concentrations in temple. Toxicol Ind Health 2009; 25:93-100. [PMID: 19458131 DOI: 10.1177/0748233709105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of ambient suspended particulates were measured at Tzu Yun Yen temple in Taiwan (120 degrees , 34', 46.2''E, 24 degrees , 16', 17.1''N), where semi-open incense burning is characteristic. Many pilgrims from different areas with various beliefs visit the temple and burn incense. Samples were collected with a universal sampler used for measuring suspended particulate concentrations. Sampling period was from August 8, 2006, to October 6, 2006. The average PM(10) concentrations measured at the temple were 16% higher than 125 microg/m(3) (this value is the outdoor air quality standard according to Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA)). In coarse particulates (PM(2.5-10)), the mean metallic elements concentrations are in the order of Ca>Mg>Zn>Fe>Mn>Cr>Cu>Pb during weekend and weekday sampling. In addition, the fine particulates (PM(2.5)) mean metallic elements concentrations are in the order of Ca>Mg>Fe>Zn>Cr>Mn>Pb>Cu during weekend sampling and Ca>Fe>Mg>Zn>Cr>Mn>Pb>Cu during weekday sampling.
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Chang CC, Chang YY, Chang WN, Lee YC, Wang YL, Lui CC, Huang CW, Liu WL. Cognitive deficits in multiple system atrophy correlate with frontal atrophy and disease duration. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:1144-50. [PMID: 19486137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dementia remains an exclusion criterion in diagnosing multiple system atrophy (MSA). This study aimed to determine the cognitive changes and brain atrophy patterns in the Parkinsonian (MSA-P) and cerebellar (MSA-C) variants of MSA. METHODS Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuro-psychological tests were applied to 10 MSA-C and 13 MSA-P patients, and compared to 37 age-matched controls. Correlation analyses were performed between cognitive test results and morphometric data extracted from the VBM data. RESULTS In neuro-psychological testing, the 23 MSA patients scored lower in the Stroop interference test and took longer in the trail-making test as compared with the controls, whereas MSA-C performed worse than MSA-P in the memory scores, Stroop test, and time to complete the trail-making test. MSA, as a group, showed atrophy in the cerebellum, insular cortex, fusiform gyrus, inferior orbito-frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and caudate nucleus. Memory scores correlated well with pre-frontal lobe atrophy but not in the insular area. CONCLUSION In conclusion, although dementia is not a typical presenting feature of MSA and is regarded as a sub-cortical movement disorder, frontal atrophy, cognitive changes, and dementia are identifiable as MSA progresses.
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Chang CC, Wang SS, Huang HC, Lee FY, Lin HC, Lee JY, Chen YC, Lee SD. Chronic thalidomide administration enhances vascular responsiveness to vasopressin in portal-systemic collaterals of bile duct-ligated rats. J Chin Med Assoc 2009; 72:234-42. [PMID: 19467946 DOI: 10.1016/s1726-4901(09)70063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine vasopressin (AVP) controls gastroesophageal variceal bleeding, partly due to its vasoconstrictive effect on portal-systemic collaterals. It has been shown that chronic thalidomide treatment decreases portal pressure, attenuates hyperdynamic circulation and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in partially portal vein-ligated rats. This study investigated the effects of chronic thalidomide treatment on portal-systemic collateral vascular responsiveness to AVP in common bile duct-ligated (CBDL) cirrhotic rats. METHODS In the first series, CBDL-induced cirrhotic rats received thalidomide (50 mg/kg/day orally) or distilled water (control) from the 35th to 42nd day after ligation. On the 43rd day after ligation, the body weight, mean arterial pressure, portal pressure, and heart rate were measured. An in situ collateral vascular perfusion model was used to obtain the cumulative concentration-response curves of collateral vessels to AVP (10(-10) to 3 x 10(-7) M). Plasma levels of VEGF and TNF-alpha were measured, and expressions of VEGF and TNF-alpha mRNA in the left adrenal veins were also determined. In the second series, the cumulative concentration-response curves of collateral vessels to AVP in CBDL rats with or without thalidomide (10(-5) M) preincubation in the perfusate were obtained. RESULTS The thalidomide and control groups were not significantly different in terms of heart rate, mean arterial pressure and portal pressure (p > 0.05). The collateral vascular perfusion pressure change to AVP was significantly enhanced at 10(-8) M after thalidomide treatment (p = 0.041). Compared with the control group, thalidomide-treated rats had significantly lower plasma VEGF levels (p < 0.001), accompanied by an insignificant reduction in plasma TNF-alpha levels (p > 0.05). The expressions of VEGF and TNF-alpha mRNA in the left adrenal veins of thalidomide-treated CBDL rats were not significantly changed compared with those of the control group. In addition, thalidomide did not significantly elicit changes in vascular responsiveness to AVP in collateral vessels of CBDL rats when it was added into the perfusate. CONCLUSION In cirrhotic rats, chronic thalidomide treatment improves the portal-systemic collateral vascular responsiveness to AVP, which was partly related to VEGF inhibition.
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Hsu FY, Liu MT, Tung CJ, Hsueh Liu YW, Chang CC, Liu HM, Chou FI. Assessment of dose rate scaling factors used in NCTPlan treatment planning code for the BNCT beam of THOR. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:S130-3. [PMID: 19375926 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tsing Hua open-pool reactor (THOR) at Tsing Hua University in Taiwan has been used to investigate the feasibility and to enhance the technology of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for years. A rebuilt epithermal beam port for BNCT at THOR was finished in the summer of 2004, and then researches and experiments were performed to hasten the first clinical treatment case of BNCT in Taiwan in the near future. NCTPlan, a Monte Carlo-based clinical treatment planning code, was used to calculate the dose-rate distributions of BNCT in this work. A self-made Snyder head phantom with a servo-motor control system was irradiated in front of the THOR BNCT beam exit. The phantom was made from a 3mm shell of quartz wool impregnated with acrylic casting resin mounted on an acrylic base, and was filled with water. Gold foils (bare and cadmium-covered) and paired ion chambers (one with graphite wall and filled with CO(2) gas, another with A-150 plastic tissue equivalent wall and filled with tissue equivalent gas) were placed inside the Snyder phantom to measure and estimate the depth-dose distributions in the central axis of the beam. Dose components include the contribution of thermal neutrons, fast neutrons, photons and emitted alpha particles from (10)B(n,alpha)(7)Li reaction. Comparison and analysis between computed and measured results of depth-dose distributions were made in this work. Dose rate scaling factors (DRSFs) were defined as normalization factors derived individually for each dose component in the BNCT in-phantom radiation field that provide the best agreement between measured and computed data. This paper reports the in-phantom calculated and experimental dosimetry and the determined DRSFs used in NCTPlan code for the BNCT beam of THOR.
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Chen CF, Liu J, Hromada LP, Tsao CW, Chang CC, DeVoe DL. High-pressure needle interface for thermoplastic microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:50-5. [PMID: 19209335 DOI: 10.1039/b812812j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A robust and low dead volume world-to-chip interface for thermoplastic microfluidics has been developed. The high pressure fluidic port employs a stainless steel needle inserted into a mating hole aligned to an embedded microchannel, with an interference fit used to increase pressure resistance. Alternately, a self-tapping threaded needle screwed into a mating hole is also demonstrated. In both cases, the flat bottom needle ports seat directly against the microchannel substrate, ensuring low interfacial dead volumes. Low dispersion is observed for dye bands passing the interfaces. The needle ports offer sufficient pull-out forces for applications such as liquid chromatography that require high internal fluid pressures, with the epoxy-free interfaces compatible with internal microchannel pressures above 40 MPa.
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Chen CM, Tsai YL, Chang CC, Chen HC, Chen MK. Is planned surgery important in sinonasal inverted papilloma? B-ENT 2009; 5:225-231. [PMID: 20163048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate which clinical characteristics of inverted papilloma (IP) can result easily in misdiagnosis by clinicians and to determine the recurrence rate of inverted papilloma depending on diagnosis confirmation pre-operatively, intra-operatively or post-operatively. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-one patients were treated for IP and 47 patients attended regular post-operative follow-up appointments for at least one year (mean: 54 months). RESULTS The patients were assigned to 3 groups: group Ia, in which IP was not confirmed until the post-operative pathology findings; group Ib, in which IP was confirmed during the operation; and group II, in which IP was confirmed before the operation. There were nineteen (37%) patients in group Ia, nine patients (18%) in group Ib and twenty-three patients (45%) in group II. The recurrence rates for groups Ia, Ib and II were 33%, 11% and 5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The initial presentation of bilateral sinonasal disease can easily lead the doctor into the misdiagnosis of IP. Bony erosion, remodelling, and a widening of the natural orifice of the sinuses on a CT scan are useful signs indicating IP. The correct diagnosis prior to surgery is a determinant of outcome. The use of frozen sections should, however, improve outcome as well. In this study we highlight the high prevalence and relatively low control rate of misdiagnosed IP (pathology undetermined pre-operatively) and hope to remind clinicians that early recognition of the tumour is most beneficial to patients.
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Solvignon P, Liyanage N, Chen JP, Choi S, Aniol K, Averett T, Boeglin W, Camsonne A, Cates GD, Chang CC, Chudakov E, Craver B, Cusanno F, Deur A, Dutta D, Ent R, Feuerbach R, Frullani S, Gao H, Garibaldi F, Gilman R, Glashausser C, Gorbenko V, Hansen O, Higinbotham DW, Ibrahim H, Jiang X, Jones M, Kelleher A, Kelly J, Keppel C, Kim W, Korsch W, Kramer K, Kumbartzki G, Lerose JJ, Lindgren R, Ma B, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, McCormick K, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Moffit B, Monaghan P, Munoz Camacho C, Paschke K, Reitz B, Saha A, Sheyor R, Singh J, Slifer K, Sulkosky V, Tobias A, Urciuoli GM, Wang K, Wijesooriya K, Wojtsekhowski B, Woo S, Yang JC, Zheng X, Zhu L. Quark-hadron duality in neutron (3He) spin structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:182502. [PMID: 18999823 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.182502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental results of the first high-precision test of quark-hadron duality in the spin-structure function g_{1} of the neutron and 3He using a polarized 3He target in the four-momentum-transfer-squared range from 0.7 to 4.0 (GeV/c);{2}. Global duality is observed for the spin-structure function g_{1} down to at least Q;{2}=1.8 (GeV/c);{2} in both targets. We have also formed the photon-nucleon asymmetry A1 in the resonance region for 3He and found no strong Q2 dependence above 2.2 (GeV/c);{2}.
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Chang CC, Gangaram HB, Hussein SH. Malaysian Psoriasis Registry--preliminary report of a pilot study using a newly revised registry form. THE MEDICAL JOURNAL OF MALAYSIA 2008; 63 Suppl C:68-71. [PMID: 19227676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Malaysian Psoriasis Registry, established in 1998, is the first skin disease clinical registry in Malaysia. It aims to provide useful data on various aspects of psoriasis. Following an extensive revision of the registry form in 2007, a total of 509 psoriasis patients from 10 government dermatologic centres were reviewed in a three month pilot study. The onset of psoriasis was during the second to fourth decade of life in the majority of patients. There was no sexual and ethnic predilection. A positive family history was present in 21.2%, and more common in patients with younger disease onset. The main aggravating factors of psoriasis were stress, sunlight and infection. Plaque psoriasis was the commonest clinical type (80.9%). Joint disease was present in 17.3% of patients, among which mono-/oligoarticular type being the commonest. Nail changes occurred in 68%. More psoriasis patients were overweight and obese compared to the normal population. The mean Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI) score was 8.08 +/- 6.29, and changes during subsequent follow-up may reflect therapeutic effectiveness. This study enabled evaluation of the revised registry form and helped in identifying shortcomings in the implementation of the registry.
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Huang HC, Wang SS, Lee FY, Chang CC, Chang FY, Lin HC, Hou MC, Lee SD. Vasopressin response and shunting modulation in cirrhotic rats by chronic nitric oxide inhibition. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23:e265-9. [PMID: 17764528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in the vascular hyposensitivity to vasoconstrictors in cirrhosis. Chronic NO inhibition improves the portal-systemic collateral responsiveness to arginine(8)-vasopressin (AVP) and ameliorates shunting degree in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension. This study investigated whether long-term NO inhibition by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) enhances the collateral vascular responsiveness to AVP and alleviates the severity of shunting in cirrhotic rats. METHODS Bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats received L-NAME in tap water (25 mg/kg/day) or tap water only (control) for 1 week from the 36th day after BDL. On the 43rd day, the mean arterial pressure and portal pressure were measured. With an in situ perfusion model of portal-systemic collateral vasculature, different concentrations of AVP (10(-10)-10(-7) mol/L) with a constant flow rate (12 mL/min) were applied to assess the perfusion pressure changes of collaterals. In addition, flow pressure curves were obtained with different flow rates (6-18 mL/min): the slopes serve as indices of collateral vascular resistance and the higher resistance indicates less collateral. RESULTS The mean arterial pressure was significantly increased after L-NAME treatment (P < 0.05), whereas the heart rate and portal pressure were not significantly modified. As compared with the controls, the L-NAME group exerted significantly higher perfusion pressure changes to AVP at the concentrations of 3 x 10(-8), 10(-7) and 3 x 10(-7) mol/L. In addition, chronic L-NAME administration induced collateral vascular resistance elevation, suggesting the attenuation of portal-systemic shunting. CONCLUSION Chronic NO inhibition improves the collateral vascular responsiveness to AVP and ameliorates portal-systemic shunting in BDL cirrhotic rats.
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Chang CC, Athan E, Morrissey CO, Slavin MA. Preventing invasive fungal infection during hospital building works. Intern Med J 2008; 38:538-41. [PMID: 18588524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Huang HC, Wang SS, Chang CC, Lee FY, Chang FY, Lin HC, Hou MC, Lu RH, Lee SD. Chronic indomethacin treatment enhances the portal-systemic collateral vascular response to vasopressin in bile-duct ligated rats. J Chin Med Assoc 2007; 70:521-6. [PMID: 18194892 DOI: 10.1016/s1726-4901(08)70054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is often accompanied by portal-systemic collateral formation with hemorrhage and encephalopathy. Prostacyclin participates in hyperdynamic circulation and vascular hyporeactiveness to vasoconstrictors in cirrhosis. It has been shown that arginine vasopressin (AVP) induces direct collateral vasoconstriction in portal hypertensive rats, which is potentiated by indomethacin preincubation. However, the influence of chronic indomethacin administration in cirrhosis remains unexplored. METHODS This study was performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats with liver cirrhosis induced by common bile duct ligation. They received subcutaneous indomethacin (5 mg/kg/day) or distilled water (control) injection from the 36th to 42nd day after operation. On the 43rd day, systemic and portal hemodynamics were evaluated and the following experiments were performed with an in situ collateral perfusion model: in the first series, concentration-response curves to AVP (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) were obtained; in the second series, flow-pressure curves were plotted (Krebs solution, 6-18 mL/min), where the slope represents an index of collateral vascular resistance (the higher the resistance, the smaller the amount of shunting vessels, that is, the lower the degree of shunting). RESULTS The mean arterial pressure and portal pressure were similar between indomethacin and control groups (p > 0.05). Indomethacin elevated the collateral perfusion pressure to AVP (3 x 10(-9), 10(-8) M, p < 0.05) but did not influence the slope of the flow-pressure curve (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In bile duct-ligated cirrhotic rats, indomethacin improves the portal-systemic collateral vascular responsiveness to AVP without alleviating the severity of shunting.
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Huang CR, Lu CH, Chuang YC, Tsai NW, Chang CC, Chen SF, Wang HC, Chien CC, Chang WN. Adult Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis: high incidence of underlying medical and/or postneurosurgical conditions and high mortality rate. Jpn J Infect Dis 2007; 60:397-399. [PMID: 18032844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the clinical and laboratory characteristics, therapeutic outcome and prognostic factors of 25 cases of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture-proven Pseudomonas aeruginosa adult bacterial meningitis (ABM). Twelve P. aeruginosa strains, isolated from clinical CSF specimens, were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. The 25 cases included 17 men and 8 women, aged 17 to 86 years (median=51). Of the 25 cases of P. aeruginosa ABM, 18 were the result of postneurosurgical infection and the other 7 were spontaneous infections. The latter 7 cases had serious underlying medical conditions. The antibiotic susceptibility rates of the 12 strains were as follows: ceftriaxone 16.7% (2/12), ceftazidime 91.7% (11/12), cefepime 83.3% (10/12), imipenem 83.3% (10/12), meropenem 83.3% (10/12) and ciprofloxacin 66.7% (8/12). The therapeutic results showed an overall mortality rate of 40% (10/25). The emergence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains cultured from clinical CSF specimens in recent years has resulted in a therapeutic challenge in the treatment of ABM.
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Chang CC, Cheng AC, Chang AB. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007:CD006088. [PMID: 17943884 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006088.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cough is often distressing for patients with pneumonia. Accordingly they often use over-the-counter (OTC) cough medications (mucolytics or cough suppressants). These might provide relief in reducing the severity of cough, but conversely, suppression of the cough mechanism might impede airway clearance and cause harm. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of OTC cough medications as an adjunct to antibiotics in children and adults with pneumonia. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 4); MEDLINE (January 1966 to December 2006); OLDMEDLINE (1950 to 1965); EMBASE (1980 to December 2006) and the list of references in relevant publications. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in children and adults comparing any type of OTC cough medication with a placebo, or control medication, with cough as an outcome and where the cough is secondary to acute pneumonia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We independently selected trials for inclusion. Data were extracted from these studies, assessed for methodological quality without disagreement, and analysed using standard methods. MAIN RESULTS Four studies were included with a total of 224 participants; one was performed exclusively in children and three in adolescents or adults. One using an antitussive had no extractable pneumonia-specific data. Three different mucolytics (bromhexine, ambroxol, neltenexine) were used in the remaining studies, of which only two had extractable data. They demonstrated no significant difference for the primary outcome of 'not cured or not improved' for mucolytics. A secondary outcome of 'not cured' was reduced (odds ratio (OR) 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 0.77; number needed to treat (NNT) 5, 95% CI 3 to 16 for children and OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.75; NNT 5, 95% CI 3 to 19 for adults). In a post hoc analysis combining data for children and adults, again there was also no difference in the primary outcome of 'not cured or not improved' (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.80) although mucolytics reduced the secondary outcome 'not cured' (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.60; NNT 4, 95% CI 3 to 8). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to decide whether OTC medications for cough associated with acute pneumonia are beneficial. Mucolytics may be, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend them as an adjunctive treatment of acute pneumonia. This leaves only theoretical recommendations that OTC medications containing codeine and antihistamines should not be used in young children.
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Liu YL, Fann CSJ, Liu CM, Chang CC, Yang WC, Hung SI, Yu SL, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Tsuang MM, Wu JY, Jou YS, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Chen WJ, Hwu HG. More evidence supports the association of PPP3CC with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:966-74. [PMID: 17339875 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase composed of two subunits, a regulatory subunit of calcineurin B (CNB) and a catalytic subunit of calcineurin A (CNA). PPP3CC is the gamma isoform of CNA located at the chromosome 8p21.3 region. To evaluate the association between PPP3CC and schizophrenia in the Taiwanese population, 10 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers across the gene were genotyped by the method of MALDI-TOF in 218 schizophrenia families with at least two affected siblings. One SNP (rs2272080) located around the exon 1 untranslated region was nominally associated with schizophrenia (P=0.024) and significantly associated with the expression of PPP3CC in lymphoblast cell line; the TT and TG genotype had significantly higher relative expression levels than the GG genotype (P=0.0012 and 0.015, respectively). In further endophenotype stratification, the single locus of rs2272080 and the haplotypes of both two-SNP haplotype (rs7833266-rs2272080) and seven-SNP haplotype (rs2461491-rs2469758-rs2461489-rs2469770-rs2449340-rs1482337-rs2252471) showed significant associations with the subgroup of schizophrenia with deficits of the sustained attention as tested by the continuous performance test (CPT, P<0.05) and the executive functioning as tested by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST, P<0.05). The results suggest that PPP3CC gene may be a true susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.
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Iodice M, Cusanno F, Acha A, Ambrozewicz P, Aniol KA, Baturin P, Bertin PY, Benaoum H, Blomqvist KI, Boeglin WU, Breuer H, Brindza P, Bydzovský P, Camsonne A, Chang CC, Chen JP, Choi S, Chudakov EA, Cisbani E, Colilli S, Coman L, Craver BJ, De Cataldo G, de Jager CW, De Leo R, Deur AP, Ferdi C, Feuerbach RJ, Folts E, Fratoni R, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Giulani F, Gomez J, Gricia M, Hansen JO, Hayes D, Higinbotham DW, Holmstrom TK, Hyde CE, Ibrahim HF, Jiang X, Kaufman LJ, Kino K, Kross B, Lagamba L, LeRose JJ, Lindgren RA, Lucentini M, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Marrone S, Meziani ZE, McCormick K, Michaels RW, Millener DJ, Miyoshi T, Moffit B, Monaghan PA, Moteabbed M, Muñoz Camacho C, Nanda S, Nappi E, Nelyubin VV, Norum BE, Okasyasu Y, Paschke KD, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Punjabi VA, Qiang Y, Raue B, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Reitz B, Roche RE, Rodriguez VM, Saha A, Santavenere F, Sarty AJ, Segal J, Shahinyan A, Singh J, Sirca S, Snyder R, Solvignon PH, Sotona M, Subedi R, Sulkosky VA, Suzuki T, Ueno H, Ulmer PE, Urciuoli GM, Veneroni P, Voutier E, Wojtsekhowski BB, Ye Y, Zheng X, Zhou S, Zorn C. High resolution spectroscopy of (lambda)(12)B by electroproduction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:052501. [PMID: 17930747 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An experiment measuring electroproduction of hypernuclei has been performed in hall A at Jefferson Lab on a 12C target. In order to increase counting rates and provide unambiguous kaon identification two superconducting septum magnets and a ring imaging Cherenkov detector were added to the hall A standard equipment. An unprecedented energy resolution of less than 700 keV FWHM has been achieved. Thus, the observed (Lambda)(12)B spectrum shows for the first time identifiable strength in the core-excited region between the ground-state s-wave Lambda peak and the 11 MeV p-wave Lambda peak.
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