101
|
Sevillano D, Giménez MJ, Aguilar L, Prieto J. [Are pharmacodynamics a useful tool for the prevention of resistance?]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2005; 18:77-9. [PMID: 15915239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
|
102
|
Aguilar L, Giménez MJ, Casal J, Prieto J. [Pharmacodynamics of beta-lactams and their modification by the immune system]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2005; 18:80-2. [PMID: 15915240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
|
103
|
Mazzolini G, Ruiz J, Prieto J. Posibilidades de la terapia génica en el sistema musculoesquelético. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1888-4415(05)76304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
104
|
Sanz S, Pucilowska JB, Liu S, Rodríguez-Ortigosa CM, Lund PK, Brenner DA, Fuller CR, Simmons JG, Pardo A, Martínez-Chantar ML, Fagin JA, Prieto J. Expression of insulin-like growth factor I by activated hepatic stellate cells reduces fibrogenesis and enhances regeneration after liver injury. Gut 2005; 54:134-41. [PMID: 15591519 PMCID: PMC1774353 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.024505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) express alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) and acquire a profibrogenic phenotype upon activation by noxious stimuli. Insulin-like growth I (IGF-I) has been shown to stimulate HSCs proliferation in vitro, but it has been reported to reduce liver damage and fibrogenesis when given to cirrhotic rats. METHODS The authors used transgenic mice (SMP8-IGF-I) expressing IGF-I under control of alphaSMA promoter to study the influence of IGF-I synthesised by activated HSCs on the recovery from liver injury. RESULTS The transgene was expressed by HSCs from SMP8-IGF-I mice upon activation in culture and in the livers of these animals after CCl4 challenge. Twenty four hours after administration of CCl4 both transgenic and wild type mice showed similar extensive necrosis and increased levels of serum transaminases. However at 72 hours SMP8-IGF-I mice exhibited lower serum transaminases, reduced hepatic expression of alphaSMA, and improved liver morphology compared with wild type littermates. Remarkably, at this time all eight CCl4 treated wild type mice manifested histological signs of liver necrosis that was severe in six of them, while six out of eight transgenic animals had virtually no necrosis. In SMP8-IGF-I mice robust DNA synthesis occurred earlier than in wild type animals and this was associated with enhanced production of HGF and lower TGFbeta1 mRNA expression in the SMP8-IGF-I group. Moreover, Colalpha1(I) mRNA abundance at 72 hours was reduced in SMP8-IGF-I mice compared with wild type controls. CONCLUSIONS Targeted overexpression of IGF-I by activated HSCs restricts their activation, attenuates fibrogenesis, and accelerates liver regeneration. These effects appear to be mediated in part by upregulation of HGF and downregulation of TGFbeta1. The data indicate that IGF-I can modulate the cytokine response to liver injury facilitating regeneration and reducing fibrosis.
Collapse
|
105
|
Barberán J, Giménez MJ, Aguilar L, Prieto J. [Scientific evidence and global conception of empirical treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in the community]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2004; 17:317-24. [PMID: 15696221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
|
106
|
Azanza JR, Barberán J, García-Rodríguez JA, Llinares P, Mensa J, Picazo J, Prieto J, Torre Cisneros J. [Recommendations for the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by Gram-positive microorganisms]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2004; 17:271-88. [PMID: 15619658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
|
107
|
Schmitz V, Wang L, Barajas M, Gomar C, Prieto J, Qian C. Treatment of colorectal and hepatocellular carcinomas by adenoviral mediated gene transfer of endostatin and angiostatin-like molecule in mice. Gut 2004; 53:561-7. [PMID: 15016752 PMCID: PMC1774006 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.019307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND METHOD In this study, we explored the responsiveness of different tumour entities (colorectal carcinoma (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)) to angiostatic antitumour treatment with two recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding angiostatin-like molecule (AdK1-3) and endostatin (Adendo). RESULTS AdK1-3 and Adendo exerted inhibitory biological functions on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. AdK1-3 inhibited significantly endothelial cell infiltration in vascular endothelial growth factor embedded Matrigel plugs in mice whereas Adendo showed only minor effects. Both AdK1-3 and Adendo induced similar antitumour effects in the LLC tumour model in immune competent C57BL/6 mice but AdK1-3 had stronger inhibitory effects in athymic mice. Furthermore, AdK1-3 inhibited tumour growth in a murine CRC and human HCC model but was ineffective in a human CRC model. In contrast, Adendo did not reduce tumour progress in either of these tumour models although AdK1-3 and Adendo effectively reduced intratumoral microvessel density in LLC tumours. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that angiostatic gene therapy may form a feasible strategy for the treatment of established hepatocellular carcinomas and that in vivo antitumour efficacy of angiostatic proteins is tumour specific.
Collapse
|
108
|
Calvo A, Amores R, Valero E, Fuentes F, Gómez-Lus ML, Prieto J. Activity of oral antibiotics against respiratory tract pathogens in Spain. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2003; 16:436-43. [PMID: 14961138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out a nationwide survey to assess the susceptibility of clinical isolates of four respiratory pathogens against nine antibiotics. Eight Spanish centers participated in the study, collecting a total of 977 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. The susceptibility of S. pneumoniae to penicillin was 37.46% susceptible, 30.43% intermediate and 32.11% resistant. MIC(90) of all antibiotics against this microorganism were 48 mg/l, except cefaclor, cefixime and azithromycin. For S. pyogenes, all the strains were susceptible to penicillins and cephalosporins, and azithromycin was the least active with a rate of resistance of 11.43%. A total of 95 isolates of H. influenzae were betalactamase positive (26.32%). With regard to M. catarrhalis, only penicillin and amoxicillin showed MICs(90) >=8 mg/l.
Collapse
|
109
|
Botas P, Delgado E, Castaño G, Díaz de Greñu C, Prieto J, Díaz-Cadórniga FJ. Comparison of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus, WHO-1985, ADA-1997 and WHO-1999 in the adult population of Asturias (Spain). Diabet Med 2003; 20:904-8. [PMID: 14632715 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with three diagnostic criteria (WHO-1985 and 1999 and ADA-1997), evaluate their concordance and analyse the sensitivity and specificity of the different screening strategies for diabetes. METHODS A cross-sectional population study with two-step sampling. One thousand and 34 people were selected randomly. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and venous blood samples were obtained fasting and at 2 h. RESULTS The prevalence of known Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) is 4%[95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8, 5.1]. By WHO-1985 criteria the prevalence of unknown DM-2 is 5.9% (4.5, 7.4); by ADA-1997 criteria 3.5% (2.5, 4.6) and by WHO-1999 criteria 7.3% (5.8, 8.8). Diagnostic overlap and statistical concordance (coefficient K) are WHO-1985/ADA-1997 29.3%, K=0.42; WHO-1985/WHO-1999 80%, K=0.88; ADA-1997/WHO-1999 48%, K=0.63. If only fasting glucose was used (following ADA-1997), 36.3% of those with diabetes (2-h glucose > or =11.1 mmol/l) would be diagnosed. If OGTT was performed (i) in those with a fasting glucose between 6.1 mmol/l and 6.9 mmol/l (9.8% of the population) we would diagnose 66.6%, and (ii) in all those between 5.7 mmol/l and 6.9 mmol/l (18.9% of the population) 81.8% would be diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS The ADA criteria decrease the prevalence of DM in the adult population of Asturias by 2.4% and concordance with the classical criteria (WHO-1985) was only 29.3%. Using fasting glucose only (ADA-1997) diagnoses 36.3% of those with diabetes. The recent recommendations of the WHO-1999 increases this to 66.6%. To improve the diagnostic strategy for diabetes and detect up to 81.8% of patients, we propose the use of OGTT for all those with a fasting glucose between 5.7 mmol/l and 6.9 mmol/l.
Collapse
|
110
|
Herrero JI, Quiroga J, Sangro B, Pardo F, Rotellar F, Cienfuegos JA, Prieto J. Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplant recipients with diabetes mellitus. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:1877-9. [PMID: 12962832 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a frequent metabolic complication in liver transplant recipients, may be produced by the diabetogenic effect of calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and metabolic effects of a gradual switch from cyclosporine or tacrolimus to mycophenolate mofetil among 12 diabetic liver transplant recipients. One patient was withdrawn from the study due to gastrointestinal side effects. Of the 11 remaining patients, cyclosporine or tacrolimus was completely withdrawn in five patients. Two patients developed suspected acute rejection episodes that were controlled by increasing the tacrolimus dosage. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C and C-peptide levels were significantly lower at 3 and 6 months after the initiation of mycophenolate mofetil (P<.03 in all cases). Furthermore, urea and uric acid levels were significantly reduced after the change of treatment. In conclusion, a switch from cyclosporine/tacrolimus to mycophenolate mofetil may produce beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic liver transplant recipients, but poses a risk of graft rejection.
Collapse
|
111
|
Piqué JM, Arroyo V, Planas R, Pérez-Mateo M, Prieto J. [Training of specialists in gastroenterology. Was it time for a review?]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2003; 26:427-36. [PMID: 12887858 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5705(03)70386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
112
|
Mazzolini G, Narvaiza I, Martinez-Cruz LA, Arina A, Barajas M, Galofré JC, Qian C, Mato JM, Prieto J, Melero I. Pancreatic cancer escape variants that evade immunogene therapy through loss of sensitivity to IFNgamma-induced apoptosis. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1067-78. [PMID: 12808437 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Combined injections into experimental tumor nodules of adenovirus encoding IL-12 and certain chemokines are capable to induce immune-mediated complete regressions. In this study, we found that the combination of two adenoviruses, one encoding IL-12 and other MIP3alpha (AdCMVIL-12+AdCMVMIP3alpha) was very successful in treating CT-26-derived colon carcinomas. However, in experimental tumors generated from the pancreatic carcinoma cell line Panc02 such combined treatment induces 50% of macroscopic complete regressions, although local relapses within 1 week are almost constant. We derived cell lines from such relapsing tumors and found that experimental malignancies derived from their inoculum were not amenable to treatment in any case with AdCMVIL-12+AdCMVMIP-3alpha. Importantly, relapsing cell lines were insensitive to in vitro induction of apoptosis by IFNgamma, in clear contrast with the original Panc02 cells. Comparative analyses by cDNA arrays of relapsing cell lines versus wild-type Panc02 were performed revealing an important number of genes (383) whose expression levels were modified more than two-fold. These changes grouped in certain gene ontology categories should harbor the mechanistic explanations of the acquired selective resistance to IFNgamma.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Chemokine CCL20
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Female
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interferon-gamma/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, CCR6
- Receptors, Chemokine
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transduction, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Escape/genetics
Collapse
|
113
|
Cenjor C, García-Rodríguez JA, Ramos A, Cervera J, Tomás M, Asensi F, Cañada JL, Gobernado M, Isasiá T, López-Madroñero C, Martínez M, Pérez-Escanilla F, Picazo J, Prieto J, Sampelayo T. [Patient consent to "antimicrobial treatment of tonsillitis"]. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2003; 54:369-83. [PMID: 12916480 PMCID: PMC7111178 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(03)78425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
114
|
Prieto J, Herraiz M, Sangro B, Qian C, Mazzolini G, Melero I, Ruiz J. The promise of gene therapy in gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Gut 2003; 52 Suppl 2:ii49-54. [PMID: 12651882 PMCID: PMC1867750 DOI: 10.1136/gut.52.suppl_2.ii49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy consists of the transfer of genetic material to cells to achieve a therapeutic goal. In the field of gastroenterology and hepatology gene therapy has produced considerable expectation as a potential tool in the management of conditions that lack effective therapy including non-resectable neoplasms of the liver, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, chronic viral hepatitis unresponsive to interferon therapy, liver cirrhosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
|
115
|
Calvo A, Giménez MJ, Alou L, Gómez-Lus ML, Aguilar L, Prieto J. Ex vivo serum activity (killing rates) after gemifloxacin 320 mg versus trovafloxacin 200 mg single doses against ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003; 20:144-6. [PMID: 12297365 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
116
|
Gomez-Lus ML, Giménez MJ, Vázquez JA, Aguilar L, Anta L, Berrón S, Laguna B, Prieto J. Opsonophagocytosis versus complement bactericidal killing as effectors following Neisseria meningitidis group C vaccination. Infection 2003; 31:51-4. [PMID: 12590334 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-002-3128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opsonophagocytosis and complement-mediated Neisseria meningitidis killing after vaccination were investigated. METHODS Twelve seronegative healthy volunteers received one dose of polysaccharide A/C vaccine and were followed for 3 years. Ex vivo serum killing rates with polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and/or complement were performed at 0, 1.5, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. RESULTS High mean total and median bactericidal antibodies were detected over time in all subjects. Considerable reduction of the initial inoculum was obtained only in the presence of complement, with or without PMN (with significant differences compared to curves without complement) a long time after vaccination. CONCLUSION PMN did not increase post-vaccination bacterial killing, suggesting that antibody complement-mediated killing, and not opsonophagocytosis, is the main immune effector of the vaccine protection against N. meningitidis.
Collapse
|
117
|
García MT, Llorente MT, Mínguez F, Prieto J. Post-antifungal effect and effects of sub-MIC concentrations on previously treated Candida spp.: influence of exposure time and concentration. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2002; 34:197-200. [PMID: 12030393 DOI: 10.1080/00365540110080340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the influence of exposure time and concentration on the post-antifungal effect (PAFE) and the effect of sub-MIC concentrations (1/4 x MIC) on Candida albicans and C. glabrata in the PAFE stage (PAFSE). This stage was induced by pretreatment for 1.5, 3 or 12 h with 1 x, 4 x or 8 x MIC of 4 antifungal agents fundamental to modern candidiasis therapy. The length of the 2 effects studied was dependent on the concentration of the antifungal agent applied during pretreatment, as well as on the exposure time. An increase in the dose and/or longer pretreatment prolonged the duration of the PAFE and PAFSE in both species and with all the antifungal agents. Significant PAFEs were always observed for amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine (0.8-13 h and 0.6-10.8 h, respectively). These values were increased (by 2.3-8.7 h and 1.5-7.8 h, respectively) by posterior exposure to 1/4 x MIC of the respective antifungal agent. Neither ketoconazole nor fluconazole were able to induce significant PAFEs, even with exposures of up to 12 h duration and a dose of 8 x MIC. However, treatment with 1/4 x MIC of each of the 2 azoles led to significant PAFSEs in both yeast species, of up to 6.5 h duration with ketoconazole and 1.7 h with fluconazole, if the concentrations and/or exposure times were sufficiently high.
Collapse
|
118
|
Prieto J, Calvo A, Gómez-Lus ML. Antimicrobial resistance: a class effect? J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 50 Suppl S2:7-12. [PMID: 12556428 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkf508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use has led to increased resistance to certain group markers: penicillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin for beta-lactams, macrolides and quinolones, respectively. The influence of resistance to markers in decreasing susceptibility to the drugs included (on the basis of chemical structure) in the corresponding antibiotic group can be defined as 'resistance class effect'. In the case of macrolides, this effect is dependent on the prevalent resistant phenotype among the isolates of the target bacteria: the class effect exists completely if the mechanism of resistance is constitutive MLS(B) (all macrolides are affected by resistance to erythromycin), and only partially if the mechanism is the efflux M phenotype (all but 16-membered macrolides are affected). In Spain, the first case is exemplified by Streptococcus pneumoniae and the second by Streptococcus pyogenes. For beta-lactams and quinolones, resistance to the group markers results in large decreases in the antimicrobial activity of the less potent members of the group, penicillin being a better driver of resistance for oral cephalosporins than for aminopenicillins, and ciprofloxacin being a better driver for older rather than for the newer quinolones, which have enhanced anti-pneumococcal activity. Empirical prescription guidelines based on the pharmacoepidemiology of resistance, recommending the use of potent drugs that are less influenced by resistance to the marker, may help to counter the spread of resistance in the community.
Collapse
|
119
|
Schmitz V, Wang L, Barajas M, Peng D, Prieto J, Qian C. A novel strategy for the generation of angiostatic kringle regions from a precursor derived from plasminogen. Gene Ther 2002; 9:1600-6. [PMID: 12424612 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2002] [Accepted: 05/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have explored the feasibility of generating angiostatin by incorporating an endoproteolytic furin cleavage site into plasminogen to allow conversion of the precursor molecule into an angiostatic active K1-3 fragment. We show that secretable angiostatin can be successfully generated from cells infected with adenovirus carrying the furin-mutated plasminogen (AdmuthPlgK3). Supernatant from cells transduced with AdmuthPlagK3 inhibits tube formation and proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with an efficiency similar to that of supernatant from cells infected with adenovirus expressing kringle 1-3 of plasminogen (AdK1-3). Administration of AdmuthPlgK3 and AdK1-3 in mice results in significantly decreased endothelial cell infiltration in VEGF-embedded Matrigel plugs. Treatment with AdmuthPlgK3 and AdK1-3 exerts strong antitumoral effect in models of hepatocellular carcinoma and Lewis lung cancer. This antitumor effect was associated with decreased microvessel density in the tumors. Taken together, our data demonstrate that angiostatin endowed with strong antiangiogenic and antitumor effects can be released from a furin-mutated plasminogen acting as a precursor. This strategy may have potential to develop angiostatic anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
120
|
García MT, Llorente MT, Mínguez F, Prieto J. Postantifungal effect and effects of sub-MIC concentrations on previously treated Candida sp. influence of growth phase. J Infect 2002; 45:263-7. [PMID: 12423615 DOI: 10.1053/jinf.2002.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the influence of growth phase on the postantifungal effect (PAFE) and on the effect of sub-MIC concentrations (1/4x MIC) on Candida sp. in PAFE stage (PAFSE). METHODS This stage was induced by pre-treatments of 1.5 h of C. albicans or C. glabrata in their exponential or stationary phase, with 1x, 4x or 8x MIC of four antifungal agents that are fundamental for modern candidiasis therapy. RESULTS Ketoconazole and fluconazole induced longer PAFSEs on microorganisms in logarithmic growth phase. However, this influence did not exist in the case of PAFSEs induced by AmB and 5-Fc or with the postantifungal effect induced by the four antifungal agents. In any way, significant PAFEs were always observed for Amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine (0.8-4.8 and 0.5-3 h, respectively, depending on the treatment dose). These values were increased (2.3-3.6 and 1.4-3.2 h respectively, depending on the pre-treatment dose) by posterior exposition to 1/4x MIC of the respective antifungal agent. In the case of ketoconazole and fluconazole, both antimycotics were not able to induce significant PAFEs, but posterior treatments to 1/4x MIC of each of the two azoles led in both yeast species to significant PAFSE of up to 2.6 h duration with ketoconazole, and 0.8 h with fluconazole, depending on the pre-treatment concentration. CONCLUSION The growth phase of microorganisms should be considered in the planning of dosage protocols with azoles, because if the concentration applied is not high enough, the sub-MIC effects could be no significant for fungi in stationary phase of large wounds. Amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine induced significant postantifungal effect onCandida sp. This effect was increased by posterior exposition to sub-MIC concentration of the antifungal agents. Ketoconazole and fuconazole were not able to induce significant PAFEs at the concentrations tested, but posterior treatments to sub-MIC concentrations led to significant PAFSE. The growth phase of the culture at the time of its pre-treatment did not influence the length of the PAFE induced in it. However, the effect of the sub-MIC concentrations of Kz or Flu in yeast in PAFE phase was greater on yeast in exponential phase than for cultures in stationary phase.
Collapse
|
121
|
Zaratiegui M, Castilla-Cortázar I, García M, Quiroga J, Prieto J, Novo FJ. IGF1 gene transfer into skeletal muscle using recombinant adeno-associated virus in a rat model of liver cirrhosis. J Physiol Biochem 2002; 58:169-76. [PMID: 12603011 DOI: 10.1007/bf03179854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of recombinant IGF1 at low levels has been shown to improve hepatic function, nutritional status and testicular atrophy in rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis. We have developed a recombinant adeno-associated (rAAV) viral vector containing the cDNA for rat IGF1 and confirmed the expression of IGF1 after intramuscular injection of this vector in a rat model of liver cirrhosis. Although weight of injected muscles was significantly increased in rats with mild cirrhosis, this was not the case in rats with advanced, de-compensated cirrhosis. Furthermore, we found no significant amelioration of liver damage in treated rats at any stage of liver cirrhosis. Our results suggest that IGF1 gene transfer into muscle results in a local effect, at least at the vector dose employed here.
Collapse
|
122
|
Abstract
The extraordinary versatility of gene therapy opens new possibilities for the treatment of incurable diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene therapy strategies against tumors include prodrug activation therapy by the transfer of suicide genes, immunogene therapy, tumoral cell phenotype correction by the inhibition of oncogenes or the transfer of tumor suppressor genes, antiangiogenesis and transfer of oncolytic viruses. The experience accumulated during the last decade of clinical gene therapy indicates that genes can be expressed inside the tumor tissue, but the overall results of the studies conducted so far are still disappointing, mainly due to the poor performance of the currently available gene therapy vectors. This review covers the general aspects of gene therapy vectors, preclinical data available in animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma, and finally a brief summary of the gene therapy clinical trials aimed at the treatment of liver cancer.
Collapse
|
123
|
Rodríguez-Ortigosa CM, Cincu RN, Sanz S, Ruiz F, Quiroga J, Prieto J. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on methionine adenosyltransferase activity and hepatic glutathione metabolism in rats. Gut 2002; 50:701-6. [PMID: 11950820 PMCID: PMC1773200 DOI: 10.1136/gut.50.5.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both bile salts and glutathione participate in the generation of canalicular bile flow. In this work, we have investigated the effect of different bile salts on hepatic glutathione metabolism. METHODS Using the isolated and perfused rat liver, we studied hepatic glutathione content, and metabolism and catabolism of this compound in livers perfused with taurocholate, ursodeoxycholate, or deoxycholate. RESULTS We found that in livers perfused with ursodeoxycholate, levels of glutathione and the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase (an enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis) were significantly higher than in livers perfused with other bile salts. In ursodeoxycholate perfused livers, methionine adenosyltransferase showed a predominant tetrameric conformation which is the isoform with highest activity at physiological concentrations of substrate. In contrast, the dimeric form prevailed in livers perfused with taurocholate or deoxycholate. The hepatic activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, enzymes involved, respectively, in biosynthetic and catabolic pathways of glutathione, were not modified by bile salts. CONCLUSIONS Ursodeoxycholate specifically enhanced methionine adenosyltransferase activity and hepatic glutathione levels. As glutathione is a defensive substance against oxidative cell damage, our observations provide an additional explanation for the known hepatoprotective effects of ursodeoxycholate.
Collapse
|
124
|
Casal J, Aguilar L, Jado I, Yuste J, Giménez MJ, Prieto J, Fenoll A. Effects of specific antibodies against Streptococcus pneumoniae on pharmacodynamic parameters of beta-lactams in a mouse sepsis model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:1340-4. [PMID: 11959566 PMCID: PMC127147 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.5.1340-1344.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2001] [Revised: 11/25/2001] [Accepted: 01/25/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A dose-ranging study to investigate the in vivo effects of the presence of specific antibodies on the efficacy of beta-lactam treatment of sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (non-beta-lactam-susceptible serotype 6B isolate) was performed with a BALB/c mouse model. Hyperimmune serum was obtained from mice immunized with the heat-inactivated strain. The rate of mortality was 100% in nontreated animals in the absence of specific antibodies. A single injection of a one-half or one-quarter dilution of hyperimmune serum produced 60 to 40% survival rates. In the absence of specific antibodies, the minimal effective doses of amoxicillin and cefotaxime that produced survival rates of 100 and 80% were 25 and 50 mg/kg of body weight (three times a day for up to six doses), respectively. These doses produced times that the levels in serum remained above the MIC (deltaT > MICs) approximately 30% of the dosing interval. When specific antibodies were present (by administration of a one-half or one-quarter dilution of hyperimmune serum), the minimal effective doses of the antibiotics were 3.12 and 6.25 mg/kg ( approximately 8 times lower), with the deltaT > MICs being approximately 3 and 5% of the dosing interval for amoxicillin and cefotaxime, respectively. This in vivo combined pharmacodynamic effect offers possibilities that can be used to address penicillin resistance.
Collapse
|
125
|
Anta ML, Giménez MJ, Alou L, Gómez-Lus ML, Laguna B, Aguilar L, Prieto J. Increase of in vitro amoxycillin bactericidal activity by clavulanic acid against Neisseria meningitis using time-kill curves. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002; 19:249-50. [PMID: 11932151 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|