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Ito H, Shiokawa H, Torii M, Suzuki T. Effects of tryptophane on SHRSP offspring growth. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION. PART A, THEORY AND PRACTICE 1991; 13:971-9. [PMID: 1773528 DOI: 10.3109/10641969109042103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of tryptophane on growth and hypertension of offspring obtained from mothers given L-tryptophane prior to mating: In the tryptophane group, body weights were heavier and blood pressures were higher than in the control group. Stroke lesion incidence rates were also much higher in the tryptophane group. At 20 weeks of age, brain enzyme activities were lower and serotonin content was higher in the tryptophane group in comparison with the control. These results suggest that dietary tryptophane may affect precocious maturation and as well as affect elevation in blood pressures due to brain serotonin turnover.
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102
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Kawai K, Yamamoto H, Torii M, Tsuchitani Y. Factors affecting the amount of fluoride ion release from fluoride releasing resin. THE JOURNAL OF OSAKA UNIVERSITY DENTAL SCHOOL 1990; 30:78-85. [PMID: 2130175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of factors affecting fluoride-ion release from a newly developed fluoride releasing resin (F-resin) under various conditions. Both higher temperature and longer immersion times resulted in a greater amount of fluoride ion released from this material, whereas thermal cycling did not accelerate the fluoride release. It was also found that the amount of released fluoride ion increased with increase in pH. The experiments performed also demonstrated that the fluoride release rate was reduced by polishing or heating the test disc of F-resin. Although the amount of released fluoride ion varied with each experimental conditions employed, a fluoride ion release was always observed under all experimental conditions.
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103
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Torii Y, Iwami Y, Kato R, Imazato S, Torii M, Tsuchitani Y. Bonding ability of light cured composite resin to enamel and dentin promoted by various bonding systems--microleakage and bond strength studies. THE JOURNAL OF OSAKA UNIVERSITY DENTAL SCHOOL 1990; 30:72-7. [PMID: 2151822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate bond strength between light cured composite resin and enamel or dentin, and marginal sealing ability of composite resin promoted by five commercial bonding systems. At first, tensile bond strength between light cured composite resin and enamel or dentin promoted by these bonding systems were measured. Next, class V cavities were prepared at cementoenamel junction of extracted human molars and filled with light cured composite resin, using the same bonding systems. Microleakage around the restoration was estimated by dye penetration test. All bonding systems presented high bond strength and good marginal sealing between composite resin and enamel. The bonding systems which presented high bond strength between composite resin and enamel or dentin inhibited microleakage around restoration effectively. However, no bonding system could inhibit microleakage completely at the cementum/dentin-composite resin interface.
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104
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Adams JH, Hudson DE, Torii M, Ward GE, Wellems TE, Aikawa M, Miller LH. The Duffy receptor family of Plasmodium knowlesi is located within the micronemes of invasive malaria merozoites. Cell 1990; 63:141-53. [PMID: 2170017 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90295-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi merozoites invade human erythrocytes that express Duffy blood group surface determinants. A soluble parasite protein of 135 kd binds specifically to a human Duffy antigen. Using antisera affinity purified on the 135 kd protein, we cloned a gene that encodes a member of a P. knowlesi family of erythrocyte binding proteins. The gene is a member of a family that includes three homologous genes located on separate chromosomes. Two genes are expressed as major membrane-bound products that give rise to soluble erythrocyte binding proteins: the 135 kd Duffy binding protein and a 138 kd protein that binds only rhesus erythrocytes. These different erythrocyte binding specificities may result from sequence divergence of the homologous genes. The Duffy receptor family is localized in micronemes, an organelle found in all organisms of the phylum Apicomplexa.
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105
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Aikawa M, Torii M, Sjölander A, Berzins K, Perlmann P, Miller LH. Pf155/RESA antigen is localized in dense granules of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. Exp Parasitol 1990; 71:326-9. [PMID: 2209790 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(90)90037-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated the presence of Pf155/RESA in dense granules of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites rather than in micronemes as previously suggested. Since the dense granules are released after the merozoite enters the parasitophorous vacuole, the role of Pf155/RESA in invasion and subsequent steps of parasite development may differ from that of a molecule located in the micronemes.
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106
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Torii M, Ito H. Some enzyme characteristics of spontaneously hypertensive rats myocardium. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 1990; 54:688-94. [PMID: 2232122 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.54.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to ascertain the pathogenesis of myocardial cell vulnerability in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), several enzyme activities were examined by using subcellular fractions of myocardium and compared to those in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In the normotensive WKY heart, both 5'-nucleotidase and Na+/K(+)-ATPase, which are plasma membrane associated enzymes, increased with age. But in the SHR heart, both enzymes were lower at 16 weeks than they were at 10 weeks of age. Moreover, at 16 weeks of age they were lower in SHR than in WKY. On the other hand, NADP(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, a mitochondria associated enzyme, was higher in SHR than in WKY at 6 weeks, but lower at 10 and again at 16 weeks of age. The activities of both acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, which are lysosomal enzymes, decreased with age in SHR but not in WKY. These results suggest that an enzymatic alteration in the plasma membrane and mitochondria may be one of important factors behind myocardial vulnerability in the SHR heart.
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107
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Luzzi GA, Torii M, Aikawa M, Pasvol G. Unrestricted growth of Plasmodium falciparum in microcytic erythrocytes in iron deficiency and thalassaemia. Br J Haematol 1990; 74:519-24. [PMID: 2189491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1990.tb06344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism(s) underlying the apparent resistance to malaria in certain inherited red cell disorders and iron deficiency anaemia remain poorly understood. The possibility that microcytic erythrocytes might inhibit parasite development, by physical restriction or reduced supply of nutrients, has been considered for many years, and never formally investigated. We sought to determine whether in vitro growth studies of P. falciparum could provide evidence to suggest that small red cell size contributes to malaria resistance in those red cell disorders in which microcytosis is a characteristic feature. Invasion and development of P. falciparum in iron deficient red cells (mean values for mean cell volume [MCV] 66 fl, mean cell haemoglobin [MCH] 19 pg) and in the red cells of two gene deletion forms of alpha-thalassaemia (mean MCV 71 fl, MCH 22 pg) were normal, assessed both morphologically, and by 3H-hypoxanthine incorporation. Although parasite appearances were normal in all cell types, morphological abnormalities were noted in iron deficient and thalassaemic cells parasitized by mature stages of P. falciparum, notably cellular ballooning and extreme hypochromia of the red cell cytoplasm. Using electron microscopy, the red cell cytoplasm in parasitized thalassaemic cells showed reduced electron density and abnormal reticulation. Normal invasion rates were observed following schizogony in microcytic cells of both types. Our findings indicate that whilst minor morphological abnormalities may be detected in parasitized iron deficiency and thalassaemic erythrocytes, development of P. falciparum in these conditions is not limited by small erythrocyte size.
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108
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Monodane T, Tokunaga M, Torii M. Cell surface of a tetrads-forming mutant of Micrococcus luteus: chemical treatment of the cells and teichuronic acids on the surface. Microbiol Immunol 1990; 34:65-72. [PMID: 2325580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1990.tb00992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tetrads-forming mutant MT cells of Micrococcus luteus, both treated with chemical reagents and non-treated, were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The agglutinability of the cells with antiserum containing anti-teichuronic acid antibody was examined. The binding of protein A-gold particles to the cells, mediated with the antiserum, was also observed with SEM. A tetrad surface, not surface of each of four "unit monococci" constituting a tetrad, consisted of two or three smooth areas with borders. The difference in the surface features between M. luteus wild-type IFO 3333 (Monodane et al, Microbiol. Immunol. 33: 165-174, 1989) and the mutant MT cells is discussed.
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109
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Kawai K, Torii M, Tsuchitani Y. Effect of several resin monomers on water insoluble glucan formation by glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus sobrinus. THE JOURNAL OF OSAKA UNIVERSITY DENTAL SCHOOL 1989; 29:65-71. [PMID: 2535160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cause or mechanism by which more plaque tend to accumulate on composite resins than on any other restorative materials has yet to be sufficiently explained. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible mechanism by clarifying the effects of several monomers on the glucosyltransferase activity from Streptococcus sobrinus. The following results were obtained. In the individual resin monomers, di-, tri- and tetra-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2G, 3G and 4G), Bis-GMA and UDMA showed a stimulatory tendency of water insoluble glucan (WIG) formation. However, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (IG), polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (9G and 14G), and MMA diminished the synthesis of water soluble glucan as the concentration of monomers was increased. In addition, the eluate from experimental resin consisted of IG and Bis-GMA decreased the production of WIG when compared to that from 3G and Bis-GMA based resin. These results indicated that it was possible to develop a composite resin which inhibits plaque accumulation by using some antienzymatic monomers.
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110
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Kawai K, Torii M, Tsuchitani Y. [Inhibition of water insoluble glucan formation by eluate from amalgams]. SHIKA ZAIRYO, KIKAI = JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR DENTAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES 1989; 8:890-5. [PMID: 2535158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the eluate from amalgam on glucan synthesis was investigated in this study in order to elucidate the mechanisms by which plaque accumulation is inhibited on amalgam but not on enamel or composite. Glucosyltransferase (GTase) was prepared from a cultured supernatant of Streptococcus mutans B 13 by the ammonium sulfate precipitation method. Five commercial amalgams were tested. The eluate from amalgams was prepared by immersing the amalgam discs (10 mm dia. x2 mm thick.) into distilled water for 2 weeks. A glucan synthesizing system was compounded using GTase (50 microliters), [14C]-sucrose (100 microliters), distilled water, and the eluate (350 microliters). After 18 h incubation at 37 degrees C, the formed water insoluble glucan was collected on glass fiber filters and its radioactivity was counted. Moreover, concentrations of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in the eluates were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The eluates from Dispersalloy and Fluor alloy, which eluted Zn, were the most inhibitory for glucan synthesis. Sybraloy, which released Cu to a much greater degree than the other amalgams and its eluate showed intermediate antienzymatic activity. The other amalgams, Hi-atomic M and Spherical-D, did not effect GTase at all. The results indicated that various amalgams strongly impact inhibition rates of glucan formation.
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111
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Torii M, Adams JH, Miller LH, Aikawa M. Release of merozoite dense granules during erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium knowlesi. Infect Immun 1989; 57:3230-3. [PMID: 2777381 PMCID: PMC260795 DOI: 10.1128/iai.57.10.3230-3233.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We used immunoelectron microscopy to study the fate of dense granules during the invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium knowlesi merozoites. When merozoites entered host cells, dense granules moved to the pellicle, released their contents into the parasitophorous vacuole space, and then moved into fingerlike channels of the vacuole membrane. This is the first report showing that the content of dense granules of P. knowlesi is different from the contents of rhoptries and micronemes and is associated with the formation of channels from the parasitophorous vacuole.
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112
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Koshikawa T, Yamazaki M, Yoshimi M, Ogawa S, Yamada A, Watabe K, Torii M. Surface hydrophobicity of spores of Bacillus spp. JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 1989; 135:2717-22. [PMID: 2517297 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-135-10-2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The surface hydrophobicity of 12 strains of Bacillus spp. was examined in a hexadecane-aqueous partition system. Mature and germinated spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 transferred to the hexadecane layer, while vegetative and sporulating cells did not. Wild-type spores were more hydrophobic than spores of an exosporium-deficient mutant of B. megaterium QM B1551, although the mutant spores were shown to be hydrophobic to some extent by using increased volumes of hexadecane. This result suggests that the exosporium is more hydrophobic than the spore coat and that the surface hydrophobicity of spores depends mainly on components of the exosporium. The surface hydrophobicity of spores of nine other species of Bacillus was also examined, and spores having an exosporium were more hydrophobic than those lacking an exosporium. Thus measurement of the hydrophobicity of spores by the hexadecane partition method may provide a simple and rapid preliminary means of determining the presence or absence of an exosporium.
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113
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Udomsangpetch R, Wåhlin B, Carlson J, Berzins K, Torii M, Aikawa M, Perlmann P, Wahlgren M. Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes form spontaneous erythrocyte rosettes. J Exp Med 1989; 169:1835-40. [PMID: 2654325 PMCID: PMC2189314 DOI: 10.1084/jem.169.5.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes infected with trophozoites or schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum bind uninfected erythrocytes, leading to rosette formation. Both established laboratory strains and fresh isolates from patients form such rosettes, but at widely different frequencies. IgG preparations from the serum of some P. falciparum-immune donors and heparin inhibited rosette formation. The results indicate that cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to endothelial cells and rosetting represent distinct genetic traits.
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114
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Monodane T, Kusamichi M, Tokunaga M, Torii M. Cell surface of Micrococcus luteus: chemical treatment of the cells and teichuronic acids on the surface. Microbiol Immunol 1989; 33:165-74. [PMID: 2725345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1989.tb01510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Micrococcus luteus IFO 3333 cells, both treated with chemical reagents and non-treated, were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The agglutinability of the cells with antiserum containing anti-teichuronic acid antibody was examined. The binding of protein A-gold particles to the cells, mediated with the antiserum, was also observed with SEM. The surface of a M. luteus cell consisted of two or three areas with borders--the rough and the smooth areas, or the rough, the slightly rough, and the smooth areas; fluffy materials were clearly seen in the rough area. Gold particles were observed uniformly and densely on the whole cell surface. However, either mild acid treatment or mild Smith degradation of the cells altered the fluffy rough area to a rough one, and extremely decreased the agglutinability and the binding of protein A-gold particles. Teichuronic acids appeared to be distributed uniformly on the whole cell surface of M. luteus IFO 3333.
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115
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Torii M, Matsumoto Y, Kamboj KK, Maracic M, Guo SQ, Nussenzweig RS, Aikawa M, Cochrane AH. Association of microneme antigens of Plasmodium brasilianum merozoites with knobs and other parasite-induced structures in host erythrocytes. Infect Immun 1989; 57:596-601. [PMID: 2643577 PMCID: PMC313138 DOI: 10.1128/iai.57.2.596-601.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The localization of Plasmodium brasilianum antigens, common to merozoite micronemes and parasite-induced structures in the host erythrocyte, was determined by means of immunogold electron microscopy and monoclonal antibodies directed against blood stages of this parasite. All monoclonal antibodies reacted with micronemes. In addition, some reacted with either knob protrusions or caveolae of the host erythrocyte membrane; one reacted with a parasite-derived antigen present in the erythrocyte cytoplasm. Gold particles appeared over the membranes of ring-infected cells before the appearance of knobs and caveolae. We hypothesize that at least some knob- and caveolae-associated antigens of P. brasilianum are inserted into the erythrocyte membrane at the time of merozoite invasion.
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116
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Kawai K, Torii M, Tuschitani Y. Measurement of water solubility of resin components by means of high performance liquid chromatography. THE JOURNAL OF OSAKA UNIVERSITY DENTAL SCHOOL 1988; 28:153-60. [PMID: 3269404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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117
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Yamasaki M, Torii M, Yamamoto S, Sasaki T. [Nomogram for predicting energy expenditure during treadmill walking]. THE ANNALS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY = SEIRI JINRUIGAKU KENKYUKAI KAISHI 1988; 7:207-13. [PMID: 3267254 DOI: 10.2114/ahs1983.7.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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118
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Watabe K, Maekawa K, Yamada A, Koshikawa T, Ogawa S, Torii M. [Analysis for bacterial spore-specific dipicolinic acid by high-pressure liquid chromatography]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1988; 43:927-30. [PMID: 3246709 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.43.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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119
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Kawai K, Torii M, Tsuchitani Y. [Effect of several resin monomers on glucosyltransferase activity of Streptococcus mutans]. SHIKA ZAIRYO, KIKAI = JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR DENTAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES 1988; 7:834-40. [PMID: 2978760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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120
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Ogawa S, Koshikawa T, Watabe K, Yamazoe M, Torii M, Sakato N, Azuma T, Fujio H. Monoclonal antibodies to O4 antigen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microbiol Immunol 1988; 32:211-20. [PMID: 2453784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1988.tb01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Four monoclonal antibodies were prepared against O4 antigen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. All the antibodies were shown to be specific for O4 antigen by agglutination with heat-killed O-cells of the organism and precipitation with LPS preparations. The inhibition experiments of the precipitations with various sugars and oligosaccharides suggested that the combining sites of these hybridoma antibodies were directed to an antigenic determinant structure containing----3 and----6 linked D-glucose, D-galactose, and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.
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121
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Hirai K, Tsuboi T, Torii M. Effect of infection with Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid on thyroid hormone in mice. Parasitol Res 1988; 74:262-6. [PMID: 3129717 DOI: 10.1007/bf00539575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Young, male ICR mice were given tap water or distilled water containing 200 mg/l propylthiouracil (PTU) and were then infected with 10 plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei to investigate the effect of plerocercoid infection on thyroid hormone in their hosts. Plerocercoid infection stimulated growth in PTU-induced hypothyroid mice as if they had never received PTU treatment: there were increases in weight in the liver, skeletal muscle, and spleen, as well as enhancement of the head and body length, in spite of a greater decrease in serum T4 levels than was observed in PTU-treated controls. Furthermore, the intact mice infected with plerocercoids showed a decrease in serum T4 levels as well as in the concentration of T4-binding globulin. These observations suggest that the growth stimulation and the decrease in concentrations of serum T4 and T4-binding globulin associated with plerocercoid infection in mice probably resulted from secretion of a growth hormone-like substance produced by plerocercoids of S. erinacei.
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122
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Yamane Y, Bylund G, Abe K, Osaki Y, Hirai K, Torii M. X-ray microanalysis of calcareous corpuscles and trace element content in diphyllobothriid cestodes. Parasitol Res 1988; 74:498-500. [PMID: 3413046 DOI: 10.1007/bf00535154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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123
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Kimura S, Kiyono H, Beagley KW, Torii M, Eldridge JH, Hamada S, Michalek SM, Koopman WJ, McGhee JR. Streptococcal serotype carbohydrate represents a novel class of type 2 antigen which is T-independent. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1987. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.138.12.4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Our studies reported here, fully characterize two unique type 2 antigens trinitrophenol (TNP)-M1 serotype carbohydrates (TNP-M1 g and TNP-M1 c) derived from streptococci, which fail to induce antibody responses in xid or neonatal mouse splenic cultures. These antigens generate brisk responses in normal spleen and Peyer's patch cell cultures of xid mice, all of which suggest that responses are elicited in the Lyb-3+, 5+ B subpopulation. The antibody responses to TNP-M1 g (and TNP-M1 c) are not dependent upon T cells. Furthermore, TNP-M1 carbohydrates induce anti-TNP plaque-forming (PFC) responses in cultures of small, resting splenic B cell populations without an added T cell requirement. Thus two categories of type 2 antigens are distinguished, one which requires T cells or derived factors, e.g., TNP-Ficoll, and a second TNP-carbohydrate antigen TNP-M1 that does not. Studies of the mitogenic and polyclonal B cell activation properties of M1 carbohydrates indicated that B cell proliferation is induced in both xid (Lyb-3-, 5-) and normal (Lyb-3-, 5- and Lyb-3+, 5+) splenic B cell subpopulations, but that differentiation to IgM synthesis fails to occur in the Lyb-3-, 5- B cell subpopulation. Thus M1 carbohydrates are unique probes that allow the selective induction of proliferation and differentiation of mature B cells that are presumably Lyb-3+, 5+. Because the M1 serotype carbohydrates induce polyclonal IgM synthesis and antigen-specific responses in only the mature B cell population in the absence of T cells, whereas TNP-Ficoll and other type 2 antigens require T cells or their derived factors, the Lyb-3+, 5+ B cell subpopulation may consist of a T cell-dependent and a T cell-independent compartment for responses to different carbohydrate type 2 antigens.
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Kimura S, Kiyono H, Beagley KW, Torii M, Eldridge JH, Hamada S, Michalek SM, Koopman WJ, McGhee JR. Streptococcal serotype carbohydrate represents a novel class of type 2 antigen which is T-independent. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1987; 138:4387-94. [PMID: 3495591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our studies reported here, fully characterize two unique type 2 antigens trinitrophenol (TNP)-M1 serotype carbohydrates (TNP-M1 g and TNP-M1 c) derived from streptococci, which fail to induce antibody responses in xid or neonatal mouse splenic cultures. These antigens generate brisk responses in normal spleen and Peyer's patch cell cultures of xid mice, all of which suggest that responses are elicited in the Lyb-3+, 5+ B subpopulation. The antibody responses to TNP-M1 g (and TNP-M1 c) are not dependent upon T cells. Furthermore, TNP-M1 carbohydrates induce anti-TNP plaque-forming (PFC) responses in cultures of small, resting splenic B cell populations without an added T cell requirement. Thus two categories of type 2 antigens are distinguished, one which requires T cells or derived factors, e.g., TNP-Ficoll, and a second TNP-carbohydrate antigen TNP-M1 that does not. Studies of the mitogenic and polyclonal B cell activation properties of M1 carbohydrates indicated that B cell proliferation is induced in both xid (Lyb-3-, 5-) and normal (Lyb-3-, 5- and Lyb-3+, 5+) splenic B cell subpopulations, but that differentiation to IgM synthesis fails to occur in the Lyb-3-, 5- B cell subpopulation. Thus M1 carbohydrates are unique probes that allow the selective induction of proliferation and differentiation of mature B cells that are presumably Lyb-3+, 5+. Because the M1 serotype carbohydrates induce polyclonal IgM synthesis and antigen-specific responses in only the mature B cell population in the absence of T cells, whereas TNP-Ficoll and other type 2 antigens require T cells or their derived factors, the Lyb-3+, 5+ B cell subpopulation may consist of a T cell-dependent and a T cell-independent compartment for responses to different carbohydrate type 2 antigens.
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125
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Watabe K, Koshikawa T, Yamazoe M, Ogawa S, Torii M. Isolation and characterization of forespores from Bacillus megaterium. Microbiol Immunol 1987; 31:101-11. [PMID: 3110565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1987.tb03073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A procedure for isolation of intact forespores from sporulating Bacillus megaterium cells was developed. The cells were digested with lysozyme and made to release free forespores from the protoplasts by disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane with sonication in phosphate buffer containing 10% glycerol. The suitability of the procedure was confirmed by recovery of dipicolinic acid in the isolated forespores and an electron microscopic observation. The fine structure of the forespores prepared at 6 hr (t6) after initiation of sporulation was similar to that of mature spores, except that the cortex layer and primordial cell wall were thinner and the core was larger. The density, determined by density gradient centrifugation, of the forespores isolated at t6, t10, t12, and mature spores was estimated to be 1.2783, 1.2875, 1.2861, and 1.2858, respectively. The isolated forespores at t6 and t8 were extremely heat labile (D80 of 9.5 and 21.5 min, respectively) relative to mature spores (D80 of 277.8 min). These forespores were also less resistant to organic solvents. Germination of the forespores as well as mature spores was induced by KNO3, D-glucose, and L-leucine. Forespores at t6 were more sensitive to KNO3-induced germination than those at t10, t12, and mature spores when measured by reduction in the optical density of cell suspension.
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