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Prakash BS, Sarkar M, Mondal M. An Update on Reproduction in Yak and Mithun. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43 Suppl 2:217-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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102
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Sarkar M, Sengupta DH, Bora BD, Rajkhoa J, Bora S, Bandopadhaya S, Ghosh M, Ahmed FA, Saikia P, Mohan K, Prakash BS. Efficacy of Heatsynch protocol for induction of estrus, synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination in yaks (Poephagus grunniens L.). Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 104:299-305. [PMID: 17383122 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of induction of estrus, synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination in anestrous yaks using the Heatsynch protocol. In Experiment 1, 10 anestrous yaks were administered an analogue of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) followed by prostaglandin (PG)F2alpha 7 days later and then estradiol cyponate (ECP) 24 h after that. Ovulation was detected by rectal palpation at 2h intervals beginning at the initial signs of estrus. Blood samples were collected at 2h intervals beginning at the time of ECP injection up to 2h after the occurrence of ovulation for the determination of LH and progesterone. All the animals responded to the Heatsynch protocol with expression of estrus and synchronization of ovulation. The mean time interval from the ECP injection to ovulation was 59.4+/-2.62 h (range 50-72 h). The interval from the LH peak to ovulation was 30.2+/-2.3 h. The high degree of synchrony in ovulation could be attributed to the synchrony in the timing of LH peaks. In Experiment 2, 10 anestrous yaks were treated with the Heatsynch protocol (as in Experiment 1) and TAI was performed at 48 and 60 h after the ECP treatment. Concurrently, 16 cycling yaks were inseminated approximately 12 h after detection of spontaneous estrus. Pregnancy rates were similar in both groups, 40% for TAI and 43.75% for yaks inseminated following spontaneous estrus (p>0.05). From this study, two conclusions can be drawn. First, the Heatsynch protocol can be successfully used to induce and synchronize estrus in anestrous yaks and, second, ovulation following the Heatsynch protocol is synchronized adequately to permit the use of fixed time AI in this species.
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Sarkar M, Sarkar AR, Goswami JL. Mathematical modeling for the evaluation of zinc removal efficiency on clay sorbent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 149:666-74. [PMID: 17532561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption characteristics of zinc ion from aqueous solution on the lateritic clay were investigated through batch and column mode of operation. The system variables were optimized to evaluate the maximum extent of zinc adsorption as well as for the purpose of modeling. A model equation correlating zinc adsorption with input concentration was described. The adsorption behavior can well be described by Freundlich isotherm model rather than Langmuir isotherm model. The favorable and spontaneous nature of adsorption was indicated from the thermodynamical parameters. The capacity was determined from isotherm parameters in batch mode and breakthrough parameters in column mode. The bed depth service time (BDST) model was utilized to predict column efficiency corresponding to different bed heights. Elution performance of retained zinc, using HNO(3) of definite composition, was examined from elution profile. Efficiency of the process was determined through repetitive operation cycles of retention and elution. Effectiveness of the process was judged through estimation of efficiency versus the cost of operation.
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104
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Sarkar M, Das BC, Bora BD, Kumar V, Mohan K, Meyer HHD, Prakash BS. Application of sensitive enzymeimmunoassay for determination of cortisol in blood plasma of yaks (Poephagus grunniens L.). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2007; 154:85-90. [PMID: 17655848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative to radioimmunoassays, a simple, highly sensitive and quick enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for determination of cortisol in blood plasma of yaks on microtiterplates using second antibody coating technique and cortisol-horseradish peroxidase as a label has been developed. The wells of the microtiterplate were coated with affinity-purified goat IgG (antirabbit IgG) that binds the hormone specific antibody. The EIA was carried out directly in 20 microl of heat treated plasma after 1:5 dilution with PBS. The cortisol standard curve, with doses ranged from 0.4 to 100 pg/well. The sensitivity of the assay was 20 pg/ml. Cortisol standard curve in buffer showed parallelism with serially diluted yak plasma containing high endogenous cortisol. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) determined using pooled plasma was found 6.58 and 11.35%, respectively. Recovery of known concentrations of added cortisol in charcoal stripped plasma was linear (r = 0.98). For biological validation of cortisol enzymeimmunoassay, the blood samples were collected from yak cows at -48 and -24h before and 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 h after dexamethasone administration. The plasma cortisol before dexamethasone administration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than after dexamethasone administration. The developed EIA was further validated biologically by estimating cortisol in peri-parturient cows beginning day 10 prior to calving till day 10 post-calving; the concentrations were along with the expected lines as reported in bovine. In conclusion, the EIA developed in this study is simple, highly sensitive, valid and sufficiently reliable method for estimation of cortisol directly in bovine plasma.
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105
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Gupta D, Chatterjee JM, Ghosh R, Mitra AK, Roy S, Sarkar M. Elemental uptake of radish grown near a Municipal Solid Waste dumping site by EDXRF. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-1127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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106
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Bandyopadh S, Varshney J, Hoque M, Sarkar M, Ghosh M. Prevalence of Cholecystic Diseases in Dogs: An Ultrasonographic Evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2007.234.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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107
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Gupta D, Chatterjee JM, Ghosh R, Mitra AK, Roy S, Sarkar M. EDXRF analysis of municipal solid waste using 109Cd source. Appl Radiat Isot 2007; 65:512-6. [PMID: 17261366 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Elemental compositions of municipal solid waste (MSW) samples have been analyzed using the non-destructive energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. The samples were collected from three different dumping sites of urban and suburban areas of the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The EDXRF spectrometer consisted of a (109)Cd radioactive source and a Si (Li) detector. To check the reliability of the system, NIST Standard Reference Material-1648 UPM had been analyzed and it was found that within the experimental errors, our results agree quite well with the certified and non-certified values. The elemental compositions of all the three MSW samples were subsequently estimated using the same procedure. The matrix effects were estimated following the emission-transmission method. It was observed that except Fe, all the elements from Ti to Pb show concentration levels higher by a factor of 2-7 than the ecological screening values where as in the case of Fe, this factor varies from 100 to 200.
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Bavdekar SB, Gogtay NJ, Muzumdar D, Vaideeswar P, Salvi V, Sarkar M. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine: The path ahead. J Postgrad Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.33852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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109
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Patra A, Hebalkar N, Sreedhar B, Sarkar M, Samanta A, Radhakrishnan TP. Tuning the size and optical properties in molecular nano/microcrystals: manifestation of hierarchical interactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2006; 2:650-9. [PMID: 17193103 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200500385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, dipolar and van der Waals, occurring in molecular crystals cover a range of magnitudes. As the crystal evolves from a relatively softer state in the nanoscopic size regime to a harder one in the microcrystalline and bulk solid state, the impact of the hierarchy of intermolecular interactions can be expected to emerge in a progressive fashion. The strongest interactions alone would be manifested at small sizes; as the crystal grows, the effect of the weaker ones will be added on, with the bulk crystals exhibiting the cumulative impact of the different interactions. We demonstrate this phenomenon through investigations of the solution, colloid, and solid state of a novel zwitterionic molecule based on the diaminodicyanoquinodimethane framework. A reprecipitation-digestion protocol is developed for the fabrication of nano/microcrystals of varying sizes. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations reveal tuning of the size and optical properties of this material. The optical absorption of the colloidal particles evolves with size towards that of the bulk solid, the emission showing a steady enhancement of intensity. Crystallographic investigations coupled with semiempirical computations provide a viable model to describe the range of observations in terms of the gradual accumulation of hierarchical intermolecular interactions.
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111
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Sarkar M, Meyer HHD, Prakash BS. Is the yak (Poephagus grunniens L.) really a seasonal breeder? Theriogenology 2006; 65:721-30. [PMID: 16084578 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2004] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Yaks are considered to be seasonally polyestrous and breeding occurs from July to November. Here we show that some yaks in peak non-breeding season do exhibit cyclic luteal activity without exhibiting any behavioral signs around expected estrus. A total of eight non-lactating yaks were selected from the Yak Farm belonging to National Research Centre on Yak for various sets of experiments. The animals were maintained as per semi range system of management. They were allowed to graze during daytime and fed concentrate mixture @2 kg/animal/day as per standard farm practices of the center. Blood samples were collected on alternate days for 30 days by jugular venipuncture from the yaks during peak breeding season (July to November) and from the same yaks in non-breeding season (February to March). The plasma samples were analysed for progesterone and estradiol-17beta by RIA and EIA procedures, respectively. During breeding season, the mean plasma progesterone at estrus was basal (<or=0.2 ng/ml) and there after started to increase and reached a peak at days 15-16 of the cycle and then declined rapidly to basal levels at estrus. Mean plasma estradiol-17beta concentrations were high at estrus and then declined to basal level at days 2-3 of the cycle. The mean plasma estradiol-17beta concentrations stayed low for the remaining part of the estrous cycle except for a small elevation, which was exhibited between days 6 and 12 of the cycle. During non-breeding season, in 50% of the animal studied, plasma progesterone and estradiol-17beta levels were at basal level. However, in the remaining animals distinct luteal activity was recorded in terms of plasma progesterone profile. High concentrations of progesterone were maintained in one animal, which suggested existence of cystic corpus luteum. The trend of progesterone and estradiol-17beta profiles in other three animals indicated that they could be cycling although they did not exhibit estrus symptoms. It was concluded from the present study that with improved nutritional support some yaks exhibit estrous cyclicity even during the non-breeding period of the year.
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112
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Sarkar M, Prakash BS. Application of sensitive enzymeimmunoassays for oxytocin and prolactin determination in blood plasma of yaks (Poephagus grunniens L.) during milk let down and cyclicity. Theriogenology 2006; 65:499-516. [PMID: 16045973 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2004] [Revised: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and specific enzymeimmunoassays for oxytocin and prolactin determination in yak plasma using the biotin-streptavidin amplification system and the second antibody coating technique were validated and applied for determining their profiles during milk let down and cyclicity in yaks. Oxytocin EIA was conducted taking duplicate 200 microl of unknown plasma samples and standards per well. The lowest detection limit was 0.2 pg/well, which corresponded to 1pg/ml plasma. Prolactin EIA was carried out directly in 50 microl of yak plasma. The sensitivity of EIA procedure was 5 pg/well prolactin, which corresponded to 0.1 ng/ml plasma. Mean plasma prolactin concentrations although high at estrus were not statistically different (P > 0.05) from the hormone concentrations on other days. Mean plasma prolactin concentrations during non-breeding season were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that recorded in breeding season. Oxytocin and prolactin profiles were also obtained in two yaks before, during and after milking. A sharp release of oxytocin and prolactin shortly after udder stimulation was observed. High levels of oxytocin and prolactin were maintained during milking, falling sharply thereafter.
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113
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Prakash B, Sarkar M, Paul V, Mishra D, Mishra A, Meyer H. Postpartum endocrinology and prospects for fertility improvement in the lactating riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and yak (Poephagus grunniens L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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114
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Santra S, Mandal A, Mitra D, Sarkar M, Bhattacharya D. Measurement of the K to L shell vacancy transfer probabilities for Mo, Pd and Cd in photon impact. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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115
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Chiang MYM, Sarkar M, Koppens JM, Milles J, Shah P. Exogenous Cushing's syndrome and topical ocular steroids. Eye (Lond) 2005; 20:725-7. [PMID: 16294208 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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116
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Sarkar M, Prakash BS. Circadian variations in plasma concentrations of melatonin and prolactin during breeding and non-breeding seasons in yak (Poephagus grunniens L.). Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 90:149-62. [PMID: 16257604 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Circadian variations of plasma melatonin and prolactin concentrations were determined during breeding as well as non-breeding seasons in yak. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected during different phases of estrous cycle, viz. early (0-6 days), mid (7-12 days) and late luteal (13-19 days) at 2 h interval for 24 h from eight yaks during one breeding month (November); the same yaks were bled at 2 h interval during one non-breeding month (February) for 24 h. Plasma melatonin concentrations rose sharply (P < 0.01) after sunset to record peak concentrations between midnight and 2 a.m. declining sharply thereafter in both breeding as well as non-breeding seasons. Basal melatonin concentrations were recorded between 0600 and 1600 h. Stage of luteal phase did not influence the diurnal hormone change (P < 0.01). In the breeding season, mean plasma prolactin concentrations displayed circadian variations with maximum value at 0400 h (41.22+ /- 1.5 ng/ml) and minimum at 1400 h (12.0 +/- 4.02 ng/ml). In the non-breeding season plasma prolactin concentrations showed circadian variation with maximum value at 0000 h (59.9 +/- 10.5 ng/ml) and minimum at 1200 h (32.13 +/- 3.2 ng/ml). A positive correlation in breeding (r = 0.75) and in non-breeding season (r = 0.65) between circadian changes in mean plasma prolactin and melatonin concentrations were seen. Circadian changes of mean plasma melatonin concentrations during breeding and non-breeding seasons were not different (P > 0.05). However, mean plasma prolactin concentrations were found to be higher (P < 0.01) in the non-breeding season. Three conclusions were drawn from the study: (i) melatonin and prolactin concentrations followed a circadian pattern of secretion (ii) melatonin and prolactin secretion may be closely interrelated and (iii) higher prolactin concentrations during the non-breeding season could be due to nutritional and environmental stress and hence might be contributing to lack of cyclicity.
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Chattopadhyay A, Sarkar M, Biswas NM. Dose-dependent effect of copper chloride on male reproductive function in immature rats. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2005; 3:392-400. [PMID: 16449843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is essential as a trace element for metabolic processes. Exposure to copper in industries develops toxicity among the workers. Previous findings on adverse effects of copper on male reproductive function in adult albino rats led to investigate the effects of this metal on reproductive function of maturing male rats in the present experiment. METHODOLOGY To study these effects, immature (30 to 35 days old) Wistar strain albino rats weighing about 50-60 g were treated intraperitoneally with copper chloride at doses of 1000, 2000 and 3000 microg/kg body weight/day for 26 days. RESULT Significant fall in accessory sex organ weight and inhibition of testicular 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity along with degeneration of testicular growing spermatogenic cells and reduction in serum testosterone, FSH and LH level were observed at the doses of 2000 and 3000microg/kg/day. On the other hand, at the dose of 1000 microg/kg/day significant increase in testicular steroidogenic enzyme activity and stimulation of testicular spermatogenesis along with rise in serum testosterone and LH level were observed, though no significant change was observed in serum FSH level. This suggests that copper has got a dose-dependent effect on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and serum testosterone and LH level in maturing male rats.
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118
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Gebhard F, Sarkar M, Maier G, Kinzl L, Arand M. Navigationsgestützte Arthrodese des Iliosakralgelenks. Unfallchirurg 2005; 108:761-4. [PMID: 15971076 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-005-0969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint (SI) usually requires a large surgical exposure using the lateral approach. Computer-assisted surgery based on intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy imaging can reduce the approach to stab incisions. The clinical example shows the insertion of two screws and a cylindrical bone graft to achieve an arthrodesis of the SI joint. The intraoperatively navigated placement of implants and bone graft was performed only by stab incisions.
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119
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Sarkar M, Prakash BS. Synchronization of ovulation in yaks (Poephagus grunniens L.) using PGF2α and GnRH. Theriogenology 2005; 63:2494-503. [PMID: 15910929 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2004] [Revised: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of estrus synchronization in yaks using the Ovsynch protocol. To eight non-lactating cycling yaks were administered GnRH analogue followed by PGF(2alpha) analogue treatment 7 days later and further injected with a second injection of same GnRH analogue 2 days after the PGF(2alpha) analogue administration. Ovulation was detected by rectal palpation at 2 h intervals from the initial signs of estrus till ovulation. For LH and progesterone the blood samples were collected at 15 min intervals starting from 1 h prior to the second injection of GnRH analogue until 6 h later and further at 2 h intervals till 2 h after the ovulation. Ovulation was detected in seven out of eight yaks after Ovsynch treatment. The mean time interval from the second GnRH injection to ovulation was 24.8+/-1.95 h with a range of 20-34 h and the mean interval from the LH peak and ovulation was 19.96+/-1.91 h with a range of 14-29 h. The high degree of ovulation synchronization could be attributed to the highly synchronized LH peaks in the treated animals. It was concluded that this estrus synchronization protocol could be applied for fixed time AI in yak.
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120
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Sarkar M, Prakash BS. Timing of ovulation in relation to onset of estrus and LH peak in yak (Poephagus grunniens L.). Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 86:353-62. [PMID: 15766812 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Revised: 08/16/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the timing of ovulation in relation to onset of estrus and the preovulatory LH peak in yaks. For this purpose, a sensitive LH enzymeimmunoassay previously established in buffaloes was successfully validated for measuring the hormone in yak plasma. Plasma LH and progesterone were estimated from blood samples collected from eight non-lactating cycling yaks at 2 h intervals after estrus onset until 6 h after ovulation (ovulation was confirmed by palpation of ovaries per rectum). The mean+/-S.E.M. preovulatory plasma LH peak was 10.11+/-0.35 ng/ml with the values ranging from 8.75 to 11.51 ng/ml in individual yaks. The mean+/-S.E.M. duration of the LH surge was 7.25+/-0.55 h with a range of 6-10 h. Onset of LH surge (mean+/-S.E.M.) occurred 3.0+/-0.65 h after the onset of estrus. Mean plasma progesterone stayed low (<0.25 ng/ml) during the entire duration of sampling. Ovulation occurred 30.5+/-0.82 h (range, 28-34 h) after the onset of estrus and 20.25+/-1.03 h after the end of LH surge. The occurrence of the LH peaks within a narrow time frame of 4-8h post estrus onset in yaks could have contributed to the animals ovulating within a narrow time interval.
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121
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Biswas NM, Chattopadhyay A, Sarkar M. Effects of gold on testicular steroidogenic and gametogenic functions in immature male albino rats. Life Sci 2004; 76:629-36. [PMID: 15567188 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of gold chloride, a metallic earth salt, on steroidogenic and gametogenic functions of testis in immature rats. Immature rats of Wistar strain, were injected (s.c.) with gold chloride at the dose of 0.3 mg and 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day for 26 days. All the treated animals along with the vehicle-treated controls were sacrificed 24 hours after last injections. Testicular steroidogenic activity was evaluated by measuring the activities of two steroidogenic key enzymes, Delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Delta5-3beta-HSD) and 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-beta HSD). Gametogenic capacity was determined by counting the number of germ cells at stage VII of seminiferous cycle. Plasma levels of testosterone (T) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Administration of gold chloride at a dose of 0.3 mg/ kg body weight for 26 days led to insignificant changes of testicular Delta5-3beta-HSD,17beta-HSD activities and gametogenesis along with plasma T. In contrast 0.5 mg gold chloride treatment for 26 days caused a significant increase in plasma T (p < 0.001) along with stimulation of testicular Delta5-3beta-HSD activity (p < 0.001) and 17beta-HSD activity (p < 0.001). Gametogenic activity exhibited a significant increase in the number of step 7 spermatids (7Sd) (p < 0.001) at stage VII of seminiferous cycle when compared to control. The results of our experiment suggest that gold chloride treatment might be associated with significant stimulatory effects on testicular activities. Furthermore, since hormonal changes, altered steroidogenic enzymes and gametogenic activities were evident to a specific dose of gold chloride treatment, our data may have some clinical implication on the stimulation of fertility.
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122
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Einarson A, Bonari L, Sarkar M, McKenna K, Koren G. Exposure to sibutramine during pregnancy: a case series. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 116:112. [PMID: 15294380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2003] [Revised: 01/13/2004] [Accepted: 02/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hartwig E, Kinzl L, Schultheiss M, Sarkar M. [Complications of malignant tumors--pathological fractures]. MMW Fortschr Med 2004; 146:31-2, 34, 36. [PMID: 15373081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the treatment of tumors have improved the life expectancy of cancer patients appreciably. As a consequence the incidence of bone metastases has also increased. Surgical interventions must achieve a maximal palliative effect with minimal morbidity and mortality. Major objectives are reduction of pain while preserving stability and function. Surgical treatment of primary and secondary bone tumors is complicated and thus also burdened with complications. However, interdisciplinary therapy comprising surgical resection and stabilization, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy improves life expectancy and the quality of life of the cancer patient.
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Subbarayan PR, Sarkar M. A comparative study of variation in codon 33 of the rpoS gene in Escherichia coli K12 stocks: implications for the synthesis of sigma(s). Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 270:533-8. [PMID: 14618393 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2003] [Accepted: 10/02/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli rpoS gene encodes an RNA polymerase sigma factor (sigma S or sigma(S)) required for the expression of stationary-phase genes. In the first published rpoS sequence from E. coli K-12 codon 33 is given as CAG. However, several subsequent independent studies found the amber codon TAG at this position ( rpoSAm). Besides this amber codon, other codons such as TAT have also been found at this location in rpoS. Comparative genome analysis now leads us to propose TAG as the parental codon 33 in rpoS in E. coli K-12. Five different stocks of the strain W3110, which differ in the levels of sigma(S) protein they express, were investigated. We sequenced the rpoS gene from these, and found a T at nucleotide position 97 in four out of the five stocks and a G at position 99 in three out of the five. W1485, a parental strain of W3110, and W3350, a derivative of W3110, are also rpoSAm mutants. Such rpoSAm mutants would be expected to show no RpoS activity. The retention of partial or intermediate sigma(S) activity by suppressor-free rpoSAm mutants is therefore puzzling. We propose that a functional, N-terminally truncated, sigma(S) (Delta1-53sigma(S)) can be translated from a Secondary Translation Initiation Region (STIR) located downstream of the amber codon 33. It has recently been reported that a fragment of RpoS (Delta1-53sigma(S)) that lacks the first 53 amino acids is functional when synthesized in vivo. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that the original codon 33 of the rpoS gene in E. coli K-12 strains is the amber codon TAG.
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Biswas NM, Chattopadhyay A, Sarkar M. Protection of adrenocortical activity by dietary casein in ether anaesthetized rats. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2003; 41:367-9. [PMID: 15255650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta5-3beta-HSD) activity and serum corticosterone level were significantly higher in rats fed with 5% casein or 4% albumin diets after 1 hr of ether anaesthetic stress as compared to the controls, 5% casein and 20% casein (equivalent to 4% albumin) respectively. Ether anaesthesia to 20% casein fed rats caused no change in adrenal delta5-3beta-HSD activity and serum corticosterone level when compared with controls fed 20% casein diet. The results suggest that high milk protein diet may prevent acute stress effects by protecting adrenocortical activity. The present investigation opens up a new area of management of stress.
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