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Reuter S, Dehzad N, Martin H, Jung M, Heinz A, Stassen M, Buhl R, Taube C. Die Allergenpräsentation von konventionellen Dendritischen Zellen (cDC) der Lunge kann durch bakterielle und virale Bestandteile beeinflusst werden. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1247946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim G, Lee H, Lim Y, Jung M, Kong D. Baseflow contribution to nitrates in an urban stream in Daejeon, Korea. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2010; 61:3216-3220. [PMID: 20555219 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that baseflow discharge of rainfall runoff significantly impacts the quality of surface water. In this paper, the impact of nitrates discharged as baseflow on stream water quality were studied using PULSE, a hydrograph separation software developed by USGS, to calculate the monthly baseflow discharge. We took water quality and flow rate data from a monitoring station site (code: Ghapcehon2) in Daejeon city and acquired 2005 groundwater quality data in the watershed from government agencies. Agricultural and forestry land use are dominant in the area. The baseflow contributes 85%-95% of stream flows during the spring and fall, 25%-38% during the summer and winter. The monthly nitrate loading discharged as baseflow for Ghapcheon2 was estimated by using monitored nitrate concentrations of groundwater in the watershed. Nitrate loading induced by baseflow at Ghapcheon2 was estimated as 5.4 tons of NO3(-)-N/km(2), which is about 60% of nitrate loading of surface water, or 9.2 tons of NO3(-)-N/km(2). This study shows that groundwater quality monitoring is important for proper management of surface water quality.
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King JN, Rudaz C, Borer L, Jung M, Seewald W, Lees P. In vitro and ex vivo inhibition of canine cyclooxygenase isoforms by robenacoxib: a comparative study. Res Vet Sci 2009; 88:497-506. [PMID: 20004922 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro whole blood canine assays were used to quantify the inhibitory actions of the novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) robenacoxib on the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, in comparison with other drugs of the NSAID class. COX-1 activity was determined by measuring serum thromboxane (Tx)B(2) synthesis in blood samples allowed to clot at 37 degrees C for 1h. COX-2 activity was determined by measuring prostaglandin (PG)E(2) synthesis in blood samples incubated at 37 degrees C for 24h in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. The rank order of selectivity for inhibition of COX-2 versus COX-1 (IC(50) COX-1:IC(50) COX-2) for veterinary drugs was highest with robenacoxib (128.8) compared to deracoxib (48.5), nimesulide (29.2), S+ carprofen (17.6), meloxicam (7.3), etodolac (6.6), R- carprofen (5.8) and ketoprofen (0.88). Selectivity expressed as the clinically relevant ratio IC(20) COX-1:IC(80) COX-2 was highest for robenacoxib (19.8) compared to deracoxib (2.3), S+ carprofen (2.5), R- carprofen (2.1), nimesulide (1.8), etodolac (0.76), meloxicam (0.46) and ketoprofen (0.21). An in vivo pharmacokinetic ex vivo pharmacodynamic study in the dog established dosage and concentration-effect relationships for single oral doses of robenacoxib over the dosage range 0.5-8.0mg/kg. Values of C(max) and AUC were linearly related to dosage over the tested range. Robenacoxib did not inhibit serum TxB(2) synthesis (COX-1) ex vivo at dosages of 0.5-4.0mg/kg and produced only transient inhibition (at the 1h and 2h sampling times) at the 8mg/kg dosage. All dosages of robenacoxib (0.5-8mg/kg) produced marked, significant and dose related inhibition of PGE(2) synthesis (COX-2) ex vivo. The data demonstrate that in the dog robenacoxib is a highly selective inhibitor of the COX-2 isoform of COX, and significantly inhibits COX-2 and spares COX-1 in vivo when administered orally over the dosage range 0.5-4.0mg/kg.
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Hamaya K, Kitabatake M, Shibata K, Jung M, Ishida S, Taniyama T, Hirakawa K, Arakawa Y, Machida T. Spin-related current suppression in a semiconductor quantum dot spin-diode structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:236806. [PMID: 19658960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.236806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the transport features of electrons in a spin-diode structure consisting of a single semiconductor quantum dot (QD) weakly coupled to one nonmagnetic and one ferromagnetic (FM) lead, in which the QD has an artificial atomic nature. A Coulomb stability diamond shows asymmetric features with respect to the polarity of the bias voltage. For the regime of two-electron tunneling, we find anomalous suppression of the current for both forward and reverse bias. We discuss possible mechanisms of the anomalous current suppression in terms of spin blockade via the QD-FM interface at the ground state of a two-electron QD.
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Jung M, Lees P, Seewald W, King JN. Analytical determination and pharmacokinetics of robenacoxib in the dog. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 32:41-8. [PMID: 19161454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed and validated for the measurement of the novel analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug robenacoxib in blood and plasma of dogs and cats. To prevent nonreproducible carry-over effects, an initial solid phase extraction procedure was followed by high pressure liquid chromatography analysis for samples with concentrations in the range 500 to 20,000 ng/mL. To improve accuracy, samples of concentration 3 to 100 ng/mL were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Applying these methods, blood concentration-time profiles and pharmacokinetic variables of robenacoxib in dogs were determined in a four-phase cross-over study, which compared different routes of administration of the drug, including intravenous (i.v.) injection, oral application with and without feed, and subcutaneous (s.c.) application. After i.v. administration the mean clearance from blood was 0.81 L/kg/h, the volume of distribution was 0.77 L/kg for the elimination phase and 0.24 L/kg for steady-state, and the terminal half-life in blood was 0.63 h. Maximum blood concentrations were obtained in less than 1 h following oral or s.c. application. Absolute bioavailability was 88% after s.c. injection, 84% after oral administration to fasted dogs, but was reduced to 62% when applied orally to fed dogs. In canine and feline plasma the degree of binding of robenacoxib to plasma protein in vitro was greater than 98%. The blood:plasma concentration ratio was 0.44:1 in the dog and 0.65:1 in the cat. In conclusion analytical methods for the quantification of robenacoxib in blood and plasma in the dog and cat were developed and validated. In dogs, robenacoxib has good bioavailability after oral (84%) and subcutaneous (88%) administration.
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Lennholm M, Eriksson LG, Turco F, Bouquey F, Darbos C, Dumont R, Giruzzi G, Jung M, Lambert R, Magne R, Molina D, Moreau P, Rimini F, Segui JL, Song S, Traisnel E. Demonstration of effective control of fast-ion-stabilized sawteeth by electron-cyclotron current drive. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:115004. [PMID: 19392209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In a tokamak plasma, sawtooth oscillations in the central temperature, caused by a magnetohydrodynamic instability, can be partially stabilized by fast ions. The resulting less frequent sawtooth crashes can trigger unwanted magnetohydrodynamic activity. This Letter reports on experiments showing that modest electron-cyclotron current drive power, with the deposition positioned by feedback control of the injection angle, can reliably shorten the sawtooth period in the presence of ions with energies >or=0.5 MeV. Certain surprising elements of the results are evaluated qualitatively in terms of existing theory.
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Mylius V, Jung M, Teepker M, Hattemer K, Haag A, Oertel W, Rosenow F. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex decreases the perception of experimentally-induced pain: contribution of working memory? KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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209
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Wang Z, Chen C, Finger SN, d/o Kwajah M.M S, Jung M, Schwarz H, Swanson N, Lareu RR, Raghunath M. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid: a potential epigenetic therapeutic agent for lung fibrosis? Eur Respir J 2009; 34:145-55. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00084808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wirth C, Schmidt O, Tsybin I, Schreiber T, Peschel T, Brückner F, Clausnitzer T, Limpert J, Eberhardt R, Tünnermann A, Gowin M, ten Have E, Ludewigt K, Jung M. 2 kW incoherent beam combining of four narrow-linewidth photonic crystal fiber amplifiers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:1178-1183. [PMID: 19188944 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on beam combining of four narrow-linewidth fiber amplifier chains, running at different wavelengths and each delivering 500 W optical output power. The main amplifier stage consists of a large mode area photonic crystal fiber. The four output beams of the amplifier chains are spectrally (incoherent) combined using a polarization-independent dielectric reflective diffraction grating to form an output beam of 2 kW continuous-wave optical power with good beam quality (M(2)x = 2.0, M(2)y = 1.8).
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Mylius V, Jung M, Hattemer K, Haag A, Teepker M, Huber M, Oertel W, Rosenow F. 96. Influence of tDCS of the right DLPFC on verbal working memory and non-noxious and noxious thermal stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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212
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Löhr B, El-Samalouti V, Junge W, Maatouk H, Halabi A, Fahle A, Bossert-Reuther S, Jung M, Berding C, Domke I. Reference range study for various parameters on Roche clinical chemistry analyzers. Clin Lab 2009; 55:465-471. [PMID: 20225669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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213
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Sztajzel J, Jung M, Sievert K, Bayes De Luna A. Cardiac autonomic profile in different sports disciplines during all-day activity. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2008; 48:495-501. [PMID: 18997654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Physical training and sport activity have a beneficial effect on cardiac autonomic activity. However, the exact impact of different types of sports disciplines on cardiac autonomic function is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac autonomic profile in different sports discplines and to determine their impact on cardiac autonomic function by using heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive electrocardiographic (ECG) analysis of the sympatho-vagal balance. METHODS Temporal and spectral HRV parameters determined from 24-hour continuous ECG monitoring were studied in 40 subjects, including 12 endurance athletes, 14 hockey players and 14 untrained male volunteers (control group). Each participant had to wear a Holter recorder during 24 hours and to continue his everyday activities. All HRV parameters were compared between the 3 study groups. RESULTS All heart rate values were lower and all parasympathetic-related time domain indices, including root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and pNN50 (NN50 count divided by the total number of all NN intervals), were higher in both athletes groups as compared with controls (P<0.05). However, standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) values, which determine global HRV, were significantly higher only in endurance athletes (P<0.05). Furthermore, the power spectral components low frequency (LF), a mixture of both autonomic inputs, and HF (high frequency), a marker of vagal modulation, were significantly higher with a resulting lower LF/HF ratio in both athletes groups as compared to controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Both endurance and team playing athletic activity induce during all-day a high parasympathetic tone (higher RMSSD, pNN50 and HF, and lower LF/HF ratio). However, only endurance athletic activity has a particularly high global HRV (higher SDNN), indicating thereby that this type sports discipline may have a more substantially favorable effect on the cardiac autonomic profile.
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Riphaus A, Wehrmann T, Weber B, Arnold J, Beilenhoff U, Bitter H, von Delius S, Domagk D, Ehlers AF, Faiss S, Hartmann D, Heinrichs W, Hermans ML, Hofmann C, In der Smitten S, Jung M, Kähler G, Kraus M, Martin J, Meining A, Radke J, Rösch T, Seifert H, Sieg A, Wigginghaus B, Kopp I. [S3-guidelines--sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2008; 46:1298-330. [PMID: 19012203 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kim HJ, Moon SH, Kim HS, Moon ES, Chun HJ, Jung M, Lee HM. Diabetes and smoking as prognostic factors after cervical laminoplasty. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 90:1468-72. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.90b11.20632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed 87 patients who had undergone expansive cervical laminoplasty between 1999 and 2005. These were divided into two groups: those who had diabetes mellitus and those who did not. There were 31 patients in the diabetes group and 56 in the control group. Although a significant improvement in the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was seen in both groups, the post-operative recovery rate in the control group was better than that of the diabetic group. The patients’ age and symptom duration adversely affected the rate of recovery in the diabetic group only. Smoking did not affect the outcome in either group. A logistic regression analysis found diabetes and signal changes in the spinal cord on MRI to be significant risk factors for a poor outcome (odds ratio 2.86, 3.02, respectively). Furthermore, the interaction of diabetes with smoking and/or age increased this risk. We conclude that diabetes mellitus, or the interaction of this with old age, can adversely affect outcome after cervical laminoplasty. However, smoking alone cannot be regarded as a risk factor.
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Gründl M, Klein S, Horczakiwskyj R, Feser D, Jung M, Eisenmann-Klein M, Prantl L. The "jaguar's eye" as a new beauty trend? Age-related effects in judging the attractiveness of the oblique eye axis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2008; 32:915-9. [PMID: 18506510 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-008-9180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eye area plays an important role in the assessment of a person. Although plastic surgery in this area is quite common, only a few studies have evaluated the features that create an attractive eye. This study aimed to determine whether a preference exists for a certain eye axis. METHODS The stimulus material comprised portrait images of seven women. Two versions of each face were generated that differed only in the position of the eye axis (normal vs rotated). The eye axis was rotated by raising the lateral canthus of the eye about 5 degrees . A total of 250 experimental subjects ranging in age from 15 to 84 years stated their preferential position of the eye axis (horizontal vs oblique). RESULTS Clear evidence showed that age has an impact on the type of eye axis preferred. Young subjects (age, B 19 years) regarded the oblique type of eye axis as more attractive, whereas older subjects (age, C50 years) preferred the eyes more horizontal (p \ 0.001), independently of the interviewees' gender. CONCLUSION Because young people judge eye attractiveness differently than older people and because beauty trends are normally determined by young people, a future ideal of beauty could be characterized by eyes with a gently oblique eye axis.
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Gotterbarm T, Breusch SJ, Schneider U, Jung M. The minipig model for experimental chondral and osteochondral defect repair in tissue engineering: retrospective analysis of 180 defects. Lab Anim 2008; 42:71-82. [PMID: 18348768 DOI: 10.1258/la.2007.06029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair is still a challenge in orthopaedic surgery. Although many treatment options have been developed in the last decade, true regeneration of hyaline articular cartilage is yet to be accomplished. In vitro experiments are useful for evaluating cell-matrix interactions under controlled parameters. When introducing new treatment options into clinical routine, adequate animal models are capable of closing the gap between in vitro experiments and the clinical use in human beings. We developed an animal model in the Göttingen minipig (GMP) to evaluate the healing of osteochondral or full-thickness cartilage defects. The defects were located in the middle third of the medial portion of the patellofemoral joint at both distal femurs. Chondral defects were 6.3 mm, osteochondral defects either 5.4 or 6.3 mm in diameter and 8 or 10 mm deep. In both defects the endogenous repair response showed incomplete repair tissue formation up to 12 months postoperatively. Based on its limited capability for endogenous repair of chondral and osteochondral defects, the GMP is a useful model for critical assessment of new treatment strategies in articular cartilage tissue engineering.
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Wang W, Liu HC, Jung M, He Z, Rosenwaks Z. Functional uromodulin-like 1(Umodl1), a glycosylated surface protein is essential to oocyte quality. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jung M, Kim SG, Kim HK, Moon SY. P.189 Histomorphometric analysis of delayed implantation after DO. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-5182(08)71977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Takayama K, Kim Y, Ichiki M, Kim S, Inoue K, Yang S, Kawasaki M, Jung M, Tokunaga S, Kim K, Nakanishi Y. Randomized, phase II study of biweekly versus weekly paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A Japan-Korea collaborative clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.19124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Swinnen LJ, Flinn IW, Kahl BS, Frey E, Rogers K, Jung M, Jacene H, Wahl RL. Phase I trial of yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan ( 90Y-RIT) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.8565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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223
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Prantl L, Schreml S, Schwarze H, Eisenmann-Klein M, Nerlich M, Angele P, Jung M, Füchtmeier B. A safe and simple technique using the distal pedicled reversed upper arm flap to cover large elbow defects. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2008; 61:546-51. [PMID: 17618845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The reconstruction of large soft-tissue defects at the elbow is hard to achieve by conventional techniques and is complicated by the difficulty of transferring sufficient tissue with adequate elasticity and sensate skin. Surgical treatment should permit early mobilisation to avoid permanent functional impairment. Clinical experience with the distal pedicled reversed upper arm flap in 10 patients suffering from large elbow defects is presented (seven male, three female; age 40-70 years). The patient sample included six patients with chronic ulcer, two with tissue defects due to excision of a histiocytoma, and one patient with burn contracture. In the two cases of histiocytoma, defect closure of the elbow's ulnar area was achieved by using a recurrent medial upper arm flap. In the eight other patients we used a flap from the lateral upper arm with a flap rotation of 180 degrees. Average wound size ranged from 4 to 10 cm, average wound area from 30 to 80 cm(2). Flap dimensions ranged from 15 x 8 cm for the lateral upper arm flap to 29 x 8 cm for the medial upper arm flap. The inferior posterior radial and ulnar collateral arteries are the major nutrient vessels of the reversed lateral and medial upper arm flaps. Perforating vessels are identified preoperatively using colour Doppler ultrasonography. Flap failure did not occur. Secondary wound closure became necessary due to initial wound healing difficulties in one patient. Mean operation time was 1.5 h and mean follow-up period 12 months. Good defect coverage with tension-free wound closure was achieved in all cases. Stable defect coverage led to long-term wound stability without any restriction of elbow movement. The lateral and medial upper arm flaps represent a safe and reliable surgical treatment option for large elbow defects. The surgical technique is comparatively simple and quick.
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Wasem J, Jung M, May U, Ochotta T, Hessel F, Wegner C, Gutsch A, Neumann A. Nutzen und Kosteneffektivität der Nikotinersatztherapie zur Raucherentwöhnung - eine entscheidungsanalytische Modellierung der direkten medizinischen Kosten. GESUNDHEITSOEKONOMIE UND QUALITAETSMANAGEMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mylius V, Jung M, Hattemer K, Haag A, Teepker M, Huber M, Oertel WH, Rosenow F. Influence of tDCS of the right DLPFC on verbal working memory and non-noxious and noxious thermal stimulation. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1072890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hartmann D, Jung M, Neubert TR, Susin C, Nonnenmacher C, Mutters R. Microbiological risk of anaesthetic breathing circuits after extended use. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:432-6. [PMID: 18269394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Daily change of breathing circuits in the operating theatre requires a lot of resources and is time and labour consuming. The extended use of breathing circuits could reduce the workload of the staff and health care costs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contamination rate of anaesthesia breathing circuits changed after 24, 48 or 72 h of use. MATERIALS The study was performed as an experimental observational study. Microbiological samples were taken from 112 breathing systems including both parts of the ventilator circuit (inspiration and expiration) and analysed using microbiological standard techniques. Breathing circuits were changed according to three different schedules. In the 24-h group, breathing circuits were changed every day, whereas in the 48-h group changing of the circuits took place on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. A period of 72 h operating use was tested on weekends. RESULTS A total of 112 breathing systems comprised of 224 samples from the ventilator circuit were tested for bacteria and yeast contamination. A non-significant increase in the contamination rate was observed with the extended use for breathing circuits (24 h: 3.33%, 48 h: 4.35% and 72 h: 5.56%; P for trend=0.66). Similarly, no significant increase in contamination rate could be observed at the sample level (24 h: 1.67%, 48 h: 3.26% and 72 h: 2.78%; P for trend=0.71). CONCLUSION The extended use of breathing circuits for 48 and 72 h does not increase significantly the risk of contamination, provided that HME filters are changed separately for every patient.
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Vinuesa E, Hotter G, Jung M, Herrero-Fresneda I, Torras J, Sola A. Macrophage involvement in the kidney repair phase after ischaemia/reperfusion injury. J Pathol 2008; 214:104-13. [PMID: 17973244 DOI: 10.1002/path.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration is a common feature of the early phase of renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Indeed, it is generally regarded as the cause of tissue injury in this phase, although it is also clear that it can lead to tissue repair in other phases. In order to ascertain whether macrophages are directly involved in the repair/late phase, which follows the pro-inflammatory and injury process of renal ischaemia/reperfusion, we used two different approaches based on macrophage depletion. Firstly, we produced renal ischaemia in mice that were previously treated with clodronate liposome. Secondly, during reperfusion we re-injected RAW 264.7 to macrophage-depleted mice 24 h prior to sacrifice. The results showed that regeneration, as evaluated by stathmin and PCNA markers, was macrophage-dependent: it was blocked when macrophage depletion was provoked and recovered with macrophage re-injection. The cytokine profile revealed the influence of the inflammatory environment on kidney repair: pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, MIP-1alpha) increased during the early stages of reperfusion, coinciding with low regeneration, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased during the longer periods of reperfusion when regeneration was more evident. We conclude that macrophages induce renal regeneration after ischaemia/reperfusion, depending on the inflammatory milieu.
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Schoenbein C, Docke WD, Wolk K, Belbe G, Hoflich C, Jung M, Grutz G, Sterry W, Volk HD, Asadullah K, Sabat R. Long-term interleukin-10 presence induces the development of a novel, monocyte-derived cell type. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 151:306-16. [PMID: 18062799 PMCID: PMC2276947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is one of the most crucial immunoregulatory cytokines. Its short-term effects have been analysed extensively, but little is known about its long-term effects. This is of considerable importance, as high systemic IL-10 levels are present for long periods in patients with persistent viral infections, certain cancers and in critical care patients. Our study investigated the effects of the long-term presence of IL-10 on human peripheral blood monocytes. In vitro, IL-10 treatment of these cells for 7 days induced the development of a novel cell type characterized by unique phenotypical and functional characteristics. These cells showed high HLA-DR expression and low expression of CD86 and other co-stimulatory molecules on their surface. The mRNA levels of both HLA-DR and CD86 were high, but no intracellular accumulation of CD86 protein was observed. With respect to its function, these cells showed strongly diminished tumour necrosis factor-alpha production following lipopolysaccharide stimulation, strongly diminished allogenic CD4(+) T cell stimulatory capacity, and even induced a hyporesponsive state in CD4(+) T cells. The phenotype remained stable despite the removal of IL-10. In vivo, we found monocytic cells from patients exhibiting this phenotype after long-term IL-10 exposure. These results complement our knowledge further about the biological effects of IL-10 and may provide an explanation for the sustained immunodeficiency in cases of the persistent presence of systemic IL-10.
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Regenbrecht C, Welte Y, Jodicke A, Hugel R, Walden P, Jung M, Lehrach H, Adjaye J. Molecular characterization of signalling pathways in cancer stem cells. Ecancermedicalscience 2008; 2:115. [PMID: 22275988 PMCID: PMC3234046 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2008.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid artefacts introduced by culturing cells for extended periods of time, it is crucial to use low-passage patient-derived tumour cells. The ability to enrich, isolate and assay sub-populations of cells that behave as cancer stem cells (CSCs) from these primary cell lines is essential before performing characterizations such as gene-expression profiling. We have isolated cells from glioblastomas which show characteristics of CSCs. Although glioblastomas contain only a relatively small amount of putative CSCs, these cells express many genes which seem to be worthy targets for future therapies.
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Jung M, Daecke W, Bernd L, Martini AK, Schroeder K. Phalangen- und Metakarpalerekonstruktion durch autologe Beckenkamminterponate nach Tumorresektion mit Gelenkbeteiligung. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2007; 39:381-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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231
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Genzel H, Jung M, Rausch KR, Wedemeyer R, Weyer HJ. Proton Compton effect in the region of the Δ(1236)-resonance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02757604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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232
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Streich N, Gotterbarm T, Jung M, Schmitt H. Ergebnisse der arthroskopischen partiellen Resektion des Labrum acetabulare. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND UNFALLCHIRURGIE 2007; 145:633-8. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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233
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Suree N, Jung M, Clubb R. Recent Advances Towards New Anti-Infective Agents that Inhibit Cell Surface Protein Anchoring in Staphylococcus aureus and Other Gram-Positive Pathogens. Mini Rev Med Chem 2007; 7:991-1000. [PMID: 17979801 DOI: 10.2174/138955707782110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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234
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Ku SY, Liu HC, Wang W, He Z, Jung M, Rosenwaks Z. Effects of SB-431542 on growth and gene expression on the oocytes and granulosa cells of early preantral follicles. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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235
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Jung M, Ohl F, Stephan C, Rabien A, Kristiansen G, Radonić A, Loening SA, Jung K. [Quantifying gene expression in prostate carcinoma. Which endogenous reference genes are suitable?]. Urologe A 2007; 46:1083-4. [PMID: 17628775 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-007-1436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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236
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Rabien A, Jung M, Fritzsche F, Loening SA, Kristiansen G, Jung K. [Tumor suppressor RECK in prostate carcinoma. Decreased RECK expression as indicator of proteolytic imbalance]. Urologe A 2007; 46:1081-2. [PMID: 17628776 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-007-1434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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237
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Wong K, Jung M, Maxwell G, Dritschilo A. TH-E-AUD-02: Dosimetry Studies of GeneSeed Therapy. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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238
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Seiderer J, Rust C, Menth M, Pusl T, Jung M. [A 67-year-old patient with somnolence and severe hyponatraemia]. Internist (Berl) 2007; 47:623-4, 626-8. [PMID: 16767477 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-006-1612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 67-year-old female patient with known depression was admitted to the intensive care unit with severe hyponatraemia (105 mmol/l) and somnolence caused by inadequate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) syndrome after starting therapy with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Citalopram. This medication was stopped, and the hyponatraemia was carefully treated with fluid restriction and diuretics. Seven days later, the patient was discharged to a psychiatric ward with normal sodium levels and markedly improved vigilance. Given the increased use of SSRI for medical treatment of depression, the risk factors of this rare but potentially life-threatening complication and the diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed.
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Jang Y, Jung M, Kang J, Chan Kim H. An Wearable Energy Expenditure Analysis System based on the 15-channel Whole-body Segment Acceleration Measurement. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2005:3834-6. [PMID: 17281066 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1615296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of the amount of energy utilized during physical activity has generated considerable interests from various groups ranging from exercise physiologists to nutritionists and fitness center workers. To date, however, the existing energy expenditure estimation methods are not so reliable and compact. In this paper, we propose a new method for accurately and easily estimating energy expenditure during physical activity with a novel algorithm. This method involves acquiring acceleration signals through a 15-channel whole-body segment acceleration measurement system and then estimating the calories expended using a newly developed algorithm. The results of 3 subjects' experiments were compared with a commercially available mask type indirect calorimeter and a 9-axis accelerometry-based calorimeter. The results demonstrate that the proposed method provides a new and reliable way to estimate human energy expenditure during physical activity.
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Kim D, Jung M, Jeong R, Kim H. Needle-type multi-electrode array fabricated by MEMS technology for the hypodermic continuous glucose monitoring system. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2004:1987-9. [PMID: 17272106 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A needle-type multi-electrode array for the hypodermic continuous glucose monitoring sensor was fabricated using MEMS technology. The developed multielectrode sensor has 4 electrodes of two working(Pt) electrodes, one counter(Pt) electrode, and one reference(Ag/AgCl) electrode. Two working electrodes are for the enzyme and nonenzyme electrodes which measure glucose concentration and the background current (I(0)), respectively. The developed integrated sensor system is adequate to accomplish our prereported new two-point calibration method using only one-point sample measurement. Results of in vitro performance test are also provided.
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Heiss P, Zorger N, Jung M, Bachthaler M, Braun J, Feuerbach S, Herold T. Perkutane Stent-Angioplastie bei chronischer mesenterialer Ischämie: Technische und klinische Erfolgrate. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-977222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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242
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Schöll A, Zou Y, Jung M, Schmidt T, Fink R, Umbach E. Line shapes and satellites in high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectra of large pi-conjugated organic molecules. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:10260-7. [PMID: 15549902 DOI: 10.1063/1.1807812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high-resolution C1s and O1 s x-ray photoemission (XPS) study for condensed films of pi-conjugated organic molecules, namely, of the anhydrides 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, and benzoperylene-(1,8)-dicarboxylic acid anhydride as well as the quinoic acenaphthenequinone. Although the functional groups are identical for the anhydrides, the molecules show very different photoemission fine structure thus providing a detailed fingerprint. A simultaneous peak fit analysis of the XPS spectra of all molecules allows to consistently determine the ionization potentials of all chemically different carbon and oxygen atoms. Additional structures in the C1s and O1s spectra are interpreted as shakeup satellites and assigned with the help of singles and doubles configuration interaction calculations. These satellites provide further information on multielectron excitations and must be taken into account for quantitative investigations.
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Daecke W, Wieloch PT, Martini AK, Jung M. Proximale Karpektomie versus mediokarpale Teilarthrodese. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11678-006-0006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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244
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Spannhoff A, Jung M, Wessels L, Sippl W, Bauer I, Brosch G, Gust R, Metzger E, Schüle R. 310 POSTER New assays for histone methyltransterases. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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245
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Jung M, Faltin DL, Rutschmann O. [Impact of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling women]. REVUE MEDICALE SUISSE 2006; 2:2332-5. [PMID: 17112083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a frequent problem in an aging population and prevalence of urinary incontinence for elderly women may be up to 50% and imposes a huge burden on the health care system comparable to osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. The impact of UI shows clear associations between UI and depression and decline of quality of life comparable to congestive heart failure, major respiratory condition or gastrointestinal tract conditions. Some limited data suggest that UI is also a risk factor for institutionalization and hospitalization. Despite effective treatments, UI is significantly underdiagnosed by clinicians, and underreported by patients. This results in unmet needs for incontinence treatment, in particular for older individuals.
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Brunner EC, Romeike BFM, Jung M, Comtesse N, Meese E. Altered expression of beta-catenin/E-cadherin in meningiomas. Histopathology 2006; 49:178-87. [PMID: 16879395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Meningiomas are generally slow-growing benign tumours representing approximately 20% of all primary intracranial tumours. The hallmark of tumorigenesis of meningiomas is the loss of chromosome 22, including loss of heterozygosity of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene. The NF2 encoded protein merlin appears to function as a tumour suppressor gene by controlling cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. The E-cadherin cell adhesion system includes beta-catenin that indirectly connects cadherin to actin filaments. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression and the subcellular location of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in human meningiomas, including meningiomas of different histomorphological subtypes and different World Health Organization (WHO) grades. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed lack of E-cadherin expression at the cell membrane in 34% of meningiomas independent of their WHO grade. Loss of membranous beta-catenin occurred in 79% of meningiomas. An intense perinuclear granular immunoreactivity of beta-catenin without nuclear location was detected in the majority of meningiomas. Both immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis of fractionated meningioma cells located beta-catenin mostly on the Golgi apparatus and ER/Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Cytogenetic analysis of meningiomas showed no correlation between NF2 loss and the loss of the proper location of beta-catenin. CONCLUSIONS The lack of membranous beta-catenin and/or membranous E-cadherin in meningiomas may indicate an altered interaction between meningioma cells independent of loss of NF2 and independent of the tumour grade.
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Eckert A, Burdorf A, Engelke K, Jung M, Schlegel M, Vogt C. Kriterien zur Werkzeugauswahl für das Reliability Modeling von Produktionsnetzwerken in der chemischen Industrie. CHEM-ING-TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200650347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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248
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Vogt C, Brosig G, Eckert A, Engelke K, Jung M, Schlegel M. Wertmanagement mit Materialflussanalyse: Ein Beispiel, wie moderne Ingenieurtechnik unternehmerisches Handeln unterstützt. CHEM-ING-TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200650349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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249
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Wang W, He Z, Liu H, Jung M, Rosenwaks Z. O-8. Fertil Steril 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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250
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Hoffman A, Kiesslich R, Bender A, Neurath MF, Nafe B, Herrmann G, Jung M. Acetic acid-guided biopsies after magnifying endoscopy compared with random biopsies in the detection of Barrett's esophagus: a prospective randomized trial with crossover design. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64:1-8. [PMID: 16813794 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2005.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to standard video endoscopy, magnifying endoscopy after local acetic acid application enables recognition of mucosal surface architecture. OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic yield of magnifying endoscopy with acetic acid-targeted biopsies compared to random, 4-quadrant biopsies. DESIGN Prospective randomized trial (ratio 1:1) with crossover design. SETTING Two referral hospitals in Germany. PATIENTS Thirty-one patients with Barrett's esophagus or visible columnar-lined lower esophagus. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to undergo either standard video endoscopy with 4-quadrant biopsies or magnifying endoscopy in conjunction with acetic acid application. All patients were re-examined 14 days after the initial endoscopy with the corresponding procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Primary outcome analysis (per protocol and per biopsy) was the histological proof of Barrett's epithelium. Secondary outcome analysis was the correlation between the surface architecture and the presence of Barrett's epithelium and the needed number of biopsies to confirm Barrett's epithelium for the 2 different procedures. RESULTS Magnifying endoscopy enabled the prediction of Barrett's epithelium with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 66%, respectively (accuracy 83.8%). Acetic acid-guided biopsies obtained a significantly higher percentage of tissues containing SCE (78%; 188/241) compared to random biopsies (57%; 159/280). LIMITATIONS No data on the diagnosis of Barrett's dysplasia. CONCLUSION Magnifying endoscopy with acetic acid-guided biopsies is superior to standard video endoscopy with random biopsies, and the number of biopsies needed to confirm Barrett's epithelium is half as much when compared to random biopsies.
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