101
|
Søndergaard E, Gormsen LC, Nellemann B, Jensen MD, Nielsen S. Body composition determines direct FFA storage pattern in overweight women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1599-604. [PMID: 22510710 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00015.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct FFA storage in adipose tissue is a recently appreciated pathway for postabsorptive lipid storage. We evaluated the effect of body fat distribution on direct FFA storage in women with different obesity phenotypes. Twenty-eight women [10 upper body overweight/obese (UBO; WHR >0.85, BMI >28 kg/m(2)), 11 lower body overweight/obese (LBO; WHR <0.80, BMI >28 kg/m(2)), and 7 lean (BMI <25 kg/m(2))] received an intravenous bolus dose of [9,10-(3)H]palmitate- and [1-(14)C]triolein-labeled VLDL tracer followed by upper body subcutaneous (UBSQ) and lower body subcutaneous (LBSQ) fat biopsies. Regional fat mass was assessed by combining DEXA and CT scanning. We report greater fractional storage of FFA in UBSQ fat in UBO women compared with lean women (P < 0.01). The LBO women had greater storage per 10(6) fat cells in LBSQ adipocytes compared with UBSQ adipocytes (P = 0.04), whereas the other groups had comparable storage in UBSQ and LBSQ adipocytes. Fractional FFA storage was significantly associated with fractional VLDL-TG storage in both UBSQ (P < 0.01) and LBSQ (P = 0.03) adipose tissue. In conclusion, UBO women store a greater proportion of FFA in the UBSQ depot compared with lean women. In addition, LBO women store FFA more efficiently in LBSQ fat cells compared with UBSQ fat cells, which may play a role in development of their LBO phenotype. Finally, direct FFA storage and VLDL-TG fatty acid storage are correlated, indicating they may share a common rate-limiting pathway for fatty acid storage in adipose tissue.
Collapse
|
102
|
Parkner T, Sørensen LP, Nielsen AR, Fischer CP, Bibby BM, Nielsen S, Pedersen BK, Møller HJ. Soluble CD163: a biomarker linking macrophages and insulin resistance. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1856-62. [PMID: 22450890 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Soluble CD163 (sCD163) was recently identified as a strong risk marker for developing type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that sCD163 independently associates with insulin resistance. METHODS This cross-sectional study includes 234 participants: 96 with type 2 diabetes, 34 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 104 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), matched for sex and BMI. Glucose-lowering medication was paused for 1 week before plasma samples were obtained for determination of sCD163 and other inflammatory and metabolic variables. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Concentrations of sCD163 were 1.95 mg/l (0.63-6.97) in individuals with type 2 diabetes, 1.64 mg/l (0.58-4.19) in those with IGT, and 1.48 mg/l (0.48-4.11) (median [range]) in those with NGT (p < 0.0001). In univariate analyses, sCD163 correlated significantly with HOMA-IR (R = 0.44), insulin (R = 0.41), glucose (R = 0.30), triacylglycerol (R = 0.29) and HDL-cholesterol (R = -0.34) (all p < 0.0001). All but glucose remained significant when adjusting for age, sex, BMI and glycaemic group. In univariate regression analyses, HOMA-IR was associated with sCD163, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α and IL-6 (all p ≤ 0.0001). An increase of 50% in sCD163 resulted in an estimated increase in HOMA-IR of 36% (95% CI 26, 48; p < 0.0001). In multiple linear regression analyses, sCD163 (p = 0.001) and CRP (p = 0.01) remained independent predictors of HOMA-IR, whereas TNF-α and IL-6 did not. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Macrophage-specific sCD163 was strongly associated with insulin resistance independently of TNF-α and other predictors. Moreover, sCD163 was associated with well-known variables of the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/blood
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Female
- Glucose Intolerance/blood
- Glucose Intolerance/metabolism
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Interleukin-6/blood
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Cell Surface/blood
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
Collapse
|
103
|
Shin SJ, Rhee MY, Lim C, Lavoz C, Rodrigues-Di;ez R, Rayego-Mateos S, Benito-Martin A, Rodrigues-Diez R, Alique M, Ortiz A, Mezzano S, Ruiz-Ortega M, Axelsson J, Axelsson J, Rippe A, Sverrisson K, Rippe B, Calo L, Dal Maso L, Pagnin E, Caielli P, Calo L, Pagnin E, Dal Maso L, Caielli P, Spanos G, Spanos G, Kalaitzidis R, Karasavvidou D, Pappas K, Balafa O, Siamopoulos K, Fang TC, Lee TJF, Spanos G, Spanos G, Kalaitzidis R, Pappas E, Ermeidi E, Tatsioni A, Siamopoulos K, Blazquez-Medela A, Garcia-Sanchez O, Quiros Y, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Wu HY, Peng YS, Hung KY, Tsai TJ, Tu YK, Chien KL, Larsen T, Mose FH, Hansen AB, Pedersen EB, Quiroz Y, Rivero M, Yaguas K, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Xydakis D, Sfakianaki M, Petra C, Maragaki E, Antonaki E, Krasoudaki E, Kostakis K, Stylianou K, Papadogiannakis A, Sagliker Y, Paylar N, Heidland A, Keck A, Erek R, Kolasin P, S Ozkaynak P, Sagliker HS, Gokcay I, Ritz E, Koleganova N, Gross-Weissmann ML, Piecha G, Reinecke N, Marquez Cunha T, M . S. Higa E, Pfeferman Heilberg I, Neder JA, Nishiura JL, Silva Almeida W, Schor N, Tapia E, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Cristobal M, Soto V, Garci;a-Arroyo F, Monroy-Sanchez F, Madero M, Johnson R, Kim SM, Yang SH, Kim YS, Karanovic S, Fistrek M, Kos J, Pecin I, Premuzic V, Abramovic M, Matijevic V, Cvoriscec D, Cvitkovic A, Knezevic M, Bitunjac M, Laganovic M, Jelakovic B, Liu F, Wu M, Fu P, Klok Matthesen S, Klok Matthesen S, Larsen T, Guldager Lauridsen T, Vase H, Gjorup Holland P, Nykjaer KM, Nielsen S, Bjerregaard Pedersen E, Blazquez-Medela A, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Garcia-Sanchez O, Quiros Y, Montero MJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Vink E, Willemien V, Michiel V, Wilko S, Evert-Jan V, Blankestijn P, Zerbi S, Pedrini LA, Zbroch E, Zbroch E, Malyszko J, Malyszko J, Koc-Zorawska E, Mysliwiec M, Quelhas-Santos J, Quelhas-Santos J, Serrao P, Soares-Silva I, Tang L, Sampaio-Maia B, Desir G, Pestana M, Elsurer R, Demir T, Celik G, Yavas M, Yavas O, Murphy M, Jacquillet G, Unwin RJ, Chichger H, Shirley DG, Caraba A, Andreea M, Corina S, Ioan R, Nowicki M, Bobik M, Pawelec A, Lacisz J, Zapala A, Bryc K, Esposito C, Scaramuzzi ML, Manini A, Torreggiani M, Beneventi F, Spinillo A, Grosjean F, Fasoli G, Dal Canton A, Christos C, Christos C, Bernhard M.W. S, Martin N, Jan K, Claus M, Leyla R, Jan B, Ulrich K, Hermann H, Menne J, Pavicevic M, Pavicevic M, Markovic S, Igrutinovic Z. Hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
104
|
Nielsen R, Wiggers H, Halbirk M, Bøtker H, Holst J, Schmitz O, Frandsen E, Nielsen S, Møller N, Nørrelund H. Metabolic Effects of Short-term GLP-1 Treatment in Insulin Resistant Heart Failure Patients. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2012; 120:266-72. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1304605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe studied the metabolic effects of 48-h GLP-1 treatment in insulin resistant heart failure patients.In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded cross-over study, 11 non-diabetic HF patients with IHD received 48-h GLP-1 and placebo-infusion. We applied OGTT, hyperinsulinemic clamp, indirect calorimetry, forearm, and tracer methods.7 insulin resistant HF (EF 28%±2) patients completed the protocol. GLP-1 decreased plasma glucose levels (p=0.048) and improved glucose tolerance. 4 patients had hypoglycemic events during GLP-1 vs. none during placebo. GLP-1 treatment tended to increase whole body protein turnover (p=0.08) but did not cause muscle wasting. No significant changes in circulating levels of insulin, glucagon, free fatty acids or insulin sensitivity were detected.GLP-1 treatment decreased glucose levels and increased glucose tolerance in insulin resistant HF patients with IHD. Hypoglycemia was common and may limit the use of GLP-1 in these patients. Insulin sensitivity, lipid-, and protein metabolism remained unchanged.Data were collected at the examinational laboratories of Department of Endocrinology and Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Collapse
|
105
|
Torp M, Brønd L, Nielsen JB, Nielsen S, Christensen S, Jonassen TEN. Effects of renal denervation on the NKCC2 cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in rats with congestive heart failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 204:451-9. [PMID: 21854551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with increased renal sympathetic nerve activity and renal sodium retention. Rats with CHF display increased expression of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) in the renal medullary thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (mTAL), and arginine vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated cAMP formation in mTAL segments is increased in rats with CHF. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of RSNA on cAMP formation and NKCC2 expression in mTAL in rats with CHF. METHODS Congestive heart failure was induced in male Wistar rats by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Bilateral surgical renal denervation (DNX) was performed 3 weeks later. Two weeks after DNX, mTAL segments were isolated and stimulated with AVP. RESULTS Congestive heart failure rats displayed increased mTAL NKCC2 expression (2.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1 ± 0.2 in Sham rats), which was abolished by DNX. Bilateral denervation decreased basal cAMP levels in unstimulated tubules from CHF rats (CHF: 12.56 ± 7.73 fmol μg(-1) protein vs. DNX-CHF: 7.94 ± 4.33; P < 0.05), as well as from Sham rats (SHAM: 4.70 ± 1.38 vs. DNX-SHAM: 2.36 ± 1.52; P < 0.05). mTAL segments from DNX-CHF and DNX-Sham rats showed decreased AVP (10(-6) M)-stimulated cAMP formation, compared with CHF (CHF: 11.92 ± 4.89 fmol μg(-1) protein vs. DNX-CHF: 4.68 ± 2.47; P < 0.05) and Sham (SHAM: 10.78 ± 5.59 vs. DNX-SHAM: 4.89 ± 2.62; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that the renal sympathetic nerves have an effect on NKCC2 expression in the mTAL and might have an effect on cAMP formation in the TAL in CHF.
Collapse
|
106
|
Nielsen S. Überwachung sexuell übertragbarer Infektionen - Überblick zu aktuellen und geplanten Surveillance-Aktivitäten zwischen dem Robert Koch-Institut und dem ÖGD. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1307289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
107
|
Nordal EB, Zak M, Aalto K, Berntson L, Fasth A, Herlin T, Lahdenne P, Nielsen S, Peltoniemi S, Straume B, Rygg M. Validity and predictive ability of the juvenile arthritis disease activity score based on CRP versus ESR in a Nordic population-based setting. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71:1122-7. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
108
|
Wxxm-Andersen M, Orsted D, Nielsen S, Nordestgaard X. P-1485 - Elevated c-reactive protein, psychological distress, and depression in 73,131 individuals from the general population. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
109
|
Mathiesen P, Enevold C, Lange T, Kornblit B, Nielsen S, Müller K. Toll-like receptor 2 polymorphism in juvenile dermatomyositis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2011. [PMCID: PMC3194437 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-9-s1-o40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
110
|
Alberdi M, Jørgensen A, Law I, Nielsen S, Jørgensen MB. FDG-PET in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2011. [PMCID: PMC3194607 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-9-s1-p244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
111
|
Filocamo G, Malattia C, Foeldvari I, Stanevicha V, Nielsen S, Herlin T, Pruunsild C, Zulian F, Balogh Z, Dressler F, Rumba I, Alpigiani MG, Cortis E, Falcini F, Trauzeddel R, Calcagno G, Lepore L, Alessio M, Glass DN, Thompson SD, Martini A, Ruperto N. JIA affected sibling pairs present high correlation for ANA and ILAR category. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2011. [PMCID: PMC3194550 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-9-s1-p193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
112
|
Teilmann G, Boisen K, Pødenphant J, Zak M, Nielsen S. Transfer-consultations for young people: how do we do? Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2011. [PMCID: PMC3194638 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-9-s1-p272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
113
|
Nordal EB, Zak M, Berntson L, Aalto K, Lahdenne P, Peltoniemi S, Nielsen S, Herlin T, Straume B, Fasth A, Rygg M. Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) based on CRP; validity and predictive ability in a Nordic population-based setting. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2011. [PMCID: PMC3194508 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-9-s1-p155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
114
|
ter Haar NM, Frenkel J, Woo P, Cantarini L, Lachmann H, Insalaco A, Hofer M, Uziel Y, Ozen S, Nielsen S, Naselli A, Modesto C, Al-Mayouf SM, Kone-Paut I, Nikishina I, Iagaru N, Obici L, Papadopoulou-Alataki E, Rigante D, Boros C, Martini A, Ruperto N, Gattorno M. Therapy of autoinflammatory diseases: results from an international registry. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2011. [PMCID: PMC3194535 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-9-s1-p18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
115
|
Mathiesen P, Hegaard H, Herlin T, Zak M, Pedersen FK, Nielsen S. Long-term outcome in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis: a cross-sectional follow-up study. Scand J Rheumatol 2011; 41:50-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2011.608376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
116
|
Gjedsted J, Buhl M, Nielsen S, Schmitz O, Vestergaard ET, Tønnesen E, Møller N. Effects of adrenaline on lactate, glucose, lipid and protein metabolism in the placebo controlled bilaterally perfused human leg. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 202:641-8. [PMID: 21624100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Adrenaline has widespread metabolic actions, including stimulation of lipolysis and induction of insulin resistance and hyperlactatemia. Systemic adrenaline administration, however, generates a very complex hormonal and metabolic scenario. No studies employing regional, placebo controlled and adrenaline infusion exist. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that local placebo controlled leg perfusion with adrenaline directly increases local lactate release, stimulates lipolysis, induces insulin resistance and leaves protein metabolism unaffected. METHODS We studied seven healthy volunteers with bilateral femoral vein and artery catheters during 3-h basal and 3-h hyperinsulinemic (0.6 mU kg(-1) min(-1) ) euglycemic clamp conditions. One femoral artery was perfused with saline and the other with adrenaline (0.4 μg min m(-2) ). Lipid metabolism was quantified with [9,10-(3) H] palmitate and amino acid metabolism with (15) N-phenylalanine and lactate and glucose by raw arterio-venous differences. RESULTS Femoral vein plasma adrenaline increased ≈eightfold in the perfused leg with unaltered blood flows. Adrenaline perfusion significantly increased local leg lactate release from 0.01 to 0.25 mmol min(-1) per leg, palmitate release in the basal state 11.5-16.9 μmol min(-1) per leg and during the clamp 2.62-8.44 μmol min(-1) per leg. Glucose uptake decreased during the clamp from ≈180 to 30 μmol min(-1) per leg. Phenylalanine kinetics was not affected by adrenaline. CONCLUSION Adrenaline directly increases lactate release and lipolysis and inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the perfused human leg. Adrenaline has no direct effects on peripheral amino acid metabolism. Adrenaline-induced lactate release from striated muscle may be an important mechanism underlying hyperlactatemia in the critically ill.
Collapse
|
117
|
Nielsen S, Haar K, Sailer A, Hamouda O. P1-S2.07 STI rates and risk factors among female sex workers attending STI testing sites in Germany, January-December 2010. Sex Transm Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
118
|
O'Neill HA, Kwon TH, Ring T, Dimke H, Lebeck J, Frøkiaer J, Collins PB, Nielsen S, Frische S. Opposing effects of NaCl restriction and carbohydrate loading on urine volume in diabetic rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 202:47-57. [PMID: 21281457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To test the effects of dietary NaCl and carbohydrate content on urine volume in diabetic rats. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were subjected to NaCl restriction using either a NaCl-deficient carbohydrate-rich synthetic diet (Altromin C1036) supplemented to contain 0.16% NaCl (C1036 + lowNaCl) or a modified normal cereal-based diet (Altromin 1320) containing 0.086% NaCl (lowNaCl-1320). Normal diet contained 0.2683% NaCl. RESULTS Using the C1036 + lowNaCl diet, earlier reported paradoxical increases in water intake and urine volume of diabetic rats were reproduced. However, water intake and urine volume also increased in diabetic rats offered the synthetic C1036 diet supplemented with NaCl to normal levels. Using the lowNaCl-1320 diet, water intake and urine volume were markedly reduced. Highly significant correlations between urine volume and both osmotic output and urinary glucose excretion were found in diabetic rats on normal diet, but these correlations were absent in diabetic rats on synthetic diet, which showed higher urine volumes than expected from the correlations. In contrast, urine volume was significantly correlated with carbohydrate intake in diabetic rats, irrespective of the diet. CONCLUSIONS (i) The synthetic diet dramatically increases the urine volume in STZ-DM rats irrespectively of NaCl content. (ii) Rats with STZ-DM on a normal diet show reduced water intake and urine volume in response to dietary NaCl restriction. (iii) A shift to high carbohydrate diet induces polyuria in STZ-DM rats. (iv) Urine volume in all STZ-DM rats only shows correlation with dietary carbohydrate intake. (v) Glucose-driven osmotic diuresis is unlikely to explain the carbohydrate-induced polyuria.
Collapse
|
119
|
Tusgaard B, Nørregaard R, Jensen AM, Wang G, Topcu SO, Wang Y, Nielsen S, Frøkiaer J. Cisplatin decreases renal cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activity in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 202:79-90. [PMID: 21272267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cisplatin (CP) induced acute renal failure (ARF) has previously been associated with decreased urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion and reduced aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression in kidney collecting duct. In this study we examined the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 as well as AQP2 and the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in kidneys from rats with CP induced ARF. METHODS Rats were treated with either CP or saline and followed for 5 days. Kidneys were dissected into three zones and prepared for immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Renal content and urinary PGE2 excretion was measured. RESULTS Cisplatin treatment was associated with polyuria and a significant decreased creatinine clearance. Inner medullary PGE2 content and urinary PGE2 excretion was decreased in CP-treated rats. QPCR and semiquatitative immunoblotting demonstrated that CP treatment reduced COX-2, AQP2 and Na-K-2Cl cotransporter abundance in the different kidney zones, whereas no change in COX-1 was observed. Results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is decreased in inner medulla and cortex. Consistent with this urinary PGE2 levels were reduced. These data suggest that downregulation of COX-2 is responsible for impaired de novo generation of vasodilatory prostaglandins which may play an important role for the CP induced renal vasoconstriction and development of nephropathy.
Collapse
|
120
|
Nielsen S, Frank C, Fruth A, Spode A, Prager R, Graff A, Plenge-Bönig A, Loos S, Lütgehetmann M, Kemper MJ, Müller-Wiefel DE, Werber D. Desperately Seeking Diarrhoea: Outbreak of Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome Caused by Emerging Sorbitol-Fermenting Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H-, Germany, 2009. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 58:567-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
121
|
Di Toro G, Han R, Hirose T, De Paola N, Nielsen S, Mizoguchi K, Ferri F, Cocco M, Shimamoto T. Fault lubrication during earthquakes. Nature 2011; 471:494-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
122
|
Nielsen S, Cooper DJ. Dewatering sludge originating in water treatment works in reed bed systems. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2011; 64:361-366. [PMID: 22097008 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The dewatering process of the liquid water works sludge was examined in a trial with a series of six trial beds, each 20 m2. These were monitored from April 2008 to June 2010. It is possible to get the vegetation to grow in ferric sludge (approximately 300,000 mg Fe/kg dry solid, pH 7,7). It has not been necessary to use fertilizer. The influence of the loading programs (15-50 kg dry solid/m2/year) was tested with 1-5 days of loading and 35-55 days of rest. It is possible to drain and treat ferric sludge. Generally the dewatering profile is a peak with a maximum over 0.015-0.025 L/s/m2. The times for dewatering of 6-12 m3 are approximately 15 h and over 90% of the load is dewatered in that period. The dry solid (0.16-0.20%) in the sludge has been concentrated approximately 200 times. The dewatering phase results in ferric sludge with 30-40% dry solid which cracks up very quickly. The volume reduction is over 99%. The trend shows that the main volume of reject water has a turbidity level below 5 NTU even in the loading periods.
Collapse
|
123
|
Nielsen S, Mosca P, Giberti G, Di Toro G, Hirose T, Shimamoto T. On the transient behavior of frictional melt during seismic slip. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jb007020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
124
|
Nielsen S, Andersen T. T1 difficulty modulates the attentional blink only when T1 is unmasked. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
125
|
Sørensen LP, Brock B, Mengel A, Rungby J, Moller N, Nielsen S, Vølund A, Schmitz O. Similarity of pharmacodynamic effects of a single injection of insulin glargine, insulin detemir and NPH insulin on glucose metabolism assessed by 24-h euglycaemic clamp studies in healthy humans. Diabet Med 2010; 27:830-7. [PMID: 20636965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Two long-acting insulin analogues, insulin glargine and insulin detemir, have been developed as alternatives to neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, which has been the preferred basal insulin preparation for decades. The aim was to directly compare the pharmacodynamic properties of the long-acting insulin analogues and NPH insulin after a single subcutaneous injection. METHODS The study was conducted as a double-blind, controlled, three-arm, crossover study including 10 healthy lean male volunteers. On three different occasions, each subject was challenged with 0.4 U kg(-1) of either insulin glargine, insulin detemir or NPH insulin. Plasma glucose was maintained at 0.3 mmol l(-1) below fasting level by glucose clamping for 24 h. C-peptide, insulin, free fatty acids (FFAs) and counter regulatory hormones were measured throughout the clamp period, whereas endogenous glucose release (EGR) was assessed by isotope dilution technique (3-(3)H-glucose). RESULTS The mean glucose infusion rate (GIR)-time profiles revealed no significant differences between the three preparations in the primary endpoints: Maximal GIR of approximately 3.4 mg kg(-1) min(-1) (P = 0.68), time to maximal GIR of approximately 10 h (TR(max)) (P = 0.35) and area under the GIR curve (GIR(AUC)) (P = 0.81). Compared with the other insulin preparations, EGR (see above)was lower for insulin detemir at the beginning of the clamp period (330-360 min) (P = 0.007) while GIR was lower (P = 0.005) and FFA concentrations were higher (P = 0.005) during the last 4 h of the clamp. CONCLUSIONS In this experimental design, only minor pharmacodynamic differences were demonstrated between insulin detemir, insulin glargine and NPH insulin.
Collapse
|