Bose-Einstein correlations of charged pion pairs in Au + Au collisions at square root sNN = 200 GeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of identically charged pion pairs were measured by the PHENIX experiment at midrapidity in Au + Au collisions at square root s(NN)=200 GeV. The Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters were determined as a function of the transverse momentum of the pair and as a function of the centrality of the collision. Using the standard core-halo partial Coulomb fits, and a new parametrization which constrains the Coulomb fraction as determined from the unlike-sign pion correlation, the ratio R(out)/R(side) is within 0.8-1.1 for 0.25< <k(T)> <1.2 GeV/c. The centrality dependence of all radii is well described by a linear scaling in N(1/3)(part), and R(out)/R(side) for <k(T)> approximately 0.45 GeV/c is approximately constant at unity as a function of centrality.

Measurement of nonrandom event-by-event fluctuations of average transverse momentum in square root of (sNN)=200 GeV Au+Au and p+p collisions

Event-by-event fluctuations of the average transverse momentum of produced particles near midrapidity have been measured by the PHENIX Collaboration in square root of (sNN)=200 GeV Au+Au, and p+p collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The fluctuations are observed to be in excess of the expectation for statistically independent particle emission for all centralities. The excess fluctuations exhibit a dependence on both the centrality of the collision and on the pT range over which the average is calculated. Both the centrality and pT dependence can be well reproduced by a simulation of random particle production with the addition of contributions from hard-scattering processes.

Expression of the chicken peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ gene is influenced by aging, nutrition, and agonist administration

Peroxisome proliferatior-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a transcription factor that modulates lipid and glucose metabolism in mammals. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chicken PPARgamma is expressed in tissues in a similar manner to mammalian PPAR and whether it is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, particularly in the regulation of fat accumulation in adipose tissue and ovaries. In 30-wk-old chickens, PPARgamma mRNA was detected in most tissues that were examined. Of those tissues expressing chicken PPARgamma mRNA, the lowest expression levels were found in adipose tissue, the tissue that in mammals was shown to express the highest levels of PPARgamma mRNA. Chicken PPARgamma mRNA expression in abdominal adipose tissue tended to increase with age, as shown by higher expression levels at 6 wk than at 1 and 2 wk of age. With regard to nutritional modulation, PPARgamma mRNA levels in abdominal adipose tissue were significantly higher in broiler chickens fed for 7 d a diet containing 8% safflower oil (18:2-rich) or linseed oil (18:3-rich) compared with chickens fed a diet containing olive oil (18:1-rich). In contrast, feeding a 3% cholesterol-supplemented diet for 7 d resulted in no changes to adipose PPARgamma mRNA expression. In broiler chickens orally administered troglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, abdominal fat pad weight and PPARgamma and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA levels were significantly increased relative to those of control chickens. Levels of PPARgamma mRNA in liver, skeletal muscle, and ovaries were increased with the onset of egg laying, whereas in adipose tissue the level of PPARgamma mRNA was decreased. These findings suggest that PPARgamma plays an important role in the regulation of fat deposition and egg production and the characteristic pattern of PPARgamma mRNA expression may be indicative of specific differences in the lipid and glucose metabolism of chickens compared with mammals.

Expression of leptin in two-layered culture of gastric mucous cells and fibroblasts: effect of Helicobacter pylori attachment

BACKGROUND

Our recent histochemical studies have revealed an increase in myofibroblasts and in leptin and its receptor in endothelial cells, and myofibroblasts in Helicobacter pylori-infected human and Mongolian gerbil fundic mucosa.

AIM

The present study was undertaken to clarify the H. pylori-induced interaction between leptin in cultured gastric surface mucous cells and fibroblasts.

METHODS

GSM06 cells were incubated with an air- liquid interface on a collagen gel layer containing mouse fibroblast cell line L929. Medium containing H. pylori bacilli (ATCC43504) at 10-100 times higher concentration than the GSM06 cells was added from the luminal side and the localization of leptin was observed by immunohistochemistry. The transformation of L929 cells to myofibroblasts was detected by electron microscopy and PR 2D3 immunoreactivity.

RESULTS

L929 cells in the control group showed a spindle shape with scarce cytoplasm. In the H. pylori-treated group, L929 cells showed features characteristic of myofibroblasts, and most GSM06 and L929 cells showed leptin immunoreactivity. In contrast, L929 cells incubated with H. pylori alone did not undergo this differentiation.

CONCLUSIONS

Attachment of H. pylori to surface epithelial cells caused conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. We suggest that leptin plays a role in this transformation.

J/psi production from proton-proton collisions at square root of s=200 GeV

J/psi production has been measured in proton-proton collisions at square root of s=200 GeV over a wide rapidity and transverse momentum range by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Distributions of the rapidity and transverse momentum, along with measurements of the mean transverse momentum and total production cross section are presented and compared to available theoretical calculations. The total J/psi cross section is 4.0+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.6(syst)+/-0.4(abs) mu b. The mean transverse momentum is 1.80+/-0.23(stat)+/-0.16(syst) GeV/c.

Uptake and distribution of astaxanthin in several tissues and plasma lipoproteins in male broiler chickens fed a yeast (Phaffia rhodozyma) with a high concentration of astaxanthin

1. The experiments were conducted to evaluate astaxanthin (Ax) uptake in several tissues and plasma lipoproteins of male broiler chickens fed on Phaffia rhodozyma containing a high concentration of Ax. 2. Male broiler chicks (5 weeks of age) fasted for 16h were given 0 or 45 mg Ax as Phaffia rhodozyma through the crop and blood was collected over the following 24 h. Ax appeared in the plasma at 2 h after administration into the crop. Most (more than 70%) of the Ax was contained in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction in the plasma irrespective of blood sampling times and administration procedure of Ax. 3. Male broiler chicks (2 weeks of age) were fed on a diet containing 0, 50 or 100 mg/kg of yeast Ax for 2 weeks. Of the tissues examined, Ax concentration in the small intestine was highest, followed by subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, spleen, liver, heart, kidney and skin. The lowest concentration was in the muscles. Ax concentration in the small intestine, subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, liver and skin rose as dietary content increased, but this was not the case for the spleen, heart, kidney and muscles except for M. pecloralis superficialis. 4. Over 50% of Ax deposited in liver tissues was detected in the microsomal fraction and 15% was in the mitochondrial fraction. In muscles, both fractions of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum contained Ax.

Midrapidity neutral-pion production in proton-proton collisions at square root s = 200 GeV

The invariant differential cross section for inclusive neutral-pion production in p+p collisions at sqrt[s]=200 GeV has been measured at midrapidity (|eta|<0.35) over the range 1<p(T) less, similar 14 GeV/c by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Predictions of next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations are consistent with these measurements. The precision of our result is sufficient to differentiate between prevailing gluon-to-pion fragmentation functions.

Acid-sensing protective mechanisms of duodenum

The proximal duodenal mucosa, exposed to frequent pulses of gastric acid, is functionally "leaky", increasing the importance of defense mechanisms such as the mucus gel layer, cellular acid/base transporters, bicarbonate secretion, and mucosal blood flow. Our laboratory has used a unique in vitro perfused microscopic system to measure thickness of the adherent mucus gel (MGT), intracellular pH (pHi), bicarbonate secretion, and mucosal blood flow in anesthetized rats. Exposure to pulses of luminal acid, mimicking the rapid physiologic shifts of luminal pH, increases MGT and blood flow, and induces cellular bicarbonate loading, the latter followed by augmented bicarbonate secretion. The mechanism by which the epithelium senses luminal acid includes capsazepine-inhibitable vanilloid receptors, presumably similar to the vanilloid receptor TPVR-1. CFTR, the cAMP-regulated anion channel mutated in the disease cystic fibrosis, plays an essential role in duodenal bicarbonate secretion. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that cellular bicarbonate loading is an important means of preserving epithelial pHi during luminal acid challenge. Increased MGT may damp rapid shifts of luminal pH. Enhanced mucosal blood flow plays a significant role in the removal of back-diffusing acid. These neurally coordinated systems act coherently to defend the vulnerable duodenal epithelial cells from concentrated gastric acid.

Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at sqrt sNN =200 GeV

The anisotropy parameter (v(2)), the second harmonic of the azimuthal particle distribution, has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV for identified and inclusive charged particle production at central rapidities (|eta|<0.35) with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (|eta|=3-4 ). We observe that the v(2) of mesons falls below that of (anti)baryons for p(T)>2 GeV/c, in marked contrast to the predictions of a hydrodynamical model. A quark-coalescence model is also investigated.

Scaling properties of proton and antiproton production in sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV Au+Au collisions

We report on the yield of protons and antiprotons, as a function of centrality and transverse momentum, in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In central collisions at intermediate transverse momenta (1.5<p(T)<4.5 GeV/c) a significant fraction of all produced particles are protons and antiprotons. They show a centrality-scaling behavior different from that of pions. The pmacr;/pi and p/pi ratios are enhanced compared to peripheral Au+Au, p+p, and e(+)e(-) collisions. This enhancement is limited to p(T)<5 GeV/c as deduced from the ratio of charged hadrons to pi(0) measured in the range 1.5<p(T)<9 GeV/c.

Absence of suppression in particle production at large transverse momentum in sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV d+Au collisions

Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons with p(T)<8 GeV/c and neutral pions with p(T)<10 GeV/c have been measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at BNL RHIC in d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV. The measured yields are compared to those in p+p collisions at the same sqrt[s(NN)] scaled up by the number of underlying nucleon-nucleon collisions in d+Au. The yield ratio does not show the suppression observed in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Instead, there is a small enhancement in the yield of high momentum particles.

Suppressed pi(0) production at large transverse momentum in central Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV

Transverse momentum spectra of neutral pions in the range 1<p(T)<10 GeV/c have been measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at BNL RHIC in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV. The pi(0) multiplicity in central reactions is significantly below the yields measured at the same sqrt[s(NN)] in peripheral Au+Au and p+p reactions scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. For the most central bin, the suppression factor is approximately 2.5 at p(T)=2 GeV/c and increases to approximately 4-5 at p(T) approximately 4 GeV/c. At larger p(T), the suppression remains constant within errors. The deficit is already apparent in semiperipheral reactions and increases smoothly with centrality.

Interaction of leptin with gastric myofibroblast transdifferentiation in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils: the effect of rebamipide

BACKGROUND

Our recent histochemical studies have revealed the marked increase of myofibroblasts in the Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbil fundic mucosa, while the mediators, which facilitate the conversion of fibroblasts to the myofibroblasts have remained unknown.

AIM

The present study was undertaken to clarify the alteration of leptin in the control and H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbil stomach. The effector sites of rebamipide were also investigated in relation to leptin.

METHODS

The localization of leptin was investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence. Plasma leptin levels were determined by ELISA method. The localization of 3H-rebamipide binding sites was investigated by autoradiography.

RESULTS

Serum leptin content in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils was significantly increased. The presence of leptin immunoreactivity was recognized in the endothelial cells of the microcirculatory network and very weakly in the glandular cells in the control group, while in the H. pylori-infected group leptin was markedly recognized in the mesenchymal cells. Rebamipide bound to the fibroblasts and surface mucous cells and decreased the leptin immunoreactivity in the gastric mucosa.

CONCLUSIONS

Leptin was mostly found in the mesenchymal cells. Rebamipide administration brought about the decrease of leptin in the gastric mucosaof the H. pylori-infected gerbils.

Rebamipide binds to iNOS-positive cells in acetic acid-treated but not in ethanol-treated rat gastric mucosa

BACKGROUND

Rebamipide is a gastroprotective agent to stimulate prostaglandin generation in gastric mucosa and attenuate the activity of neutrophils, but direct evidence for the effector sites of this agent has remained to be clarified.

AIM

The present study was undertaken to show the effector sites of rebamipide in control and ulcer-provoked rats.

METHODS

The rats were divided into control, acetic acid- and ethanol-treated rats. In the acetic acid-treated group, 100% acetic acid was attached to the serosal surface of the stomach for 30 s, 7 days before the experiments. In the ethanol-treated group, a dose of 0.5 mL/100 g body weight of 50% ethanol was administered through orogastric intubation 2 h before the experiments. Using the unfixed cryostat sections, aqueous solution of 3H-rebamipide was applied and the localization of the binding sites of rebamipide was investigated by autoradiography.

RESULTS

In the control rats, rebamipide was found to bind to the surface epithelial cells. In the ethanol-treated group, few binding sites were observed in the damaged gastric mucosa. In the acetic acid-treated group, the marked accumulation of the binding sites of 3H-rebamipide was observed in the mesenchymal cells in the lamina propria mucosae between the regenerated gastric epithelial cells. Combination of autoradiography and immunohistochemistry has revealed that iNOS-immunoreactive cells had the strong binding of rebamipide in the acetic acid-treated group. Some of these cells were CD68-positive macrophages, while others were CD68-negative, corresponding to polymorphonuclear leucocytes. In the ethanol-treated acute gastric mucosal injury group, few binding sites were observed in the damaged gastric mucosa.

CONCLUSIONS

Autoradiography has made it clear that rebamipide binds to iNOS-positive cells in the gastric mucosa 7 days after acetic acid-treatment.

Flow measurements via two-particle azimuthal correlations in Au + Au collisions at sqrt [s(NN)]=130 GeV

Two-particle azimuthal correlation functions are presented for charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (sqrt [s(NN)]=130 GeV). The measurements permit determination of elliptic flow without event-by-event estimation of the reaction plane. The extracted elliptic flow values (v2) show significant sensitivity to both the collision centrality and the transverse momenta of emitted hadrons, suggesting rapid thermalization and relatively strong velocity fields. When scaled by the eccentricity of the collision zone epsilon, the scaled elliptic flow shows little or no dependence on centrality for charged hadrons with relatively low p(T). A breakdown of this epsilon scaling is observed for charged hadrons with pT >1.0 GeV/c.

Hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity is affected by chronic heat stress and dietary tyrosine in broiler chickens

1. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of high temperature and dietary tyrosine (Tyr) content on performance and activity of hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5.), an enzyme that catalyses the first step in the metabolic degradation of Tyr in broiler chickens. 2. Two-week-old birds were allocated to one of three temperature treatments: 24 degrees C (control), 36 degrees C (heat stress, HS) and 24 degrees C pair-fed (24PF) for 2 weeks and fed on diets containing 100% (Experiment 1) and 50, 100 and 200% (Experiment 2) of the NRC requirement for Tyr. 3. In Experiment 1, exposure of chickens to 36 degrees C for 2 weeks caused significant increase in hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity but no significant change in activity of hepatic phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.1) (an enzyme that catalyses conversion of phenylalanine to Tyr) compared with the 24PF birds. No significant changes attributable to heat stress were detected in hepatic glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1) activity. 4. In Experiment 2, heat stress caused reductions in weight gain and feed intake in chickens on all diets, compared with their control counterparts. Hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity was increased by heat stress compared with their 24PF counterparts in chickens fed on the 100 and 200% Tyr diets, while in chickens fed the 50% Tyr diet, it was reduced by heat stress. 5. From these results, it is suggested that hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity is affected by heat stress and dietary Tyr content and the increased tyrosine aminotransferase activity with, in part, relatively low phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in hepatic tissues may be involved in the Tyr metabolism characteristic of heat-stressed chickens.

Measurement of Lambda and Lambda(macro) particles in Au+Au collisions at the square root of S(NN) = 130 GeV

We present results on the measurement of Lambda and Lambda(macro) production in Au+Au collisions at square root of (S (NN) = 130 GeV with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The transverse momentum spectra were measured for minimum bias and for the 5% most central events. The Lambda;/Lambda ratios are constant as a function of p(T) and the number of participants. The measured net Lambda density is significantly larger than predicted by models based on hadronic strings (e.g., HIJING) but in approximate agreement with models which include the gluon-junction mechanism.

Net charge fluctuations in Au + Au interactions at sqrt[s(NN)]=130 GeV

Data from Au + Au interactions at sqrt[s(NN)]=130 GeV, obtained with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider, are used to investigate local net charge fluctuations among particles produced near midrapidity. According to recent suggestions, such fluctuations may carry information from the quark-gluon plasma. This analysis shows that the fluctuations are dominated by a stochastic distribution of particles, but are also sensitive to other effects, like global charge conservation and resonance decays.

Centrality dependence of pi(+/-), K(+/-), p, and (-)p production from sqrt[s(NN)] = 130 GeV Au + Au collisions at RHIC

Identified pi(+/-), K(+/-), p, and (-)p transverse momentum spectra at midrapidity in sqrt[s(NN)] = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions were measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC as a function of collision centrality. Average transverse momenta increase with the number of participating nucleons in a similar way for all particle species. Within errors, all midrapidity particle yields per participant are found to be increasing with the number of participating nucleons. There is an indication that K(+/-), p, and (-)p yields per participant increase faster than the pi(+/-) yields. In central collisions at high transverse momenta (p(T) > or =2 GeV/c), (-)p and p yields are comparable to the pi(+/-) yields.

Lipoprotein lipase mRNA expression in abdominal adipose tissue is little modified by age and nutritional state in broiler chickens

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-catalyzed hydrolysis of plasma lipoproteins is a rate-limiting step in the transport of lipids into the peripheral tissues of broiler chickens. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether LPL mRNA expression in adipose tissue is affected by age or nutritional treatments, with a view to reducing fat accumulation in broiler chickens. The study found that chicken LPL mRNA expression in abdominal adipose tissue did not differ significantly between chickens aged 4, 6, and 8 wk, but there was less expression of LPL mRNA in 2-wk-old chickens. In nutritional modulation, LPL mRNA levels in abdominal adipose tissues were not modified by 48-h feed deprivation or by subsequent refeeding for 48 h. In addition, expression of LPL mRNA was not significantly altered in chickens fed for 7 d on diets containing 8% olive oil (triolein rich), safflower oil (trilinolein rich), or linseed oil (trilinolenin rich). On the other hand, adipose LPL mRNA expression in chickens force-fed for 12 h with a trilinolenin (18:3) emulsion after 48-h feed deprivation was significantly decreased when compared to that in chickens force-fed with a triolein (18:1) or trilinolein (18:2) emulsion. Changes to LPL immunoreactive protein levels in chicken abdominal adipose tissues brought about by aging and nutritional manipulations were similar to those observed in relation to mRNA expression. These findings suggest that LPL mRNA expression in growing chickens is less responsive to aging and nutritional manipulation than in mammals, thereby indicating specificity of physiological response on broiler chicken LPL.

Transverse-mass dependence of two-pion correlations in Au+Au collisions at square root[s(NN)] = 130 GeV

Two-pion correlations in square root[s(NN)] = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC have been measured over a broad range of pair transverse momentum k(T) by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. The k(T) dependent transverse radii are similar to results from heavy-ion collisions at square root[s(NN)] = 4.1, 4.9, and 17.3 GeV, whereas the longitudinal radius increases monotonically with beam energy. The ratio of the outwards to sidewards transverse radii (R(out)/R(side)) is consistent with unity and independent of k(T).

Measurement of single electrons and implications for charm production in Au+Au collisions at square root[s(NN)] = 130 GeV

Transverse momentum spectra of electrons from Au+Au collisions at square root[s(NN)] = 130 GeV have been measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The spectra show an excess above the background from photon conversions and light hadron decays. The electron signal is consistent with that expected from semileptonic decays of charm. The yield of the electron signal dN(e)/dy for p(T) > 0.8 GeV/c is 0.025+/-0.004(stat)+/-0.010(syst) in central collisions, and the corresponding charm cross section is 380+/-60(stat)+/-200(syst) microb per binary nucleon-nucleon collision.

Persistent increase in myofibroblasts in Helicobacter heilmannii-infected mice but not in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils: colocalization of COX-2 and bFGF immunoreactivity

BACKGROUND

The clinical significance of Helicobacter heilmannii infection remains uncertain, owing to the lack of a specific detection method. Recently, we reported a marked increase in myofibroblasts in the early stage of Helicobacter pylori infection in Monglian gerbils.

AIM

The present study was designed to clarify changes in myofibroblasts, and in the immunoeactivities of basic fibroblast growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase after H. pylori infection in Monglian gerbils and H. heilmannii infection in mice.

METHODS

After oral inoculation, changes in the location of bacteria and the immunoreactivity of myofibroblasts, basic fibroblast growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were stained with the indirect immunofluorescent method and observed by confocal laser microscopy.

RESULTS

In H. heilmannii-infected mice, the increases in myofibroblasts and in immunoreactivities of these three markers were sustained 12 months after infection. In H. pylori-infected Monglian gerbils, however, these increases were significant at 3 months but had returned to control levels at 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Two types of Helicobacter infection showed different patterns of myofibroblast proliferation, coinciding with the extent of inflammation. These findings suggest that this difference may be related to the consequences of the infection.

Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers on early inflammatory responses in male broiler chickens

1. The influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomer (CLA, 0 and 10 g/kg) on the metabolic and physiological responses to immune stimulation induced by a single injection of Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or repeated injections of LPS and Sephadex G-50 was determined in male broiler chicks. 2. In experiment 1, 10-d-old chicks were fed on experimental diets for 14 d and half of the birds fed on each diet were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (1.5 mg/kg body weight). In experiment 2,7-d-old chicks were fed on experimental diets for 18 d. Immune stimulation was started at 19 d old and continued for 5 d. Half of the birds fed on each diet were injected intraperitoneally with 0.25 mg/kg body weight of LPS at 19, 21 and 23 d of age, and with 250 mg/kg body weight of Sephadex at 20 and 22 d of age to stimulate the immune system. 3. In experiment 1, giving CLA prevented an increase in blood heterophil to lymphocyte ratio 7 h after a single injection of LPS, and increases in plasma ceruloplasmin and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) 24 h after the injection, but not 7 h after the injection. CLA also prevented a decrease in food intake for 24 h after LPS injection. 4. In experiment 2, the CLA diet partially prevented reductions in body weight gain and weight gain to feed intake ratio caused by repeated injections of LPS and Sephadex. Feeding CLA prevented increases in plasma ceruloplasmin and AGP at 24 d of age caused by repeated injections of LPS and Sephadex, but not at 20 d of age. 5. These results suggest that feeding CLA alleviates some undesirable metabolic and physiological changes induced by immunological stimulation in male broiler chicks.

Suppression of hadrons with large transverse momentum in central Au+Au collisions at root square[s(NN)] = 130 GeV

Transverse momentum spectra for charged hadrons and for neutral pions in the range 1 GeV/c<p(T)<5 GeV/c have been measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in Au+Au collisions at root square[s(NN)] = 130 GeV. At high p(T) the spectra from peripheral nuclear collisions are consistent with scaling the spectra from p+p collisions by the average number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The spectra from central collisions are significantly suppressed when compared to the binary-scaled p+p expectation, and also when compared to similarly binary-scaled peripheral collisions, indicating a novel nuclear-medium effect in central nuclear collisions at RHIC energies.