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Qu X, Zhao X, Liu Y, Wang N, Zhang L, Zhu X, Dong Q, Liu J, Shi Y. The clinicopathological characteristics of early-onset gastric cancer and its evolutionary trends: a retrospective study. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2757-2769. [PMID: 35812046 PMCID: PMC9251691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gastric cancer (GC) is most common in the elderly population, the rate of early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC) is increasing each year. In this study, the clinicopathological information of 9,406 patients who underwent GC resection in our institution from 2000 to 2019 was collected. We compared the clinicopathological characteristics between the EOGC group, in which patients were younger than 40, and the control group, summarizing the evolutionary trends of the EOGC group's characteristics. Then, we focused on the characteristics of EOGC in different sex groups and the evolutionary trends of female EOGC patients' clinicopathological characteristics. The results showed that a greater proportion of the EOGC group was female (47.32% vs. 23.53%), had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (84.78% vs. 64.11%), gastric antrum cancer (59.38% vs. 50.72%) and signet ring cell carcinoma (21.13% vs. 8.51%). Over the past 20 years, the proportion of EOGC patients with T4 stage (10.71% to 41.74%), N3 stage (0 to 30.73%) and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (70.37% to 92.23%) has increased. In the female EOGC group, there were more patients with stage III-IV disease (57.23% vs. 43.22%), T4 stage (35.85% vs. 22.60%), and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (91.88% vs. 78.68%). Additionally, the proportions of T4 stage (16.13% to 50.50%), N3 stage (0% to 31.68%), and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (69.23% to 98.97%) gradually increased. In conclusion, our study not only identified unique clinicopathological characteristics of EOGC but also revealed the evolutionary trends of these indicators, which may provide some theoretical basis for the prevention and diagnosis of EOGC.
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Xing P, Zheng X, Wang Y, Chu T, Wang S, Jiang J, Qian J, Han X, Ding L, Wang Y, Cui L, Li H, Li L, Chen X, Han B, Hu P, Shi Y. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of BPI-15086 in patients with EGFR T790M-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a phase I, single-arm, multicenter study. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100473. [PMID: 35526510 PMCID: PMC9271465 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance frequently occurs in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR Thr790Met mutation (T790M+) is seen in ∼50% of patients. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of BPI-15086, a novel, ATP-competitive, irreversible, third-generation, mutation-selective EGFR-TKI in patients with EGFR T790M-mutated NSCLC. Patients and methods This two-center, phase I, dose-escalation study included patients who were 18-65 years old, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2, with histologically or cytologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic T790M+ NSCLC who were not surgical or radiotherapy candidates, and had imaging-identified disease progression after prior EGFR-TKIs. This dose-escalation study enrolled patients using a 3 + 3 study design. Patients received 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/day orally in 21-day cycles. The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and PK. Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). The dose-expansion study was not conducted. Results We enrolled 17 patients from 29 December 2016 to 16 May 2018, in the safety and full analysis sets. All patients completed a single dosing trial, and no adverse events (AEs) causing drug discontinuation were seen. Grade 1-2 nausea, hypoalbuminemia, and decreased appetite were the most common treatment-related AEs. Grade 3 hyperglycemia was seen in one patient dosed at 300 mg/day. The ORR and DCR were 17.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8% to 43.4%] and 47.1% (95% CI 23.0% to 72.2%), respectively. Conclusion BPI-15086 is a safe and tolerable third-generation EGFR-TKI with a rationale for further clinical studies. BPI-15086 is safe and has partial effectiveness in patients with advanced T790M+ NSCLC after previous EGFR-TKI therapy. A different safety profile for BPI-15086 compared with other third-generation EGFR-TKIs. The modest efficacy in this study is still deemed important and should be added to the literature of third-generation TKIs.
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Dong X, Shi Y, Xia Y, Zhang X, Qian J, Zhao JL, Peng J, Wang Q, Weng L, LI M, Du B, Zeng X. POS1368 DIVERSITY OF HEMODYNAMIC TYPES IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE ASSOCIATED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: MORE THAN A SUBGROUP OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundConnective tissue disease (CTD) associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) is classified as a subgroup of WHO group 1 PH, also called pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, not all CTD-PH fit the hemodynamic definition of PAH. This study investigates the diversity of hemodynamical types of CTD-PH, their different clinical characteristics and outcomes.ObjectivesThis study investigates the diversity of hemodynamical types of CTD-PH, their different clinical characteristics and outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study. CTD-PH patients underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) were enrolled and divided into WHO group1 PH, WHO group 2 PH and high output PH (PVR<3WU and PAWP<15mmHg) according to hemodynamic features. Patients with obvious lung diseases, left heart disease and pulmonary embolism were excluded. Baseline characteristics, inflammatory markers, autoantibodies, cardiac function status, echocardiogram parameters, hemodynamics and survival rates were compared.Results207 CTD-PH patients were included, including 139 in WHO group 1 PH, 36 in WHO group 2 PH and 32 in high output PH. Incidence of anti-ribonucleoprotein antibody was lower in WHO Group 2 PH. High output PH is less severe, presenting lower NT-proBNP level, better WHO functional class, lower mPAP and PVR, higher cardiac output, and less cardiac remodeling. Among patients with elevated PAWP, combine pre& post-capillary PH had higher mPAP and larger right ventricle diameter. Association of mild to moderate interstitial lung disease didn’t show significant difference in disease characteristics. Short-term survival was significantly worse in WHO group 2 PH, yet 5-year survival rates didn’t differ between groups.ConclusionPre-capillary PH is not the only hemodynamic type of CTD-PH. Different types of CTD-PH present different clinical phenotypes and outcome. Carefully phenotyping PH in CTD-PH patients is important.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Shi Y, Zhao J, Zeng X. AB0542 ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY CARRIERS WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA COULD BE AN INDEPENDENT PHENOTYPE OF PRIMARY ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAmong patients with immune thrombocytopenic (ITP), 10-20% of them were found with positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) but without typical clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), especially thrombotic events1.ObjectivesTo compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis between aPLs carriers and patients with APS.MethodsThis is a single center prospective cohort study consecutively enrolling thrombocytopenic patients with continuous positive aPLs. Patients developing thrombotic events are classified as the APS group. The exclusion criteria are other underlying connective tissue diseases such as lupus and other causes that might manifest as thrombocytopenia, such as virus infection, hypersplenism, etc.ResultsThis cohort included 47 thrombocytopenic patients with continuous positive aPLs and 55 with diagnosed primary APS. The proportion of thrombotic high risk demographic characteristics including smoking, hypertension, and higher level of homocysteine are higher in the APS group (p = 0.03, 0.04, 0.03, respectively). The prevalence of nephropathy was significantly higher in patients with diagnosed APS [0 vs 7 (12.7%), p =0.01]. Laboratory results and antibody profiles are presented in Table 1. The platelet count of aPLs carriers at admission was lower than APS patients [26×109/L (9×109/L, 46×109/L) vs 64×109/L (24×109/L, 89×109/L), p = 0.0002]. The proportion of positive anti-β2-glycoprotein I, anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant separately was similar, but triple aPLs positivity is more common in primary APS patients with thrombocytopenia [24 (51.1%) vs 40 (72.7%), p = 0.04]. There is no significant differences over the complement levels between the two groups [p = 0.2 for low complement 3 (C3), p = 0.8 for low C4]. Regarding the treatment response, the complete response (CR) rate is similar between aPLs carriers and primary APS patients with thrombocytopenia (p = 0.2). Nonetheless, the proportion of response, no response and relapse differed significantly between the two groups [13 (27.7%) vs 4 (7.3%), p < 0.0001; 5 (10.6%) vs 8 (14.5%), p < 0.0001; 5 (10.6%) vs 8 (14.5%), p < 0.0001, respectively]. In Kaplan-Meier analysis (Figure 1), primary APS patients had significantly more thrombotic events than aPLs carriers (p = 0.0006). aPLs carriers with thrombocytopenia share similar clinical manifestations with primary APS patients but hardly develop thrombotic events.Figure 1.Kaplan-Meier analysis of thrombotic events.aPLs: antiphospholipid antibodies; PAPS: primary antiphospholipid syndrome.Table 1.Baseline characteristics of laboratory results and antibody profiles.CharacteristicsaPLs carriers (n=47)Primary APS with thrombocytopenia (n=55)p-valueLaboratory results, median (Q1, Q3)Platelet count (×109/L)26 (9,46)64 (24, 89)0.0002*hsCRP (mg/L)1.39 (0.475, 2.845)1.08(0.41, 2.565)0.8ESR (mm/h)5.5 (2.75, 10.75)7.5 (5, 14.25)0.06LDH (U/L)221 (176, 252)228 (184.8, 282)0.3Low C3, n (%)3 (6.4)9 (16.4)0.2Low C4, n (%)5 (10.6)8 (14.5)0.8Antibody profiles, n (%)Positive aCL45 (95.7)33 (69.1)0.3Positive Anti-β2GP I38 (80.9)48 (87.3)0.5Positive LA35 (74.5)50 (90.9)0.05Triple positivity24 (51.1)40 (72.7)0.04*Positive Coombs,6 (12.8)10 (18.2)0.4*p < 0.05, statistically significant. aPLs: antiphospholipid antibodies; APS: antisphopholipid syndrome; Q1/3: quantile 1/3; hsCRP: hypersensitive C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; C3/4: complement 3/4; aCL: anticardiolipin; GP: glycoprotein; LA: lupus anticoagulant.ConclusionIn the absence of other high risk factor for thrombosis, Thrombocytopenia could be an independent and long-lasting clinical phenotype for aPLs carriers.References[1]Bidot CJ, Jy W, Horstman LL, Ahn ER, Yaniz M, Ahn YS. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Am J Hematol. Jun 2006;81(6):391-6.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Zhao D, Lyu XM, Chen P, Shi Y, Huang MW, Zheng L, Zhao WH, Ma XL, Zhang JG. [Efficacy and prognostic analysis of 125I brathytherapy combined with chemotherapy for pediatric parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2022; 102:1500-1505. [PMID: 35692064 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210831-01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the efficacy and prognostic factors in children with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma (PMRMS) treated by 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 33 pediatric patients treated with 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy in Peking University Stomatological Hospital from July 2013 to October 2018 was carried out to analyze the efficacy and prognostic factors. Results: Among the 33 patients, 19 were males and 14 were females; the median age was 4 years old (1-12 years old). There were 17 cases with embryonic type, 9 cases with alveolar type, and 7 with undifferentiated type; 26 cases with original PMRMS, and 7 cases with recurrent PMRMS. The tumors occurred in subtemporal-mastoid area in 15 patients, while nasopalatine-paranasal area in 6 cases, and parapharyngeal-submandibular area in 12 cases. There were 28 patients in IRS Ⅲ, and 5 patients in IRS Ⅳ. As for the risk level, 28 cases were in the middle-risk group and 5 cases in the high-risk group. The median follow-up time was 52 months. The 1, 3, and 5-year local control rates were 87.9%, 58.6%, and 49.9%, and the 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates were 93.8%, 60.5%, and 47.5%, respectively. The 5-year local control rate and 5-year survival rate of 12 patients with the tumor in the parapharyngeal-submandibular area were 91.7% and 100%, respectively. The 5-year local control rate and 5-year survival rate of the 6 patients with tumor in the nasopalatine-paranasal area were both 83.3%. The 3-year local control rate and 3-year survival rate of the 15 patients with tumor in the subtemporal-mastoid area were 17.5% and 21.4%. The multivariate survival analysis using Cox proportional risk regression model showed that the tumor located in the subtemporal-mastoid area was an independent risk factor affecting the 5-year overall survival rate (HR=38.40, 95%CI: 4.87-302.52, P=0.001). Within 3 months after 125I seed implantation, the incidence of acute radiotherapy adverse reactions in all patients was 84.8% (28/33). Twenty-one patients (63.6%) had a grade 1 acute radiotherapy reaction, and 7 cases (21.2%) had a grade 2 acute radiotherapy reaction. No acute radiotherapy adverse reactions of grade 3 or 4 occurred. Three months after 125I seed implantation, the adverse reactions were significantly alleviated, and no adverse reactions of grade 3 or above such as skin ulcer or salivary gland fibrosis occurred, and no serious cranio-maxillofacial deformities occurred. Conclusions: 125I seed brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy has a definite clinical effect in the treatment of children with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma. The prognosis of rhabdomyosarcoma in the parapharyngeal-submandibular area and nasopalatine-paranasal area is better than that in the subtemporal-mastoid area.
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Wan J, Zhang Y, He W, Tian Z, Lin J, Liu Z, Li Y, Chen M, Han S, Liang J, Shi Y, Wang X, Zhou L, Cao Y, Liu J, Wu K. Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Changes in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Clostridioides difficile Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:802823. [PMID: 35756051 PMCID: PMC9231613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.802823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at an increased risk of developing Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), which in turn leads to poor outcomes. The gut microbial structure and metabolites in patients with UC and CDI have been scarcely studied. We hypothesized that CDI changes the gut microbiota and metabolites of patients with UC. Materials and Methods This study included 89 patients: 30 healthy controls (HC group), 29 with UC alone (UCN group), and 30 with UC and CDI (UCP group). None of the participants has been exposed to antibiotic treatments during the 3 months before stool collection. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3–V4 region and gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results The UCN group displayed lower diversity and richness in gut microbiota and a higher relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria than the HC group. There were no significant differences between the UCN and UCP groups in the α-diversity indices. The UCP group contained a higher relative abundance of the genera Clostridium sensu stricto, Clostridium XI, Aggregatibacter, and Haemophilus, and a lower relative abundance of genera Clostridium XIVb and Citrobacter than the UCN group. In the UCP group, the increased metabolites included putrescine, maltose, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybutyrate, and aminomalonic acid. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that these increased metabolites negatively correlated with Clostridium XlVb and positively correlated with the four enriched genera. However, the correlations between hemoglobin and metabolites were contrary to the correlations between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and metabolites. Conclusion Our study identified 11 differential genera and 16 perturbed metabolites in patients with UC and CDI compared to those with UC alone. These findings may guide the design of research on potential mechanisms and specific treatments for CDI in patients with UC.
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Song Y, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurements of Proton High-Order Cumulants in sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV Au+Au Collisions and Implications for the QCD Critical Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:202303. [PMID: 35657878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.202303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report cumulants of the proton multiplicity distribution from dedicated fixed-target Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment in the kinematic acceptance of rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (p_{T}) within -0.5<y<0 and 0.4<p_{T}<2.0 GeV/c. In the most central 0%-5% collisions, a proton cumulant ratio is measured to be C_{4}/C_{2}=-0.85±0.09 (stat)±0.82 (syst), which is 2σ below the Poisson baseline with respect to both the statistical and systematic uncertainties. The hadronic transport UrQMD model reproduces our C_{4}/C_{2} in the measured acceptance. Compared to higher energy results and the transport model calculations, the suppression in C_{4}/C_{2} is consistent with fluctuations driven by baryon number conservation and indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions. These data imply that the QCD critical region, if created in heavy-ion collisions, could only exist at energies higher than 3 GeV.
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbaek F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurements of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H Lifetimes and Yields in Au+Au Collisions in the High Baryon Density Region. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:202301. [PMID: 35657899 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report precision measurements of hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H lifetimes obtained from Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0 GeV and 7.2 GeV collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, and the first measurement of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H midrapidity yields in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0 GeV. _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H, being the two simplest bound states composed of hyperons and nucleons, are cornerstones in the field of hypernuclear physics. Their lifetimes are measured to be 221±15(stat)±19(syst) ps for _{Λ}^{3}H and 218±6(stat)±13(syst) ps for _{Λ}^{4}H. The p_{T}-integrated yields of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H are presented in different centrality and rapidity intervals. It is observed that the shape of the rapidity distribution of _{Λ}^{4}H is different for 0%-10% and 10%-50% centrality collisions. Thermal model calculations, using the canonical ensemble for strangeness, describes the _{Λ}^{3}H yield well, while underestimating the _{Λ}^{4}H yield. Transport models, combining baryonic mean-field and coalescence (jam) or utilizing dynamical cluster formation via baryonic interactions (phqmd) for light nuclei and hypernuclei production, approximately describe the measured _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H yields. Our measurements provide means to precisely assess our understanding of the fundamental baryonic interactions with strange quarks, which can impact our understanding of more complicated systems involving hyperons, such as the interior of neutron stars or exotic hypernuclei.
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Zhu D, Li X, Ma J, Zeng J, Gan S, Dong X, Yang J, Lin X, Cai H, Song W, Li X, Zhang K, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Bu R, Shao H, Wang G, Yuan G, Ran X, Liao L, Zhao W, Li P, Sun L, Shi L, Jiang Z, Xue Y, Jiang H, Li Q, Li Z, Fu M, Liang Z, Guo L, Liu M, Xu C, Li W, Yu X, Qin G, Yang Z, Su B, Zeng L, Geng H, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang W, Chen L. Dorzagliatin in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:965-973. [PMID: 35551294 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Improving glucose sensitivity remains an unmet medical need in treating type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dorzagliatin is a dual-acting, orally bioavailable glucokinase activator that enhances glucokinase activity in a glucose-dependent manner, improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and demonstrates effects on glycemic control in patients with T2D. We report the findings of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dorzagliatin in patients with T2D. Eligible drug-naïve patients with T2D (n = 463) were randomly assigned to the dorzagliatin or placebo group at a ratio of 2:1 for 24 weeks of double-blind treatment, followed by 28 weeks of open-label treatment with dorzagliatin for all patients. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in glycated hemoglobin from baseline to week 24. Safety was assessed throughout the trial. At week 24, the least-squares mean change in glycated hemoglobin from baseline (95% confidence interval) was -1.07% (-1.19%, -0.95%) in the dorzagliatin group and -0.50% (-0.68%, -0.32%) in the placebo group (estimated treatment difference, -0.57%; 95% confidence interval: -0.79%, -0.36%; P < 0.001). The incidence of adverse events was similar between the two groups. There were no severe hypoglycemia events or drug-related serious adverse events in the dorzagliatin group. In summary, dorzagliatin improved glycemic control in drug-naïve patients with T2D and showed a good tolerability and safety profile.
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Zheng H, Shi Y, Bi L, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Shao C, Cui D, Cheng X, Tang R, Pan H, Wu Z, Fu B. Dual Functions of MDP Monomer with De- and Remineralizing Ability. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1172-1180. [PMID: 35450492 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221088214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) has been speculated to induce mineralization, but there has been no convincing evidence of its ability to induce intrafibrillar mineralization. Polymers play a critical role in biomimetic mineralization as stabilizers/inducers of amorphous precursors. Hence, MDP-induced biomimetic mineralization without polymer additives has not been fully verified or elucidated. By combining 3-dimensional stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, surface zeta potentials, contact angle measurements, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with circular dichroism, we show that amphiphilic MDP can not only demineralize dentin by releasing protons as an acidic functional monomer but also infiltrate collagen fibrils (including dentin collagen), unwind the triple helical structure by breaking hydrogen bonds, and finally immobilize within collagen. MDP-bound collagen functions as a huge collagenous phosphoprotein (HCPP), in contrast to chemical phosphorylation modifications. HCPP can induce biomimetic mineralization itself without polymer additives by alternatively attracting calcium and phosphate through electrostatic attraction. Therefore, we herein propose the dual functions of amphiphilic MDP monomer with de- and remineralizing ability. MDP in the free state can demineralize dentin substrates by releasing protons, whereas MDP in the collagen-bound state as HCPP can induce intrafibrillar mineralization. The dual functions of MDP monomer with de- and remineralization properties might create a new epoch in adhesive dentistry and preventive dentistry.
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Shi Y, Chen G, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Lin L. 31P Efficacy and safety of utidelone in treatment-refractory advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kikoła DP, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin A, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman N, Mallick D, Manukhov SL, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Paul A, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sharma R, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Song Y, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Probing the Gluonic Structure of the Deuteron with J/ψ Photoproduction in d+Au Ultraperipheral Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:122303. [PMID: 35394314 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding gluon density distributions and how they are modified in nuclei are among the most important goals in nuclear physics. In recent years, diffractive vector meson production measured in ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) at heavy-ion colliders has provided a new tool for probing the gluon density. In this Letter, we report the first measurement of J/ψ photoproduction off the deuteron in UPCs at the center-of-mass energy sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV in d+Au collisions. The differential cross section as a function of momentum transfer -t is measured. In addition, data with a neutron tagged in the deuteron-going zero-degree calorimeter is investigated for the first time, which is found to be consistent with the expectation of incoherent diffractive scattering at low momentum transfer. Theoretical predictions based on the color glass condensate saturation model and the leading twist approximation nuclear shadowing model are compared with the data quantitatively. A better agreement with the saturation model has been observed. With the current measurement, the results are found to be directly sensitive to the gluon density distribution of the deuteron and the deuteron breakup process, which provides insights into the nuclear gluonic structure.
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Du K, Huang J, Guan H, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Shi Y. Teacher-to-parent communication and vision care-seeking behaviour among primary school students. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:152-160. [PMID: 35332875 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the associations between teacher-to-parent communication and vision care-seeking behaviour among students. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 19 934 students from 252 primary schools in two prefectures in western China. Information regarding the sampled students was collected through questionnaires and vision examinations. Eligible students with uncorrected refractive error were allocated to four groups according to whether and how parents were informed about vision problems in their children: uninformed, informed by only teachers or only students, or informed by both. The relationship between teacher-to-parent communication and vision care-seeking behaviour was analysed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Among valid responses (n=2922) analysed, 42.3% (n=1235) of parents were not informed about vision problems in their children. Teacher-to-parent communication enabled 35.9% (n=1050) of parents to learn about vision problems in their children. When only teachers informed parents, the odds of students having refraction examinations (odds ratio [OR]=1.499; P=0.002) and spectacles ownership (OR=1.755; P=0.002) were significantly higher than for students in the uninformed group. When both students and teachers informed parents, the odds of students having refraction examinations (OR=5.565; P<0.001) and spectacles ownership (OR=7.935; P<0.001) were highest. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of vision problems is an essential step in vision care for students. Teacherto- parent communication concerning vision problems is positively associated with the rate of vision care-seeking behaviour. Teacher-to-parent communication provides an important route for parents to learn about vision problems in their children.
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Zhang L, Wang N, Chen M, Wu S, Zeng J, Zhou F, Wu Q, Liu J, Shi Y. HDAC6/FOXP3/HNF4α axis promotes bile acids induced gastric intestinal metaplasia. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1409-1422. [PMID: 35411233 PMCID: PMC8984877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile reflux is one of the main causes of gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) which is an important precancerous lesion. Our previous study has shown that ectopic expression of Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) promotes the activation of intestinal markers in bile acids (BA) induced gastric IM cells; however, the mechanism underlying how HDAC6-mediated epigenetic modifications regulate intestinal markers is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the downstream targets of HDAC6 and the underlying mechanism in the process of BA induced gastric IM. We demonstrated that deoxycholic acid (DCA) upregulated HDAC6 in gastric cells, which further inhibited the transcription of Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3). Then, FOXP3 transcriptionally inhibited Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), which further inhibits the expression of downstream intestinal markers. These molecules have been shown to be clinically relevant, as FOXP3 levels were negatively correlated with HDAC6 and HNF4α in IM tissues. Transgenic mice experiments confirmed that HNF4α overexpression combined with DCA treatment induced gastric mucosa to secrete intestinal mucus and caused an abnormal mucosal structure. Our findings suggest that HDAC6 reduces FOXP3 through epigenetic modification, thus forming a closed loop HDAC6/FOXP3/HNF4α to promote gastric IM. Inhibition of HDAC6 may be a potential approach to prevent gastric IM in patients with bile reflux.
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Shi Y, Cai YP, Li YC, Zhang BW, Chen WB, Zhang J, Li J. [Association between short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and the risk of heart failure hospitalization]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2022; 56:328-333. [PMID: 35381654 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210322-00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the association between short-term exposure level of nitrogen dioxide and the hospitalization risk of heart failure. Methods: Based on China-PEACE Retrospective Heart Failure Study, 117 364 hospitalized patients with heart failure were recruited from 92 hospitals in 62 cities throughout China between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015. The daily exposure level of nitrogen dioxide, temperature, and humidity in the same cities during the same period were also collected. We applied the generalized additive model and Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify the lagged effect and cumulative effect of short-term (0-3 days) exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide on the hospitalization risk of heart failure. We further conducted stratified analyses by age, region, and season to identify any difference in the associations between short-term nitrogen dioxide exposure and heart failure among subgroups. Results: The mean age for participants in the analysis was (70.32±12.22) years. The median, minimum and maximum of daily nitrogen dioxide concentration in 62 cities from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 was 26.4 μg/m3, 2.33 μg/m3 and 150.25 μg/m3, respectively. The exposure level of nitrogen dioxide at the same day was associated with the hospitalization risk of heart failure (OR=1.022, 95%CI: 1.012, 1.031). Significant effects were also observed in the moving average concentrations from lag 0-1 to lag 0-3 day (OR=1.020, 95%CI: 1.009, 1.030; OR=1.016, 95%CI: 1.004, 1.028; OR=1.013, 95%CI: 1.001, 1.026). Moreover, all of the associations between short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and the risk of heart failure hospitalization were statistically significant, with no significant difference in all subgroups stratified by age, region, and season. Conclusion: A higher level of short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide could trigger more hospitalizations with heart failure.
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Abdallah MS, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Butterworth J, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo X, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Majka R, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen D, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect via Charge-Dependent Azimuthal Correlations Relative to Spectator and Participant Planes in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:092301. [PMID: 35302834 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) refers to charge separation along a strong magnetic field due to imbalanced chirality of quarks in local parity and charge-parity violating domains in quantum chromodynamics. The experimental measurement of the charge separation is made difficult by the presence of a major background from elliptic azimuthal anisotropy. This background and the CME signal have different sensitivities to the spectator and participant planes, and could thus be determined by measurements with respect to these planes. We report such measurements in Au+Au collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. It is found that the charge separation, with the flow background removed, is consistent with zero in peripheral (large impact parameter) collisions. Some indication of finite CME signals is seen in midcentral (intermediate impact parameter) collisions. Significant residual background effects may, however, still be present.
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Tang W, Lv Q, Huang X, Li Y, Zou J, Zheng J, Sun L, Bao Y, Chen H, Li T, Zhang B, Xue S, Song Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Cai J, Shi Y. MiR-143 Targets IGF-1R to Suppress Autoimmunity in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1543-1554. [PMID: 35256853 PMCID: PMC8898058 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s339483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune disease that involves the remodeling of orbit and periorbital tissues. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) may stimulate the activation of autoimmunity in TAO, but the exact mechanism is unclear. We investigated whether IGF-1R/TSHR modulation in TAO may involve microRNA regulation. Methods We conducted microarray analysis using RNA from the orbital connective tissue samples of 3 healthy and 3 patients with TAO. The involvement of differentially regulated microRNA in IGF-1R/TSHR modulation in TAO was evaluated in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) and female BALB/c mice. Results Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified that miR-143 was downregulated in TAO. The expression levels of miR-143 in OFs were significantly reduced under IL-1B stimulation. However, OF proliferation and inflammatory responses decreased when miR-143 is overexpressed. In contrast, the suppression of miR-143 increased levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, MCP1) and hyaluronan accumulation. Moreover, overexpression of miR-143 significantly lowers levels of IGF-1R and TSHR. A luciferase assay indicated that miR-143 targets the 3′-UTR of IGF-1R. Increases in the expression of IGF-1R increased the expression of the inflammasome marker NLRP3 and apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-1; however, miR-143 overexpression decreased levels of IGF-1R, TSHR, NLRP3, cleaved caspase 1, IL-1B, and IL-18. In a mouse model of TAO, overexpression of miR-143 significantly reduced levels of IGF-1R and attenuated the adipogenesis associated with TAO. Conclusion We found that miR-143 directly targets IGF-1R to alleviate the inflammatory response in TAO by indirectly decreasing levels of TSHR and inactivating NLRP3.
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Ye XS, Lin X, Liu JJ, Shi Y, Qian F, Yu PW, Zhao YL. [Comparison of clinical efficacy and quality of life between uncut Roux-en-Y and Billroth II with Braun anastomosis in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer]. ZHONGHUA WEI CHANG WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY 2022; 25:166-172. [PMID: 35176829 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20210702-00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy and quality of life between uncut Roux-en-Y and Billroth II with Braun anastomosis in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed. Inclusion criteria: (1) 18 to 75 years old; (2) gastric cancer proved by preoperative gastroscopy, CT and pathological results and tumor was suitable for D2 radical distal gastrectomy; (3) postoperative pathological diagnosis stage was T1-4aN0-3M0 (according to the AJCC-7th TNM tumor stage), and the margin was negative; (4) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) physical status score <2 points, and American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 1 to 3; (5) no mental illness; (6) able to answer questionnaires independently; (7) patients agreed to undergo laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and signed an informed consent. Exclusion criteria: (1) patients with severe chronic diseases and American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade >3; (2) patients with other malignant tumors; (3) patients suffered from serious mental diseases; (4) patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy. According to the above criteria, clinical data of 200 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy at the Department of General Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected. Of the 200 patients, 108 underwent uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis and 92 underwent Billroth II with Braun anastomosis. The general data, intraoperative and postoperative conditions, complications, and endoscopic evaluation 1 year after the surgery were compared. Besides, the quality of life of two groups was also compared using the Chinese version of the European Organization For Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and quality of life questionnaire-stomach 22 (QLQ-STO22). Results: There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups (all P>0.05). All the 200 patients successfully underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy without intraoperative complications, conversion to open surgery or perioperative death. There were no significant differences between two groups in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, time to flatus, time to removal of gastric tube, time to liquid diet, time to removal of drainage tube or length of postoperative hospital stay (all P>0.05). Endoscopic evaluation was conducted 1 year after surgery. Compared to Billroth II with Braun group, the uncut Roux-en-Y group had a significantly lower incidences of gastric stasis [19.8% (17/86) vs. 37.0% (27/73), χ(2)=11.199, P=0.024], gastritis [11.6% (10/86) vs. 34.2% (25/73), χ(2)=20.892, P<0.001] and bile reflux [1.2% (1/86) vs. 28.8% (21/73), χ(2)=25.237, P<0.001], and the differences were statistically significant. The EORTC questionnaire was performed 1 year after surgery, there were no significant differences in the scores of QLQ-C30 scale between the two groups (all P>0.05), while the scores of QLQ-STO22 showed that, compared to the Billroth II with Braun group, the uncut Roux-en-Y group had a lower pain score (median: 8.3 vs. 16.7, Z=-2.342, P=0.019) and reflux score (median: 0 vs 5.6, Z=-2.284, P=0.022), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05), indicating milder symptoms. Conclusion: The uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis is safe and reliable in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, which can reduce the incidences of gastric stasis, gastritis and bile reflux, and improve the quality of life of patients after surgery.
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Liang WY, Shi Y, Sun WK. [Progress of metagenomics next-generation sequencing in the detection of drug-resistant phenotypes of Gram-negative bacteria]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 2022; 45:209-213. [PMID: 35135091 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210705-00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing spread of drug-resistant bacterial infections poses a significant threat to public health, and early diagnosis and targeted treatment are the keys to successful treatment. Traditional bacterial culture and drug susceptibility testing is time-consuming and insensitive, and cannot meet the needs of clinical diagnosis and treatment, so molecular detection technologies, such as metagenomics next-generation sequencing, have become a new research direction. This article reviewed recent advances in high-throughput sequencing for the diagnosis and treatment of drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.
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He Y, Shi Y. [Interpretation of guideline for neonatal infection: antibiotics for prevention and treatment]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2022; 60:84-87. [PMID: 35090222 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20211025-00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Shi Y, Zhang M, Chen L, Zhao T. A DESIGN OF A RAPID CYCLING MEDICAL SYNCHROTRON FOR FLASH PROTON THERAPY. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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ZHOU H, Shi Y, Ding X. POS-406 Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) deficiency ameliorates AKI to CKD progression via promoting alternative activation of macrophages. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Liu Z, Liu X, Liang J, Shi Y, Chen M. Unusual cause of bloody stool with earache and saddle-nose deformity. Gut 2022; 71:264-356. [PMID: 33004547 PMCID: PMC8761992 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Jiang B, Shi Y, Abou MB, Xu L, Liang G, Wei H. Effects of chronic intranasal dantrolene on nasal mucosa morphology in mice. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 26:198-203. [PMID: 35048995 PMCID: PMC9338757 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202201_27768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that the intranasal administration of dantrolene ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. This study examines the morphology of the nasal mucosa after 10 months of intranasal dantrolene in 5XFAD mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS 5XFAD mice were either treated with intranasal dantrolene (5 mg/kg, 3 times/wk) from 2 months to 12 months of age or given no treatment at all. The mice were euthanatized at 12 months of age and the snouts were processed for histological examination. The morphology of the nasal mucosa was assessed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the thickness of the olfactory epithelium or the proportion of the thickness of the glandular layer to the wall of mucosa and submucosa in the nasal passages. CONCLUSIONS Long-term intranasal administration of dantrolene did not significantly change the nasal mucosa morphology in 5XFAD mice.
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Liu HB, Li QY, Zhang XD, Shi Y, Li JY. The neuroprotective effects of Galectin-1 on Parkinson's Disease via regulation of Nrf2 expression. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 26:623-636. [PMID: 35113438 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202201_27889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is expressed in the central nervous system. Our study sought to explore the neuroprotective effect of Gal-1 in 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl pyridine ion (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro, pretreated with Gal-1, and then exposed to MPP+. Thereafter, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells was investigated. The effects of Gal-1 on DNA breakage, cell damage (release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), viability, and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells were examined by comet assay, LDH assay, WST-1 assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Additionally, the regulatory effect of Gal-1 on Nrf2 expression was examined by western blot. Zebrafish embryos were pretreated with Gal-1 and then exposed to MPP+. The locomotor ability of zebrafish larvae was then investigated. RESULTS MPP+ induced the production of ROS in cells, which can be alleviated by pretreatment with Gal-1. Gal-1 protected cells from MPP+-induced cytotoxicity by preventing DNA breakage and cell injury. Gal-1 inhibited apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. The neuroprotective effect of Gal-1 could be abolished when Nrf2 expression knockdown. Moreover, exposure to MPP+ decreased the locomotor activity of zebrafish, which was attenuated by pretreatment with Gal-1. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the administration of Gal-1 could protect neurons from cellular stress by preventing apoptosis and eliminating ROS. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of Gal-1 in neuronal cells could be related to the activation of Nrf2 expression. Therefore, Gal-1 could be a promising strategy for treating PD.
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