2651
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Hu H, Dong D, Tang E, Zhang M, Cao Y. Antigenic analysis of coxsackievirus B3 with monoclonal antibodies. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1993; 46:87-93. [PMID: 8271477 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.46.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
All the 16 mouse monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) raised against Nancy strain of coxsackievirus B3, CoxB3(N), were type 3-specific. The reactivity of CoxB3(N) to this McAb panel during the serial passages showed a variation. Three field isolates of CoxB3, all neutralizable with the reference Anti-CoxB3 hyperimmune serum, were checked for the reactivities with the McAb panel. The isolates from the patients in Fujiang reacted with 12 McAbs and variably with the remaining four McAbs. On the basis of the reactivities with different virus strains, the McAbs were found to fall into four groups possibly corresponding to at least four epitopes. A considerable antigenic variation of CoxB3 was thus suggested.
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2652
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Zhang M. [An experimental observation of effect of tetrandrine on pulmonary dysfunction in rabbit model of smoke inhalation injury]. ZHONGHUA ZHENG XING SHAO SHANG WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA ZHENG XING SHAO SHANG WAIKF [I.E. WAIKE] ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY AND BURNS 1993; 9:121-3, 160. [PMID: 8221305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A rabbit model with severe smoke inhalation injury was adopted to observe the effect of tetrandrine, a calcium antagonist, on pulmonary dysfunction after smoke inhalation during 24 hours post injury. It was found that tetrandrine could decrease the permeability of pulmonary and tracheal vascular permeability (p < 0.01), reduce lung edema and improve the function of respiration. These results imply that tetrandrine might be used in the treatment of inhalation injury.
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2653
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Zhu YS, Kane J, Zhang XY, Zhang M, Tipper DJ. Role of the gamma component of preprotoxin in expression of the yeast K1 killer phenotype. Yeast 1993; 9:251-66. [PMID: 8488726 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
K1 killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae secrete a polypeptide toxin to which they are themselves immune. The alpha and beta components of toxin comprise residues 45-147 and 234-316 of the 316-residue K1 preprotoxin. The intervening 86-residue segment is called gamma. A 26-residue signal peptide is removed on entry into the endoplasmic reticulum. The Kex2 protease excises the toxin components from the 290-residue glycosylated protoxin in a late Golgi compartment. Expression of a cDNA copy of the preprotoxin gene confers the complete K1 killer phenotype on sensitive cells. We now show that expression of immunity requires the alpha component and the N-terminal 31 residues of gamma. An additional C-terminal extension, either eight residues of gamma or three of four unrelated peptides, is also required. Expression of preprotoxin terminating at the alpha C-terminus, or lacking the gamma N-terminal half of gamma causes profound but reversible growth inhibition. Inhibition is suppressed in cis by the same 31 residues of gamma required for immunity to exocellular toxin in trans, but not by the presence of beta. Both immunity and growth inhibition are alleviated by insertions in alpha that inactivate toxin. Inhibition is not suppressed by kex2, chc1 or kre1 mutations, by growth at higher pH or temperature, or by normal K1 immunity. Inhibition, therefore, probably does not involve processing of the alpha toxin component at its N-terminus or release from the cell and binding to glucan receptors. Some insertion and substitution mutations in gamma severely reduce toxin secretion without affecting immunity. They are presumed to affect protoxin folding in the endoplasmic reticulum and translocation to the Golgi.
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2654
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Wang YT, Zhang M, Neuman RS, Bieger D. Somatostatin regulates excitatory amino acid receptor-mediated fast excitatory postsynaptic potential components in vagal motoneurons. Neuroscience 1993; 53:7-9. [PMID: 8097021 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90279-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin is considered to be a brain neurotransmitter/neuromodulator; however, there is little concrete information on how this peptide contributes to generation of synaptic potentials in the mammalian central nervous tissue. Recently, a well-defined somatostatin-containing pathway has been traced from the subnucleus centralis of the solitarial complex to the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus. Moreover, we have demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro that somatostatin enhances glutamate but inhibits acetylcholine excitation of ambigual motoneurons, suggesting involvement of this peptide in central oesophagomotor transmission. The availability of a brainstem slice containing this pathway has allowed us to characterize an excitatory amino acid receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential in compact formation neurons. This excitatory postsynaptic potential is unusual because its rising phase involves activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Here we report that somatostatin participates in ambigual excitatory postsynaptic potential generation by permitting expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated component, thereby regulating fast information transfer in this pathway.
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2655
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Zhang M, Lei Y, Li L. [Studies on a radioligand-receptor binding assay of human chorionic gonadotropin in rat testis]. HUA XI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF WEST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUAXI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO 1993; 24:36-9. [PMID: 8340089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A radioligand-receptor binding assay for human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) has been established with cell membranes preparation of rat testis. Partially purified cell membranes preparation was prepared from rat testis by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifuge. The binding assay was performed by incubating 125I-HCG with rat testis cell membranes preparation at 30 degrees C for 1.5 h in a total incubation volume of 0.5 ml. Scatchard plot analysis for the binding assay revealed a linear binding plot and yielded a bound capacity of testis cell membranes receptors of 0.36 x 10(-12) mol/micrograms protein. KD of 0.45 x 10(-10) mol/L. Hill coefficient was 0.976. Studies on the kinetics of the reaction of radioligand-receptor binding showed that the mean values for the association rate (k1) and dissociation constants (k2) were individually 0.41 x 10(-3) pmol/min and 2.12 x 10(-3) pmol/min; the dissociation plot was two-phase, with 15 x 10(-3) pmol/min of fast-phase and 1.5 x 10(-3) pmol/min of slow-phase.
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2656
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Franzen JS, Zhang M, Peebles CL. Kinetic analysis of the 5' splice junction hydrolysis of a group II intron promoted by domain 5. Nucleic Acids Res 1993; 21:627-34. [PMID: 8382803 PMCID: PMC309162 DOI: 10.1093/nar/21.3.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5' splice junction (5'SJ) of Group II intron transcripts is subject to a specific hydrolysis reaction (SJH). This reaction occurs either within a single transcript containing intron sequences through domain 5 (D5) or by cooperation of two separate transcripts, one bearing the 5'SJ and another contributing D5 (1). In this report we describe the latter reaction in terms of its kinetic parameters. A minimal D5 RNA of 36 nts (GGD5) was sufficient to promote SJH of a second transcript containing the 5' exon plus intron domains 1, 2, and 3 (E1:123). Equimolar production of two RNAs, the 5' exon (E1) and an intron fragment containing domains 1, 2, and 3 (123) was observed. The kinetic coefficients were evaluated by an excess GGD5 approach. The apparent Km was complex, varying with GGD5 concentration. This behavior indicates heterogeneity in E1:123 with respect to GGD5 binding. The binding heterogeneity may result from formation of E1:123 dimers or from nicks in some molecules of each E1:123 preparation. The heterogeneity was always evident, but to a variable degree, regardless of the procedure by which E1:123 was isolated. The system may be described in terms of parameters analogous to kcat and Km. At infinite dilution of GGD5, the characterizing values were: k2 degrees (the analog of kcat) = 0.0055 min-1 and Km degrees = 0.22 microM. In the limit of GGD5 saturation, the values were: k2 infinity = 0.012 min-1 and Km infinity = 4.5 microM. A natural variant D5, representing the sequence from intron 1 of the yeast cytochrome-b gene, was also functional in SJH. This GGD5b1 was governed by similar Km degrees and Km infinity values, but was only one-third as active over the entire D5 concentration range. A different D5 isomer was entirely ineffective for SJH.
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2657
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Schleicher RL, Zheng M, Zhang M. Immunocytochemical localization and endogenous synthesis of apolipoprotein E in testicular Leydig cells. Biol Reprod 1993; 48:313-24. [PMID: 8439620 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod48.2.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is synthesized by a wide variety of tissues, including those involved in steroidogenesis; its function in most extrahepatic tissues is unknown. Significant amounts of apoE mRNA have been detected in the testis, but the cellular origin of this material has not yet been determined. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the steroidogenic cells of the testis synthesize apoE. We localized apoE in the testis of mice by an avidin-biotin peroxidase technique using a cross-reactive anti-rat apoE antibody. ApoE immunoreactivity was strongest in interstitial cells but was also diffusely localized throughout the seminiferous tubules. Acute treatment of mice with hCG diminished apoE immunoreactivity in the testis. A murine Leydig tumor cell line (I-10 cells) also demonstrated apoE immunoreactivity, suggesting that at least one source of interstitial apoE is the Leydig cell. Normal Leydig cells were subsequently isolated from control and hCG-treated mice using Percoll density gradients. Isolated hepatocytes, I-10 cells, and Leydig cells (with or without hCG in vitro) were incubated in the presence of [35S]methionine. A 35S-labeled protein of approximately 33-35 kDa was immunoprecipitated from the cells and media of all three types of preparations using whole antiserum or affinity-purified antibody. Preincubating the antibodies with apoE-containing murine very low-density lipoprotein or purified rat apoE eliminated these bands. Leydig cell apoE synthesis and secretion were decreased by hCG treatment in vivo and/or in vitro. These data suggest that apoE is synthesized by normal and transformed Leydig cells and may play a role in sterol transport in the testis.
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2658
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Hill LR, Klauber MR, Salmon DP, Yu ES, Liu WT, Zhang M, Katzman R. Functional status, education, and the diagnosis of dementia in the Shanghai survey. Neurology 1993; 43:138-45. [PMID: 8423878 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.43.1_part_1.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the relationship of culturally adapted Chinese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMS) and several functional measures to the effect of education on the clinical diagnosis of dementia in 554 subjects (55 to 95 years; median, 74) who had undergone intensive evaluation during the Shanghai survey of dementia. Low education was associated with increased prevalence of clinically diagnosed dementia. The standardized history and one functional scale (Pfeffer Outpatient Disability Scale [POD]) clustered closely with clinical diagnosis on factor analysis, whereas the CMMS, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL), and Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL) loaded additionally onto an education-weighted component. A logistic equation based on the CMMS, history, POD, and IADL was the best predictor of the clinical diagnosis of dementia, but history, POD, and IADL without a mental status score also predicted the diagnosis with a sensitivity of 88.6%, a specificity of 89.3%, a positive predictive value of 66.0%, and a negative predictive value of 97.1%. When dementia was diagnosed using an algorithm based on the three functional scales alone, low education continued to be associated with increased age-specific risk of dementia.
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2659
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Chen C, Mao J, Zhang M, Dai J. Combination of DNA single strand synthesis with PCR to construct mung bean trypsin inhibitor gene. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 1993; 9:63-70. [PMID: 8155841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper using the synthesis of mung bean trypsin inhibitor gene as an example, presented a new method for gene synthesis. The principle of the method was based on the combination of the single strand strategy and the PCR technique. The synthesis was very simple, convenient and rapid. The mung bean trypsin inhibitor is a protein composed of 72 amino acid residues. Its amino acid sequence has been determined, but the DNA sequence of gene still unknown. The synthetic mung bean trypsin inhibitor gene was 248 bp in length. It contains the encoded sequence, the start and stop codons, the restriction sites of EcoRI and BamHI at both ends, The codon selection of the synthetic gene was carried out according to the codon usage of other plant protease inhibitor gene or plant gene. The synthetic double-stranded DNA was digested with EcoRI and BamHI or PstI first, then cloned into plasmid pUC19. The synthetic gene was proved to be correct by the restriction map and the sequence analysis using the dideoxy-mediated chain termination method.
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2660
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Stillman JA, Zwislocki JJ, Zhang M, Cefaratti LK. Intensity just-noticeable differences at equal-loudness levels in normal and pathological ears. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 1993; 93:425-434. [PMID: 8423259 DOI: 10.1121/1.405622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between loudness level and intensity discrimination was investigated in the frequency range 0.5-6.5 kHz by comparing the intensity just-noticeable differences (jnd's) at a number of equal-loudness levels in the better and poorer ears of eight individuals with essentially unilateral hearing loss of cochlear origin. Such hearing loss usually produces loudness recruitment, altering the relationships among the loudness, sound-pressure level (SPL), and sensation-level (SL) variables, so that their effects can be separated. In these experiments, the jnd's were correlated with loudness level, not SPL or SL. Although, in some listeners, there were significant differences between jnd's in the two ears at some binaurally equal-loudness levels, they were not systematic over the group of listeners. Statistically, there was no significant difference between equal-loudness jnd's in the two ears, whereas the corresponding SLs and SPLs were significantly different. The rate of loudness growth had no effect on the jnd's. As expected from the near-miss to Weber's law, the mean jnd's decreased with sound intensity. The corresponding decrease in the mean Weber fraction, delta I/I, was accompanied by a decrement in its intrasubject standard deviation. The latter was correlated with the mean, independent of its relationship to SPL or SL.
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2661
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Espinosa de los Monteros A, Zhang M, De Vellis J. O2A progenitor cells transplanted into the neonatal rat brain develop into oligodendrocytes but not astrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:50-4. [PMID: 8419944 PMCID: PMC45597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of the bipotential O2A progenitor cell into an oligodendrocyte or a type 2 astrocyte has been well documented in cell cultures of various regions of the central nervous system. The appropriate tools to prove its existence in vivo have been lacking. We report on an in vitro-in vivo approach that combines stable labeling of an enriched population of cultured O2A progenitors by the fluorescent dye fast blue, followed by their transplantation into neonatal rat brains, which allowed us to study the influence of the brain microenvironment on their lineage decision. The grafted cells survived well and 21 days after grafting nearly all were positive for the oligodendroglial marker galactocerebroside. Surprisingly, the fast blue-positive grafted cells did not stain for the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. These results indicate that the O2A progenitor's plasticity is restricted by the in vivo environment, resulting in the developmental exclusion of the type 2 astrocyte initially described in vitro.
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2662
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Stoyer MA, Henry EA, Akovali YA, Becker JA, Bingham CR, Breitenbach J, Carter HK, Hoff RW, Jarrio M, Joshi P, Kormicki J, Kuhnert A, Mantica PF, Wang TF, Wood JL, Zhang M. Search for population of superdeformed states in 194Pb using 194Bi beta + decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1993; 47:76-86. [PMID: 9968413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.47.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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2663
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Ge Z, Zhang Y, Fan D, Zhang M, Duran CM. Simultaneous measurement of left atrial pressure by Doppler echocardiography and catheterization. Int J Cardiol 1992; 37:243-51. [PMID: 1452383 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5273(92)90215-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous, continuous wave Doppler echocardiography, left ventricular systolic and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measurements were performed during cardiac catheterization in 54 patients with mitral regurgitation. Doppler-derived left atrial pressure, which was calculated by subtracting mitral regurgitant gradient from brachial artery systolic pressure, correlated well with mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by catheter (r = 0.933, SEE = 2.9 mmHg, P < 0.001); a comparison between non-invasive and invasive systolic gradients across the mitral valve yielded a high correlation (r = 0.91, SEE = 6.0 mmHg, P < 0.001); and there was also a high correlation between brachial artery and left ventricular systolic pressures (r = 0.93, SEE = 4.9 mmHg, P < 0.01). It is concluded that Doppler echocardiography provides a reliable and accurate method for complete non-invasive assessment of left atrial pressure in patients with mitral regurgitation.
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2664
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Zhang M, Zamore PD, Carmo-Fonseca M, Lamond AI, Green MR. Cloning and intracellular localization of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor small subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:8769-73. [PMID: 1388271 PMCID: PMC50002 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.18.8769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor (U2AF), an essential mammalian splicing factor, is composed of two subunits: a 65-kDa protein (U2AF65), which binds the pre-mRNA polypyrimidine tract and is required for in vitro splicing, and an associated 35-kDa protein (U2AF35). Here we report the isolation of a cDNA encoding U2AF35. U2AF35 contains sequence motifs found in several mammalian pre-mRNA splicing factors. We show directly that U2AF65 and U2AF35 interact with each other and delineate the regions of both proteins that mediate this interaction. Using anti-peptide antibodies against U2AF35, we show that the protein has the intracellular distribution characteristic of U2AF65. Both U2AF65 and U2AF35 are concentrated in a small number of nuclear foci corresponding to coiled bodies, subnuclear organelles first identified by light microscopy in 1903.
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2665
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Simpson JA, Anglin JD, Balogh A, Burrows JR, Cowley SW, Ferrando P, Heber B, Hynds RJ, Kunow H, Marsden RG, McKibben RB, Müller-Mellin R, Page DE, Raviart A, Sanderson TR, Staines K, Wenzel KP, Wilson MD, Zhang M. Energetic Charged-Particle Phenomena in the Jovian Magnetosphere: First Results from the Ulysses COSPIN Collaboration. Science 1992; 257:1543-50. [PMID: 17776166 DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5076.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Ulysses spacecraft made the first exploration of the region of Jupiter's magnetosphere at high Jovigraphic latitudes ( approximately 37 degrees south) on the dusk side and reached higher magnetic latitudes ( approximately 49 degrees north) on the day side than any previous mission to Jupiter. The cosmic and solar particle investigations (COSPIN) instrumentation achieved a remarkably well integrated set of observations of energetic charged particles in the energy ranges of approximately 1 to 170 megaelectron volts for electrons and 0.3 to 20 megaelectron volts for protons and heavier nuclei. The new findings include (i) an apparent polar cap region in the northern hemisphere in which energetic charged particles following Jovian magnetic field lines may have direct access to the interplanetary medium, (ii) high-energy electron bursts (rise times </= 1 minute and energies extending to > approximately 17 megaelectron volts) on the dusk side that are apparently associated with field-aligned currents and radio burst emissions, (iii) persistence of the global 10-hour relativistic electron "clock" phenomenon throughout Jupiter's magnetosphere, (iv) on the basis of charged-particle measurements, apparent dragging of magnetic field lines at large radii in the dusk sector toward the tail, and (v) consistent outflow of megaelectron volt electrons and large-scale departures from corotation for nucleons.
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2666
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Zhang M. [Doppler echocardiography for measuring the right ventricular diastolic function]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 1992; 72:550-2, 574. [PMID: 1338520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To noninvasively measure the right ventricular diastolic function, continuous wave Doppler echocardiography was used in 31 patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR). The right ventricular pressure (RVP) curves were analyzed mathematically, showing that RVP declined exponentially after maximum-dP/dt. The instantaneous RVPs during isovolumetric relaxation were measured from RVP curves and also calculated by using exponential equations. There were high correlations between measured and calculated RVPs (r = 0.83-0.98). The tricuspid regurgitant velocities were recorded by CWD and converted into pressure gradients (PG) using a simplified Bornoulli equation. The instantaneous RVPs were then obtained by adding an assumed right atrial pressure to PGs. The maximum-dP/dt, the instantaneous RVP at the time of -dP/dt max (PO) and the time constant of right ventricular relaxation (T) were calculated from both RVP curves and Doppler spectra. The results showed that there were high correlations of -dP/dt max, PO and T measured by two techniques (r = 0.95, 0.98 and 0.92). We conclude that T can be used to quantitate right ventricular myocardial relaxation, and CWD offers a new technique for noninvasively measuring T in patients with TR.
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2667
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Wu Y, Yao C, Wu Z, Zhang R, Zhang M, Wu G, Zhao D, Hong Z. Interim report of Sino-Monica-Beijing for the years 1985-1989. CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL = CHUNG-KUO I HSUEH K'O HSUEH TSA CHIH 1992; 7:125-9. [PMID: 1286179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interim results of Sino-Monica-Beijing for the 5 year period 1985-1989 are reported. The cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors increased between the surveys carried out in 1984-1985 and 1988-1989, especially blood cholesterol and body mass index.
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2668
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Zhuang J, Zhang M, Zeng Z, Xu F, Han T, Hu S, Sun Y. [The use of 6-flavor Rehmannia decoction with additives in the prevention of ototoxic deafness induced by gentamicin in guinea pigs]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1992; 17:496-9, inside backcover. [PMID: 1482540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to discuss the effects of the Chinese medicine six-flavor Rehmannia Decoction with additives on preventing deafness induced by gentamicin (GM) in guinea pig by means of testing the thresholds of Preyer's reflex (PR) cochlear microphonic potential (CM), action potential of the auditory nerve (N1) and scanning electron microscope of inner ear (SEM). The results showed that the medicine is effective in reducing the ototoxic effect of GM on inner ear.
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2669
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Zhang M, Wu SY, Huang HY, Zhu BQ, Zhang XG, Hau GQ, Han YM, Lei JZ, Lei Q, Zhao HP. [Effect of IUD on microcirculation in rabbit uterine endometrium]. SHENG ZHI YU BI YUN = REPRODUCTION AND CONTRACEPTION 1992; 12:44-7. [PMID: 12317565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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2670
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Zhang JG, Zhong LF, Zhang M, Xia YX. Protection effects of procaine on oxidative stress and toxicities of renal cortical slices from rats caused by cisplatin in vitro. Arch Toxicol 1992; 66:354-8. [PMID: 1610298 DOI: 10.1007/bf01973631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of rat renal cortical slices with 2 mM cisplatin (CDDP) at 37 degrees C for different periods of time (15-180 min) increased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH), and inhibited gluconeogenesis in the slices. CDDP-induced MDA formation increased by 53% after 180 min of incubation and GSH decreased by 35% after 60 min of incubation. Both depletion of GSH and inhibition of gluconeogenesis preceded MDA formation. Procaine (2 mM) completely inhibited CDDP-induced lipid peroxidation without affecting depletion of GSH, but even potentiated gluconeogenesis inhibition, while 2 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) largely reversed all of these biochemical indices. After 240 min of incubation, 2 mM CDDP produced marked cytotoxicities, characterized by an increase in leakage of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (132%), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (115%) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) (157%), decrease in intracellular K+ (64%), and change in total water contents in the slices. Procaine (2 mM) showed protection against CDDP-induced cytotoxicities to a certain extent. These results suggest that depletion of GSH might be a determinant step in the oxidative stress and subsequent cytotoxicity, and that procaine is a powerful antioxidant and would be a promising drug for ameliorating some of the adverse effects of CDDP.
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2671
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Chen SH, Zhang M, Scott CR. Gene frequencies of alcohol dehydrogenase2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase2 in Northwest Coast Amerindians. Hum Genet 1992; 89:351-2. [PMID: 1601427 DOI: 10.1007/bf00220558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The frequencies of the alleles encoding isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase were low in Northwest Coast Amerindians compared to Chinese subjects.
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2672
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Yan N, Zhang M, Ni P. A study of the stability of W/O/W multiple emulsions. J Microencapsul 1992; 9:143-51. [PMID: 1593397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The stability of W/O/W emulsions has been studied in batch agitators. The surfactants suitable for W/O/W emulsions were screened and the factors affecting the emulsion stability were also studied. Results showed that polyamine E644 was an excellent emulsifier for W/O emulsions since the emulsion stabilized by it has not only good stability but also shows smaller swelling. The stability of the emulsion increases with increase in membrane viscosity and concentration of surfactant, but decreases with increase in concentration of the internal reagent in the internal phase and the carriers in the membrane. Raising the agitation speed and the time for preparing the W/O emulsion is beneficial to membrane stability due to formation of smaller internal droplets, but raising the speed for dispersing the W/O emulsion in the external phase results in an increase in membrane breakage.
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2673
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Zhu Z, Shen Y, Zhang M, Chen G, Ma S. [Pharmacological study on spleen-stomach warming and analgesic actions of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1992; 17:238-41, inside backcover. [PMID: 1418555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an observation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Aconitum carmichaeli decoction on water-immersion stress induced gastric ulcer in mice and 0.6 mol/L HCl induced gastric ulcer in rats. The observation showed that the decoction was resistant to the castor oil induced and Cassia angustifolia leaf induced experimental diarrhea in mice, and also had marked analgesic action. It is thus suggested that Aconitum carmichaeli is useful clinically as a spleen-stomach warming and analgesic agent in traditional Chinese medicine.
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2674
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Lu YD, Zhang M, McCabe BF. Tube-perilymph fistula. An experimental study. Chin Med J (Engl) 1992; 105:302-5. [PMID: 1618012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Before exploratory tympanotomy, it is difficult to diagnose an idiopathic perilymph fistula (PLF) because of its variable presentations. An animal model tube-PLF on guinea pigs was established to evaluate the change of the sensitivity of the cochlea function and the value of the postural audiometry in PLF. A fine polyethylene tube (O.D. 0.6mm) was inserted into the scala tympani of the basal turn through the incised round window membrane in 10 experimental guinea pigs, and another 5 as controls. The hearing threshold (HT), action potential (AP) latency for stimulus of 105 dB SPL, difference of HT and AP latency from the test ear down to up were measured by electrocochleography (ECoG) immediately after operation and one week later. The HT, AP latency and postural audiometry showed no significant changes immediately but a significant difference one week later in HT (P less than 0.01) and postural audiometry, the AP latency also presented a significant delay (P less than 0.01). The results showed that the tube-PLF model may be a valuable method for studying chronic PLF.
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2675
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Shahar A, Reuveny S, Zhang M, Espinosa de los Monteros A, de Vellis J, Shainberg A. Differentiation of myoblasts and CNS cells grown either separately or as co-cultures on microcarriers. Cytotechnology 1992; 9:107-15. [PMID: 1369162 DOI: 10.1007/bf02521737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersed neuronal and muscular elements from fetal or neonatal origin, can organize and mature in culture when grown on positively charged cylindrical microcarriers (MCS), to a stage which simulate in vivo maturation. Cells arrange themselves on the MCS to form aggregates which remain floating in the nutrient medium. In such a tridimensional organization, the neuronal tissue is capable of regenerating a network of nerve fibers which establish synapse interconnections and undergo myelination. Oligodendrocytes organize on MCS in a tridimensional pattern and produce extensive myelin-like membranes. Myoblasts in MC-cultures fuse into polynucleated myotubes which become striated and contract spontaneously. Creatine kinase and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are formed during myogenesis in similar quantities in MC-cultures and in monolayers. When both neuronal and muscle tissues are prepared from the same fetus (autologous nerve-muscle co-cultures) and are cultured on MCS, they interconnect to form neuro-muscular junctions. Cells from both tissues, exhibit better differentiation, for longer periods in MC-cultures than they do in monolayers. The floating functional entities are easy to sample and can be harvested for ultrastructural, immunocytochemical and biochemical analysis. In addition, MC-cultures can be used as a good tool for the study of acute and chronic exposures to toxicological agents, as well as for implantation into demyelinated, injured or dystrophic tissues. In this case the MCS in the implanted entities will serve as identifiable markers.
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2676
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Ying R, Zhang M, Han Y, Wang G, Chen K, Cai Y. Computer 3-dimensional reconstruction of intraglandular lymph vessels and ductal systems of the human submandibular gland. ACTA ANATOMICA 1992; 144:175-7. [PMID: 1514376 DOI: 10.1159/000147303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Computer three-dimensional reconstruction of serial sections is currently an active area of research. In this paper we combine computer graphics, image processing and biomedical techniques to reconstruct a stereo model of intraglandular lymphatic vessels, veins, arteries and ducts from serial microsections of the human submandibular gland.
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2677
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Chen D, Román GC, Wu GX, Wu ZS, Yao CH, Zhang M, Hirsch RP. Stroke in China (Sino-MONICA-Beijing study) 1984-1986. Neuroepidemiology 1992; 11:15-23. [PMID: 1608490 DOI: 10.1159/000110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here the results of the Sino-MONICA-Beijing stroke study based on 700,000 Beijing residents in 1984-1986. To compare incidence rates for stroke with other communities and countries, we adopted the criteria of the WHO Collaborative Study of 17 centers which used the same definition and methodology as was used in this study. Over the 3-year period of the study, 2,593 stroke events were registered in the 25- to 74-year age-group. The incidence rate for all strokes was 189.5/100,000 and the incidence rate for first strokes was 133.6/100,000. Men had a significantly higher incidence rate than women (all strokes 219.7/100,000 for male vs. 160.5/100,000 for female, OR = 1.32, 99% limits 1.19-1.46; first strokes 151.6/100,000 for male vs. 116.4/100,000 for female, OR = 1.25, 99% limits 1.11-1.42). In comparison with other studies, age-adjusted incidence rate of stroke in Beijing was higher than in other countries, especially for hemorrhagic stroke. The proportion of hemorrhagic stroke related to other types of stroke was also higher in Beijing. Further analysis of the cases confirmed by computerized tomography also supported this finding. Unlike the incidence rates, the 4-week case fatality rate for women, 39.5%, was higher than for men, 32.8%. This finding was confirmed by a multiple logistic analysis controlling for age (p less than 0.001) and for previous stroke (p less than 0.001). The adjusted sex difference is also significant (OR = 1.37, p less than 0.001). In addition, results showed that men had a higher hospitalization rate than women. More women than men were treated at home, possibly indicating better medical care for men.
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2678
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Bi W, Hayes RB, Feng P, Qi Y, You X, Zhen J, Zhang M, Qu B, Fu Z, Chen M. Mortality and incidence of bladder cancer in benzidine-exposed workers in China. Am J Ind Med 1992; 21:481-9. [PMID: 1580253 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700210404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined bladder cancer mortality and incidence to 1981 in 1,972 workers employed in benzidine-exposed jobs in Tianjin, Shanghai, and Jilin, China, between 1972 and 1977, and in 1,974 unexposed workers employed during the same time period. In comparison to general population rates, in the benzidine-exposed group the ratio of observed to expected deaths (SMR) was 17.5 (95% C.I.: 7.5-34.5) and the ratio of observed to expected incident cases (SIR) was 25.0 (95% C.I.: 16.9-35.7). No excess was noted in the unexposed group. The 25-fold increase in bladder cancer incidence in the exposed group was related to level of exposure, with the SIR rising from 4.8 for low exposure to 36.2 for medium exposure, and 158.4 for high exposure. Risks were elevated both for producers of benzidine (SIR = 45.7; 95% C.I.: 20.9-86.8) and for users (SIR = 20.9; 95% C.I.: 12.9-32.0) of benzidine dyes. Benzidine-exposed workers who smoked tobacco had a 31-fold risk (95% C.I.: 20.4-46.4), while non-smoking workers had an 11-fold risk (95% C.I.: 3.6-25.8), suggestive of a multiplicative relationship between these two carcinogens.
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2679
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Zhang M. [Clinical pharmacokinetics of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP)]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 1992; 14:67-9. [PMID: 1396051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the pharmacokinetics of DDP in 9 cancer patients who received iv infusion of DDP (100-120 mg/m2). Platinum concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma clearance of platinum was biphasic. There was a short initial phase with a half life of 19.8 min and a long second phase with a half life of 41.13 hours. A small peak was noted in 5 hours after the end of DDP infusion in about 50% of patients. This suggested tissue reabsorption, release and entero-hepatic circulation. Plasma ultrafiltrable platinum concentration fell with a half life of 21 min. Nearly 75-96% of the platinum in the plasma was protein bound 24 minutes after DDP infusion. The urinary excretion of platinum was found to be 9.52-21.35% in 24 hours with 6.69-19.57% eliminated within the first three hours.
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2680
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Zhou XD, Tang ZY, Yu YQ, Ma ZC, Xu DB, Bao YM, Yang R, Zhang M, Zhou M. Hepatic artery ligation and infusion chemotherapy for unresectable primary liver cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 1991; 104:846-50. [PMID: 1661226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the period of 1958-1989, 356 patients with pathologically proven primary liver cancer (PLC) were determined by laparotomy to be unresectable. Of the 356 patients, 51 (14.3%) were of subclinical stage, 287 (80.6%) of moderate stage and 18 (5.1%) of late stage. The association of liver cirrhosis was present in 310 patients (87.1%). Treatment modalities in 356 patients were divided into 4 groups: hepatic artery ligation (HAL) (51), hepatic artery infusion (HAI) of chemotherapeutic agents (114), HAL + HAI (117), and HAL + HAI + radiotherapy (74). The 5-year survival rate was zero in the 4 groups in the period of 1958-1977. During 1978-1989, however, the 5-year survival rate was zero in HAL, 7.9% in HAI, 24.4% in HAL + HAI (with second look resection in 10 patients), and 36.5% in HAL + HAI + radiotherapy (with second look resection in 19). The marked improvement in survival in later period was attributable to the accurate site of hepatic artery catheter, longer infusion chemotherapy, and combination treatment, particularly second look resection in some of the patients. These results indicate that HAL + HAI + combination treatment might provide a possible prolongation of survival or even resection in some patients with original unresectable PLC.
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2681
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Bingham CR, Kassim MB, Zhang M, Akovali YA, Toth KS, Hamilton WD, Carter HK, Kormicki J, Jarrio MM. Identification of 185Pt alpha activity and study of 185Au alpha decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1991; 44:1208-1211. [PMID: 9967522 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.44.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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2682
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Zhang M. [Textual research on luohuangzi]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1991; 16:518-9, 573. [PMID: 1804193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
By studying ancient and modern literatures and observing the material object, we have come to the conclusion that the fruit called "luohuangzi" in ancient times should be the seed of Sterculia nobilis rather than Tamarindus indica. We therefore suggest that "luohuangzi" be no longer used as another name for T. indica, and, in order to eliminate the confusion about the name and material object of "luohuangzi". Tamarindus should be called the "genus Shuandou" in Chinese instead of the "genus Luowangzi".
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2683
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Zhang M, Shen Y, Zhu Z, Chen G. [Pharmacological studies on warming the middle-jiao to alleviate pain by Pericarpium Zanthoxyli]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1991; 16:493-7, 513. [PMID: 1804190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of the ethereal extract and aqueous extract of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli on warming the middle-jiao to alleviate pain have been studied. It is suggested that the effects of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli on antagonizing ulcer, and inflammatory and functional diarrheas, protecting liver, and correcting gastrointestinal disorder are the connotation of its warming the middle-jiao to alleviate pain, its analgesic effect helps to relieve various abdominal pains.
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2684
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Zhang M. [Comparison of several screening instruments for dementia]. ZHONGHUA SHEN JING JING SHEN KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 1991; 24:194-6, 251. [PMID: 1954788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Both evidences of cognitive and functional impairments are necessary for the diagnosis of dementia. Following instruments: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Blessed Dementia Scale (BDS) and Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) for cognitive assessment, and Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Pffefer's Social Function Questionnaire (POD) for function measurement, were used in a survey sample of 5055 aged persons. It was found that the scores of both categories of tests were significantly correlated. The scores of MMSE, BDS and HDS were highly education-related, thus the education-dependent cutoff point should be decided. Among the cognitive assessment scales, MMSE and HDS seems better than BDS, while in functional scales, POD was more suitable for community survey. Sensory and motor disturbances, emotional and health problem were also interfered with both cognitive and daily or social function, it should be taken account in the diagnostic process for dementia.
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2685
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Zhang M, Chen X. [A preliminary report of evoked potential marker study of pattern shift visual evoked potentials (PS-VEP) and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) on schizophrenic twins]. ZHONGHUA SHEN JING JING SHEN KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 1991; 24:210-3, 252. [PMID: 1954791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the result of electroneurophysiological study of the pattern shift visual evoked potentials (PS-VEP) and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) on six pairs of schizophrenic twins. The result indicated that there were significant differences in the inter-pair variance between MZ and DZ in latency P2, amplitude P2-N2 and P2 of using PS-VEP. AEP was also used for this group cases, and the result showed the presence of statistical differences in the inter-pair variance of latency N2, amplitude N1-P2 and P2. The authors speculated upon that the above six electrophysiological markers may be related to genetic factors, which had been proved by the blood group, character, clinical symptoms and treatment response of those patients.
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2686
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Liu J, Zhang M. [Immunoglobulin study on experimental retina detachment]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 1991; 71:455-8. [PMID: 1660769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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2687
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Chen G, Shen Y, Zhang M, Zhu Z, Wang D, Liu X, Ma S. [Studies on warming the middle-jiao and analgesic effect of flos Caryophylli]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1991; 16:429-32, 448 proceeding. [PMID: 1910510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of water extract and ether extract of Flos Caryophylli have been investigated by four experimental gastric ulcer models, choleresis in rats, two diarrhea models in mice, two pain stimulations in mice, and acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in rats. The results suggest that the action of Flos Caryophylli on dispelling the cold by warming the middle-jiao and curing abdominalgia is related to its anti-ulcer, choleresis increasing, anti-diarrhea and analgesic functions.
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2688
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Chen SH, Zhang M, Lovrien EW, Scott CR, Thompson AR. CG dinucleotide transitions in the factor IX gene account for about half of the point mutations in hemophilia B patients: a Seattle series. Hum Genet 1991; 87:177-82. [PMID: 2066105 DOI: 10.1007/bf00204177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemophilia B is due to multiple molecular defects in the factor IX gene. Over 80% of mutations are single base substitutions. By amplification and direct sequencing, 51 single base substitutions were found in the transcribed sequence of the factor IX genes of patients from 50 distinct families with hemophilia B. These include 30 mutations in 29 families not previously reported by us; of these, 12 are novel, i.e., not previously published in other series. Of the 51 substitutions in our overall series 23 (45%) occurred as C-to-T or G-to-A transitions at 11 sites within CG dinucleotides. It is estimated that CG transitions occur from one to two orders of magnitude more frequently than mutations in nucleotides that are not within a CG pair. More than one family had identical defects for 6 of the CG mutations. At 4 of these sites, most patients had different haplotypes compatible with distinct mutations. Non-CG-type mutations occurred throughout the coding regions with only one mutation in more than one family. The latter included 7 families with a 397 Ile-to-Thr defect that all share a rare haplotype, suggesting a common ancestor.
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2689
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Yoshida T, Zhang M, Chen C, Franz H, Wu HC. Enhancement of the cytotoxicity of mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1) by high pH or perturbation in Golgi functions. DIE PHARMAZIE 1991; 46:349-51. [PMID: 1910176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the cytotoxicity of Mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1), a cytotoxic protein produced by Viscum album, in CHO and V79 cells and in mutant cell lines altered in Golgi functions or in endosomal acidification. In wild-type CHO cells, cytotoxicity of ML-1 was greatly enhanced by ammonium chloride or nigericin. A CHO mutant defective in endosomal acidification (DMPR-2), which is resistant to diphtheria toxin, modeccin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and hypersensitive to ricin, showed increased sensitivity to ML-1. MonR-31 and MF-1 are monensin- and compactin-resistant mutants derived from CHO and V79 cell lines, respectively, and are presumably altered in Golgi functions. The cytotoxicity of ML-1 was found to be increased in both MonR-31 and MF-1 cells as compared with their parental cells. These results indicate that the effects of chemicals or mutations altering endosomal acidification and Golgi functions on the cytotoxicity of ML-1 are similar to those on ricin cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that the cytotoxicity of ML-1 is enhanced by an increase in endosomal pH, as well as by chemicals or mutations altering the structure/functions of the Golgi regions. Like ricin, the intoxication process of ML-1 may involve the Golgi regions.
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2690
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Hosein B, Fang CT, Popovsky MA, Ye J, Zhang M, Wang CY. Improved serodiagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection with synthetic peptide antigen from capsid protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:3647-51. [PMID: 1850834 PMCID: PMC51509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.9.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloning and expression of hepatitis C virus have allowed the development of immunoassays to detect hepatitis C virus infection. However, currently available recombinant fusion protein C100-3 assays, based on a nonstructural protein of the virus, are limited in sensitivity, particularly for detecting acute infection. In this report seroconversion panels showed that an assay based on synthetic peptides, derived from immunodominant regions of both capsid and nonstructural proteins, accelerated hepatitis C virus antibody detection by 4-10 weeks. In screening, this enzyme immunoassay increased detection from 47% to 64% in plasmapheresis donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels (greater than 100 international units per liter), from 15% to 24% in anti-hepatitis B core antigen-positive blood donors, and from 28% to 42% in renal dialysis patients when compared with nonstructural peptide-based assays. The screening assay was repeatedly reactive for 27 of 2902 volunteer blood donor samples (0.93%); four sera reacted only with the capsid antigen. The peptide test distinguished true from false positive results in agreement with recombinant immunoblot assay in 96% of blood donor samples repeatably reactive on a recombinant hepatitis C virus enzyme immunoassay.
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2691
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Chen SH, Zhang M, Thompson AR, Bray GL, Scott CR. Splice junction mutations in factor IX gene resulting in severe hemophilia B. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:1172. [PMID: 2020563 PMCID: PMC333833 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.5.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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2692
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Zhang M. [Pharmakinetics of carboplatin in cancer patients]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 1991; 13:120-2. [PMID: 1652416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmakinetics of carboplatin was studied in 6 cancer patients who received carboplatin (300 mg/m2) by 30 minute intravenous infusion. Platinum plasma concentration was measured by reverse high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that total platinum plasma clearance was biphasic in all patients with a short initial phase half-life of 1.27 hrs and a long second phase half-life of 6.92 hrs. The distribution volume of the drug was 57.78 L/m2 and area under the total platinum concentration curves was 84.71 mg/L.hr.
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2693
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Zhang M. Treatment of peri-omarthritis with acupuncture at yanglingquan (GB 34). J TRADIT CHIN MED 1991; 11:9-10. [PMID: 1861514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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2694
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Zhang M, Shen Y, Xu Q. [Effect of rhizoma Zingiberis on anoxic or cooled mice]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1991; 16:170-2, 192. [PMID: 1883502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The anti-anoxic experiments have indicated that the petroleum ether extract of Rhizoma Zingiberis can prolong the survival time in mice poisoned by KCN or under the condition of normobaric hypoxia, as well as decapitation-induced gasping duration in mice, but can not prolong the survival time in mice poisoned by NaNO4. The anti-anoxic action might be related to the reduction rate of O2 consumption of the body. The aqueous extract of Rhizoma Zingiberis does not possess the above-mentioned anti-anoxic action. Both extracts do not affect the survival time in cooled mice.
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2695
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Zhang M, Rosenblum-Vos LS, Lowry CV, Boakye KA, Zitomer RS. A yeast protein with homology to the beta-subunit of G proteins is involved in control of heme-regulated and catabolite-repressed genes. Gene 1991; 97:153-61. [PMID: 1900249 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90047-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The product of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AER2 gene is responsible for maintaining repression of at least two distinct regulatory pathways: heme activation/repression and catabolite repression. Mutations in the gene caused an eightfold increase in the expression of the heme-activated CYC1 gene in the absence of heme, a substantial increase in the expression of the heme-repressed ANB1 gene in the presence of heme, and a 13-fold increase in the expression of the catabolite-repressed GAL1 gene in the presence of glucose. Lesser or no increases in the expression of these genes were observed under derepressed or activation conditions. The aer2 mutations also caused a large increase in CYC7 gene expression under all conditions; this gene is subject to heme activation/repression, as well as catabolite repression. The AER2 gene was cloned and the sequence determined. The large open reading frame contiguous with the transcript from the complementing region encoded a 713-amino acid polypeptide chain with extensive homology to the beta-subunit of G proteins. The sequence revealed that AER2 is the TUP1 gene. A deletion mutation was constructed and the null phenotype was the same as the original mutants. The aer2 null mutant was shown to have increased aerobic and anaerobic levels of RNA encoding the ROX1 repressor, normally expressed only aerobically and responsible for the aerobic repression of ANB1 expression. The increase in both ROX1 and ANB1 RNAs aerobically in this mutant suggests that the repressor is nonfunctional in the mutant.
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2696
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Owen TA, Bortell R, Yocum SA, Smock SL, Zhang M, Abate C, Shalhoub V, Aronin N, Wright KL, van Wijnen AJ. Coordinate occupancy of AP-1 sites in the vitamin D-responsive and CCAAT box elements by Fos-Jun in the osteocalcin gene: model for phenotype suppression of transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:9990-4. [PMID: 2124710 PMCID: PMC55300 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin, a bone-specific protein and marker of the mature osteoblast, is expressed only in nonproliferating osteoblasts in a mineralizing extracellular matrix, while type I collagen is expressed in proliferating cells. The nuclear proteins encoded by the c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes are expressed during the proliferation period of osteoblast phenotype development. We present evidence that AP-1 (HeLa cell-activating protein 1) sites residing within two promoter elements of the osteocalcin gene bind the Fos-Jun protein complex: the osteocalcin box (OC box; nucleotides -99 to -76), which contains a CCAAT motif as a central element and influences tissue-specific basal levels of osteocalcin gene transcription, and the vitamin D-responsive element (VDRE; nucleotides -462 to -440), which mediates enhancement of osteocalcin gene transcription. Gel electrophoretic mobility-shift analysis demonstrated high AP-1 binding activity in proliferating osteoblasts and dramatic changes in this activity after the down-regulation of proliferation and the initiation of extracellular-matrix mineralization in primary cultures of normal diploid osteoblasts. Methylation interference analysis established at single nucleotide resolution that purified recombinant Fos and Jun proteins bind in a sequence-specific manner to the AP-1 sites within the VDRE and OC box. Similarly, an AP-1 motif within a putative VDRE of the alkaline phosphatase gene, which is also expressed after the completion of proliferation, binds the Fos-Jun complex. These results support a model in which coordinate occupancy of the AP-1 sites in the VDRE and OC box in proliferating osteoblasts may suppress both basal level and vitamin D-enhanced osteocalcin gene transcription as well as transcription of other genes associated with osteoblast differentiation--a phenomenon we describe as phenotype suppression. This model is further supported by binding of the Fos-Jun complex at an AP-1 site in the type alpha I collagen promoter that is contiguous with, but not overlapping, the VDRE. Such a sequence organization in the collagen VDRE motif is compatible with vitamin D modulation of collagen but not with osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase expression in proliferating osteoblasts.
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2697
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Wang HY, Zhang M, Imanaka T. Screening and separation of beta-lactam antibiotics using protein-engineered enzymes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990; 613:376-84. [PMID: 2075983 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb18182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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2698
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Lövgren A, Zhang M, Engström A, Dalhammar G, Landén R. Molecular characterization of immune inhibitor A, a secreted virulence protease from Bacillus thuringiensis. Mol Microbiol 1990; 4:2137-46. [PMID: 2089225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The gene for the secreted neutral metalloprotease, immune inhibitor A (InA), from Bacillus thuringiensis var. alesti has been cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence has been confirmed by partial amino acid sequencing. The central part of the amino acid sequence showed similarity to the active site in thermolysin. Southern and Western blots show that InA-related sequences are common among other B. thuringiensis subspecies. In Western blots, 17 out of 25 tested species gave a positive signal. Culture filtrates from subspecies expressing InA were toxic when injected in Trichoplusia ni larvae, whereas filtrate from a strain negative in Western blot had no effect when injected. The LD50 dose of purified InA protein injected in T. ni larvae was 12.5 +/- 2.5 ng per mg of larval body weight.
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2699
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Liu Z, Zhang M, Phillips JB. High-Speed Gas Chromatographic Analysis of a Simulated Process Stream using On-Column Thermal Desorption Modulation for Sample Preconcentration and Introduction. J Chromatogr Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/28.11.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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2700
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Koizumi J, Zhang M, Imanaka T, Aiba S. Does single-amino-acid replacement work in favor of or against improvement of the thermostability of immobilized enzyme? Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:3612-4. [PMID: 2176451 PMCID: PMC185035 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.11.3612-3614.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostabilities of kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase and of its mutants that became thermostable, in the free state, because of single-amino-acid replacements were studied after immobilization of the enzymes on cyanogen bromide-activated Sephadex G-200 particles. Lys in place of Gln at position 102 decreased the thermostability of the immobilized enzyme, whereas replacement with other amino acids enhanced it.
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