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Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Murase N, Trucco M, Thomson AW, Rao AS, Fung JJ. Chimerism after organ transplantation. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1997; 6:292-8. [PMID: 9263673 PMCID: PMC2955429 DOI: 10.1097/00041552-199705000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that passenger leukocytes migrate after organ transplantation and produce persistent chimerism, which is essential for sustained survival of the allograft. Here, we describe how this hematolymphopoietic chimerism provides an important framework for interpretation of post-transplant phenomena and for initiation of therapeutically oriented transplantation research.
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127
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Cicalese L, Hierholzer C, Subbotin V, Iyengar A, Rao AS, Stanko RT. Protective effect of pyruvate during acute rejection of intestinal allografts: accompanied by up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1813-4. [PMID: 9142283 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Enzyme Induction
- Graft Rejection/enzymology
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Intestine, Small/enzymology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Male
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/biosynthesis
- Pyruvic Acid/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred ACI
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous/pathology
- Transplantation, Homologous/physiology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/immunology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/pathology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/physiology
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128
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Nalesnik MA, Rao AS, Zeevi A, Fung JJ, Pham S, Furukawa H, Gritsch A, Klein G, Starzl TE. Autologous lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy of lymphoproliferative disorders arising in organ transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1905-6. [PMID: 9142315 PMCID: PMC2963039 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoreticular malignancies, collectively called posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), eventually develop in 2–5% of organ transplant recipients. They frequently undergo regression when immunosuppression is reduced or stopped. This feature has been associated with a previous or de novo Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We herein describe immunotherapy with autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in seven patients with PTLD (four EBV-positive patients and three EBV-negative patients). Autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained by leukapheresis, depleted of monocytes, and cultured in the presence of interleukin 2 for 10 to 11 days. A single dose of 5.2 × 109 to 5.6 × 1010 LAK cells was given intravenously. Systemic interleukin 2 was not administered. The four patients with EBV+ PTLD had complete tumor regression; two of them developed controllable rejection. Three patients are well 13–16 months after treatment; the fourth patient died of pneumonia 41 days after infusion. Three patients with EBV− lymphomas had no response despite prior evidence that their tumors also were subject to immune surveillance. Two of these three patients died after being given other treatment, and the third patient has persistent tumor. In conclusion, autologous LAK cell infusion was effective for treatment of four EBV+ organ transplant recipients. LAK cell efficacy for three patients with EBV− PTLD was not evaluable under the management circumstances in which this treatment was utilized.
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129
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Cicalese L, Iyengar A, Subbotin V, Aitouche A, Rastellini C, Rao AS, Stanko RT. Protection afforded by pyruvate during acute rejection of small-bowel allografts is mediated by inhibition of oxygen-free radicals and cytolytic activity (perforin and granzyme-B mRNA expression) in activated leukocytes. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:704. [PMID: 9123491 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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130
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Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Murase N, Valdivia L, Thomson AW, Fung J, Rao AS. The future of transplantation: with particular reference to chimerism and xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:19-27. [PMID: 9122957 PMCID: PMC2994252 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The assumption for the last third of a century that stem cell-driven hematolymphopoietic chimerism was irrelevant to successful conventional whole organ transplantation has prompted alternative inadequate explanations of organ allograft acceptance. This assumption clouded the biologic meaning of successful organ as well as bone marrow transplantation, and precluded the development of a cardinal principle that accommodated all facets of transplantation. Recognition of this error and the incorporation of the chimerism factor into a two-way paradigm have allowed previous enigmas of organ as well as bone marrow engraftment to be explained. No credible evidence has emerged to interdict this interactive concept. If the two-way paradigm is correct, it will allow the remarkable advances that have been made in basic immunology to be more meaningfully exploited for transplantation, including that of xenografts.
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131
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Rao AS, Fontes P, Iyengar A, Shapiro R, Dodson F, Corry R, Pham S, Jordan M, Zeevi A, Rastellini C, Aitouche A, Egidi F, Gritsch HA, Reyes J, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Augmentation of chimerism with perioperative donor bone marrow infusion in organ transplant recipients: a 44 month follow-up. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1184-5. [PMID: 9123264 PMCID: PMC2957287 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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132
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Zeevi A, Pavlick M, Banas R, Bentlejewski C, Spichty K, Rao AS, Fontes P, Iyengar A, Shapiro R, Dodson F, Jordan M, Pham S, Keenan R, Griffith B, Corry R, Egidi F, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Three years of follow-up of bone marrow-augmented organ transplant recipients: the impact on donor-specific immune modulation. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1205-6. [PMID: 9123274 PMCID: PMC2989901 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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133
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Rastellini C, Shapiro R, Corry R, Fung JJ, Starzl TE, Rao AS. Treatment of isolated pancreatic islets to reverse pancreatectomy-induced and insulin-dependent type I diabetes in humans: a 6-year experience. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:746-7. [PMID: 9123507 PMCID: PMC2989664 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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134
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Sinha AN, Rao AS, Vyas HG. Hydatid cyst in head of pancreas presenting with obstructive jaundice. Indian J Gastroenterol 1997; 16:32. [PMID: 9167380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with hydatid cyst in the head of the pancreas who presented with obstructive jaundice. At operation, the cyst was compressing the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. Excision of the cyst with choledochoduodenostomy was performed.
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135
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Valdivia LA, Sun H, Rao AS, Tsugita M, Chen CT, Park IY, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Donor-specific transfusion in the nude rat prolongs survival of subsequently transplanted hamster cardiac xenografts. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:928-9. [PMID: 9123590 PMCID: PMC2967296 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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136
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Rao AS, Phil D, Fontes P, Iyengar A, Aitouche A, Shapiro R, Zeevi A, Dodson F, Corry R, Rastellini C, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. An attempt to induce tolerance with infusion of donor bone marrow in organ allograft recipients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1997; 417:269-74. [PMID: 9286372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9966-8_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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137
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Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Murase N, Trucco M, Thomson AW, Rao AS. The lost chord: microchimerism and allograft survival. IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 1996; 17:577-84; discussion 588. [PMID: 8991290 PMCID: PMC2993493 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5699(96)10070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that passenger leukocytes migrate after organ transplantation and produce persistent chimerism, which is essential for sustained survival of the allografts. Here, Thomas Starzl and colleagues argure that this hematolymphopoietic chimerism provides an important framework for the interpretation of basic and therapeutically oriented transplantataion research.
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138
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Sachs DH, Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Murase N, Trucco M, Thomson AW, Rao AS. Response to Wood and Sachs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5699(96)90143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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139
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Cicalese L, Rastellini C, Rao AS, Stanko RT. Pyruvate prevents mucosal reperfusion injury, oxygen free-radical production, and neutrophil infiltration after rat small bowel preservation and transplantation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2611. [PMID: 8907976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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140
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Cicalese L, Freeswick PD, Watkins SC, Kelly E, Zeidan M, Rao AS, Stanko RT. Use of CD14 and lipopolysaccharide binding protein mRNA expression as markers for acute rejection in rat small bowel transplantation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2470. [PMID: 8907907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
MESH Headings
- Acute-Phase Proteins/biosynthesis
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Carrier Proteins/analysis
- Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis
- Graft Rejection/diagnosis
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/analysis
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred ACI
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous/pathology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/immunology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/pathology
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141
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Cicalese L, Subbotin V, Rastellini C, Rao AS, Stanko RT. Acute rejection of small bowel allografts in rats: protection afforded by pyruvate. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2474. [PMID: 8907909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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142
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Fontes P, Rao AS, Reyes J, Furukawa H, Abu-Elmagd K, Jabbour N, Zeevi A, Iyengar A, Todo S, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Concomitant infusion of unmodified donor bone marrow into unconditioned recipients of intestinal allografts. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2757-8. [PMID: 8908043 PMCID: PMC2962599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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143
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Rao AS, Fontes P, Dodson F, Zeevi A, Rugeles MT, Abu-Elmagd K, Aitouche A, Rosner G, Trucco M, Demetris AJ, Rybka W, Todo S, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Augmentation of natural chimerism with donor bone marrow in orthotopic liver recipients. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2959-65. [PMID: 8908140 PMCID: PMC2997626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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144
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Rao AS, Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Trucco M, Thomson A, Qian S, Murase N, Fung JJ. The two-way paradigm of transplantation immunology. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1996; 80:S46-51. [PMID: 8811063 PMCID: PMC2991131 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1996.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The events following organ transplantation require a reciprocal cell interaction which includes both the conventional host-versus-graft reaction and a graft-versus-host component. With all successful transplantation, both graft and recipient become genetic composites. Where donors were available, chimerism has been confirmed in 30-year kidney-recipient survivors, as well as in several liver and lung recipients. A majority of liver recipients have been able to acquire an immunosuppressant-free state after 10-year survival. Animal models suggest that donor-derived cells may exert a tolerogenic effect.
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145
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Bonham CA, Lu L, Banas RA, Fontes P, Rao AS, Starzl TE, Zeevi A, Thomson AW. TGF-beta 1 pretreatment impairs the allostimulatory function of human bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells for both naive and primed T cells. Transpl Immunol 1996; 4:186-91. [PMID: 8893447 PMCID: PMC3154798 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-3274(96)80015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) exhibits strong antiproliferative effects upon lymphocytes and inhibits many of the effector functions of activated immune cells. However, its influence on the inductive phase of immune responses, and in particular its effect on antigen-presenting cells (APC), has not been well studied. In this investigation, we examined the influence of human TGF-beta 1 on the antigen-presenting function of human bone marrow (BM)-derived APC propagated in liquid culture for 11-17 days in response to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). These cells were predominantly macrophages, accompanied by a minor population of dendritic cells. TGF-beta 1 had no effect upon the allostimulatory function of vertebral body whole BM cells cultured for 3-5 days in GM-CSF. However, it markedly reduced the allostimulatory capacity of BM-derived APC exposed to the cytokine for the last 3 days of culture. This inhibitory action could not be ascribed to cytokine 'carry-over', or to any consistent changes in the expression of cell surface molecules implicated in antigen presentation (HLA-DR), intercellular adhesion (ICAM-1; CD54), or costimulatory activity (B7-1; CD80). Mechanisms that may underlie the inhibitory action of TGF-beta on APC function and the immunologic and possible clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
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146
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Rao AS, Freemerman AJ, Jarvis WD, Chelliah J, Bear HD, Mikkelsen R, Grant S. Effect of AS101 on bryostatin 1-mediated differentiation induction, cell cycle arrest, and modulation of drug-induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia 1996; 10:1150-8. [PMID: 8683995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Based upon earlier reports of synergism in cells of lymphoid origin, we have examined interactions between the organotellurium compound AS101 and the protein kinase C (PKC) activator bryostatin 1 with respect to differentiation and Ara-C-induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60). Although preincubation with bryostatin 1 (10 nM) for 24 h significantly increased DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in cells subsequently treated with 10 microM Ara-C for 6 h, this effect was not enhanced by co-administration of AS101 (1.5 microM). However, while exposure of cells to AS101 or bryostatin 1 alone for 72 h was ineffective in inducing cellular maturation, combined treatment resulted in the induction of differentiated features in a subset of cells, manifested by an increase in cell adherence, CD11b expression, cytoplasmic granularity and cell spreading. In addition, cells exposed to the combination of AS101 and bryostatin 1, in contrast to cells incubated with these agents individually, displayed a significant decline in the S-phase and a corresponding increase in the G0/G1 cell populations. These events were accompanied by an increase in protein expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 (WAF1/CIP1/MDA6), and a decline in expression of the c-myc protein. AS101 failed to increase intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in HL-60 cells, or reverse the profound PKC down-regulation induced by bryostatin 1. Whereas treatment of cells with 1.5 microM AS101 or 10 nM bryostatin 1 for 24 h exerted minimal growth inhibitory effects, combined exposure to these agents reduced colony formation by over 70%. Finally, although addition of AS101 did not potentiate apoptosis induced by the bryostatin 1/Ara-C combination, it did lead to a further reduction in clonogenicity. Together, these findings demonstrate that AS101 partially restores the ability of bryostatin 1 to trigger a differentiation program in an otherwise unresponsive HL-60 cell line, possibly by facilitating bryostatin 1-mediated G1 arrest. They also indicate that AS101 potentiates the antiproliferative effects of bryostatin 1 administered alone or in combination with Ara-C through a mechanism other than, or in addition to, induction of apoptosis.
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147
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Tsugita M, Valdivia LA, Rao AS, Pan F, Celli S, Demetris AJ, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Tacrolimus pretreatment attenuates preexisting xenospecific immunity and abrogates hyperacute rejection in a presensitized hamster to rat liver transplant model. Transplantation 1996; 61:1730-5. [PMID: 8685952 PMCID: PMC3005620 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199606270-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the hamster to rat liver transplant model, we determined the efficacy of tacrolimus in attenuating natural xenospecific humoral immunity and in abrogating the hyperacute liver rejection that is produced by presensitizing the Lewis rat recipient. Hamster livers, transplanted orthotopically into naive rats (controls), were rejected with animal death after 6.4.+/- 0.5 (SD) days. The infusion on (day -6) of 1.5 x 10(7) hamster hepatocytes, or of 1.5 x 10(8) nonparenchymal cells (NPC), resulted in hyperacute rejection and death in < or = 1.9 days. However, when the rats were pretreated with 1 mg/kg/day tacrolimus from days -6 to -1, survival of non-presensitized animals was prolonged to 25 +/- 20 days and that of recipients presensitized with hamster hepatocytes to 36 +/- l6 days or with NPC to 32 +/- 1.7 days. The tacrolimus pretreatment significantly reduced the hamster-specific complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies response directed to liver NPC but not to lymph node cell targets. These observations suggest that the prolongation of survival by appropriately timed treatment with this T cell directed drug model is caused by the inhibition of humoral as well as cellular xenograft rejection.
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148
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Qian S, Fu F, Li Y, Lu L, Rao AS, Starzl TE, Thomson AW, Fung JJ. Impact of donor MHC class I or class II antigen deficiency on first- and second-set rejection of mouse heart or liver allografts. Immunology 1996; 88:124-9. [PMID: 8707337 PMCID: PMC1456472 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- or class II-deficiency on the initiation of first- and second-set rejection of mouse heart and liver allografts was examined. C3H (H-2k) mice received heterotopic cardiac or orthotopic liver grafts from unmodified B10 (H-2b), B6 (H-2b), b2m (H-2b; class I deficient) or AB0 (H-2b; class II deficient) donors. Organ survival was also investigated in C3H recipients that had been presensitized by a normal B10 skin graft 2-3 weeks before heart or liver transplantation. The absence of cell surface MHC class I or class II resulted in significant prolongation of primary cardiac allograft survival. Three of seven (43%) MHC class I-deficient, and two of five (40%) class II-deficient heart grafts were accepted indefinitely (survival time > 100 days). Thus both MHC class I and class II molecules appear to be important for the elicitation of first-set rejection in the heart allograft model. All liver allografts survived > 100 days in normal recipients. In C3H recipients that had been presensitized by a B10 skin graft, however, both heart and liver grafts from AB0 (class II deficient) donors underwent accelerated rejection (median survival time [MST] 3 and 4 days, respectively). In contrast, liver grafts from class I-deficient mice (b2m) were still accepted indefinitely by B10 skin-presensitized C3H recipients, whereas class I-deficient hearts survived significantly longer than those from class II-deficient or normal donors. These data demonstrate that the expression of donor MHC class I, and not class II is crucial in initiating second-set organ allograft rejection. In vitro monitoring revealed that at the time of organ transplant, both splenocytes and serum of the skin-presensitized animals displayed high cytotoxicity against AB0 (class II-deficient) but not against b2m (class I-deficient) targets.
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149
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Valdivia LA, Murase N, Rao AS, Rice G, Singer JW, Sun H, Todo S, Pan F, Subbotin V, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Perioperative treatment with phosphatidic acid inhibitor (Lisofylline leads to prolonged survival of hearts in the guinea pig to rat xenotransplant model. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:738-9. [PMID: 8623374 PMCID: PMC2975523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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150
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Sun H, Wakizaka Y, Rao AS, Pan F, Madariaga J, Park IY, Celli S, Fung JJ, Starzl TE, Valdivia LA. Use of MHC class I or II "knock out" mice to delineate the role of these molecules in acceptance/rejection of xenografts. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:732. [PMID: 8623370 PMCID: PMC2993564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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