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Patterson M. Gene expression. The nonsense police. Nat Rev Genet 2000; 1:9. [PMID: 11262884 DOI: 10.1038/35049530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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127
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Patterson M. Lisfranc's or tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAUMA NURSING 2000; 6:133-6. [PMID: 11035858 DOI: 10.1067/mtn.2000.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lisfranc's injuries are one of the most commonly missed fractures in a multitrauma patient. Failure to recognize and treat such an injury can lead to acute (e.g., compartment syndrome of the foot) and chronic problems (e.g., arthritis). A list of reminders is included to help with the recognition and treatment of Lisfranc's injuries (Table 1).
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Patterson M. Immunogenetics. Not just another editor. Nat Rev Genet 2000; 1:6. [PMID: 11262876 DOI: 10.1038/35049514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schollen E, Dorland L, de Koning TJ, Van Diggelen OP, Huijmans JG, Marquardt T, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Patterson M, Imtiaz F, Winchester B, Adamowicz M, Pronicka E, Freeze H, Matthijs G. Genomic organization of the human phosphomannose isomerase (MPI) gene and mutation analysis in patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation type Ib (CDG-Ib). Hum Mutat 2000; 16:247-52. [PMID: 10980531 DOI: 10.1002/1098-1004(200009)16:3<247::aid-humu7>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
CDG-Ib is the "gastro-intestinal" type of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and a potentially treatable disorder. It has been described in patients presenting with congenital hepatic fibrosis and protein losing enteropathy. The symptoms result from hypoglycosylation of serum- and other glycoproteins. CDG-Ib is caused by a deficiency of mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (synonym: phosphomannose isomerase, EC 5.3.1.8), due to mutations in the MPI gene. We determined the genomic structure of the MPI gene in order to simplify mutation detection. The gene is composed of 8 exons and spans only 5 kb. Eight (7 novel) different mutations were found in seven patients with a confirmed phosphomannose isomerase deficiency, analyzed in the context of this study: six missense mutations, a splice mutation and one insertion. In the last, the mutation resulted in an unstable transcript, and was hardly detectable at the mRNA level. This emphasizes the importance of mutation analysis at the genomic DNA level.
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Hofmann SG, Shear MK, Barlow DH, Gorman JM, Hershberger D, Patterson M, Woods SW. Effects of panic disorder treatments on personality disorder characteristics. Depress Anxiety 2000; 8:14-20. [PMID: 9750974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ninety-three patients with panic disorder and mild or no agoraphobia were treated for their panic disorder by using either 11 sessions of individual cognitive-behavior therapy or imipramine. Before and after treatment, their panic disorder symptomatology was assessed, and a self-report measure was administered to measure personality disorder characteristics [Klein et al., 1990: Wisconsin Personality Disorders Inventory]. In addition, some patients received this personality assessment again after six monthly maintenance sessions. Both treatments were equally effective in reducing panic disorder symptomatology, and both treatments had a positive influence on personality disorder characteristics. Personality disorder characteristics did not predict treatment outcome in either group. The implications of the findings for the assessment of personality and the treatment of panic disorder are discussed.
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Trimble LA, Shankar P, Patterson M, Daily JP, Lieberman J. Human immunodeficiency virus-specific circulating CD8 T lymphocytes have down-modulated CD3zeta and CD28, key signaling molecules for T-cell activation. J Virol 2000; 74:7320-30. [PMID: 10906185 PMCID: PMC112252 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.16.7320-7330.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2000] [Accepted: 05/17/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects without AIDS have a high frequency of HIV-specific CD8 T lymphocytes, cellular immunity is unable to control infection. Freshly isolated lymphocytes often do not lyse HIV-infected targets in 4-h cytotoxicity assays. A large fraction of circulating CD8 T cells from HIV-infected donors down-modulate CD3zeta, the signaling component of the T-cell receptor complex, which is reexpressed in vitro coincident with the return of cytotoxic function. To investigate further the link between CD3zeta down-modulation and possible CD8 T-cell functional defects, we used flow cytometry to characterize further the properties of the CD3zeta-down-modulated subset. HIV-specific CD8 T cells, identified by tetramer staining, are CD3zeta(-). CD8 T cells with down-modulated CD3zeta also do not express the key costimulatory receptor CD28 and have the cell surface phenotype of activated or memory T cells (HLA-DR(+) CD62L(-)). After T-cell activation, CD3zeta-down-modulated cells express the activation marker CD69 but not the high-affinity interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor alpha-chain CD25 and produce gamma interferon but not IL-2. Therefore HIV-specific CD8 T cells have down-modulated key signaling molecules for T-cell activation and costimulation and require exogenous cytokine stimulation. The typical impairment of HIV-specific CD4 T helper cells, which would normally provide specific CD8 T-cell stimulation, means that in vivo CTL function in vivo is compromised in most HIV-infected individuals. In AIDS patients, the functional defect is more severe, since CD3zeta is not reexpressed even after IL-2 exposure.
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Dunn LT, Patterson M, Boot DA. Head injury in the severely injured: long-term follow-up in 157 patients. Br J Neurosurg 2000; 14:219-24. [PMID: 10912198 DOI: 10.1080/026886900408397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-two patients with head injury in the context of multiple injury were followed up 5 years after injury. Severe disability in this group of patients was nearly always due to brain/spinal cord injury, rather than musculoskeletal injury. A substantial number of patients with mild or moderate head injuries had significant persisting disability 5 years after injury.
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Maki RH, Maki WS, Patterson M, Whittaker PD. Evaluation of a Web-based introductory psychology course: I. Learning and satisfaction in on-line versus lecture courses. BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS, INSTRUMENTS, & COMPUTERS : A JOURNAL OF THE PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY, INC 2000; 32:230-9. [PMID: 10875167 DOI: 10.3758/bf03207788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We offered introductory psychology on the World-Wide Web (WWW) and evaluated the on-line format relative to the traditional lecture-test format, using a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. Multiple sections of the introductory course were offered each semester; on-line and lecture sections were taught by the same instructor, the same textbook was used, and the same in-class examinations were taken. For on-line sections, mastery quizzes, interactive individual exercises, and weekly laboratory meetings replaced lectures. Increased content knowledge was greater for the students in the Web sections, as was in-class examination performance. Use of the WWW and computers for academic purposes increased more in the on-line sections, and the on-line students showed a greater decrease in computer anxiety. The students in the on-line sections expressed appreciation for course components and the convenience of the course, but the lecture sections received higher ratings on course evaluations than did the on-line sections. Learning and course satisfaction were dissociated in the two course formats.
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Patterson M. Screening a simple fracture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAUMA NURSING 2000; 6:58-60. [PMID: 10781223 DOI: 10.1067/mtn.2000.106285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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Schwarz ER, Speakman MT, Patterson M, Hale SS, Isner JM, Kedes LH, Kloner RA. Evaluation of the effects of intramyocardial injection of DNA expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a myocardial infarction model in the rat--angiogenesis and angioma formation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35:1323-30. [PMID: 10758976 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of direct intramyocardial injection of the plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (phVEGF165) in the border zone of myocardial infarct tissue in rat hearts were investigated. BACKGROUND Controversy exists concerning the ability of VEGF to induce angiogenesis and enhance coronary flow in the myocardium. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats received a ligation of the left coronary artery to induce myocardial infarction (MI). At 33.1 +/- 6.5 days, the rats were injected with phVEGF165 at one location and control plasmid at a second location (500 microg DNA, n = 24) or saline (n = 16). After 33.1 +/- 5.7 days, the hearts were excised for macroscopic and histologic analysis. Regional blood flow ratios were measured in 18 rats by radioactive microspheres. RESULTS phVEGF165-treated sites showed macroscopic angioma-like structures at the injection site while control DNA and saline injection sites did not. By histology, 21/24 phVEGF165-treated hearts showed increased focal epicardial blood vessel density and angioma-like formation. Quantitative morphometric evaluation in 20 phVEGF165-treated hearts revealed 44.4 +/- 10.5 vascular structures per field in phVEGF165-treated hearts versus 21.4 +/- 4.7 in control DNA injection sites (p < 0.05). Regional myocardial blood flow ratios between the injection site and noninfarcted area did not demonstrate any difference between phVEGF,165-treated hearts (0.9 +/- 0.2) and saline-treated hearts (0.7 +/- 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Injection of DNA for VEGF in the border zone of MI in rat hearts induced angiogenesis. Angioma formation at the injection sites did not appear to contribute to regional myocardial blood flow, which may be a limitation of gene therapy for this application.
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Eng B, Patterson M, Borys S, Chui DH, Waye JS. PCR-based diagnosis of the Filipino (--(FIL)) and Thai (--(THAI)) alpha-thalassemia-1 deletions. Am J Hematol 2000; 63:54-6. [PMID: 10602170 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(200001)63:1<54::aid-ajh12>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In southeast Asia, the carrier frequency of two-gene alpha-thalassemia deletions is quite high, ranging from 4% to 14% depending on the population. The most common alpha-thalassemia-1 deletion is the so-called southeast Asian deletion (--(SEA)). In addition, a significant proportion of cases involve two other deletions, the Filipino (--(FIL)) and Thai (--(THAI)) deletions. In this report, we identify the deletion breakpoints for the (--(FIL)) and (--(THAI)) deletions, and describe PCR-based protocols for rapid and reliable DNA diagnosis of these deletions.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Gastric motility is partly regulated by an inherent electric control activity (ECA). Electrogastrography (EGG) measures gastric ECA through cutaneous electrodes. Little is known about EGG in neonates. A slow wave frequency of 3 cycles per minute (cpm) accounts for 85% to 100% of gastric ECA in normal adults and children. However, the authors have shown previously a lower percentage of 3 cpm activity in neonates. Abnormal EGG patterns (tachygastria and bradygastria) have been described in adults and children with gastric motility disorders. In neonates, especially premature infants, disorders of gastrointestinal motility are common, especially after gastrointestinal operations. It is necessary to characterise normal ECA before the pathophysiology of these disorders can be studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of ECA in the developing neonate. METHODS Nine healthy neonates born at 34 weeks' gestation were studied using Synectics EGG sampling at 4 Hz. Each subject underwent 4 hourly EGG recordings at fortnightly intervals from birth until age 8 weeks, and then every 2 months until age 2 years. The paired sample t test (95% Confidence Interval [CI]) was used to compare recordings. RESULTS Between birth and age 2 years, 3 cpm activity increased from 38% to 57% of recorded time. The mean percentage recorded time of tachygastria decreased from 47% to 35%, and bradygastria decreased from 15% to 8%. Statistically significant differences were seen between birth, 6 months, and 2 years of age. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of ECA in the normal neonatal stomach differs from that seen in adult studies. Tachygastria and bradygastria are seen more frequently, with fewer periods of 3 cpm. There is an increase in the percentage of 3 cpm activity over time, with statistically significant differences from the ECA pattern at birth first seen at the age of 6 months. The authors suggest that neonatal ECA undergoes a maturation process and that larger longitudinal and normal range studies are required to investigate this phenomenon.
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Carcao MD, Chang L, Poon A, Olivieri NF, Waye JS, Eng B, Patterson M, Chui DH. Compound heterozygosity for Hb S and Hb G-Copenhagen. Hemoglobin 1999; 23:379-81. [PMID: 10569728 DOI: 10.3109/03630269909090755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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141
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Patterson M. Happy Orthopedic Nurse's Day. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAUMA NURSING 1999; 5:125-6. [PMID: 10661140 DOI: 10.1016/s1075-4210(99)90005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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142
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Waye JS, Borys S, Eng B, Patterson M, Chui DH, Badr El-Din OM, Aref MK, Afify Z. Spectrum of beta-thalassemia mutations in Egypt. Hemoglobin 1999; 23:255-61. [PMID: 10490138 DOI: 10.3109/03630269909005706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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143
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Patterson M. Practice basics: quick neurovascular examination of the leg and foot. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAUMA NURSING 1999; 5:99-100. [PMID: 10514639 DOI: 10.1016/s1075-4210(99)90056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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144
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Patterson M, Paparella MM. Otitis media with effusion and early sequelae: flexible approach. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1999; 32:391-400. [PMID: 10393775 DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from chronic otitis media often have a variety of associated disease processes and pathologic conditions. The identification and recognition of these factors are critical to the effective treatment of the condition. This article provides an overview of the conditions associated with chronic otitis media, a detailed review of the disease process, and guidelines for surgical therapy.
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Piccinelli M, Patterson M, Braithwaite I, Boot D, Wilkinson G. Anxiety and depression disorders 5 years after severe injuries: a prospective follow-up study. J Psychosom Res 1999; 46:455-64. [PMID: 10404480 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3999(98)00126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with severe injuries were investigated 5 years after the traumatic events, and predictors of anxiety and depression disorders were identified. Trauma victims were selected who had an Injury Severity Score of > or = 16 and were brought to all hospitals in the Mersey region and North Wales over 1 year. The 212 patients aged > or = 15 years who left the hospital alive and lived within an accessible distance of the study hospital in Warrington were contacted 5 years later and 158 (74.5%) received follow-up assessment. Thirty-eight subjects (36.9%) reported "definite" anxiety and/or depression disorders and, of these, only 21.1% reported taking psychotropic medications. Factors associated with anxiety and/or depression disorders at follow-up were: sequelae of head injury (i.e., cognitive problems, posttraumatic seizures, facial pain): writing impairment: disability due to thorax problems; and a new trauma during follow-up. Initial severity or types of injuries and overall residual disability rated by the investigator were not strong predictors of anxiety and/or depression disorders at follow-up.
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Patterson M. Practice basics: quick neurovascular examination of the hand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAUMA NURSING 1999; 5:63-4. [PMID: 10514629 DOI: 10.1016/s1075-4210(99)90032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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147
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Kraut R, Patterson M, Lundmark V, Kiesler S, Mukopadhyay T, Scherlis W. Internet paradox. A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 1998. [PMID: 9841579 DOI: 10.1037//0003-066x.53.9.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Internet could change the lives of average citizens as much as did the telephone in the early part of the 20th century and television in the 1950s and 1960s. Researchers and social critics are debating whether the Internet is improving or harming participation in community life and social relationships. This research examined the social and psychological impact of the Internet on 169 people in 73 households during their first 1 to 2 years on-line. We used longitudinal data to examine the effects of the Internet on social involvement and psychological well-being. In this sample, the Internet was used extensively for communication. Nonetheless, greater use of the Internet was associated with declines in participants' communication with family members in the household, declines in the size of their social circle, and increases in their depression and loneliness. These findings have implications for research, for public policy and for the design of technology.
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Weiner MF, Koss E, Patterson M, Jin S, Teri L, Thomas R, Thal LJ, Whitehouse P. A comparison of the Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory with the CERAD behavioral rating scale for dementia in community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer's disease. J Psychiatr Res 1998; 32:347-51. [PMID: 9844950 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3956(98)00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a group of 242 community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a longitudinal comparison was made of two caregiver-administered instruments for assessment of behavioral disturbance; the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) and the CERAD Behavioral Rating Scale for Dementia (BRSD). We examined records of the 206 patients with baseline and 12-month follow-up data for the CMAI and the BRSD who also had tests of cognitive (Mini-mental State; MMSE) and global function (Clinical Dementia Rating; CDR and Functional Assessment Staging; FAST). Among 114 AD subjects, the correlation between total CMAI at baseline and 1 month readministration was 0.83 (p < 0.0001). In the same subjects, stratified into 5 groups by MMSE scores, the correlations between BRSD baseline and 1-month scores ranged from 0.70-0.89 (p < 0.0001). There was high correlation between total scores of both instruments at baseline and 12 months. In addition, all CMAI subscales except Verbally Aggressive correlated significantly with total BRSD score at both time points. At baseline, BRSD subscales for irritability/aggression, behavioral dysregulation and psychotic symptoms and at 12 months, irritability/aggression and behavioral dysregulation correlated with total CMAI scores. Neither scale changed significantly over 1 year, but there was wide individual variation. CMAI and BRSD scores correlated with 1-year change in the FAST, but not with MMSE or CDR (which weighs cognition heavily), suggesting that behavioral disturbance may be more strongly related to ability to manage activities of daily living (executive function) than to other aspects of cognition. The CMAI and BRSD appear to be interchangeable as measures of agitation, with the CMAI possibly more useful for patients who lack language and the BRSD more sensitive to apathy and depression.
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Kraut R, Patterson M, Lundmark V, Kiesler S, Mukopadhyay T, Scherlis W. Internet paradox. A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 1998; 53:1017-31. [PMID: 9841579 DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.53.9.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1117] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Internet could change the lives of average citizens as much as did the telephone in the early part of the 20th century and television in the 1950s and 1960s. Researchers and social critics are debating whether the Internet is improving or harming participation in community life and social relationships. This research examined the social and psychological impact of the Internet on 169 people in 73 households during their first 1 to 2 years on-line. We used longitudinal data to examine the effects of the Internet on social involvement and psychological well-being. In this sample, the Internet was used extensively for communication. Nonetheless, greater use of the Internet was associated with declines in participants' communication with family members in the household, declines in the size of their social circle, and increases in their depression and loneliness. These findings have implications for research, for public policy and for the design of technology.
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Patterson M. Politicogenomics takes centre stage. Trends Genet 1998; 14:259-60. [PMID: 9676524 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9525(98)01517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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