126
|
Wang J, Ning J, Shete S. Mediation analysis in a case-control study when the mediator is a censored variable. Stat Med 2019; 38:1213-1229. [PMID: 30421436 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mediation analysis is an approach for assessing the direct and indirect effects of an initial variable on an outcome through a mediator. In practice, mediation models can involve a censored mediator (eg, a woman's age at menopause). The current research for mediation analysis with a censored mediator focuses on scenarios where outcomes are continuous. However, the outcomes can be binary (eg, type 2 diabetes). Another challenge when analyzing such a mediation model is to use data from a case-control study, which results in biased estimations for the initial variable-mediator association if a standard approach is directly applied. In this study, we propose an approach (denoted as MAC-CC) to analyze the mediation model with a censored mediator given data from a case-control study, based on the semiparametric accelerated failure time model along with a pseudo-likelihood function. We adapted the measures for assessing the indirect and direct effects using counterfactual definitions. We conducted simulation studies to investigate the performance of MAC-CC and compared it to those of the naïve approach and the complete-case approach. MAC-CC accurately estimates the coefficients of different paths, the indirect effects, and the proportions of the total effects mediated. We applied the proposed and existing approaches to the mediation study of genetic variants, a woman's age at menopause, and type 2 diabetes based on a case-control study of type 2 diabetes. Our results indicate that there is no mediating effect from the age at menopause on the association between the genetic variants and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
127
|
Cunningham SA, Yu R, Shete S. Differences in Sun Protection Behaviors Between Rural and Urban Communities in Texas. J Rural Health 2019; 35:155-166. [PMID: 30830988 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing incidence of skin cancer is a global health issue. In order to identify at-risk populations in Texas, we compared sun protection behaviors and sunburn history across rural and urban counties. METHODS An online health screening survey collected data from a nonprobability sample of Texas residents in 2018. Data were weighted by sex, age, race, and ethnicity. Multinomial multivariable logistic regression identified key factors associated with sun protection behaviors and sunscreen use. Weighted Pearson's χ2 test identified differences between urban and rural respondents in strength of sunscreen used and sunburn history. FINDINGS Rural residents in Texas were less likely to seek shade (OR = 0.58; P = .004) and less likely to use sunscreen lotion (OR = 0.65; P = .013) compared to their urban counterparts. Sunscreen use was also lower among current versus never smokers (OR = 0.67; P = .034) but higher in those with personal versus no cancer history (OR = 2.14; P = .004). Although rural versus urban residents were more likely to use higher SPF sunscreen (P < .002), they had more blistering sunburns over the course of their life (P < .001) and these injuries were more likely to occur at an earlier age, between 5 and 14 years old (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Increased attention to sun protective behaviors among rural communities in Texas is vital to help reduce the high prevalence of sunburn injury and incidence of skin cancer.
Collapse
|
128
|
Amirian ES, Ostrom QT, Armstrong GN, Lai RK, Gu X, Jacobs DI, Jalali A, Claus EB, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Il'yasova D, Schildkraut JM, Ali-Osman F, Sadetzki S, Jenkins RB, Lachance DH, Olson SH, Bernstein JL, Merrell RT, Wrensch MR, Johansen C, Houlston RS, Scheurer ME, Shete S, Amos CI, Melin B, Bondy ML. Aspirin, NSAIDs, and Glioma Risk: Original Data from the Glioma International Case-Control Study and a Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:555-562. [PMID: 30482874 PMCID: PMC6401283 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few studies of sufficient size to address the relationship between glioma risk and the use of aspirin or NSAIDs, and results have been conflicting. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between glioma and aspirin/NSAID use, and to aggregate these findings with prior published studies using meta-analysis. METHODS The Glioma International Case-Control Study (GICC) consists of 4,533 glioma cases and 4,171 controls recruited from 2010 to 2013. Interviews were conducted using a standardized questionnaire to obtain information on aspirin/NSAID use. We examined history of regular use for ≥6 months and duration-response. Restricted maximum likelihood meta-regression models were used to aggregate site-specific estimates, and to combine GICC estimates with previously published studies. RESULTS A history of daily aspirin use for ≥6 months was associated with a 38% lower glioma risk, compared with not having a history of daily use [adjusted meta-OR = 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54-0.70]. There was a significant duration-response trend (P = 1.67 × 10-17), with lower ORs for increasing duration of aspirin use. Duration-response trends were not observed for NSAID use. In the meta-analysis aggregating GICC data with five previous studies, there was a marginally significant association between use of aspirin and glioma (mOR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70-1.02), but no association for NSAID use. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that aspirin may be associated with a reduced risk of glioma. IMPACT These results imply that aspirin use may be associated with decreased glioma risk. Further research examining the association between aspirin use and glioma risk is warranted.
Collapse
|
129
|
Cunningham SA, Yu R, Shih T, Giordano S, McNeill LH, Rechis R, Peterson SK, Cinciripini P, Foxhall L, Hawk E, Shete S. Cancer-Related Risk Perceptions and Beliefs in Texas: Findings from a 2018 Population-Level Survey. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:486-494. [PMID: 30700446 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer beliefs and perceptions of cancer risk affect the cancer continuum. Identifying underlying factors associated with these beliefs and perceptions in Texas can help inform and target prevention efforts. METHODS We developed a cancer-focused questionnaire and administered it online to a nonprobability sample of the Texas population. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis identified key factors associated with perceptions and beliefs about cancer. RESULTS The study population comprised 2,034 respondents (median age, 44.4 years) of diverse ethnicity: 45.5% were non-Hispanic white, 10.6% non-Hispanic black, and 35.7% Hispanic. Self-reported depression was significantly associated with cancer risk perceptions and cancer beliefs. Those indicating frequent and infrequent depression versus no depression were more likely to believe that: (i) compared to other people their age, they were more likely to get cancer in their lifetime [OR, 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.95-4.39 and OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.17-2.74, respectively]; and (ii) when they think about cancer, they automatically think about death (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.56-2.69 and OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.92, respectively). Frequent depression versus no depression was also associated with agreement that (i) it seems like everything causes cancer (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.26-2.22) and (ii) there is not much one can do to lower one's chance of getting cancer (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.09-1.89). Other predictors for perceived cancer risk and/or cancer beliefs were sex, age, ethnicity/race, being born in the United States, marital status, income, body mass index, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS Depression and other predictors are associated with cancer risk perceptions and beliefs in Texas. IMPACT Increased attention to reducing depression may improve cancer risk perceptions and beliefs.
Collapse
|
130
|
Ostrom QT, Coleman W, Huang W, Rubin JB, Lathia JD, Berens ME, Speyer G, Liao P, Wrensch MR, Eckel-Passow JE, Armstrong G, Rice T, Wiencke JK, McCoy LS, Hansen HM, Amos CI, Bernstein JL, Claus EB, Houlston RS, Il’yasova D, Jenkins RB, Johansen C, Lachance DH, Lai RK, Merrell RT, Olson SH, Sadetzki S, Schildkraut JM, Shete S, Andersson U, Rajaraman P, Chanock SJ, Linet MS, Wang Z, Yeager M, Melin B, Bondy ML, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Sex-specific gene and pathway modeling of inherited glioma risk. Neuro Oncol 2019; 21:71-82. [PMID: 30124908 PMCID: PMC6303471 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 25 risk variants for glioma, explaining 30% of heritable risk. Most histologies occur with significantly higher incidence in males, and this difference is not explained by currently known risk factors. A previous GWAS identified sex-specific glioma risk variants, and this analysis aims to further elucidate risk variation by sex using gene- and pathway-based approaches. Methods Results from the Glioma International Case-Control Study were used as a testing set, and results from 3 GWAS were combined via meta-analysis and used as a validation set. Using summary statistics for nominally significant autosomal SNPs (P < 0.01 in a previous meta-analysis) and nominally significant X-chromosome SNPs (P < 0.01), 3 algorithms (Pascal, BimBam, and GATES) were used to generate gene scores, and Pascal was used to generate pathway scores. Results were considered statistically significant in the discovery set when P < 3.3 × 10-6 and in the validation set when P < 0.001 in 2 of 3 algorithms. Results Twenty-five genes within 5 regions and 19 genes within 6 regions reached statistical significance in at least 2 of 3 algorithms in males and females, respectively. EGFR was significantly associated with all glioma and glioblastoma in males only and a female-specific association in TERT, all of which remained nominally significant after conditioning on known risk loci. There were nominal associations with the BioCarta telomeres pathway in both males and females. Conclusions These results provide additional evidence that there may be differences by sex in genetic risk for glioma. Additional analyses may further elucidate the biological processes through which this risk is conferred.
Collapse
|
131
|
Chido-Amajuoyi OG, Fokom Domgue J, Obi-Jeff C, Schmeler K, Shete S. A call for the introduction of gender-neutral HPV vaccination to national immunisation programmes in Africa. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2018; 7:e20-e21. [PMID: 30514615 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
132
|
Ostrom QT, Kinnersley B, Armstrong G, Rice T, Chen Y, Wiencke JK, McCoy LS, Hansen HM, Amos CI, Bernstein JL, Claus EB, Eckel-Passow JE, Il'yasova D, Johansen C, Lachance DH, Lai RK, Merrell RT, Olson SH, Sadetzki S, Schildkraut JM, Shete S, Rubin JB, Andersson U, Rajaraman P, Chanock SJ, Linet MS, Wang Z, Yeager M, Houlston RS, Jenkins RB, Wrensch MR, Melin B, Bondy ML, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Age-specific genome-wide association study in glioblastoma identifies increased proportion of 'lower grade glioma'-like features associated with younger age. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2359-2366. [PMID: 30152087 PMCID: PMC6205887 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in the United States. Incidence of GBM increases with age, and younger age-at-diagnosis is significantly associated with improved prognosis. While the relationship between candidate GBM risk SNPs and age-at-diagnosis has been explored, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not previously been stratified by age. Potential age-specific genetic effects were assessed in autosomal SNPs for GBM patients using data from four previous GWAS. Using age distribution tertiles (18-53, 54-64, 65+) datasets were analyzed using age-stratified logistic regression to generate p values, odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), and then combined using meta-analysis. There were 4,512 total GBM cases, and 10,582 controls used for analysis. Significant associations were detected at two previously identified SNPs in 7p11.2 (rs723527 [p54-63 = 1.50x10-9 , OR54-63 = 1.28, 95%CI54-63 = 1.18-1.39; p64+ = 2.14x10-11 , OR64+ = 1.32, 95%CI64+ = 1.21-1.43] and rs11979158 [p54-63 = 6.13x10-8 , OR54-63 = 1.35, 95%CI54-63 = 1.21-1.50; p64+ = 2.18x10-10 , OR64+ = 1.42, 95%CI64+ = 1.27-1.58]) but only in persons >54. There was also a significant association at the previously identified lower grade glioma (LGG) risk locus at 8q24.21 (rs55705857) in persons ages 18-53 (p18-53 = 9.30 × 10-11 , OR18-53 = 1.76, 95%CI18-53 = 1.49-2.10). Within The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) there was higher prevalence of 'LGG'-like tumor characteristics in GBM samples in those 18-53, with IDH1/2 mutation frequency of 15%, as compared to 2.1% [54-63] and 0.8% [64+] (p = 0.0005). Age-specific differences in cancer susceptibility can provide important clues to etiology. The association of a SNP known to confer risk for IDH1/2 mutant glioma and higher prevalence of IDH1/2 mutation within younger individuals 18-53 suggests that more younger individuals may present initially with 'secondary glioblastoma.'
Collapse
|
133
|
Talluri R, Shete S. An approach to estimate bidirectional mediation effects with application to body mass index and fasting glucose. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 82:396-406. [PMID: 29993118 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are major public health issues with known interdependence. Genetic variants have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, or both; thus, we hypothesize that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with both conditions may be mediated through obesity to affect type 2 diabetes or vice versa. We propose a framework for bidirectional mediation analyses. Simulations show that this approach accurately estimates the parameters, whether the mediation is unidirectional or bidirectional. In many scenarios, when the mediator is regressed on the initial variable and the outcome is regressed on the mediator and the initial variable, the resulting residuals are correlated because of other unmeasured covariates not in the model. We show that the proposed model provides accurate estimates in this scenario, too. We applied the proposed approach to investigate the mediating effects of SNPs associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity using genetic data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. Specifically, we used body mass index (BMI) as a measure for obesity and fasting glucose as a measure for type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the top 6 SNPs associated with both BMI and fasting glucose. Two SNPs (rs3752355 and rs6087982) had indirect effects on BMI mediated through fasting glucose [0.2677; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.0007, 0.6548) and 0.3301; 95% CI (0.0881, 0.8544), respectively]. The remaining four SNPs (rs7969190, rs4869710, rs10201400, and rs12421620) directly affect BMI and fasting glucose without mediating effects.
Collapse
|
134
|
Ostrom QT, Egan KM, Nabors LB, Gerke T, Thompson RC, Olson JJ, LaRocca R, Chowdhary S, Eckel-Passow JE, Armstrong G, Wiencke JK, Amos CI, Bernstein JL, Claus EB, Il'yasova D, Johansen C, Lachance DH, Lai R, Merrell RT, Olson SH, Sadetzki S, Schildkraut J, Shete S, Houlston RS, Jenkins RB, Melin B, Bondy ML, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Abstract 233: Evaluating glioma risk associated with extent of European admixture in African-Americans and Latinos. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioma incidence is highest in non-Hispanic Whites, where it occurs ~2x as frequently compared with other race/ethnicity groups. Glioma GWAS to date have included European ancestry populations only, and it is unknown whether variants identified by these analyses are associated with glioma in non- European ancestry populations. African Americans and Hispanics are admixed populations with varying proportions of European ancestry. While global ancestry may be similar within admixed groups, the proportion of European ancestry at each allele can vary across the genome. As glioma is more common in European ancestry populations, the presence of increased local European ancestry in these admixed populations could be used to identify glioma risk loci. Here we assessed whether excess European ancestry at established risk loci (Melin et al, Nature Genetics, 2017) was associated with glioma risk in non-European ancestry populations. Global ancestry was estimated using fastStructure, and local ancestry was estimated using RFMix. Both methods used 1,000 genomes project reference populations (African: YRI; European: CEU; East Asian: CHB/JPT; and Native American: CLM/PEL/MXL). We evaluated differences in local European ancestry between cases and controls using logistic regression conditioned on global European ancestry within 500kb of 25 previously identified risk variants among individuals with ≥50% African ancestry, and ≥30% Native American ancestry for all gliomas, and for grade IV glioblastoma (GBM) and grade II-III non-GBM. There were 347 individuals (184 cases and 163 controls) with ≥50% global African ancestry, and 277 individuals (153 cases and 124 controls) with ≥30% global American ancestry. There was no significant difference in proportion of global European ancestry between cases and controls with ≥50% global African ancestry (cases: 18.2%, controls: 17.7%, p=0.6834), and no significant difference in proportion of global European ancestry between cases and controls with ≥30% global American ancestry (cases: 51.1%, controls: 49.0%, p=0.2123). Among individuals with >50% African ancestry, we observed a nominally significant association between all glioma and increased local European ancestry at 7p11.2 (EGFR, pmin=0.0070) and between GBM and increased local European ancestry at 22q13.1 (CSNK1E, pmin=0.0098), both near SNPs previously associated with glioblastoma in majority European-ancestry populations. The dataset used for this analysis represents the largest collection of genotyped non-European glioma cases. These results suggest that glioma risk in African Americans may be associated with an increased local European ancestry variants at glioma risk loci previously identified in majority European ancestry populations (7p11.2 and 22q13.1).
Citation Format: Quinn T. Ostrom, Kathleen M. Egan, L. Burt Nabors, Travis Gerke, Reid C. Thompson, Jeffrey J. Olson, Renato LaRocca, Sajeel Chowdhary, Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, Georgina Armstrong, John K. Wiencke, Christopher I. Amos, Jonine L. Bernstein, Elizabeth B. Claus, Dora Il'yasova, Christoffer Johansen, Daniel H. Lachance, Rose Lai, Ryan T. Merrell, Sara H. Olson, Siegal Sadetzki, Joellen Schildkraut, Sanjay Shete, Richard S. Houlston, Robert B. Jenkins, Beatrice Melin, Melissa L. Bondy, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan. Evaluating glioma risk associated with extent of European admixture in African-Americans and Latinos [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 233.
Collapse
|
135
|
Lai WT, Chen CH, Hung H, Chen RB, Shete S, Wu CC. Recognizing spatial and temporal clustering patterns of dengue outbreaks in Taiwan. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:256. [PMID: 29866173 PMCID: PMC5987425 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is the most common arboviral infection in humans, with viral transmissions occurring in more than 100 countries in tropical regions. A global strategy for dengue prevention and control was established more than 10 years ago. However, the factors that drive the transmission of the dengue virus and subsequent viral infection continue unabated. The largest dengue outbreaks in Taiwan since World War II occurred in two recent successive years: 2014 and 2015. METHODS We performed a systematic analysis to detect and recognize spatial and temporal clustering patterns of dengue incidence in geographical areas of Taiwan, using the map-based pattern recognition procedure and scan test. Our aim was to recognize geographical heterogeneity patterns of varying dengue incidence intensity and detect hierarchical incidence intensity clusters. RESULTS Using the map-based pattern recognition procedure, we identified and delineated two separate hierarchical dengue incidence intensity clusters that comprise multiple mutually adjacent geographical units with high dengue incidence rates. We also found that that dengue incidence tends to peak simultaneously and homogeneously among the neighboring geographic units with high rates in the same cluster. CONCLUSION Beyond significance testing, this study is particularly desired by and useful for health authorities who require optimal characteristics of disease incidence patterns on maps and over time. Among the integrated components for effective prevention and control of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever are active surveillance and community-based integrated mosquito control, for which this study provides valuable inferences. Effective dengue prevention and control programs in Taiwan are critical, and have the added benefit of controlling the potential emergence of Zika.
Collapse
|
136
|
Peterson SK, Garden AS, Shinn EH, Shete S, Martch SL, Camero M, Baum G, Farcas E, Lin K, Raab F, Nandigam V, Yan Y, Ferrarotto R, Godino J, Patrick K, Beadle BM. Using mobile and sensor technology to identify early dehydration risk in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment: Impact on symptoms. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
137
|
Ostrom QT, Kinnersley B, Wrensch MR, Eckel-Passow JE, Armstrong G, Rice T, Chen Y, Wiencke JK, McCoy LS, Hansen HM, Amos CI, Bernstein JL, Claus EB, Il'yasova D, Johansen C, Lachance DH, Lai RK, Merrell RT, Olson SH, Sadetzki S, Schildkraut JM, Shete S, Rubin JB, Lathia JD, Berens ME, Andersson U, Rajaraman P, Chanock SJ, Linet MS, Wang Z, Yeager M, Houlston RS, Jenkins RB, Melin B, Bondy ML, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Sex-specific glioma genome-wide association study identifies new risk locus at 3p21.31 in females, and finds sex-differences in risk at 8q24.21. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7352. [PMID: 29743610 PMCID: PMC5943590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence of glioma is approximately 50% higher in males. Previous analyses have examined exposures related to sex hormones in women as potential protective factors for these tumors, with inconsistent results. Previous glioma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not stratified by sex. Potential sex-specific genetic effects were assessed in autosomal SNPs and sex chromosome variants for all glioma, GBM and non-GBM patients using data from four previous glioma GWAS. Datasets were analyzed using sex-stratified logistic regression models and combined using meta-analysis. There were 4,831 male cases, 5,216 male controls, 3,206 female cases and 5,470 female controls. A significant association was detected at rs11979158 (7p11.2) in males only. Association at rs55705857 (8q24.21) was stronger in females than in males. A large region on 3p21.31 was identified with significant association in females only. The identified differences in effect of risk variants do not fully explain the observed incidence difference in glioma by sex.
Collapse
|
138
|
Pande M, Joon A, Brewster AM, Chen WV, Hopper JL, Eng C, Shete S, Casey G, Schumacher F, Lin Y, Harrison TA, White E, Ahsan H, Andrulis IL, Whittemore AS, John EM, Ko Win A, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Kapuscinski MK, Ochs-Balcom HM, Gallinger S, Jenkins MA, Newcomb PA, Lindor NM, Peters U, Amos CI, Lynch PM. Genetic susceptibility markers for a breast-colorectal cancer phenotype: Exploratory results from genome-wide association studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196245. [PMID: 29698419 PMCID: PMC5919670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustering of breast and colorectal cancer has been observed within some families and cannot be explained by chance or known high-risk mutations in major susceptibility genes. Potential shared genetic susceptibility between breast and colorectal cancer, not explained by high-penetrance genes, has been postulated. We hypothesized that yet undiscovered genetic variants predispose to a breast-colorectal cancer phenotype. METHODS To identify variants associated with a breast-colorectal cancer phenotype, we analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from cases and controls that met the following criteria: cases (n = 985) were women with breast cancer who had one or more first- or second-degree relatives with colorectal cancer, men/women with colorectal cancer who had one or more first- or second-degree relatives with breast cancer, and women diagnosed with both breast and colorectal cancer. Controls (n = 1769), were unrelated, breast and colorectal cancer-free, and age- and sex- frequency-matched to cases. After imputation, 6,220,060 variants were analyzed using the discovery set and variants associated with the breast-colorectal cancer phenotype at P<5.0E-04 (n = 549, at 60 loci) were analyzed for replication (n = 293 cases and 2,103 controls). RESULTS Multiple correlated SNPs in intron 1 of the ROBO1 gene were suggestively associated with the breast-colorectal cancer phenotype in the discovery and replication data (most significant; rs7430339, Pdiscovery = 1.2E-04; rs7429100, Preplication = 2.8E-03). In meta-analysis of the discovery and replication data, the most significant association remained at rs7429100 (P = 1.84E-06). CONCLUSION The results of this exploratory analysis did not find clear evidence for a susceptibility locus with a pleiotropic effect on hereditary breast and colorectal cancer risk, although the suggestive association of genetic variation in the region of ROBO1, a potential tumor suppressor gene, merits further investigation.
Collapse
|
139
|
Gupta-Malhotra M, Hashmi SS, Barratt MS, Milewicz DM, Shete S. Familial aggregation of first degree relatives of children with essential hypertension. Blood Press 2018; 27:289-296. [PMID: 29699426 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2018.1463818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determining familial aggregation is an important first step in narrowing the search for disease-causing genes and hence we determined the familial aggregation of EH among first degree relatives of children with EH. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled children with EH along with their first degree relatives from a tertiary pediatric hypertension clinic in a large ambulatory care center. We utilized rigorous methodology for blood pressure (BP) measurements and diagnoses of EH to reduce the heterogeneity in the phenotype. For those enrolled, parental BP status was confirmed by in-clinic direct BP measurements. We also enrolled control children without EH along with their first degree relatives from the same pediatric ambulatory center. RESULTS In our case-control study of 153 families, the odds of having familial EH was more than 3 times higher among the cases than in controls (OR: 3.63, 95% CI: 1.85-7.12) with 71% of the cases and 41% of the controls reporting familial EH. One parent with EH was seen in 88% of the cases and 52% of the controls (OR: 6.92, 95% CI: 2.68-17.84). The odds of at least one parent (compared to neither) with EH was almost 7-fold higher, and odds of having two parents with EH was 14-fold higher among cases versus controls. The risk of EH did not go back from the first degree relative to the second degree relatives. CONCLUSIONS We identified familial aggregation with an increased liability of childhood onset EH with parental EH. The risk of childhood onset EH is more than doubled in the presence of EH in both parents versus in a single parent. Prediction for childhood-onset EH is improved by obtaining a family history of EH in the first degree relatives.
Collapse
|
140
|
Berntsson SG, Merrell RT, Amirian ES, Armstrong GN, Lachance D, Smits A, Zhou R, Jacobs DI, Wrensch MR, Olson SH, Il'yasova D, Claus EB, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Schildkraut J, Sadetzki S, Johansen C, Houlston RS, Jenkins RB, Bernstein JL, Lai R, Shete S, Amos CI, Bondy ML, Melin BS. Glioma-related seizures in relation to histopathological subtypes: a report from the glioma international case-control study. J Neurol 2018; 265:1432-1442. [PMID: 29687214 PMCID: PMC5990563 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of glioma-related seizures and seizure control at the time of tumor diagnosis with respect to tumor histologic subtypes, tumor treatment and patient characteristics, and to compare seizure history preceding tumor diagnosis (or study enrollment) between glioma patients and healthy controls. METHODS The Glioma International Case Control study (GICC) risk factor questionnaire collected information on demographics, past medical/medication history, and occupational history. Cases from eight centers were also asked detailed questions on seizures in relation to glioma diagnosis; cases (n = 4533) and controls (n = 4171) were also asked about seizures less than 2 years from diagnosis and previous seizure history more than 2 years prior to tumor diagnosis, including childhood seizures. RESULTS Low-grade gliomas (LGGs), particularly oligodendrogliomas/oligoastrocytomas, had the highest proportion of glioma-related seizures. Patients with low-grade astrocytoma demonstrated the most medically refractory seizures. A total of 83% of patients were using only one antiepileptic drug (AED), which was levetiracetam in 71% of cases. Gross total resection was strongly associated with reduced seizure frequency (p < 0.009). No significant difference was found between glioma cases and controls in terms of seizure occurring more than 2 years before diagnosis or during childhood. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that glioma-related seizures were most common in low-grade gliomas. Gross total resection was associated with lower seizure frequency. Additionally, having a history of childhood seizures is not a risk factor ***for developing glioma-related seizures or glioma.
Collapse
|
141
|
Cinciripini PM, Minnix JA, Green CE, Robinson JD, Engelmann JM, Versace F, Wetter DW, Shete S, Karam-Hage M. An RCT with the combination of varenicline and bupropion for smoking cessation: clinical implications for front line use. Addiction 2018; 113:10.1111/add.14250. [PMID: 29679432 PMCID: PMC6196126 DOI: 10.1111/add.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the availability of several efficacious smoking cessation treatments, fewer than 25% of smokers who quit remain abstinent 1 year post-treatment. This study aimed to determine if varenicline and bupropion combination treatment would result in higher abstinence rates than varenicline alone. DESIGN A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group smoking cessation clinical trial in which participants were exposed to 12 weeks of treatment and followed for 12 months. SETTING Hospital-based out-patient clinic in Texas, USA specializing in cancer prevention. PARTICIPANTS A total of 385 community smokers (58.44% male) who smoked 1 pack of cigarettes/day [mean = 19.66 cigarettes/day, standard deviation (SD) = 9.45]; had average carbon monoxide (CO) of 26.43 parts per million (SD = 13.74); and were moderately dependent (Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence = 4.79; SD = 2.07). INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATOR Smokers were randomized in a 3 : 1 (active: Placebo) ratio to 12 weeks of treatment as follows: placebo (n = 56), varenicline (Var; n = 166), and varenicline + bupropion (Combo; n = 163). MEASUREMENTS A priori primary outcome: prolonged abstinence at 12 months. SECONDARY OUTCOMES 7-day point prevalence abstinence and continuous abstinence; all abstinence measures at end of treatment and 6-month follow-ups. FINDINGS Intention-to-treat analysis: the Combo group (n = 163) failed to demonstrate superiority to the Var group (n = 166) for prolonged abstinence at 12 months [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50-1.64], supported by Bayes factor = 0.06. Both the Var (OR = 6.66, 95% CI = 1.61-59.27) and Combo groups (OR = 6.06, 95% CI = 1.45-54.09) demonstrated superiority to the Placebo group (n = 56; score = 8.38, P < 0.016). CONCLUSIONS The addition of bupropion to varenicline treatment does not appear to increase smoking abstinence rates above that of varenicline alone. The findings support previous research showing a consistently favorable effect of both varenicline and the combination of varenicline and bupropion on smoking cessation compared with placebo.
Collapse
|
142
|
Wang J, Talluri R, Shete S. Selection of X-chromosome Inactivation Model. Cancer Inform 2017; 16:1176935117747272. [PMID: 29308008 PMCID: PMC5751921 DOI: 10.1177/1176935117747272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the complexity of the X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) process, we previously developed a unified approach for the association test for X-chromosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the disease of interest, accounting for different biological possibilities of XCI: random, skewed, and escaping XCI. In the original study, we focused on the SNP-disease association test but did not provide knowledge regarding the underlying XCI models. One can use the highest likelihood ratio (LLR) to select XCI models (max-LLR approach). However, that approach does not formally compare the LLRs corresponding to different XCI models to assess whether the models are distinguishable. Therefore, we propose an LLR comparison procedure (comp-LLR approach), inspired by the Cox test, to formally compare the LLRs of different XCI models to select the most likely XCI model that describes the underlying XCI process. We conduct simulation studies to investigate the max-LLR and comp-LLR approaches. The simulation results show that compared with the max-LLR, the comp-LLR approach has higher probability of identifying the correct underlying XCI model for the scenarios when the underlying XCI process is random XCI, escaping XCI, or skewed XCI to the deleterious allele. We applied both approaches to a head and neck cancer genetic study to investigate the underlying XCI processes for the X-chromosomal genetic variants.
Collapse
|
143
|
Karpman MD, Eldridge R, Follis JL, Etzel CJ, Shete S, El-Zein RA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among lung cancer-free smokers: The importance of healthy controls. Respir Investig 2017; 56:28-33. [PMID: 29325677 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in smokers enrolled as "healthy" controls in studies is 10-50%. The COPD status of ideal smoker populations for lung cancer case-control studies should be checked via spirometry; however, this is often not feasible, because no medical indications exist for asymptomatic smokers to undergo spirometry prior to study enrollment. Therefore, there is an unmet need for robust, cost effective assays for identifying undiagnosed lung disease among asymptomatic smokers. Such assays would help excluding unhealthy smokers from lung cancer case-control studies. METHODS We used the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay (a measure of genetic instability) to identify undiagnosed lung disease among asymptomatic smokers. We used a convenience population from an on-going lung cancer case-control study including smokers with lung cancer (n = 454), smoker controls (n = 797), and a self-reported COPD (n = 200) contingent within the smoker controls. RESULTS Significant differences for all CBMN endpoints were observed when comparing lung cancer to All controls (which included COPD) and Healthy controls (with no COPD). The risk ratio (RR) was increased in the COPD group vs. Healthy controls for nuclear buds (RR 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.62), and marginally increased for micronuclei (RR 1.06, 0.98-1.89) and nucleoplasmic bridges (RR 1.07, 0.97-1.15). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of using truly healthy controls in studies geared toward assessment of lung cancer risk. Using genetic instability biomarkers would facilitate the identification of smokers susceptible to tobacco smoke carcinogens and therefore predisposed to either disease.
Collapse
|
144
|
Polfus LM, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA, Metcalf G, Muzny D, Veeraraghavan N, Grove M, Shete S, Wallace S, Milewicz D, Hanchard N, Lupski JR, Hashmi SS, Gupta-Malhotra M. Whole-exome sequencing reveals an inherited R566X mutation of the epithelial sodium channel β-subunit in a case of early-onset phenotype of Liddle syndrome. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 2:a001255. [PMID: 27900368 PMCID: PMC5111009 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To comprehensively evaluate a European–American child with severe hypertension, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the child and parents, which identified causal variation of the proband's early-onset disease. The proband's hypertension was resistant to treatment, requiring a multiple drug regimen including amiloride, spironolactone, and hydrochlorothiazide. We suspected a monogenic form of hypertension because of the persistent hypokalemia with low plasma levels of renin and aldosterone. To address this, we focused on rare functional variants and indels, and performed gene-based tests incorporating linkage scores and allele frequency and filtered on deleterious functional mutations. Drawing upon clinical presentation, 27 genes were selected evidenced to cause monogenic hypertension and matched to the gene-based results. This resulted in the identification of a stop-gain mutation in an epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), SCNN1B, an established Liddle syndrome gene, shared by the child and her father. Interestingly, the father also harbored a missense mutation (p.Trp552Arg) in the α-subunit of the ENaC trimer, SCNN1A, possibly pointing to pseudohypoaldosteronism type I. This case is unique in that we present the early-onset disease and treatment response caused by a canonical stop-gain mutation (p.Arg566*) as well as ENaC digenic hits in the father, emphasizing the utility of WES informing precision medicine.
Collapse
|
145
|
Ostrom Q, Egan K, Nabors B, Amos C, Armstrong G, Bernstein J, Chowdhary S, Claus E, Eckel-Passow J, Gerke T, Houlston R, Il’yasova D, Jenkins R, Johansen C, Lachance D, Lai R, LaRocca R, Lau C, Merrell R, Olson JJ, Olson S, Sadetzki S, Schildkraut J, Shete S, Thompson R, Wrensch M, Wiencke J, Melin B, Bondy M, Barnholtz-Sloan J. GENE-47. EVALUATING GLIOMA RISK ASSOCIATED WITH EXTENT OF EUROPEAN ADMIXTURE IN AFRICAN-AMERICANS AND LATINOS. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
146
|
Ostrom Q, Rubin J, Lathia J, Berens M, Speyer G, Coleman W, Huang W, Liao P, Amos C, Armstrong G, Bernstein J, Claus E, Eckel-Passow J, Hansen H, Houlston R, Il’yasova D, Jenkins R, Johansen C, Lachance D, Lai R, Lau C, McCoy L, Merrell R, Olson S, Rice T, Sadetzki S, Schildkraut J, Shete S, Wiencke J, Melin B, Wrensch M, Bondy M, Barnholtz-Sloan J. GENE-53. SEX-SPECIFIC GENE AND PATHWAY MODELING OF INHERITED GLIOMA RISK. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
147
|
El-Zein RA, Abdel-Rahman S, Santee KJ, Yu R, Shete S. Identification of Small and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Markers in Peripheral Blood Using Cytokinesis-Blocked Micronucleus and Spectral Karyotyping Assays. Cytogenet Genome Res 2017; 152:122-131. [DOI: 10.1159/000479809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive form of lung cancer. There is an urgent need to develop tools to identify individuals at high risk of developing SCLC. We have previously reported that the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a strong predictor of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we investigate the sensitivity of the CBMN endpoints as predictors of SCLC risk. We conducted the CBMN assay on SCLC patients (n = 216), NSCLC patients (n = 173), and healthy controls (n = 204). Per sample, 1,000 binucleated cells (BN) were scored, and 3 endpoints, micronuclei (BN-MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (BN-NPB), and nuclear buds(BN-BUD), were recorded. Spectral karyotyping was also conducted on SCLC patients (n = 116) and NSCLC patients (n = 137) to identify genomic regions unique to each disease. Significantly higher levels of CBMN endpoints were observed in both cancer groups compared to controls. BN-NPBs were significantly higher among SCLC patients compared to NSCLC patients (p < 0.001). Chromosomes 5 and 17 were associated with BN-MN, and chromosomes 5, 18, 20, and 22 were associated with BN-NPBs in SCLC patients. Given the high frequency of chromosome aberrations observed in SCLC, events such as reinsertion of the micronucleus and chromothripsis may be potential mechanisms for the genetic instability in these patients.
Collapse
|
148
|
Verma A, Shete S, Kulkarni D, Bhogal RS. Effect of yoga practices on micronutrient absorption in urban residential school children. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1254-1258. [PMID: 28744059 PMCID: PMC5509603 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was conducted with a view to find out the effect of yoga practices
on micronutrient absorption in urban residential school children. [Subjects and Methods]
The study population comprised 66 urban school children aged 11–15 years staying in a
residential school in Pune City, Maharashtra, India. A stratified random sampling method
was used to divide the students into experimental and control groups. There were 33
students in experimental group and 33 students in control group. Both experimental and
control groups were assessed for the status of zinc, copper, iron and magnesium at the
baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of yoga training. The study participants of
experimental group underwent yoga training for 12 weeks, for one hour in the morning for
six days a week. The control group did not undergo any yoga training during this time
period. [Results] The experimental group participants showed significant improvement in
micronutrient absorption as compared to control group. [Conclusion] The findings of this
study indicate that yoga practices could improve micronutrient absorption in urban
residential school children.
Collapse
|
149
|
Ostrom QT, Kinnersley B, Wrensch M, Eckel-Passow JE, Armstrong G, Rice T, Chen Y, Wiencke J, McCoy L, Hansen H, Amos C, Bernstein JL, Claus EB, Il'yasova D, Johansen C, Lachance D, Lai R, Lau CC, Merrell RT, Olson SH, Sadetzki S, Schildkraut J, Shete S, Houlston RS, Jenkins RB, Melin B, Bondy M, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Abstract 1315: Estimating sex-specific effects of genetic loci associated with glioma risk. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Incidence of glioma varies significantly by sex, and most glioma histologies occur with greater incidence in males. Previous analyses have examined the impact of estrogen exposure as a risk factor for these tumors, but have found results of varying significance and low effect size. There may be differences in effect of previously discovered risk alleles that contribute to sex differences.
METHODS: Using data collected for three previous glioma GWAS in European-ancestry populations (MD Anderson Cancer Center, the San Francisco Adult Glioma Study, and the Glioma International Case Control Study) we assessed sex-specific effects for 14 previously identified and 13 newly identified glioma risk SNPs (27 total) overall and for glioblastoma (GBM) and non-GBM tumors separately. There were 3,892 male cases (59% GBM), 4,522 male controls, 2,500 female cases (52% GBM) and 4,940 female controls. Sex-specific odds ratios (ORM and ORF), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and p values (pM and pF) were generated using stratified logistic regression models. Data from each study were analyzed separately and combined using inverse variance weighted meta-analysis. Results were considered statistically significant at p<6.2x10-4.
RESULTS: In GBM, rs11979158 (7p11.2, pM=1.01x10-10, ORM=1.43 [95% CI: 1.28-1.59]; pF=3.43x10-3, ORF=1.22 [95% CI: 1.07-1.39]) and rs2562152 (16p13.3, pM=5.59x10-4, ORM=1.23 [95% CI: 1.09-1.39]; pF=1.22x10-1, ORF=1.12 [95% CI: 0.97-1.29]) had significant effect in males only. In non-GBM gliomas, rs12076373 (1q44, pM=3.56x10-7, ORM=1.41, 95% CI: 1.23-1.61; pF=1.76x10-2, ORF=1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.38), rs11979158 (7p11.2, pM=1.77x10-5, ORM=1.32 [95% CI: 1.16-1.49]; pF=2.73x10-1, ORF=1.08 [95% CI: 0.94-1.24]), and rs3751667 (16p13.3, pM=9.44x10-7, ORM=1.30 [95% CI: 1.17-1.44]; pF=5.18x10-2, ORF=1.13 [95% CI: 1.00-1.28]) had significant effect in males only. Effect size for rs55705857 (8q24.21) varied significantly by sex, with ORM=2.63 (95% CI: 2.24-3.09, pM=4.42x10-32), as compared to ORF=3.95 (95% CI: 3.28-4.76, pF=1.82x10-47). A sensitivity analysis was performed due to allele frequency heterogeneity by study and results did not change.
CONCLUSIONS: Sex differences and other demographic differences in cancer susceptibility can provide important clues to etiology, and these differences can be leveraged for discovery in genetic association studies. Significant differences in effect size may suggest variation in genetic effect of risk alleles or in unidentified risk factors that vary in prevalence or effect by sex. There may also be differences in the distribution of molecular subtypes within each histology by sex. Further investigation using an agnostic approach may further elucidate the relationship between effect of risk alleles and sex.
Citation Format: Quinn T. Ostrom, Ben Kinnersley, Margaret Wrensch, Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, Georgina Armstrong, Terri Rice, Yanwen Chen, John Wiencke, Lucie McCoy, Helen Hansen, Christopher Amos, Jonine L. Bernstein, Elizabeth B. Claus, Dora Il'yasova, Christoffer Johansen, Daniel Lachance, Rose Lai, Ching C. Lau, Ryan T. Merrell, Sara H. Olson, Siegal Sadetzki, Joellen Schildkraut, Sanjay Shete, Richard S. Houlston, Robert B. Jenkins, Beatrice Melin, Melissa Bondy, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan. Estimating sex-specific effects of genetic loci associated with glioma risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1315. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1315
Collapse
|
150
|
Melin BS, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Wrensch MR, Johansen C, Il'yasova D, Kinnersley B, Ostrom QT, Labreche K, Chen Y, Armstrong G, Liu Y, Eckel-Passow JE, Decker PA, Labussière M, Idbaih A, Hoang-Xuan K, Di Stefano AL, Mokhtari K, Delattre JY, Broderick P, Galan P, Gousias K, Schramm J, Schoemaker MJ, Fleming SJ, Herms S, Heilmann S, Nöthen MM, Wichmann HE, Schreiber S, Swerdlow A, Lathrop M, Simon M, Sanson M, Andersson U, Rajaraman P, Chanock S, Linet M, Wang Z, Yeager M, Wiencke JK, Hansen H, McCoy L, Rice T, Kosel ML, Sicotte H, Amos CI, Bernstein JL, Davis F, Lachance D, Lau C, Merrell RT, Shildkraut J, Ali-Osman F, Sadetzki S, Scheurer M, Shete S, Lai RK, Claus EB, Olson SH, Jenkins RB, Houlston RS, Bondy ML. Genome-wide association study of glioma subtypes identifies specific differences in genetic susceptibility to glioblastoma and non-glioblastoma tumors. Nat Genet 2017; 49:789-794. [PMID: 28346443 PMCID: PMC5558246 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of glioma susceptibility, but individual studies have had limited power to identify risk loci. We performed a meta-analysis of existing GWAS and two new GWAS, which totaled 12,496 cases and 18,190 controls. We identified five new loci for glioblastoma (GBM) at 1p31.3 (rs12752552; P = 2.04 × 10-9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.22), 11q14.1 (rs11233250; P = 9.95 × 10-10, OR = 1.24), 16p13.3 (rs2562152; P = 1.93 × 10-8, OR = 1.21), 16q12.1 (rs10852606; P = 1.29 × 10-11, OR = 1.18) and 22q13.1 (rs2235573; P = 1.76 × 10-10, OR = 1.15), as well as eight loci for non-GBM tumors at 1q32.1 (rs4252707; P = 3.34 × 10-9, OR = 1.19), 1q44 (rs12076373; P = 2.63 × 10-10, OR = 1.23), 2q33.3 (rs7572263; P = 2.18 × 10-10, OR = 1.20), 3p14.1 (rs11706832; P = 7.66 × 10-9, OR = 1.15), 10q24.33 (rs11598018; P = 3.39 × 10-8, OR = 1.14), 11q21 (rs7107785; P = 3.87 × 10-10, OR = 1.16), 14q12 (rs10131032; P = 5.07 × 10-11, OR = 1.33) and 16p13.3 (rs3751667; P = 2.61 × 10-9, OR = 1.18). These data substantiate that genetic susceptibility to GBM and non-GBM tumors are highly distinct, which likely reflects different etiology.
Collapse
|