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Zhang S, Han D, Tan X, Feng J, Guo Y, Ding Y. Diagnostic accuracy of 18 F-FDG and 11 C-PIB-PET for prediction of short-term conversion to Alzheimer's disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Int J Clin Pract 2012; 66:185-98. [PMID: 22257044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of PET imaging in the prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) conversion has been the subject of many longitudinal studies. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of (18) F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and (11) C-Pittsburgh Compound B-positron emission tomography (PIB-PET) for prediction of short-term conversion to AD in patients with MCI. The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for relevant studies. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. Sensitivities and specificities of PET in individual studies were calculated and meta-analysis was undertaken with a random-effects model. A summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was constructed with the Moses-Shapiro-Littenberg method. Heterogeneity was tested, and the presence of publication bias was assessed. Potential sources for heterogeneity were explored by assessing whether or not certain covariates significantly influenced the relative diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), DOR and the SROC curve of each PET imaging were determined. A total of 13 research studies (seven FDG-PET and six PIB-PET) met inclusion criteria and had sufficient data for statistical analysis. FDG-PET pooled estimates had 78.7% sensitivity (95% CI, 68.7-86.6%),74.0% specificity (95% CI, 67.0-80.3%), 18.1 LR+(95% CI, 7.3-45.0) and 0.32 LR-(95% CI, 0.16-0.61); and PIB-PET pooled estimates had 93.5% sensitivity (95%CI, 71.3-99.9%), 56.2% specificity (95% CI, 47.2-64.8%), 2.01 LR+ (95% CI, 1.57-2.58) and 0.17 LR-(95% CI, 0.08-0.36). Overall DOR was 17.3 (95% CI, 5.08-59.2) for FDG-PET and 12.8 (95% CI, 5.35-30.54) for PIB-PET. Area under the SROC curve was 0.88 ± 0.05 for FDG-PET and 0.85 ± 0.04 for PIB-PET. The data from FDG-PET research studies had high heterogeneity and funnel plot suggested a publication bias. The diagnostic accuracy determined for both FDG-PET and PIB-PET in this meta-analysis suggests that they are potentially valuable techniques for prediction of progression in patients with MCI. Both have their advantages and their combined use is a promising option for prediction purposes depending on availability and experience.
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da Costa LM, Hayaki S, Stoyanov SR, Gusarov S, Tan X, Gray MR, Stryker JM, Tykwinski R, Carneiro JWDM, Sato H, Seidl PR, Kovalenko A. 3D-RISM-KH molecular theory of solvation and density functional theory investigation of the role of water in the aggregation of model asphaltenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3922-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23131j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guo HZ, Mudryk Y, Ahmad MI, Pang XC, Zhao L, Akinc M, Pecharsky VK, Bowler N, Lin ZQ, Tan X. Structure evolution and dielectric behavior of polystyrene-capped barium titanate nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang R, Dong L, Shao F, Tan X, Ying K. Antipsychotics and venous thromboembolism risk: a meta-analysis. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2011; 44:183-8. [PMID: 21739416 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1280814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotics have been inconclusively implicated in susceptibility to venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate the association between antipsychotic drugs and VTE risk by a meta-analysis. PubMed and EmBASE databases were searched for publications through to 10 October 2010. Statistical analysis was performed using Revman 4.2 and Stata 10.0 software. RESULTS 7 case-control studies involving 31 095 cases and 143 472 controls were analyzed. The results indicate that antipsychotic exposure confers a 139 % increased risk of VTE (odds ratio [OR] = 2.39, 95 % confidence interval [CI]:1.71–3.35). Pooled estimates by drug type showed that use of low-potency antipsychotics (OR = 2.91, 95 % CI 1.80–4.71) is the most important risk factor for VTE, followed by atypical (OR = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.22–3.96), conventional (OR = 1.72, 95 % CI 1.31–2.24) and high-potency drugs (OR = 1.58, 95 % CI 1.50–1.67). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that antipsychotics are a risk factor for VTE. Additional studies in large cohorts are required to validate our findings. Future analyses should study potential eff ect modifications by different doses and durations of antipsychotic exposure in different populations.
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Hopfer S, Wylie J, Tan X. P2-S5.05 Risk Profiles of Winnipeg Street Populations: A latent class analysis. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tan X, Frederick J, Ma C, Jo W, Rödel J. Can an electric field induce an antiferroelectric phase out of a ferroelectric phase? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:255702. [PMID: 21231602 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.255702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that electric fields favor the ferroelectric phase with parallel electric dipoles over the antiferroelectric phase. With detailed measurements in polycrystalline ceramics of Pb(0.99)Nb(0.02[(Zr(0.57)Sn(0.43)(1-y)Ti(y)](0.98)O(3), we demonstrate in this Letter that electric fields can induce an antiferroelectric phase out of a ferroelectric phase, i.e., trigger an apparently unlikely ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric phase transition. We suggest that it is caused by the volume contraction from the converse piezoelectric effect at the coercive field with a reversed polarity.
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Smith DD, Tan X, Tawfik O, Milne G, Stechschulte DJ, Dileepan KN. Increased aortic atherosclerotic plaque development in female apolipoprotein E-null mice is associated with elevated thromboxane A2 and decreased prostacyclin production. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2010; 61:309-316. [PMID: 20610861 PMCID: PMC3515053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The production of thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) and prostacyclin (prostaglandin I(2), PGI(2)) is known to be increased in patients with atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the influence of gender on TXA(2) and PGI(2) production, and their association with the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null (ApoE(-/-)) mice maintained on a high fat diet for 3 months. En face analyses of aortas showed marked increases in plaque formation in female ApoE(-/-) mice. Quantification of the hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) stained cross sections of the aortic arch revealed 3 to 4-fold higher plaque thickness in female ApoE(-/-) mice. Analyses of 24-hours urine samples for 11-dehydro TXB(2) and 2, 3-dinor-6-keto PGF(1a) indicated that female ApoE(-/-) mice produce up to 15-fold more TXA(2) and 50% less PGI(2) than the age matched males. Interestingly, the serum cholesterol levels in ApoE(-/-) females were 20% lower than males on the high fat regimen. No gender-associated changes in the number of T lymphocytes, mast cells and macrophages were evident in the lesion areas of ApoE(-/-) mice. The results suggest that the markedly elevated TXA(2) production and reduced PGI(2) production are gender-related proatherogenic risk factors in female ApoE(-/-) mice.
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Mather KA, Jorm AF, Milburn PJ, Tan X, Easteal S, Christensen H. No Associations Between Telomere Length and Age-Sensitive Indicators of Physical Function in Mid and Later Life. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:792-9. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Reichelt M, Ashton K, Mustafa S, Tang B, Ledent C, Tan X, Headrick J, Morrison R. Selective Effects of Intrinsic A2AAR Activity on Cardiac and Coronary Injuries with LPS Challenge. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu TY, Zhao L, Tan X, Liu SJ, Li JJ, Qi Y, Mao GZ. Effects of physicochemical factors on Cr(VI) removal from leachate by zero-valent iron and alpha-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2010; 61:2759-2767. [PMID: 20489248 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nanoparticle dosage, initial hexavalent chromium concentration, pH value, reaction temperature, and initial concentration of humic acid (HA) on chromate (CrO(4)(2-)) removal from landfill leachate by nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) and hematite (alpha-Fe(2)O(3)) nanoparticles were examined in the present investigations. The Cr(VI) removal rate decreased as the initial Cr(VI) concentration and the reaction temperature increased, whereas corresponding removal rate by NZVI was higher than that of alpha-Fe(2)O(3). The optimum pH for the removal of Cr(VI) by NZVI was found to be 5.0 and more than 99.0% of Cr(VI) was removed within 5 h. However, the removal rate by alpha-Fe(2)O(3) decreased as pH increased. Presence of HA resulted in substantial reduction in the rate and extent of Cr(VI) removal by NZVI, whereas Cr(VI) removal rate by alpha-Fe(2)O(3) did not significantly decrease as HA concentration increased from 0.5 g/L to 3.0 g/L. Increasing the dosage of nanoparticles enhanced the rate constant and the removal of Cr(VI) by NZVI and alpha-Fe(2)O(3) followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The information should be very useful for the successful application of NZVI and alpha-Fe(2)O(3) for the treatment of groundwater or raw wastewater.
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Tan X, Luo Y, Wang P. P3.057 The roles of iron, Mn, zinc on the PD development? Relationship between food intake and serum concentrations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ma C, Yan JQ, Dennis K, McCallum R, Tan X. Synthesis, thermal stability and magnetic properties of the Lu1−xLaxMn2O5 solid solution. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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138
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Blattman J, Tan X, Sande J, Pufnock J, Greenberg P. P02-05. All-trans retinoic acid during vaccination increases Ag-specific CD8 T cell homing to mucosal sites and improves recall responses to vaginal challenge. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767582 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ma C, Yan JQ, Dennis KW, Llobet A, McCallum RW, Tan X. Effect of oxygen content on the magnetic properties of multiferroic YMn(2)O(5+δ). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:346002. [PMID: 21715792 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/34/346002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of oxygen content on magnetic properties in the multiferroic YMn(2)O(5+δ) system was investigated with samples prepared under different oxygen pressures. Our results show that, with increasing oxygen content, the magnetic response changes from being dominated by the anomaly at ∼45 K to the one around 20 K. However, specific heat measurements and neutron powder diffraction studies indicate that the presence of the magnetic transition at ∼45 K is independent of oxygen content. The results suggest that oxygen nonstoichiometry can be one important degree of freedom in manipulating the multiferroic properties.
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Peng G, Wu W, Tan X, Sun Z, Chen Y, Chen Z. The Study on the Characters of HBV-specific T Cells and Liver Damage between HBeAg(+) and HBeAg(−) CHB Patients. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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141
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Li L, Yang G, Li Q, Tan X, Liu H, Tang Y, Boden G. Exenatide prevents fat-induced insulin resistance and raises adiponectin expression and plasma levels. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10:921-30. [PMID: 18093209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exenatide (exendin-4) can reduce blood glucose levels, increase insulin secretion and improve insulin sensitivity through mechanisms that are not completely understood. METHODS In the present study, we examined the effects of exenatide treatment on glucose tolerance (intravenous glucose tolerance test), insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps), insulin signalling (insulin receptor substrate 1 tyrosine phosphorylation) and adipocytokine levels (visfatin and adiponectin) in high fat-fed rats. RESULTS Administration of exenatide (0.5 or 2.0 mug/kg twice daily x 6 weeks) prevented high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increases in body weight, plasma free fatty acids, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Exenatide also prevented HFD-induced deterioration in peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, insulin clearance, glucose tolerance and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in fat and skeletal muscles. Interestingly, plasma visfatin levels decreased in exenatide-treated rats, whereas expression and plasma levels of adiponectin increased. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that chronic exenatide treatment enhances insulin sensitivity and protects against high fat-induced insulin resistance.
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Li C, He X, Kuang W, Han T, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Tan X. Macrophage activation sydrome with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SOJIA) in Chinese childern. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2008. [PMCID: PMC3334092 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-6-s1-p33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Xu W, Li X, Chen S, Huang J, Lin S, Lin J, Li Y, Tan X. Expression and distribution of S-100, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in tissues of thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Histochem 2008; 52:153-62. [PMID: 18840555 DOI: 10.4081/1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) and apoptosis play a critical role in the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma (TC). This study was designed to investigate the expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in the thyroid tissues of thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) and their role in TPC pathogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining techniques and other methods were used on pathological tissues of 30 patients with Thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) and 30 cases of thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA,as control) to detect the expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83, Fas, FasL and Bcl-2. A higher expression of S-100 protein in TPC (4.6+/-3.2%) vs.TFA (0.95+/-0.64%) (p<0.001) was observed as well as a higher expression of CD83 in the peri-cancerous tissues (PCT) (32.51+/-22.32) vs. TFA (5.19+/-8.08) (p<0.001), oppositely, CD83 was negative in the cancerous net.TPC showed greater increases in levels of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 than did the TFA. Our findings suggest that impaired immune function, absence of CD83-positive mature and activated dendritic cells in cancer nodules may have a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid papillary carcinoma.The regulation of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 in TPC may help them evade the immune system.
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Rogers J, Schoepp RJ, Schröder O, Clements TL, Holland TF, Li JQ, Li J, Lewis LM, Dirmeier RP, Frey GJ, Tan X, Wong K, Woodnutt G, Keller M, Reed DS, Kimmel BE, Tozer EC. Rapid discovery and optimization of therapeutic antibodies against emerging infectious diseases. Protein Eng Des Sel 2008; 21:495-505. [PMID: 18480090 PMCID: PMC2461042 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzn027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a comprehensive set of discovery and optimization tools, antibodies were produced with the ability to neutralize SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection in Vero E6 cells and in animal models. These anti-SARS antibodies were discovered using a novel DNA display method, which can identify new antibodies within days. Once neutralizing antibodies were identified, a comprehensive and effective means of converting the mouse sequences to human frameworks was accomplished using HuFR™ (human framework reassembly) technology. The best variant (61G4) from this screen showed a 3.5–4-fold improvement in neutralization of SARS-CoV infection in vitro. Finally, using a complete site-saturation mutagenesis methodology focused on the CDR (complementarity determining regions), a single point mutation (51E7) was identified that improved the 80% plaque reduction neutralization of the virus by greater than 8-fold. These discovery and evolution strategies can be applied to any emerging pathogen or toxin where a causative agent is known.
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Tan X, Hu SH, Wang XL. The effect of dietary l-carnitine supplementation on pulmonary hypertension syndrome mortality in broilers exposed to low temperatures. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2008; 92:203-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
An analytical model is developed for calculation of the surface energy of a nanowire based on thermodynamics and continuum medium mechanics. The core-shell structure and the outer surface skin of the nanowire are considered for the one-dimensional nanostructure and contributions from chemical and structural effects to the surface energy are discussed. It is found that the surface energy of nanowires decreases with the diameter reduction, which induces the melting temperature depression of nanowires. Theoretical results are in agreement with the results of experiments and simulations.
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Tan X, Huang YJ, Jiang YW, Hu SH. Persistence of oxytetracycline residues in milk after the intrauterine treatment of lactating cows for endometritis. Vet Rec 2007; 161:585-6. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.161.17.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tagaya H, Uchiyama M, Kamei Y, Shibui K, Ozaki A, Tan X, Suzuki H, Okada-Aritake S, Li L. Subjective sleep duration was not related with sleep duration but with wake duration in healthy male volunteers. Clin Neurophysiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang XL, Huang C, Qiao XG, Yao L, Zhao DX, Tan X. Photo-induced lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes by a bis-methanophosphonate fullerene. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1493-8. [PMID: 17686607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using human erythrocyte membranes (EMs) as a model system, we have examined photo-induced lipid peroxidation by a bis-methanophosphonate fullerene (BMPF) and four other fullerene derivatives including a mono-methanophosphonic acid fullerene (MMPF), a dimalonic acid C(60) (DMA C(60)), a trimalonic acid C(60) (TMA C(60)) and a polyhydroxylated fullerene (fullerol). Lipid peroxidation was assessed as the malondialdehyde (MDA) level measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay. It was observed that BMPF increased the MDA level of EMs after irradiation in both time- and dose-dependent manners. The photo-induced activity became very significant (p<0.01) under the conditions of either the concentration of 10 microM and irradiation time of 30 min or the concentration of 5 microM and irradiation time of 60 min. Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the activity was also examined by specific inhibitors of singlet oxygen, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. While all three kinds were found responsible for the activity, the former two might play more important roles than the last one. Furthermore, the activity of BMPF was the strongest among all tested fullerene derivatives. These results indicated BMPF was a potential photosensitizer that would find application in photodynamic therapy.
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Chipman P, Jorm AF, Prior M, Sanson A, Smart D, Tan X, Easteal S. No interaction between the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and childhood adversity or recent stressful life events on symptoms of depression: results from two community surveys. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:561-5. [PMID: 17450557 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated interactions between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and environmental risk factors (G x E) on symptoms of depression in two large Australian community samples of adolescents and young adults. We postulated that a significant interaction between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and environmental risk factors of childhood adversity or stressful life events on symptoms of depression would be observed in subjects with at least one short allele (s/l or s/s) compared with subjects with no short alleles (l/l). We did not find significant G x E interactions between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and recent stressful life events or childhood adversity on symptoms of depression in our sample populations. However, we did find adolescents aged 17-18 years homozygous for the long allele (l/l) and exposed to persistently high levels of family adversity over a 6-year period were at a greater risk of depression than subjects with the same genotype exposed to no or persistently low levels of family adversity. This interaction should be interpreted cautiously due to the small number of depressed subjects in the sample with persistently high levels of family adversity.
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