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Tintelnot K, Losert H. Isolation of Cryptococcus adeliensis from clinical samples and the environment in Germany. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1007. [PMID: 15695732 PMCID: PMC548102 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.2.1007.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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127
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Ben-Yosef R, Zeira M, Polacheck I. The effect of radiation therapy on fungal growth: results of in vitro and in vivo studies. J Infect 2005; 50:450-2. [PMID: 15907555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of radiation therapy (XRT) on the growth of Candida and Cryptococcus. METHODS (I) In vitro study: suspensions of Candida and Cryptococcus were irradiated by 0-20 Gy, and colony forming units (CFUs) were counted after 2 and 11 days. (II) In vivo study: (A) The XRT effect-Balb/c mice were injected with Candida or Cryptococcus and irradiated by 5 or 10 Gy. Homogenates of their kidneys or brains were cultured and CFUs were counted two days later. (B) Toxicity-Balb/c mice were injected with Candida and irradiated by 5 Gy. Control mice were either injected or irradiated. Overall survival was documented for all animals. RESULTS (I) The CFU counts in the irradiated and non-irradiated mice were similar at days 2 and 11. (II) (A)-The CFUs were significantly low for both Candida and Cryptococcus injected and irradiated mice (p=0.02). (II) (B)-The overall survival of the injected mice was not affected by the additional irradiation and it was inferior to the irradiated mice only. CONCLUSIONS XRT has a beneficial inhibitive effect on the in vivo but not the in vitro growth of fungi. It does not decrease the survival rate of injected mice. Clinical studies in selected patients with resistant invasive fungal infection are warranted.
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Allen TW, Quayyum HA, Burpee LL, Buck JW. Effect of foliar disease on the epiphytic yeast communities of creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Can J Microbiol 2005; 50:853-60. [PMID: 15644900 DOI: 10.1139/w04-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of mechanical wounding or foliar diseases caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa or Rhizoctonia solani on the epiphytic yeast communities on creeping bentgrass and tall fescue were determined by leaf washing and dilution plating. Total yeast communities on healthy bentgrass and tall fescue leaves ranged from 7.9 x 103 to 1.4 x 105 CFU.cm-2 and from 2.4 x 103 to 1.6 x 104 CFU.cm-2, respectively. Mechanically wounded leaves (1 of 2 trials) and leaves with disease lesions (11 of 12 trials) supported significantly larger communities of phylloplane yeasts. Total yeast communities on S. homoeocarpa infected or R. solani infected bentgrass leaves were 3.6-10.2 times and 6.2-6.4 times larger, respectively, than the communities on healthy leaves. In general, healthy and diseased bentgrass leaves supported larger yeast communities than healthy or diseased tall fescue leaves. We categorized the majority of yeasts as white-pigmented species, including Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus flavus, Pseudozyma antarctica, Pseudozyma aphidis, and Pseudozyma parantarctica. The percentage of pink yeasts in the total yeast community ranged from 2.6% to 9.9% on healthy leaves and increased to 32.0%-44.7% on S. homoeocarpa infected leaves. Pink-pigmented yeasts included Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Sakaguchia dacryoidea, and Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Foliar disease significantly affected community size and composition of epiphytic yeasts on bentgrass and tall fescue.
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129
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Shin KS, Park YH, Park DJ, Kim CJ. Cryptococcus taeanensis sp. nov., a new anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast isolated from a salt farm. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:1365-1368. [PMID: 15879283 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus taeanensis, a new anamorphic yeast species originating from a salt farm on the Taean peninsula in Korea, is described. Strain 3-12(T) grew by budding, contained ubiquinone Q-10 and xylose in cell hydrolysates, utilized d-glucuronate and did not ferment D-glucose. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the large-subunit rRNA D1/D2 domain and ITS region sequences placed C. taeanensis near Auriculibuller fuscus and Bullera japonica, recently proposed taxa of the Tremellales. However, these species were distinguishable based on standard physiological tests used for yeast identification, with characteristics including the assimilation of L-sorbose, absence of ballistoconidia, no arbutin hydrolysis and no growth in the presence of 0.01 % cycloheximide. The isolate exhibited the typical physiology of the genus Cryptococcus Vuillemin, but its large-subunit rRNA D1/D2 domain sequence was clearly distinct from previously described species in the genus. Therefore, on the basis of these results, Cryptococcus taeanensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 3-12(T) (=KCTC 17149(T) = CBS 9742(T)).
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MESH Headings
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Arbutin/metabolism
- Cryptococcus/classification
- Cryptococcus/cytology
- Cryptococcus/isolation & purification
- Cryptococcus/physiology
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/isolation & purification
- Genes, Fungal
- Genes, rRNA
- Geologic Sediments/microbiology
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glucuronates/metabolism
- Korea
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sodium Chloride
- Soil Microbiology
- Sorbose/metabolism
- Ubiquinone/isolation & purification
- Xylose/isolation & purification
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130
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Kovalenko OH, Barkalova AO, Nahorrna SS. [Antiphytoviral activity of capsule substances of Cryptococcus albidus yeast]. MIKROBIOLOHICHNYI ZHURNAL (KIEV, UKRAINE : 1993) 2005; 67:81-4. [PMID: 16018209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The yeast Cryptococcus albidus isolated from the leaves of maize (strain 1003) and cucumbers (strain 1014) produce the capsule substances which can protect the tobacco and datura plants from tobacco mosaic virus. Proteins, carbohydrates and ash elements have been isolated from culture liquids treated by supersound.
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131
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Middelhoven WJ. Cryptococcus allantoinivorans sp.nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast (Tremellales) physiologically resembling other species of the Cryptococcus laurentii complex that degrade polysaccharides and C2 compounds. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2005; 87:101-8. [PMID: 15793619 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-004-1728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel Cryptococcus species is proposed to accommodate a yeast strain (CBS 9604) able to assimilate allantoin as sole carbon source, a characteristic very uncommon among yeasts. By traditional methods, the strain could not be distinguished from Cryptococcus laurentii, but nucleotide sequences of the D1D2 region of the large subunit (26S) and of the ITS region of ribosomal DNA showed relationship to the Bulleromyces clade of the genus Cryptococcus (order Tremellales) with some Tremella spp. as the closest relatives. A traditional morphological and physiological description of the strain is given. Data on the assimilation of some C2 compounds and polysaccharides are provided and compared with those of other type strains of novel species of the C. laurentii complex.
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MESH Headings
- Allantoin/metabolism
- Cryptococcus/classification
- Cryptococcus/isolation & purification
- Cryptococcus/metabolism
- Cryptococcus/physiology
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/isolation & purification
- Genes, rRNA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycological Typing Techniques
- Phylogeny
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Soil Microbiology
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132
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O'Brien CR, Krockenberger MB, Wigney DI, Martin P, Malik R. Retrospective study of feline and canine cryptococcosis in Australia from 1981 to 2001: 195 cases. Med Mycol 2005; 42:449-60. [PMID: 15552647 DOI: 10.1080/13693780310001624547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective study of 155 cats and 40 dogs diagnosed with cryptococcosis between 1981 and 2001 was undertaken. Age, sex, breed, clinical findings, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus status (in cats), species of Cryptococcus causing disease and region of domicile were recorded. Associations between variables were tested. Male and female cats were affected equally. Age ranged from 1 to 16 years, with a preponderance of cats aged between 2 and 3 years. Siamese, Himalayan and Ragdoll breeds were over-represented. Rural cats were more frequently infected with Cryptococcus gattii. Retroviral infection was not identified as a predisposing condition and was not correlated with either species of Cryptococcus or physical findings. Most cats had signs of nasal cavity infection, which was typically localised for a substantial period before invasion of adjacent structures or dissemination. Male and female dogs were affected equally. A marked preponderance of young, large breed dogs was noted. Border Collies, Boxers, Dalmatians, Dobermann Pinschers, Great Danes and German Shepherds were over-represented. Cryptococcus species involved was not affected by place of domicile. Although nasal cavity involvement was important, the canine cohort had a greater propensity to develop secondary central nervous system involvement and disseminated disease than feline cases. There were no clinical findings in either cats or dogs which could be reliably used to distinguish disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii from disease caused by Cryptococcus gattii. Both Cryptococcus species appear to be primary pathogens of cats and dogs, with the upper respiratory tract presumed to be the predominant primary site of inoculation in most but not all cases.
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133
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Nadkarni TD, Menon RK, Desai KI, Goel A. A solitary cryptococcal granuloma in an immunocompetent host. Neurol India 2005; 53:365-7. [PMID: 16230819 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.16950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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134
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Garbyal RS, Basu D, Roy S, Kumar P. Cryptococcal lymphadenitis: report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytol 2005; 49:58-60. [PMID: 15717756 DOI: 10.1159/000326096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptococcosis is one of the opportunistic infections in AIDS, and therefore an expeditious diagnosis is of the utmost importance since once a cryptococcal infection disseminates, it becomes life threatening. CASE A 40-year-old woman presented with epistaxis, fever and cervical lymphadenopathy for 20 days. Fine needle aspiration showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with plump, histiocytoid cells resembling metastatic deposits. The second aspirate showed ovoid to spherical, thick-walled structures that stained positive for periodic acid-Schiff stain and mucicarmine. CONCLUSION Lymph node fine needle aspiration cytology provides an economical and rather quickly accomplished cytodiagnostic result.
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135
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Botes AL, Lotter J, Rhode OHJ, Botha A. Interspecies differences in the enantioselectivity of epoxide hydrolases in Cryptococcus laurentii (Kufferath) C.E. Skinner and Cryptococcus podzolicus (Bab’jeva & Reshetova) Golubev. Syst Appl Microbiol 2005; 28:27-33. [PMID: 15709362 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Isolates representing Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus podzolicus, originating from soil of a heathland indigenous to South Africa, were screened for the presence of enantioselective epoxide hydrolases for 2,2-disubstituted epoxides. Epoxide hydrolase activity for the 2,2-disubstituted epoxide (+/-)-2-methyl-2-pentyl oxirane was found to be abundantly present in all isolates. The stereochemistry of the products formed by the epoxide hydrolase enzymes from isolates belonging to the two species (11 isolates representing C. laurentii and 23 isolates representing C. podzolicus) was investigated. The enantiopreferences of the epoxide hydrolases for 2,2-disubstituted epoxides of these two species were found to be opposite. All strains of C. laurentii preferentially hydrolysed the (S)-epoxides while all C. podzolicus isolates preferentially hydrolysed the (R)-epoxides of (+/-)-2,2-disubstituted epoxides. These findings indicate that the stereochemistry of the products formed from 2,2-disubstituted epoxides by the epoxide hydrolase enzymes of these yeasts should be evaluated as additional taxonomic criterion within the genus Cryptococcus. Also, the selectivity of some epoxide hydrolases originating from isolates of C. podzolicus was high enough to be considered for application in biotransformations for the synthesis of enantiopure epoxides and vicinal diols.
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136
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Golubev WI, Sampaio JP, Alves L, Golubev NW. Cryptococcus festucosus sp. nov. a new hymenomycetous yeast in the Holtermannia clade. Can J Microbiol 2004; 50:1001-6. [PMID: 15714230 DOI: 10.1139/w04-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Five yeast strains belonging to the genus Cryptococcus Vuillemin were isolated from steppe plants and turf collected in the Prioksko-terrasny biosphere reserve (Moscow region, Russia). Sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domains of the 26S rDNA and of the internal transcribed spacer region revealed that these yeast strains and strain CBS 8016 have almost identical sequences and belong to the Holtermannia clade of the Tremellomycetidae (Basidiomycota, Hymenomycetes). A novel species named Cryptococcus festucosus (type strain VKM Y-2930) is proposed to accommodate these strains. Physiological characteristics and mycocin sensitivity patterns distinguishing Cryptococcus festucosus from the other species of this clade are presented.Key words: mycocin sensitivity, rDNA sequencing, Cryptococcus, Holtermannia.
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137
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Kidd SE, Hagen F, Tscharke RL, Huynh M, Bartlett KH, Fyfe M, Macdougall L, Boekhout T, Kwon-Chung KJ, Meyer W. A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:17258-63. [PMID: 15572442 PMCID: PMC535360 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0402981101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening infection of the pulmonary and central nervous systems in hosts with normal immunity and traditionally has been considered to be restricted geographically to tropical and subtropical climates. The recent outbreak of C. gattii in the temperate climate of Vancouver Island, BC, Canada, led to a collaborative investigation. The objectives of the current study were to ascertain the environmental source of the outbreak infections, survey the molecular types of the outbreak and environmental cryptococcal isolates, and determine the extent of genetic diversity among the isolates. PCR-fingerprinting and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were used to examine the genotypes, and mating assays were performed to determine the mating type of the isolates. All outbreak and environmental isolates belonged to C. gattii. Concordant results were obtained by using PCR-fingerprinting and AFLP analysis. The vast majority of clinical and veterinary infections were caused by isolates of the molecular type VGII/AFLP6, but two were caused by molecular type VGI/AFLP4. All environmental isolates belonged to molecular type VGII/AFLP6. Two or three subtypes were observed within VGII/AFLP6 among outbreak and environmental isolates. All mating-competent isolates were of the alpha-mating type. The emergence of this usually tropical pathogen on Vancouver Island highlights the changing distribution of this genotype and emphasizes the importance of an ongoing collaborative effort to monitor the global epidemiology of this yeast.
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138
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Ikeda R, Maeda T. Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide of a non-neoformans Cryptococcus species identified as C. laurentii, which was reclassified as Cryptococcus flavescens, from a patient with AIDS. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:503-9. [PMID: 15013387 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus flavescens, a strain originally identified as C. laurentii, was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of an AIDS patient, and the soluble capsular polysaccharide of the yeast was investigated. Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) was obtained from C. flavescens under conditions similar to those used to obtain C. neoformans polysaccharide. However, the GXM differed from C. neoformans polysaccharide in the decreased O-acetyl group content. The structure of GXM was determined by methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, NMR analyses, and controlled Smith degradation. These analyses indicated that GXM has the following structure: an alpha-(1-->3)-D-mannan backbone with side chains of beta-D-glucuronic acid residues bound to the C-2 position of the mannose residue. The C-6 position of the mannose is substituted with D-man-beta-(1-->4)-D-xyl-beta-(1--> disaccharide. Furthermore, the existence of side chains containing more than two xylose residues was suggested. This mannosylxylose side chain is a novel structure in polysaccharides of C. neoformans and other Cryptococcus species.
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139
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Shinde SM, Vanarse KS, Pandit AN. Systemic humicolus cryptococcosis. Indian Pediatr 2004; 41:1162-4. [PMID: 15591670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a 71/2-year-boy with disseminated systemic cryptococcosis. Although other species have been incriminated, this appears to be the first report of Cryptococcus humicolus. The child was HIV negative. He was treated with amphotericin B and fluconazole with intensive supportive care. The child responded after 6 weeks and is now on maintenance fluconazole therapy.
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140
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Aganovic L, Hoda RS, Rumboldt Z. Hyperintensity of Spinal Cryptococcus Infection on Diffusion-Weighted MR Images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004; 183:1176-7. [PMID: 15385331 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.183.4.1831176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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141
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Abstract
Eighteen cases of disease caused by the saprophytic fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus bacillisporus are described from the Northern Territory of Australia. The majority of infections were with Cryptococcus bacillisporus and in the rural Aboriginal population, often causing pulmonary mass lesions.
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142
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Massonet C, Van Eldere J, Vaneechoutte M, De Baere T, Verhaegen J, Lagrou K. Comparison of VITEK 2 with ITS2-fragment length polymorphism analysis for identification of yeast species. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:2209-11. [PMID: 15131191 PMCID: PMC404601 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.5.2209-2211.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 61 clinical yeast isolates of Candida, Cryptococcus, Blastoschizomyces, and Saccharomyces spp. were used to compare two identification techniques, VITEK 2 and ITS2-fragment length polymorphism analysis (ITS2-FLP), with ID32C as the reference method. ID32C identified 58 isolates correctly. ITS2-FLP with Instagene DNA extraction identified 59 isolates. ITS2-FLP combined with boiling-freezing DNA extraction identified 55 isolates. VITEK 2 identified 41 isolates correctly.
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143
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Wuczkowski M, Prillinger H. Molecular identification of yeasts from soils of the alluvial forest national park along the river Danube downstream of Vienna, Austria (“Nationalpark Donauauen”). Microbiol Res 2004; 159:263-75. [PMID: 15462526 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the diversity of yeasts from different soils in a river-floodplain landscape at the river Danube downstream of Vienna, Austria ("Nationalpark Donauauen"). 136 strains were isolated, identification of species was done with molecular methods. Partial sequencing of the 26S rRNA gene resulted in 36 different sequences, they could be assigned to 16 genera, apart from two sequence types (from three isolates), which were not clearly assigned to any genus. 18 species were identified and confirmed by means of PCR fingerprinting. The most frequently isolated genus was Cryptococcus (61 isolates and 12 sequence types). Basidiomycetes dominated with about 60% above the members of the Ascomycetes. About half the yeasts was isolated from the litter, the quantity decreased with soil depth.
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144
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Castañeda A, McEwen J, Hidalgo M, Castañeda E. [Cryptococcus spp. DNA extraction from environmental samples]. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2004; 24:324-31. [PMID: 15551885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cryptococcus encompasses 38 species, but only 3 are associated with disease in humans and animals, Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus albidus and Cryptococcus neoformans. The last one is the most frequently reported. The disease is acquired by the inhalation of infectious propagules present in the environment. The habitat has been established using extraction techniques with buffer supplemented with antibiotics and plating in selective media. The aim of this work was to evaluate several DNA extraction techniques for Cryptocococus spp. from environmental samples. The control isolates were C. neoformans, C. albidus, C. laurentii and Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis. We also used vermiculita and soil samples contaminated with different yeast concentrations (10 to 10(6) cells/g) and samples naturally contaminated with C. neoformans. DNA was extracted with physical and chemical methods and with a commercial kit, and the DNA was purified with agarose blocks and silica columns. For the PCR amplification we used the CN4-CN5 primers, which are specific for C. neoformans. Only the commercial kit allowed DNA extraction and amplification from contaminated soil samples up to a concentration of 10 cells/g and from one sample naturally colonized. With this work we extracted and amplified DNA from Cryptococcus spp. from environmental samples with appropriate PCR specificity, it will be a tool to establish the ecological areas of C. neoformans in our country.
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145
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Middelhoven WJ. The yeast flora of some decaying mushrooms on trunks of living trees. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2004; 49:569-73. [PMID: 15702547 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts were isolated from rotten mushrooms on the trunks of beech and tamarisk trees. One strain, identified as the novel species Cryptococcus allantoinivorans, assimilated allantoin as the sole carbon source. Phylogenetically it belongs to the C. laurentii complex, Papiliotrema bandonii being the closest relative. Some ascomycetous strains could not be distinguished from Pichia guillermondii, but deviated considerably in rDNA sequences. In addition to these species, both decaying mushrooms were inhabited by more common species, viz. Candida albicans, C. saitoana, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Trichosporon asahii, T. multisporum and T. porosum. The basidiomycetous yeasts, except R. mucilaginosa, assimilated some polysaccharides of plant origin.
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146
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Golubev WI, Sampaio JP, Gadanho M, Golubeva EW. Cryptococcus paraflavus sp. nov. (Tremellales), isolated from steppe plants in Russia. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2004; 50:65-9. [PMID: 15248144 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.50.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Three strains related to Cryptococcus flavus were isolated from plants collected in the Prioksko-terrasny biosphere reserve (Russia). Physiological characterization, mycocinotyping, sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA and the ITS region revealed their separate taxonomic position. The name Cryptococcus paraflavus is proposed to accommodate these isolates (type strain VKM Y-2923).
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147
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Holland SM, Shea YR, Kwon-Chung J. Regarding “Trichosporon pullulans infection in 2 patients with chronic granulomatous disease”. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:205-6; author reply 206. [PMID: 15282941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.01.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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148
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Hamasha AMS, Yildiran ST, Gonlum A, Saracli MA, Doganci L. Cryptococcus neoformans varieties from material under the canopies of eucalyptus trees and pigeon dropping samples from four major cities in Jordan. Mycopathologia 2004; 158:195-9. [PMID: 15518348 DOI: 10.1023/b:myco.0000041840.34011.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To our best knowledge, any study related to the ecological distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans in Jordan does not exist in the medical literature. In order to determine the environmental occurrence of both varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans in Jordan, pigeon droppings and material under the canopies of eucalyptus trees were collected from four major cities of this country. For the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii from environmental sources, 500 samples of the mixed soil debris, including tree materials, under the eucalyptus trees from cities of Amman, Irbid, Jerash, and Ajlun were collected. Also, 509 samples of pigeon droppings were collected from the same cities for the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans. After inoculating the samples onto modified Staib agar medium in Petri dishes, a total of 336 melanoid yeast colonies were picked up during screening process. At the end of serial mycological studies, none of these isolates was identified as Cryptococcus neoformans, but all were Cryptococcus species other than C. neoformans. For determining the exact status, more extensive environmental studies need to be done in the future.
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149
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Nakagawa T, Nagaoka T, Taniguchi S, Miyaji T, Tomizuka N. Isolation and characterization of psychrophilic yeasts producing cold-adapted pectinolytic enzymes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2004; 38:383-7. [PMID: 15059208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was conducted to screen for psychrophilic yeasts that are able to degrade pectin compounds at low temperature, and to examine the cold-active pectinolytic enzymes produced by the isolated psychrophilic yeasts. METHODS AND RESULTS Psychrophilic yeasts, which grow on pectin as a sole carbon source, pectinolytic-psychrophilic yeast (PPY) strains PPY-3, 4, 5 and 6, were isolated from soil from Abashiri (Hokkaido, Japan). The sequences of 28S rDNA D1/D2 of strains PPY-3 and 4 indicated a taxonomic affiliation to Cryptococcus cylindricus and Mrakia frigida, respectively, strains PPY-5 and 6 belonged to Cystofilobasidium capitatum. The isolated strains were able to grow on pectin at below 5 degrees C, and showed the activities of several cold-active pectinolytic enzymes. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate the possibility that the isolated strains produce novel pectinolytic enzymes that are able to degrade pectin compounds at low temperature. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY It is possible that the cold-active pectinolytic enzymes from the isolated strains can be applied to the food industry, e.g. the clarification of fruit juice below 5 degrees C.
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Abstract
A 6-month-old male Japanese domestic cat with otitis externa due to Aspergillus fumigatus was treated with antifungal agents for 25 days and appeared to be cured. Many yeast colonies however developed from the ear canal samples on Sabouraud's dextrose agar at 27 degrees C for 5 days, instead of A. fumigatus. This yeast colony was cream-colored and slim in texture with smooth and highly glossy surface after 5-day incubation on Sabouraud's dextrose agar at 27 degrees C. The isolate was identified as Cryptococcus magnus by mycological analysis and 28S ribosomal analysis.
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