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Rubinstein P, Adamson JW, Stevens C. The Placental/Umbilical Cord Blood Program of the New York Blood Center. A progress report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 872:328-34; discussion 334-5. [PMID: 10372135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transplantation of placental/umbilical cord blood (P/CB) has been used successfully to reconstitute bone marrow function in both related and unrelated recipients. We report here the experience of the New York Blood Center P/CB Program. Since its inception in 1992, over 400 unrelated transplants were supported between July 1993 and September 1997. Overall, event-free survival for all diagnoses and ages approached 0.45. Success and rapidity of engraftment correlated most strongly with the degree of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) disparity and cell dose/kg body weight recipient. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was common in all patients but, surprisingly, did not differ between those patients who received grafts having one or more antigen mismatches. Chronic GVHD was uncommon and only rarely contributed to death. These results demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale P/CB banking for the provision of cryopreserved stem cell preparations for unrelated transplants. The degree of the program's success argues strongly for additional P/CB banks in order to increase the likelihood of finding a suitable stem cell preparation for patients for whom related matched donors do not exist.
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Abstract
In this report, the author shares some of the basic lessons learned in conducting a tobacco education and prevention media campaign for the state of California over the past 9 years. She highlights the three most fundamental lessons: 1) the qualities to look for in an advertising/public relations agency, 2) the importance of integrating a media campaign with other tobacco control activities, and 3) the most successful advertising strategies.
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Biaglow JE, Manevich Y, Leeper D, Chance B, Dewhirst MW, Jenkins WT, Tuttle SW, Wroblewski K, Glickson JD, Stevens C, Evans SM. MIBG inhibits respiration: potential for radio- and hyperthermic sensitization. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 42:871-6. [PMID: 9845113 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(98)00334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in its 131I-labeled form is clinically used as a tumor-targeted radiopharmaceutical in the diagnosis and treatment of adrenergic tumors. This well established drug may have additional clinical applications as a radiosensitizer or hyperthermic agent, ie., MIBG reportedly inhibits mitochondrial respiration in vitro. The mechanism for MIBG inhibition of cellular oxygen consumption is uncertain. Moreover, MIBG reportedly stimulates glycolysis both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies show the effect of MIBG on 9L glioma oxygen consumption and redox status with tumors cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects on electron transfer were determined by following oxygen consumption with a Clark oxygen electrode. Fluorescence measurements were used to determine effects of MIBG on intracellular electron acceptors, NADPH and flavoproteins, in vitro and in vivo. 31P-NMR was used to determine alterations in tumor cell pH in vivo. RESULTS Our results show the inhibition of oxygen utilization with MIBG for cell suspensions in vitro. The same results were demonstrated for tumor cell suspensions rapidly isolated from tumors grown in rats. Moreover, NAD(P)H and flavoprotein (Fp) fluorescence changes were observed to rapidly occur following MIBG addition in vitro. Changes in intracellular pH measured with 31P-NMR, in vivo, precede the changes in fluorescence of NAD(P)H and Fp obtained with frozen sections of tumor. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that 31P-NMR measurements and fluorescence changes, following MIBG injection, can be used as criterion for selecting the proper time to treat tumors with ionizing radiation or hyperthermia.
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Stevens C. Environmental fate and effects of dimethicone and cyclotetrasiloxane from personal care applications. Int J Cosmet Sci 1998; 20:296-304. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.1998.181595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bhatt B, Sahinoglu T, Stevens C. Nonisotopic in situ hybridization. Gene mapping and cytogenetics. Methods Mol Biol 1998; 80:405-17. [PMID: 9664397 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-493-3:405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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157
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Stevens C, Bennett MA, Athanassopoulos E, Tsiamis G, Taylor JD, Mansfield JW. Sequence variations in alleles of the avirulence gene avrPphE.R2 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola lead to loss of recognition of the AvrPphE protein within bean cells and a gain in cultivar-specific virulence. Mol Microbiol 1998; 29:165-77. [PMID: 9701811 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The bean halo blight pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psph), is differentiated into nine races based on the presence or absence of five avirulence (avr) genes in the bacterium, which interact with corresponding resistance genes. R1-R5, in Phaseolus vulgaris. The resistance gene R2 is matched by avrPphE, which is located adjacent to the cluster of hrp genes that are required for pathogenicity of Psph. Although only races 2, 4, 5 and 7 are avirulent on cultivars with R2 (inducing the hypersensitive response; HR), homologues of avrPphE are present in all races of Psph. DNA sequencing of avrPphE alleles from races of Psph has demonstrated two routes to virulence: via single basepair changes conferring amino acid substitutions in races 1, 3, 6 and 9 and an insertion of 104bp in the allele in race 8. We have demonstrated that these base changes are responsible for the difference between virulence and avirulence by generating transconjugants of a virulent race harbouring plasmids expressing the various alleles of avrPphE. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-directed expression of avrPphE from race 4 in bean leaves induced the HR in a resistance gene-specific manner, suggesting that the AvrPphE protein is alone required for HR induction and is recognized within the plant cell. The allele from race 6, which is inactive if expressed in Psph, elicited a weak HR if expressed in planta, whereas the allele from race 1 did not. Our results suggest that the affinity of interaction between AvrPphE homologues and an unknown plant receptor mediates the severity of the plant's response. Mutation of avrPphE alleles did not affect the ability to colonize bean from a low level of inoculum. The avirulence gene avrPphB, which matches the R3 resistance gene, also caused a gene-specific HR following expression in the plant after delivery by A. tumefaciens.
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Abstract
Body figure preferences were examined in a sample of 180 women 18 to 59 years old. Participants were presented with Fallon and Rozin's (1985) set of 9 silhouette drawings ranging from very thin to every heavy. Women of all ages rated their current figure as significantly larger than their ideal figure, indicating the presence of body dissatisfaction across the life span. The degree of body dissatisfaction did not vary with age, marital status, educational level, or occupational status. However, in contrast to the younger women's responses and to the results of previous studies, women over the age of 30 years rated their ideal figure as significantly larger than the one perceived as most attractive to men. Therefore, conclusions concerning this issue that are based on studies of college undergraduates cannot necessarily be generalized to other groups of women.
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Abstract
The following paper describes how polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers, which are present in a wide range of consumer products may undergo environmental degradation in the environment. The mechanism involves a biological degradation by bacteria and/or fungi, which takes place after an initial abiotic reaction initiates depolymerisation. The available information indicates that ultimately PDMS is converted to its inorganic constituents, namely carbon dioxide and silicic acid.
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Rufli H, Fisk PR, Girling AE, King JM, Länge R, Lejeune X, Stelter N, Stevens C, Suteau P, Tapp J, Thus J, Versteeg DJ, Niessen HJ. Aquatic toxicity testing of sparingly soluble, volatile, and unstable substances and interpretation and use of data. Task Force of the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 1998; 39:72-77. [PMID: 9515079 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1997.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic toxicity tests were originally designed for individual compounds that are soluble and stable in water. For sparingly soluble substances that are not toxic at the solubility limit, the issue is whether tests should be performed with insoluble test substance present. Based on a literature evaluation of the physiology of uptake, it was concluded that only the dissolved fraction is available for uptake and that the insoluble test substance may introduce artifacts that aggravate data interpretation. Therefore, toxicity tests should be conducted only up to the solubility limit. Testing of volatile, unstable, or adsorptive substances is complicated by the ability to keep exposure concentrations relatively constant. For these, appropriate test protocols including adequate design of the dosing systems must be employed. For test medium preparation, physical methods and, where necessary, use of low concentrations of certain solvents are recommended to support handling and speed of dissolution. However, recommendation is made against the use of dispersants. Water-accommodated fractions are recommended as one approach for dosing multicomponent substances. Interpretation of observed effects depends on appropriate test medium preparation, correct measurement and expression of exposure levels, and differentiation of true toxicity from indirect physical effects of the substance, or the toxicity of impurities.
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Rouquette M, Stevens C, Blake DR, Harrison R, Whish J, Whish WD. Expression of xanthine oxidase activity in human endothelial cells as a function of cell density. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:532S. [PMID: 9388748 DOI: 10.1042/bst025532s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Biaglow JE, Cerniglia G, Tuttle S, Bakanauskas V, Stevens C, McKenna G. Effect of oncogene transformation of rat embryo cells on cellular oxygen consumption and glycolysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 235:739-42. [PMID: 9207231 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We found an unique effect of oncogene transfections on rat embryo cell (REF) respiration, glycolysis and radiation response. Radioresistance, defined as an increase in Do, increases for REF cells transfected with v-myc or H-ras oncogenes. The combination of both oncogenes confers the maximal radioresistance. Our work shows inhibition of oxygen uptake when cells are transfected with v-myc or H-ras alone. However, oxygen uptake increases when cells are transfected simultaneously with v-myc + H-ras (3.7,2.1,2.8). A higher oxygen consumption results from increased utilization of pyruvate via the Kreb's cycle. Succinate stimulates cellular oxygen consumption. The maximum stimulation of oxygen consumption by succinate occurred with v-myc + H-ras transfected cells. The glycolysis of the transfected cells is also altered by the oncogenes. Our glycolytic measurements indicate the H-ras oncogene causes the largest stimulation of glycolysis. Our data shows that transfection with oncogenes has a major effect on cellular glycolysis, oxidative metabolism as well as the subsequent radiation response.
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Page S, Benboubetra M, Blake D, Powell D, Selase F, Stevens C, Wolstenholme A, Harrison R. Cytokine-induced activation of xanthine oxidase in human mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:95S. [PMID: 9056993 DOI: 10.1042/bst025095s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Stevens C. Curbing insurance fraud & abuse. REHAB MANAGEMENT 1996; 9:62-3, 116. [PMID: 10166404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Scaradavou A, Carrier C, Mollen N, Stevens C, Rubinstein P. Detection of maternal DNA in placental/umbilical cord blood by locus-specific amplification of the noninherited maternal HLA gene. Blood 1996; 88:1494-500. [PMID: 8695871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical issue regarding the broader utilization of placental/ umbilical cord blood (PCB) in unrelated bone marrow restoration is the possibility of contamination with maternal lymphocytes capable of immunological reactivity against the eventual recipient. On transplantation, such maternal cells might lead to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) even if the intended donor's neonatal lymphocytes were unresponsive. We measured the proportion of PCB samples that were contaminated with maternal cells. Placental-maternal sample pairs were selected so that the mother was heterozygous for the DR53 haplotype, whereas the placental sample was DR53-negative. The PCB samples were investigated for the presence of the noninherited maternal gene DRB4, exclusive to the DR53 haplotypes. Locus-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification with DRB4 sequence-specific primers was followed by either gel electrophoresis or blotting and hybridization to an internal sequence DRB4 probe. Polymerase chain reaction products from DNA mixtures containing as low as 0.5 ng of a DRB4-positive DNA control in 1.0 microgram of a DRB4-negative DNA sample (1:2 x 10(3) dilution) showed a visible DRB4 band in agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. Locus-specific hybridization increased the detection sensitivity to 1:10(5) (0.01 ng of the DRB4-positive DNA control). Control mixtures of known amounts of DRB4-positive and -negative DNA were included in all experiments. Comparison of the thickness of DRB4 bands after electrophoresis and the intensity of the DRB4-specific hybridization signals to the concentration controls allowed a rough estimation of the amount of maternal DNA in the placental blood specimens. A total of 213 PCB samples were tested. By gel electrophoresis, DRB4-specific bands were observed to be as strong or stronger in 23 (10.8%) samples as those in the 1:2 x 10(3) control, and 153 (17.8%) samples were negative in this test. The remaining 37 (17.3%) samples disclosed weaker DRB4 bands, suggesting the presence of maternal genetic material. By hybridization, 81 (38%) samples were positive and 132 were negative for the noninherited maternal gene. Review of the clinical characteristics of the mothers (demographics and labor and delivery information), the newborns (birth weight, sex, and gestational age), and PCB collections (placental weight, white blood cell count, and collected volume) failed to show any significant differences between the units testing positive or negative for the noninherited maternal gene. Thus, transplantable PCB units carry a high probability of having maternal DNA in detectable amounts. Whether this DNA comes from potentially graft-versus-host disease-inducing maternal lymphocytes or whether the putatively transplacentally-acquired maternal cells are immunologically dysfunctional, as in most infants with severe combined immunodeficiency disease, remains to be shown.
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Stevens C, Titarenko E, Hargreaves JA, Gurr SJ. Defence-related gene activation during an incompatible interaction between Stagonospora (Septoria) nodorum and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) coleoptile cells. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 31:741-749. [PMID: 8806405 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two previously unidentified cDNA clones (bsi1 and bpr1-1) were isolated by differential hybridization from a cDNA library of Stagonospora (Septoria) nodorum (Berk) Castellani & E.G. Germano (teleomorph Phaeosphaeria (Leptosphaeria) nodorum (E. Muller) Hedjaroude-challenged barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) coleoptiles. bsi1 encoded a cysteine-rich protein containing 89 amino acids (aa) with a relative molecular mass (M(r)) of 9405. Protein sequence homologies showed that Bsi1 was very similar to an aluminium-induced protein from wheat and indicated that it was related to the Bowman-Birk-type proteinase inhibitors (BB-PIs). The predicted aa sequence of Bsi1 contained an N-terminal secretory signal sequence which implied that the protein was exported. The other clone, bprl-1, which was truncated at the 5' end, encoded a type-1 pathogenesis-related (PR-1) protein. The complete sequence of bpr1-1 was obtained after cloning a barley genomic DNA fragment and was shown to encode a basic protein containing 174 aa with a M(r) of 18 859. The deduced aa sequence of bpr1-1 contained both an N-terminal secretory signal sequence and a charged C-terminal extension. This latter sequence may represent a vacuolar targeting signal. bsil and bpr1-1 and four other defence-related genes (encoding 1,3-beta-glucanase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a homologue of a putative wheat peroxidase, and barley leaf-specific thionin), showed increased transcription levels in S. nodorum-challenged coleoptiles, although their pattern of accumulation varied after inoculation (a.i.). The potential role of these induced genes in defence against fungal attack is discussed.
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Stevens C, Ardagh M, Abbott GD. Aerodigestive tract foreign bodies in children: one year's experience at Christchurch Hospital emergency department. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1996; 109:232-3. [PMID: 8769032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To review the children who presented to Christchurch Hospital emergency department with aerodigestive tract foreign bodies during 1994. METHOD The emergency department, and impatient notes were retrospectively reviewed for all children presenting with a complaint of an aspirated or ingested foreign body, for the period 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1994. One hundred and thirty-nine children were identified as being eligible for study. A telephone followup interview to determine outcome was also conducted. RESULTS The 139 children had a median age of 3 years, 2 months and an even gender-distribution. The foreign bodies implicated were 47 coins, 23 sharp objects, 4 button batteries and a wide variety of blunt, noncorrosive foreign bodies. Twelve of the foreign bodies required removal (5 oesophagoscopies, 4 bronchoscopies, 2 indirect laryngoscopies and 1 laparotomy). Forty-five of 139 children had no significant symptoms at any time and these children had a total of 43 x-rays and 5 followup visits, none of which changed management. No child assessed by followup interviews had suffered complications requiring further evaluation or treatment. CONCLUSION Children who have ingested blunt, noncorrosive foreign bodies, and who have had no significant symptoms at anytime require no investigations after exclusion of oesophageal impaction but should be reviewed if symptoms develop.
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Stevens C, Freeman V, Konrad TR. Calculating a clinic's childhood immunization rate: costs and returns. ARCHIVES OF FAMILY MEDICINE 1996; 5:325-326. [PMID: 8640320 DOI: 10.1001/archfami.5.6.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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In der Rieden P, Stevens C, Samallo J, Schipper H, Te Kronnie G, Stroband HW. Expression of Hoxb-3 in carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryos. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 1996; Suppl 1:97S-98S. [PMID: 9087714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Stroband HW, Stevens C, Te Kronnie G, Samallo J, Schipper H. Embryonic expression of carp-Ovx1. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 1996; Suppl 1:95S-96S. [PMID: 9087713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Stevens C, Flaherty L. Evidence foe antigen presentation by the class Ib molecule, Qa-1. RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 1996; 147:286-90. [PMID: 8876056 PMCID: PMC7135683 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2494(96)89641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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173
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Velasco J, Stevens C, Esteban J, Ruthsatz M, Ramsamooj P, Dritschilo A, Notario V. Modulation of proliferation and tumorigenic potential of cervical-carcinoma cells by the expression of sense and antisense p53. Int J Oncol 1995; 7:883-8. [PMID: 21552918 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.7.4.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that overexpression of wild-type p53 suppresses the growth and alters the differentiation pattern of HPV-immortalized keratinocytes (Woodworth et al: Cell Growth Differ 4: 367-376, 1993). In the present report we describe the use of sense and antisense p53 retroviral vectors to modulate the expression levels of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in cervical carcinoma cells. Representative cell lines (C-4 I, ME-180 and C-33 A) were selected for this study on the basis of their various expression levels of either wild-type or mutated p53, and also of their content of integrated human papillomavirus sequences. Our results show that p53 overexpression from the sense construct decreased the growth rate and tumorigenic potential of the HPV-negative C-4 I cell line, whereas it had no effect on the HPV-positive ME-180 and C-33 A cells. However, examination of the individual colonies early after transfection with sense constructs by light microscopy showed that overexpression of wild-type p53 in ME-180 induced significant morphological alterations resulting in cellular senescence. Nevertheless, the p53 overexpressing, ME-180-derived cell line established after selection did not exhibit any major changes compared to the parental cell line. In the case of C-33 A, the presence of high levels of mutant p53 prevented the exogenous wild-type p53 from causing any significant modulatory action on their proliferation or neoplastic phenotype.
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Balk SP, Polischuk JE, Probert C, Stevens C, Ebert E, She J, Terhorst C, Blumberg RS. Composition of TCR-CD3 complex in human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes: lack of Fc epsilon RI gamma chain. Int Immunol 1995; 7:1237-41. [PMID: 7495730 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/7.8.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) are a unique population of predominantly CD8 alpha beta+, TCR alpha beta+ lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, TCP gamma delta+ lymphocytes that proliferate poorly to anti-CD3 mitogenic signals but display significant cytolytic activity. Studies in mouse model systems have shown that the gamma chain of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI gamma) may substitute for the zeta chain in the TCR-CD3 complex of iIEL. This has suggested that the functional properties of these cells may be associated with an altered composition of the TCR-CD3 complex. We therefore analyzed the TCR-CD3 complex of normal human iIEL. One- and two-dimensional non-reducing/reducing SDS-PAGE analysis of CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon, zeta and Fc epsilon RI gamma chain immunoprecipitates of cell surface radiolabeled proteins with subunit-specific antibodies revealed a TCR-CD3 complex without associated Fc epsilon RI gamma chains. Thus, normal human iIEL contain a TCR-CD3 complex that consists predominantly of zeta homodimers in association with the alpha beta TCR and CD3 gamma, delta and epsilon, similar to the majority of peripheral lymphocytes. This indicates that the distinct properties of human iIEL are not associated with substitutions of the Fc epsilon RI gamma chain in the TCR-CD3 complex.
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Schrander-Stumpel C, Höweler C, Jones M, Sommer A, Stevens C, Tinschert S, Israel J, Fryns JP. Spectrum of X-linked hydrocephalus (HSAS), MASA syndrome, and complicated spastic paraplegia (SPG1): Clinical review with six additional families. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 57:107-16. [PMID: 7645588 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320570122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
X-linked hydrocephalus (HSAS) (MIM *307000), MASA syndrome (MIM *303350), and complicated spastic paraplegia (SPG1) (MIM *312900) are closely related. Soon after delineation, SPG1 was incorporated into the spectrum of MASA syndrome. HSAS and MASA syndrome show great clinical overlap; DNA linkage analysis places the loci at Xq28. In an increasing number of families with MASA syndrome or HSAS, mutations in L1CAM, a gene located at Xq28, have been reported. In order to further delineate the clinical spectrum, we studied 6 families with male patients presenting with MASA syndrome, HSAS, or a mixed phenotype. We summarized data from previous reports and compared them with our data. Clinical variability appears to be great, even within families. Problems in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis, the possible overlap with X-linked corpus callosum agenesis and FG syndrome, and the different forms of X-linked complicated spastic paraplegia are discussed. Since adducted thumbs and spastic paraplegia are found in 90% of the patients, the condition may be present in males with nonspecific mental retardation. We propose to abandon the designation MASA syndrome and use the term HSAS/MASA spectrum, incorporating SPG1.
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