Orosomucoid 1 interacts with S100A12 and activates ERK signalling to expedite the advancement of bladder cancer

The research endeavors to expound the role of ORM1 in bladder cancer (BCa) and the implied response mechanism. RT-qPCR and Western blotting examined ORM1 and S100A12 expression. Functional experiments assessed the cellular phenotypes. HDOCK and Co-IP confirmed the interaction of ORM1 and S100A12. Western blotting tested apoptosis- and ERK signaling-associated proteins. ORM1 and S100A12 were abundant in the BCa cells. ORM1 or S100A12 loss impaired cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and aggravated cell apoptosis. ORM1 interacted with S100A12. ORM1 knockdown down-regulated S100A12 expression and inactivated ERK signaling.S100A12 overexpression or ERK activator reversed the impacts of ORM1 interference on ERK signaling and BCa cells. ORM1 mightdrive BCa via binding to S100A12 and activating ERK signaling.

Urinary exosomal lnc-TAF12-2:1 promotes bladder cancer progression through the miR-7847-3p/ASB12 regulatory axis

Exosomes encompass a great deal of valuable biological information and play a critical role in tumor development. However, the mechanism of exosomal lncRNAs remains poorly elucidated in bladder cancer (BCa). In this study, we identified exosomal lnc-TAF12-2:1 as a novel biomarker in BCa diagnosis and aimed to investigate the underlying biological function. Dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pulldown assays, and xenograft mouse model were used to verify the competitive endogenous RNA mechanism of lnc-TAF12-2:1. We found exosomal lnc-TAF12-2:1 up-regulated in urinary exosomes, tumor tissues of patients, and BCa cells. Down-regulation of lnc-TAF12-2:1 impaired BCa cell proliferation and migration, and promoted cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis. The opposite effects were also observed when lnc-TAF12-2:1 was overexpressed. lnc-TAF12-2:1 was transferred by intercellular exosomes to modulate malignant biological behavior. Mechanistically, lnc-TAF12-2:1 packaged in the exosomes relieved the miRNA-mediated silence effect on ASB12 via serving as a sponger of miR-7847-3p to accelerate progression in BCa. ASB12 was also first proved as an oncogene to promote cell proliferation and migration and depress cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in our data. In conclusion, exosomal lnc-TAF12-2:1, located in the cytoplasm of BCa, might act as a competitive endogenous RNA to competitively bind to miR-7847-3p, and then be involved in miR-7847-3p/ASB12 regulatory axis to promote tumorigenesis, which provided a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of BCa.

Knockdown TNF family prognosis index crucial gene PDE4B promoted PANoptosis of ovarian carcinoma cell:Based in vitro and in vivo experiments

Ovarian cancer represents a malignancy characterized by high incidence and mortality rates, necessitating further elucidation of its underlying mechanisms. We conducted an analysis using bulk transcriptomic data of ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissues, as well as single-cell sequencing data according to publicly available databases. Through calculation of Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) scores for TNF family genes, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for hub genes identification, and subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, we delineated pathways crucial in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Furthermore, differential expression gene analysis facilitated the identification of genes with pronounced expression levels in tumor tissues and their intersection with hub genes, followed by GO analyses across molecular functions (MF), cellular components (CC), and biological processes (BP). Utilizing multivariable Cox regression and LASSO analyses, we constructed a prognostic model comprising 14 genes (GFPT2, PDE4B, PODNL1, TGFBI, CSF1R, PTGIS, SFRP2, COL5A2, TRAC, SLAMF7, VCAN, GBP1P1, C2, TRBV28). Both training and validation sets demonstrated robust diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Clinical information and immune cell infiltration analyses were further conducted based on the model. In the single-cell sequencing analysis, reducing dimensional complexity and classifying cell types were performed, followed by exploration of gene expression patterns within each subtype and investigation of temporal expression variations across cell subtypes. Biological functional exploration and drug sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Our study contributes novel insights and theoretical foundations for prognosis, treatment, and development of drugs in patients.

BAP1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition and CAS6/AXL signaling activation in bladder cancer progression

This study investigates the role of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) in regulating the ubiquitination of SP1, YAP, and PD-L1, as well as its impact on the CAS6/AXL signaling pathway in bladder cancer progression. Transcriptomic analysis was performed using the GSE3167 dataset to identify key gene expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms. A bladder cancer mouse model was established with control (NC), OE-BAP1, and KD-BAP1 groups to assess the effects of BAP1 overexpression and knockdown. Western blot analysis evaluated the expression levels of BAP1, SP1, YAP, PD-L1, CAS6, AXL, and related signaling proteins. Functional assays, including scratch, Transwell, and colony formation, were conducted to assess cell migratory, invasive, and proliferative capacities. Additional groups included BAP1, SP1 inhibitor, BAP1 + SP1 inhibitor, SP1 + anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, and BAP1 + SP1 + anti-PD-L1 combination to evaluate the interplay of these regulatory mechanisms. BAP1 overexpression significantly increased the expression of SP1, YAP, PD-L1, CAS6, AXL, and downstream signaling proteins (PI3K, STAT3, ERK½, MMP-2, and MMP-9), while BAP1 knockdown reduced their levels. Functional assays showed that the BAP1 group exhibited significantly enhanced migratory, invasive, and proliferative abilities compared to controls. Inhibiting SP1 or combining SP1 inhibition with anti-PD-L1 treatment effectively reduced migration, invasion, and proliferation, particularly after 48 h. BAP1 promotes bladder cancer progression by inhibiting the ubiquitination of SP1, YAP, and PD-L1 and activating the CAS6/AXL signaling pathway. These findings highlight BAP1 as a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer treatment.

Long-term mortality risk in US adults with a history of kidney stones: results from NHANES III with over 30 years of follow-up

PURPOSE

To investigate the association between a history of kidney stones and long-term all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

METHODS

This observational study included adults who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994). Kidney stone history was self-reported during the survey. Vital status and causes of death during follow-up were ascertained via the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between kidney stone history and all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer, and renal mortality. Models were progressively adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables to account for confounding factors.

RESULTS

The final analytic sample comprised 19,578 participants (weighted kidney stone prevalence = 5.3%) with 420,947 person-years of follow-up (range: 0-31 years). Stone formers were older than non-stone formers (mean age 54 vs. 43 years) with a higher prevalence of comorbidities. In the unadjusted model, kidney stone history was associated with increased all-cause mortality risk (HR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.63-2.03). However, this association was attenuated in the fully adjusted model (HR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.79-1.01). No significant differences were observed between groups for cardiovascular (HR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.73-1.03), cancer (HR = 1.01; 95% CI 0.74-1.37), or renal mortality (HR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.31-3.16) in fully adjusted models.

CONCLUSION

In this nationally representative cohort of US adults, a history of kidney stones was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause or cause-specific mortality after adjustment for confounders.

Prognostic implications of glucose metabolism pathways in colon adenocarcinoma: a comprehensive outlook on the molecular landscape and immunotherapy

BACKGROUND

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common and aggressive cancer characterized by significant metabolic alterations, particularly in glucose metabolism. Identifying key genes and pathways involved in glucose metabolism could provide valuable prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

METHODS

Clinical and transcriptomic data for patients with COAD were obtained from TCGA and validated using external datasets (GSE17536 and GSE39582). Seventeen glucose metabolism-related pathways were selected from the MSigDB and analysed using ssGSEA. WGCNA was used to identify key gene modules. Prognostic genes were selected via univariate Cox regression, Lasso-Cox regression, and multivariate Cox regression. Model validation was conducted using independent datasets. Immunotherapy prediction and immune infiltration analyses were also performed. A-NEK9 knockdown cell line was established using SW1116 and SW480 cell lines. The effect of NEK9 on COAD was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. The effects of NEK9 on glucose uptake and lactate production were also assessed.

RESULTS

A prognostic model based on five glucose metabolism-related genes (NEK9, HS2ST1, AC016394.3, H2BC21, and MIR23A) was developed. The model demonstrated strong predictive value, with high-risk patients showing poorer survival outcomes in both the TCGA and external validation cohorts. Additionally, lower risk scores were associated with better responses to immunotherapy, as indicated by TIDE and SubMap analyses. These findings were further validated through ROC analysis, which revealed robust predictive performance for immunotherapy response across multiple cohorts. NEK9 promoted the proliferation and tumour angiogenesis of SW1116 and SW480 cells, inhibited apoptosis, and enhanced glucose uptake and lactate production in tumour cells. NEK9 knockdown significantly inhibited the tumorigenic ability of COAD in mice.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the role of glucose metabolism in COAD and presents a novel prognostic model based on glucose metabolism-related genes. The model has potential clinical applications for predicting survival and guiding immunotherapy decisions in patients with COAD.

Identification and validation of hub genes in uterine corpus endometrioid carcinoma: An observational study from TCGA and GEO

Uterine corpus endometrioid carcinoma (UCEC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the female reproductive system. Despite advancements in molecular biology and treatment strategies, the underlying molecular mechanisms of UCEC tumorigenesis remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with UCEC pathogenesis, and to determine potential prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapy targets for UCEC. RNA expression datasets and clinical data from UCEC patients were collected from the UCSC Xena database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Principal component analysis and LIMMA methods were employed to screen 177 UCEC tissues and 24 normal endometrial tissues. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that up-regulated DEGs were primarily involved in tissue development, cell cycle regulation, and epithelial development. Subsequently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified DEGs in the blue modules that were significantly positively correlated with UCEC, while DEGs in the black modules were significantly negatively correlated with UCEC. Among the identified DEGs through WGCNA, 16 genes were selected, and further Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that 5 of these genes (AURKA, CCNE1, IQGAP3, TTK, and UBE2C) were significantly negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) and considered as hub genes. The expression of these hub genes was validated using GEO datasets and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis from the human protein atlas. Additionally, the calculation of immune scores for immune infiltration, immune cell infiltration, and immune cell regulation across the 5 hub genes revealed potential immunotherapeutic targets and strategies. This comprehensive investigation provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying UCEC development, identifies 5 promising prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapy targets, and offers guidance for UCEC treatment approaches.

Screening and preparation of nanobodies for SIGLEC-15 detection

As an important member of the Siglec family, SIGLEC-15 plays an important role in osteoclast differentiation, bone remodeling, and tumor immune evasion. In the tumor microenvironment, SIGLEC-15 functions independently of the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway. In this study, the SIGLEC-15 fusion protein (SIGLEC-15-Fc) was successfully expressed and purified using a eukaryotic expression system. This protein was then used as an antigen to immunize camelids, inducing the production of specific nanobodies (VHHs) targeting SIGLEC-15. The resulting nanobodies exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa. After screening, we identified two nanobody strains, Nb1C8 and Nb2D7, both of which bind SIGLEC-15 without competition. We confirmed the nanobodies' high affinity and stability through Octec platform and stability analyses. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that Nb1C8 and Nb2D7 specifically binds to SIGLEC-15 which naturally expressed on bladder cancer cells. This study marks the first development of nanobodies specifically targeting SIGLEC-15, providing a solid foundation for the development of SIGLEC-15-related diagnostic tools and antibody therapeutics.

Exploring the Targets and Molecular Mechanisms of Curcumin for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics

Curcumin, a phenolic compound derived from turmeric, has demonstrated anti-tumor properties in preclinical models of various cancers. However, the exact mechanism of curcumin in treating bladder cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of curcumin in the treatment of BC through an integrated approach of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. PharmMapper, SuperPred, TargetNet, and SwissTargetPrediction were utilized to acquire targets associated with curcumin, while GeneCards, CTD, DisGeNET, OMIM, and PharmGKB databases were utilized to obtain targets related to bladder cancer. The drug-disease interaction targets were obtained using Venny 2.1.0, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were then conducted with the DAVID tool. We constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identified tenkey targets. In conclusion, AutoDock Tools 1.5.7 was utilized to conduct molecular docking simulations, followed by additional analysis of the central targets through the GEPIA, HPA, cBioPortal, and TIMER databases. A total of 305 potential anticancer targets of curcumin were obtained. The analysis of GO functional enrichment resulted in a total of 1105 terms, including 786 terms related to biological processes (BP), 105 terms related to cellular components (CC), and 214 terms related to molecular functions (MF). In addition, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 170 relevant signaling pathways. Treating bladder cancer could potentially involve inhibiting pathways like the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Activating TNF, ALB, CASP3, and ESR1 while inhibiting AKT1, EGFR, STAT3, BCL2, SRC, and HSP90AA1 can also hinder the proliferation of bladder tumor cells. According to the results of molecular docking, curcumin binds to these central targets in a spontaneous manner, exhibiting binding energies lower than - 1.631 kJ/mol. These findings were further validated at the transcriptional, translational and immune infiltration levels. By utilizing network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, it was discovered that curcumin possesses diverse effects on multiple targets and pathways for treating bladder cancer. It has the potential to impede the growth of bladder tumor cells by suppressing various pathways including the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as pathways associated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and the IL-17 signaling pathway. Curcumin could potentially disrupt the cell cycle advancement in bladder cancer cells by increasing the expression of TNF, ALB, CASP3, and ESR1 while decreasing AKT1, EGFR, STAT3, BCL2, SRC, HSP90AA1, and other targeted genes. These findings reveal the possible molecular pathways through which curcumin exerts its anticancer effects in bladder cancer, and this novel research strategy not only provides an important basis for an in-depth understanding of the anticancer mechanism of curcumin, but also offers new potential drugs and targets for the clinical treatment of bladder cancer. Therefore, this study is of great scientific significance and practical application value for promoting the development of bladder cancer therapeutic field. This finding provides strong support for the development of novel, safe and effective drugs for bladder cancer treatment.

Primary renal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with lymph node metastasis: A case report and literature review

Introduction

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the kidney are rare and generally less aggressive than renal cell carcinoma, although metastasis is still present at the time of diagnosis. Surgical resection remains the preferred treatment, even in cases with lymph node metastases.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 38-year-old female with a right renal WDNET and lymph node metastasis who underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with lymphadenectomy. Pathological examination confirmed metastasis in 9 out of 11 lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry results were positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin, with a Ki-67 index of less than 10%. No recurrence was observed after 36 months.

Conclusion

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors are rare, with non-specific clinical and imaging characteristics, requiring immunohistochemical analysis for diagnosis. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice, and long-term follow-up is essential.

Comprehensive single-cell profiling of T and B cell subsets in mice reveals impacts on memory immune responses in FMDV infection

The impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) on memory immune responses has not been thoroughly investigated due to limited availability of immunological research tools. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified specific gene markers for the majority of T and B cell subsets in the spleens of mice. Our findings indicate that FMDV infection significantly reduces the proportions of memory cell populations (e.g., memory B cells, memory CD4+ T cells, and memory CD8+ T cells) relative to their respective lymphocyte subsets (total B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells) in the short term, impacting their functions. These alterations largely reverse over the long term. Specifically, FMDV infection primarily exerts its impacts on the function of memory cells by enhancing key immunological functions such as activation, proliferation, differentiation, and polarization, while simultaneously suppressing essential cellular biological functions including proliferation and metabolism. These impacts were significantly associated with Fos-related genes. Our study provides new insights into the immune evasion mechanisms of FMDV, establishes adult mice as potential models for FMDV immunological research, and offers valuable tools for single-cell RNA sequencing in murine immunological studies.

YTHDF1 shapes immune-mediated hepatitis via regulating inflammatory cell recruitment and response

Severe immune responses regulate the various clinical hepatic injuries, including autoimmune hepatitis and acute viral hepatitis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a crucial regulator of immunity and inflammation. However, the precise role of YTHDF1 in T cell-mediated hepatitis remains incompletely characterized. To address this, we utilized Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced mouse liver damage as an experimental model for T cell-mediated hepatitis. Our findings found that hepatic YTHDF1 protein rapidly decreased during ConA-induced hepatitis, and YTHDF1-deficient (Ythdf1 -/- ) mice showed more susceptibility to ConA-induced liver injury, along with an intensified inflammatory storm accompanied by aggravated hepatic inflammatory response via ERK and NF-κB pathways. Interestingly, hepatic-specific over-expression or deletion of YTHDF1 exhibited redundancy in ConA-induced liver injury. Validation in bone marrow chimeric mice confirmed the necessity of YTHDF1 in hematopoietic cells for controlling the response to ConA-induced hepatitis. Additionally, our data revealed that YTHDF1 deletion in macrophages exacerbated the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide. In summary, our study uncovered that YTHDF1 deficiency exacerbates the immune response in ConA-induced hepatitis by modulating the expression of inflammatory mediators, highlighting the potential of YTHDF1 as a therapeutic target for clinical hepatitis.

CXCL6 Reshapes Lipid Metabolism and Induces Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Cholangiocarcinoma Progression and Immunotherapy Resistance

The chemokine CXCL6 is identified as a pivotal regulator of biological processes across multiple malignancies. However, its function in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is underexplored. Tumor profiling for CXCL6 is performed using a public database. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments are utilized to evaluate the oncogenic effects of CXCL6 on CCA. Additionally, RNA-Seq is employed to detect transcriptomic changes related to CXCL6 expression in CCA cells and neutrophils. Molecular docking, fluorescence colocalization, and Co-IP are used to elucidate a direct interaction between JAKs and CXCR1/2. Additionally, LC-MS lipidomics and explored the impact of CXCL6 on immunotherapy in vivo. CXCL6 is upregulated in CCA tissues and promoted the proliferation and metastasis of CCA. Mechanistically, CXCL6 regulated the CXCR1/2-JAK-STAT/PI3K axis in CCA via autocrine signaling, leading to lipid metabolic reprogramming, and promoted neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation by activating the RAS/MAPK pathway in neutrophils. Eventually, NETs formation induced immunotherapy resistance in CCA by blocking CD8+T cell infiltration. CXCL6 modulates CCA progression through the CXCR1/2-JAK-STAT/PI3K axis and reshaping its lipid metabolism. CXCL6 also mediates immunotherapy resistance through NETs, which may be a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for CCA.

Emergency room management of urolithiasis: a sex-based comparison

INTRODUCTION

Existing literature has highlighted disparities in acute pain management across racial and sex groups in both emergency department and pre-hospital settings. This study aimed to evaluate prescribing patterns among physicians and advanced practice providers for patients with upper tract urolithiasis in an academic emergency department.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with upper tract urolithiasis was performed to evaluate age, sex, race, ethnicity, stone size and location, presence of hydronephrosis, admission status, history of prior nephrolithiasis, medications administered in the emergency department (ED), requests for urology consult or referral, and discharge medications.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

In this single-center, propensity-matched analysis, we found no significant sex, race, or provider level of training-based differences in prescribing patterns for patients presenting with renal colic secondary to upper urinary tract stones in our academic emergency department.

Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identified SLC16A3 as a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker

SLC16A3, belonging to the SLC16 gene family, is involved in the transportation of monocarboxylate. SLC16A family members play important roles in tumorigenesis, nonetheless, the specific involvement of SLC16A3 in tumor prognosis and diagnosis in human cancers remains unelucidated. This study dealt with the exploration of SLC16A3 expression in human pan-cancer and its significance regarding disease prognosis. For this investigation, the mRNA expression data of SLC16A3 were acquired from the TCGA and the GTEx datasets. The Kaplan-Meier plots, univariate Cox regression, and the ROC curve were employed for assessing the prognostic and diagnostic significance of SLC16A3 in pan-cancer. Furthermore, the cBioPortal database was used to analyze the SLC16A3 genomic alterations. Moreover, the association of the infiltration of immune cells and immune checkpoint genes with SLC16A3 was analyzed by the TIMER database. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were employed to explore the function of SLC16A3 in pan-cancer. The resulting data demonstrated that SLC16A3 mRNA expression was overexpressed in most cancers and its protein expression was also high across diverse cancer types. Moreover, upregulated SLC16A3 expression was linked to poor OS and PFI of certain cancers. Cox regression analysis further indicated that SLC16A3 is a risk factor for patients with PAAD, CESC, LUSC, LUAD, CHOL, LGG, MESO, and OSCC. The ROC curve revealed that SLC16A3 exhibited a high accuracy (AUC > 0.9) in BRCA, CHOL, ESCA, GBM, and KIRC prediction. Moreover, the acquired data indicated that in pan-cancer, the SLC16A3 expression exhibited correlations with immune checkpoint genes and immune cells. These findings collectively suggest that SLC16A3 holds promise as a biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in pan-cancer.

N6-methyladenosine-modified circ_0000517 promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via miR-1233-3p/CDH6 axis

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibit dysregulation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and regulate the malignant biological behavior of NSCLC. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of circRNAs plays a critical role in multiple malignant tumors, and their biological relevance in NSCLC is unclear. Herein, this study was conducted to investigate the novel functional mechanism of highly expressed circ_0000517 in NSCLC by developing in vitro experiments. We found that circ_0000517 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and that increased circ_0000517 expression was associated with m6A modification. Biologically, silenced circ_0000517 hindered the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro, and also suppressed the EMT-related process. Mechanistically, highly expressed circ_0000517 activated CDH6 expression and EMT evolution through sponging miR-1233-3p. Notably, miR-1233-3p had the opposite effect and reversed the promotion effect of circ_0000517 on the malignant biological behavior of NSCLC cells. Our study revealed a promising novel endogenous regulatory network that m6A-modified circ_0000517 accelerated malignant evolution of NSCLC by targeting the miR-1233-3p/CDH6 axis.

Integrated multi-omics reveal lactate metabolism-related gene signatures and PYGL in predicting HNSCC prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy

BACKGROUND

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment faces significant clinical challenges. Lactate metabolism plays a crucial role in the initiation of many cancers and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the prognostic significance of lactate metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) and the role of TME in HNSCC require further elucidation.

METHODS

We built a prognostic multigene signature with LMRGs and systematically correlated the risk signature with immunological characteristics and immunotherapy efficacy. Next, a series of single-cell sequencing analyses were used to characterize lactate metabolism in TME. Finally, single-cell sequencing analysis, immunofluorescence analyses, and a series of in vitro experiments were used to explore the role of PYGL in HNSCC. Potential drugs targeting PYGL were screened using AutoDock 4.2.

RESULTS

A prognostic multigene signature based on LMRGs was developed, which effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, with significant differences in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Patients in the low-risk group exhibited reduced lactate metabolism, higher CD8 + T cell infiltration, and improved response to immunotherapy. Single-cell sequencing revealed that tumor cells had the most active lactate metabolism compared to other cells in the TME. PYGL, identified as the most critical prognostic gene, was highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages and played a role in inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. Knockdown of PYGL led to reduced lactate levels, and its expression was inversely correlated with CD8 + T cell infiltration. Furthermore, PYGL was involved in copper-dependent cell death, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Drug screening identified elesclomol, which showed promising results in PYGL-knockdown cells.

CONCLUSIONS

The study established a robust LMRGs-based prognostic model that not only predicts patient survival but also correlates with the immune microenvironment in HNSCC. PYGL emerged as a key biomarker with significant implications for both prognosis and therapeutic intervention. Its role in regulating lactate metabolism and immune suppression suggests that targeting PYGL could enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies. This research provides a foundation for future clinical strategies aimed at improving outcomes in HNSCC by modulating the tumor's metabolic and immune landscapes.

BCAT2 binding to PCBP1 regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit autophagy-related apoptosis and ferroptosis in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) has emerged as a predominant cause of cancer-related mortality among men globally. The mechanisms of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) contributing to the development of PCa remain inadequately elucidated. The objective of this study was to examine the involvement of BCAAs and BCAT2 in tumorigenesis. BCAAs exhibited elevated expression levels in PCa tissues and cells. Among the critical enzymes involved in the BCAA metabolic pathway, only BCAT2 demonstrated significant expression in PCa and was closely associated with tumor progression and patient prognosis. RNA sequencing along with related functional experiments indicated that BCAT2 can inhibit autophagy, autophagy-related apoptosis, and ferroptosis in PCa. Furthermore, the results of co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and other methodologies established that PCBP1, as a downstream protein interacting with BCAT2, co-regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby influencing progression of PCa. Moreover, BCAT2 interacted with PCBP1 at Leucine 239 to collaboratively regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is crucial for the initiation and progression of PCa. Targeting BCAT2 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent proliferation of PCa.

Identification of USP39 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for determining the response to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer

Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 39 (USP39) has been implicated in numerous malignancies, however, its pathogenic mechanisms and impact on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remain incompletely characterized. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, we investigated the diagnostic and prognostic values of USP39 across various cancer types. Additionally, we examined the correlation between USP39 expression and immune-related gene signature, immune cell infiltration pattern, tumor microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutation burden (TMB). This study specifically focused on exploring the clinical relevance and molecular functions of USP39 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), with particularly emphasis on its role in shaping the TIME and modulating responses to immunotherapy. The results demonstrated that evaluated USP39 expression significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage and unfavorable clinical outcomes across multiple cancer types, most notably in PAAD. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that USP39 potentially promotes tumor progression through multiple oncogenic signaling cascades. In vitro experimental validation confirmed that USP39 knockdown inhibited migration and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells while inducing apoptosis. Additionally, we identified significant positive correlations between USP39 expression and immune checkpoint molecules, particularly prominent in PAAD. Furthermore, we observed associations between USP39 expression and TMB in 16 cancer types and MSI in 11 cancer types, suggesting that heightened USP39 expression may enhance responsiveness to immunotherapeutic interventions. Collectively, our findings establish USP39 as a valuable immune-related biomarker with both diagnostic and prognostic utility across multiple cancer types, especially PAAD, underscoring its potential as a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Establishment and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival for patients with primary renal neuroendocrine tumor

Our study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) at 1, 3, and 5 years for patients with primary renal neuroendocrine tumor (PRNET). The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2000-2021) was utilized to gather cases and extract data. We performed a multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional-hazards model to identify prognostic factors independently affecting OS. Based on these predictors, a nomogram was constructed and validated internally via a bootstrap resampling method. Finally, we included 266 PRNET patients. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, Fuhrman grade, surgery, summary stage, N stage, and histology were prognostic factors independently affecting OS (all P < 0.05). A nomogram was then constructed using the abovementioned predictors, except for the N stage. The bootstrap-corrected concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram was 0.820 (95% CI 0.805-0.835), surpassing the C-index of the TNM stage (0.571, 95% CI 0.550-0.592, P < 0.001). Based on time-dependent C-index results, the nomogram demonstrated a better discriminative ability compared to the TNM staging system. There was a good consistency between the observed values and predicted probabilities indicated by the calibration curves. The nomogram's clinical utility was supported by the decision curve analysis. Additionally, the nomogram can classify PRNET patients into low-risk and high-risk subgroups, with high-risk patients having poorer OS (P < 0.0001). The prognostic nomogram, based on individualized clinicopathological information, may be helpful in predicting survival outcomes for PRNET patients more accurately. Further external validation is required in future studies to confirm our developed nomogram's prognostic accuracy and clinical applicability.

Interactions between long non-coding RNAs and m6 A modification in cancer

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides (nt) in length, which are broadly implicated in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes, including allelic imprinting, genome packaging, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional activation and disruption, as well as the occurrence and progression of oncogenesis. N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) methylation stands as the most prevalent RNA modification, affecting multiple facets of RNA biology such as stability, splicing, transport, translation, degradation, and tertiary structure. Aberrant m6 A modifications are intimately implicated in cancer progression. In recent years, there has been a growing number of studies illuminating the dynamic interplay between lncRNAs and m6 A modifications, revealing that lncRNAs can modulate the activity of m6 A regulators, while m6 A not only affects the structural integrity but also the translational efficiency and stability of lncRNAs. Together, the interactions between lncRNAs and m6 A modifications significantly impact downstream oncogenes, cancer suppressor genes, cellular metabolism, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, drug transport, DNA homology repair, and epigenetics, subsequently influencing tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. This article endeavors to clarify the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs and m6 A modifications interaction in cancer to provide promising insights for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.

YTHDF1/RNF7/p27 axis promotes prostate cancer progression

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the urinary system and remains the most common cancer among males. In this study, we showed that YTHDF1, one of the reader proteins involved in the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification signaling pathway, is highly expressed in PCa cancerous tissues and cells, which correlates with poor clinical outcomes. Our study revealed that YTHDF1 knockdown inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and xenograft tumor formation by decreasing p27 protein stability through proteasome degradation signaling. Consistently, YTHDF1 depletion markedly reduced the clonogenic growth of Pten or/and TP53-deficient organoids. Candidate p27-targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases screening identified RNF7 as the direct downstream target for YTHDF1 in an m6A-dependent manner. The subsequent high translation of RNF7 results in the efficient degradation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27 and malignant tumor cell growth. In addition, we provided evidence showing that YTHDF1 or RNF7 depletion sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapy drug cisplatin by increasing cellular apoptosis. Our findings revealed that the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 effectively inhibited prostate cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Our study highlights the YTHDF1/RNF7/p27 axis as a crucial component in PCa, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target.

Cross ethnic Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal relationship between air pollution and risk of kidney stones

Accumulating evidence has indicated that exposures to air pollution increase the odds of kidney stones. However, the previous research methods were limited. To address this gap, we employed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets and Mendelian randomization (MR) to verify the causation. Applying publicly accessible summary datasets from UK Biobank, FinnGen consortium and Biobank Japan, a two-sample MR, and further multivariate MR were carried out to calculate the causality between air pollution [particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), PM2.5 absorbance, PM2.5-10, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides] and kidney stone risk in three different populations (European, East Asian, and South Asian). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) was utilized for its first-step assessment, supplemented with MR-Egger, weighted median, Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept and leave-one-out analysis to ensure the robustness. Employing IVW, we discovered in the European population that PM2.5 absorbance was statistically correlated with kidney stone risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.94; P = 0.04), with no heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or sensitivity observed. Additionally, the MVMR result revealed the directly causative connection between a single PM2.5 absorbance and the increase in kidney stone risk (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.06-2.98, p = 0.03). Our investigation proposed the correlation between PM2.5 absorbance and an increased risk of kidney stones in European populations. The control of air pollution, especially PM2.5, may have crucial implications for the prevention of kidney stones.

Summary of the mechanism of ferroptosis regulated by m6A modification in cancer progression

The most common form of internal RNA modification in eukaryotes is called n6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation. It has become more and more well-known as a research issue in recent years since it alters RNA metabolism and is involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, m6A alteration offers new opportunities in clinical applications and is intimately linked to carcinogenesis. Ferroptosis-a form of iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-induced regulated cell death-was discovered. In the development of cancer, it has become an important factor. According to newly available data, ferroptosis regulates tumor growth, and cancer exhibits aberrant m6A levels in crucial ferroptosis regulatory components. On the other hand, m6A has multiple roles in the development of tumors, and the relationship between m6A-modified ferroptosis and malignancies is quite intricate. In this review, we first give a thorough review of the regulatory and functional roles of m6A methylation, focusing on the molecular processes of m6A through the regulation of ferroptosis in human cancer progression and metastasis, which are strongly associated to cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the relationship between m6A-mediated regulation of ferroptosis in cancer progression, providing a new strategy for cancer treatment with substantial clinical implications.

Multiple roles of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in tumour progression

Metabolic reprogramming enables tumour cells to sustain their continuous proliferation and adapt to the ever-changing microenvironment. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their metabolites are involved in intracellular protein synthesis and catabolism, signal transduction, epigenetic modifications, and the maintenance of oxidative homeostasis. Alterations in BCAA metabolism can influence the progression of various tumours. However, how BCAA metabolism is dysregulated differs among depending on tumour type; for example, it can manifest as decreased BCAA metabolism leading to BCAA accumulation, or as enhanced BCAA uptake and increased catabolism. In this review, we describe the role of BCAA metabolism in the progression of different tumours. As well as discuss how BCAA metabolic reprogramming drives tumour therapy resistance and evasion of the antitumour immune response, and how these pro-cancer effects are achieved in part by activating the mTORC signalling pathway. In-depth investigations into the potential mechanisms by which BCAA metabolic reprogramming affects tumorigenesis and tumour progression can enhance our understanding of the relationship between metabolism and cancer and provide new strategies for cancer therapy.

Diagnostic value of LncRNA SNHG16 for osteoporotic fractures and its potential regulation of fracture healing

BACKGROUND

Osteoporotic fractures (OPF) have a serious impact on the health of patients. It is of great importance to investigate the diagnostic effect of SNH16 on OPF and the mechanism of action to promote fracture healing.

METHODS

132 OPF patients and 128 OP patients were included. The levels of SNHG16, Col I, RUNX2 and OCN were evaluated by RT-qPCR. The diagnostic value of SNHG16 was evaluated by ROC curve. Cell proliferation ability was assessed by CCK-8, and apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. ENCORI was used to predict the binding sites of SNHG16 with downstream target genes. DLR assay demonstrated the targeting relationship between SNHG16 and miR-432-5p.

RESULTS

SNHG16 was poorly expressed in OPF patients compared with OP patients, and its expression was lower in patients with delayed healing. In addition, in the OPF, OPG level was decreased, the level of RANKL was increased, and the balance of bone resorption formation is disrupted leading to fractures. Knockdown of SNHG16 results in decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, and high SNHG16 expression decreases miR-432-5p expression, thereby increasing the levels of Col I, RUNX2 and OCN.

CONCLUSION

Increasing SNHG16 can reduce the level of miR-432-5p thereby increasing the level of osteosynthesis proteins and restoring cellular activity, thereby promoting fracture healing.

Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified HMGB3 as a promising immunotherapy target for glioblastoma multiforme

OBJECTIVE

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents significant therapeutic challenges due to its heterogeneous tumorigenicity, drug resistance, and immunosuppression. Although several molecular markers have been developed, there still lack of sensitive molecular for accurately detection. Studying the mechanisms underlying the development of GBM and finding relevant prognostic biomarkers remains crucial.

METHODS

Single-cell RNA sequencing, bulk RNA-seq, and cancer immune cycle activities of GBM were used to assess the expression of different molecular related to GBM. Bioinformatics analyses were carried to evaluate the functional of the high mobility group protein B3 (HMGB3) in GBM.

RESULTS

HMGB3 was highly expressed in GBM tissues and influenced the interpatient and intratumoral transcriptomic heterogeneity as well as immunosuppression in GBM. HMGB3 also contributes to a no inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) and has an inhibitory effect on tumor-associated immune cell infiltration. Besides, HMGB3 participated GBM chemotherapeutic sensitivity and negative correlation with 140 medicines.

CONCLUSION

HMGB3 as a heterogeneous and immunosuppressive molecule in the GBM TME, making it a potential target for precision therapy for GBM.

MACC1 is a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma

Our team previously reported that MACC1 levels are closely related to a variety of tumors and the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, the predictive value of MACC1 levels for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) immunotherapy has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the predictive effect of the oncogene MACC1 on ICB reactivity in patients with LUAD. First, the expression patterns and clinical features of MACC1 in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were comprehensively evaluated using R packages. We subsequently assessed the correlations between MACC1 and immunological characteristics in the LUAD tumor microenvironment (TME) using the CIBERSORT algorithm. The results revealed that MACC1 overexpression was significantly correlated with 3 immune checkpoints, 14 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), 9 immunomodulators, 5 anticancer immune process activities, and 3 effector genes of TIICs in LUAD. Additionally, on the basis of the prognostic genes from LASSO analysis, we developed the MACC1-related Risk Score (MRRS), which can accurately predict the prognosis and response to cancer immunotherapy in LUAD patients (HR = 3.50, AUC at 1, 2, and 3 years = 0.737, 0.744, and 0.724, respectively). Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that the combination of MACC1 silencing and PD-L1 inhibitors significantly inhibits tumor progression. These findings increase our understanding of MACC1 as a potential prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. The MRRS may play a critical role in predicting the response of LUAD patients to ICB therapy.

Siglec-15 is a putative receptor for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused significant losses in the pork industry, but the mechanism of PEDV infection is still unclear. On the basis of our RNA-Seq data and due to the potential role of sialic acid as a coreceptor, we investigated the function of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) to determine its role as a receptor in PEDV infection. We found that Siglec-15 enhances PEDV infection by promoting viral adsorption to host cells. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays revealed that Siglec-15 binds to the S1 subunit and M protein of PEDV. PEDV infectivity was significantly reduced in Siglec-15 knockout mice. In addition, we developed a monoclonal antibody targeting Siglec-15 that can effectively inhibit PEDV infection both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our study suggests that Siglec-15 may be a receptor for PEDV infection, which is important for related mechanistic studies and reveals a novel target for anti-PEDV therapeutic development.

The Effect of Cuproptosis-Related Proteins on Macrophage Polarization in Mesothelioma is Revealed by scRNA-seq

High invasiveness mesothelioma is a malignant tumor of the peritoneum or pleura. The effect of cuproptosis on mesothelioma (MESO) is still unknown, though. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were used to identify differential genes linked to cuproptosis in mesothelioma. Multigene features were then created to assess the course of the disease. Use single-cell data and in vitro validation to uncover crucial gene regulation mechanisms. In MESO, we found nine differentially expressed genes linked to cuproptosis. Using univariate Cox and LASSO regression techniques, a 3-gene feature (P < 0.05) was created, showing a good predictive potential for survival time. According to the risk score, patients in the low-risk subset had a considerably greater survival rate than those in the high-risk subset (P = 0). The similar survival pattern and prediction performance are also seen in the validation queue. The findings of the drug sensitivity research indicate that in high-risk patients, vinblastine, paclitaxel, gefitinib, and erlotinib are sensitive medications (P < 0.05). Classical monocytes were identified as core cells connected to cuproptosis by the CellChat results. SLC31A1 is implicated in the positive regulation of M2 macrophage polarization, according to cell subtype analysis and in vitro confirmation. Genes linked to cuproptosis have a major influence on tumor immunity and can predict how MESO will progress.

Comparing open and video endoscopic lymphadenectomy for penile cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

OBJECTIVE

To conduct the first meta-analysis using only prospective studies to evaluate whether video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) offers advantages in perioperative outcomes compared to open IL (OIL) in patients with penile cancer.

METHODS

A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted across multiple databases, including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Latin America and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scopus, Web of Science, and several trial registries up to June 2024. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies were included. Data extraction focused on operative time, perioperative complications, drainage time, hospital stay, number of nodes retrieved and oncological outcomes.

RESULTS

Four prospective studies, including three RCTs and one non-randomised study, were included in the analysis, totalling 95 patients and 174 operated limbs. VEIL demonstrated significantly fewer wound infections (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01-0.18; I2 = 0), skin necrosis (P = 0.002; 95% CI 0.04-0.49; I2 = 0), and lymphoedema (P = 0.05; 95% CI 0.09-0.99; I2 = 27%) compared to OIL. The VEIL group also had a shorter drainage period (P = 0.001; mean difference [MD] -1.94, 95% CI -3.15 to -0.74) and hospital stay (P < 0.01; MD -5.48, 95% CI -6.34 to -4.62). Pain intensity and operative time were lower in the VEIL group, contributing to fewer postoperative complications overall. Oncological outcomes showed no significant differences between the groups.

CONCLUSION

The meta-analysis indicates that VEIL offers significant advantages over OIL in terms of reducing wound infections, skin necrosis, and lymphoedema, leading to shorter hospital stays and overall improved perioperative outcomes. However, the limited sample of 95 patients across four studies underscores the need for further randomised trials and a cautious interpretation of the results, which currently support the use of VEIL in managing patients with penile cancer.

The effect and potential mechanisms of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure on kidney stone risk

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may be associated with an increased prevalence of some kidney diseases. Kidney stones are common and have a high prevalence of kidney diseases. However, there is no evidence for the effect and potential mechanisms of PFAS on kidney stone risk. In this study, we designed a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data from 2017 to 2020. Our results revealed that PFAS were positively associated with kidney stone risk, and PFDA was the main contributing compound among PFAS. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the systemic immune-inflammatory (SII) index had significant mediation effects. In addition, target proteins, such as IL-6, TNF, ALB, IL-1B, and AKT1, and signaling pathways, including TNF and IL-17 pathways, might be potential mechanisms of PFAS in promoting kidney stone risk. In conclusion, PFAS, especially PFDA, increases the risk of kidney stones by the mediation effects of the TyG index and SII index. TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways may be potential mechanisms. Our findings provide new evidence for the effects and potential mechanisms of PFAS exposure in increasing kidney stone risk. However, in the future, it is still imperative to further explore and validate the underlying mechanisms of PFAS-induced kidney stone formation through experimental studies.

Revolutionizing prostate cancer therapy: Artificial intelligence - Based nanocarriers for precision diagnosis and treatment

Prostate cancer is one of the major health challenges in the world and needs novel therapeutic approaches to overcome the limitations of conventional treatment. This review delineates the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AL) in enhancing nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for prostate cancer therapy. With its ability to optimize nanocarrier design and predict drug delivery kinetics, AI has revolutionized personalized treatment planning in oncology. We discuss how AI can be integrated with nanotechnology to address challenges related to tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and systemic toxicity. Emphasis is placed on strong AI-driven advancements in the design of nanocarriers, structural optimization, targeting of ligands, and pharmacokinetics. We also give an overview of how AI can better predict toxicity, reduce costs, and enable personalized medicine. While challenges persist in the way of data accessibility, regulatory hurdles, and interactions with the immune system, future directions based on explainable AI (XAI) models, integration of multimodal data, and green nanocarrier designs promise to move the field forward. Convergence between AI and nanotechnology has been one key step toward safer, more effective, and patient-tailored cancer therapy.

Brazilian Guidelines on evaluation and clinical management of Nephrolithiasis: Brazilian Society of Nephrology

The prevalence of nephrolithiasis has been increasing in recent years, affecting appro-ximately 10% and 15% of the population. Kidney stone disease is associated with syste-mic comorbidities such as cardiovascular dis-ease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. The first Nephrolithiasis Guideline by the Brazilian Society of Nephrology was published in 2002, and since then, the accumulation of new clinical studies and guidelines has justified a review of the subject. This updated document, prepared by the Nephrolithiasis Committee of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology, reflects the advances in the management of patients with kidney stones. The guideline aims to provide recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of nephrolithiasis, based on the best available evidence. Topics covered include clinical evaluation, laboratory and imaging tests, as well as dietary and pharmacological interventions, and follow-up strategies.

Methionine-driven YTHDF1 expression facilitates bladder cancer progression by attenuating RIG-I-modulated immune responses and enhancing the eIF5B-PD-L1 axis

The impact of amino acids on tumor immunotherapy is gradually being uncovered. In this study, we screened various essential and non-essential amino acids and found that methionine enhances mRNA methylation and reduced the activation of Type I interferon pathway in bladder cancer. Through RNA sequencing, point mutations, MB49 mouse tumor models, and single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that high methionine levels elevate the expression of m6A reader YTHDF1, promoting the degradation of RIG-I, thereby inhibiting the RIG-I/MAVS-mediated IFN-I pathway and reducing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry revealed that YTHDF1 binds to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5B, which acts on PD-L1 mRNA to enhance its translation and promote immune evasion. By intravesical administration of oncolytic bacteria VNP20009, we effectively depleted methionine locally, significantly prolonging mouse survival and enhancing immune cell infiltration and differentiation within tumors. Multiplex immunofluorescence assays in bladder cancer immunotherapy patients confirmed our findings. Our research elucidates two mechanisms by which methionine inhibits bladder cancer immunotherapy and proposes a targeted methionine depletion strategy that advances research while minimizing nutritional impact on patients.

Cancer Cell and Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Communication-Mediated Molecular Subtypes Portray Non-Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment and Guide the Precision Treatment of Bladder Cancer

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) drive tumor progression through restructuring of the tumor microenvironment. This investigation aim to elucidate the function of molecular subtypes (MS) derived from cancer cells communication with CAFs, depicting the hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment and precise bladder cancer (BLCA) treatment. The BLCA data from TCGA and several external sources are utilized to generate a novel ligand, receptor, and transcription factor (LRT) associated molecular subtype and their corresponding score (LRT score). The LRT-mediated molecular subtype is identified via unsupervised clustering. LRT score is measured by principal component analysis. Then, the association of LRT clusters to established MS, immunophenotypes, and medical endpoints, together with BLCA treatment strategies is investigated. Two LRT clusters (A and B) are identified. LRT cluster (LRT score) can precisely propose immunophenotypes, classical MS, clinical outcomes, and BLCA therapeutic strategies. Cluster B (Low LRT score) represent a basal subtype and inflamed phenotype specified by high immunity against tumors and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it is highly sensitive to cancer immunotherapy; however, it has low sensitivity to antiangiogenic and targeted therapies. The novel LRT clusters with a strong association with biological characteristics and precise BLCA treatment strategies are derived from the communication between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. The LRT may be a useful clinician tool for developing individualized treatment strategies.

The complexities of cell death mechanisms: a new perspective in systemic sclerosis therapy

Systemic sclerosis, also termed scleroderma, is a severe and debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, an aberrant immune response, and vascular dysfunction. Cell death is essential to the body's continued normal development as it removes old or damaged cells. This process is governed by several mechanisms, including programmed cell death through apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis, as well as metabolic processes, such as ferroptosis and cuproptosis. This review describes the signaling pathways associated with each form of cell death, examining the linkages between these pathways, and discussing how the dysregulation of cell death processes is involved in the development of autoimmune disorders such as systemic sclerosis. Existing and promising therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the balance of cell death in systemic sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders are also emphasized.

Pan-cancer analysis of CHRDL1 expression and its mechanistic role in inhibiting EMT via the TGF-β pathway in lung adenocarcinoma

Background

The primary objective of this study is to conduct a pan-cancer analysis of CHRDL1 expression, to determine its correlation with patient survival rates, immune cell infiltration, and drug sensitivity. Additionally, the study aimed to further validate the mechanistic role of CHRDL1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), clarifying its contribution to tumorigenesis and evaluating its potential as a therapeutic target for LUAD.

Methods

We employed bioinformatics strategies to analyze CHRDL1 expression using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx). Survival analysis was executed with GEPIA2, while drug sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated via the CellMiner database. Mutational profiles were examined using cBioPortal, and the immune microenvironment was assessed through the TIMER database. To substantiate our findings, we conducted in vitro cellular assays and in vivo animal models to validate the mechanistic actions of CHRDL1 in LUAD.

Results

CHRDL1 expression levels showed significant variation across different cancer types, with tumor tissues typically demonstrating lower expression compared to their normal counterparts. In certain cancers, elevated CHRDL1 expression was linked to poorer survival outcomes, whereas in LUAD, it was associated with improved survival. Furthermore, CHRDL1 expression correlated with the IC50 values of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs and played a role in modulating the immune microenvironment. We discovered that CHRDL1 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in LUAD through the TGF-β pathway.

Conclusion

CHRDL1 exerts a complex influence on cancer development and progression, particularly in LUAD, by impacting tumor progression, immune regulation, chemosensitivity, and EMT regulation. This research offers valuable insights into the overarching mechanisms of cancer progression and aids in the discovery of innovative therapeutic strategies for LUAD treatment.

Inflammation in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Inflammation appears to play a crucial role in the development and progression of penile cancer (PeCa). Two molecular pathways of PeCa are currently described: HPV-dependent and HPV-independent. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of PeCa is characterized by the presence of tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The components of the TIME produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which have been found to be overexpressed in PeCa tissues and are associated with tumor progression and unfavorable prognoses. Additionally, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) have been implicated in PeCa pathogenesis. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been identified as potential prognostic biomarkers in PeCa. This overview presents the complex contribution of the inflammatory process and collates projects aimed at modulating TIME in PeCa.

Redefining hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: nanotechnology meets tumor immune microenvironment

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, characterised by its complex pathogenesis and poor therapeutic outcomes. Despite recent advances in targeted molecular therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), radiotherapy and conventional chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate for this neoplasm remains dismally low. The progress in nanotechnology has revolutionised cancer treatment in recent years. These advances provide unprecedented opportunities to overcome the current limitations of different therapeutic modalities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how nanotechnology interfaces with the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) in HCC and can present a new frontier in therapeutic interventions for HCC. We critically overview the latest developments in nanoparticle-based delivery systems for various drugs and also other antitumor agents like thermal therapy and radiotherapy. We also highlight the unique ability of nanoparticles to modulate the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, we analyse emerging strategies that exploit nanoformulations to overcome biological barriers and enhance drug bioavailability in HCC treatment.

Exosomes containing miR-152-3p targeting FGFR3 mediate SLC7A7-induced angiogenesis in bladder cancer

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a prevalent malignancy with a poor prognosis. SLC7A7 has been linked to BCa progression and angiogenesis, but its specific role remains unclear. We established a SLC7A7-knockdown BCa cell line to investigate its effects on angiogenesis. In vivo experiments assessed tumor vascularization, while in vitro studies explored exosome involvement. MiRNA sequencing identified miR-152-3p as a key regulator. Further investigation using dual-luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blot revealed that miR-152-3p inhibits the expression of FGFR3 by binding to its 3' UTR. Meanwhile, functional assays, including angiogenesis assays, Transwell assays, and wound healing assays, were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-152-3p on angiogenesis. We confirmed the significant role of SLC7A7 in BCa progression, specifically in promoting angiogenesis, through the involvement of exosomes and the regulatory axis of miR-152-3p/ FGFR3. Targeting FGFR3 might be a promising strategy to reverse control BCa progression for an improved prognosis.

Associations between cardiometabolic index with kidney stones: evidence from NHANES 2007-2018

Background

Kidney stones are a prevalent disorder that is linked to a range of metabolic variables. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a newly developed combined measure used to evaluate the state of cardiometabolic health. Nevertheless, the association between CMI and kidney stone remains little investigated.

Methods

In this study, cross-sectional analysis was done on NHANES data from 2007 to 2018. The association between the prevalence of kidney stones and the CMI was investigated using a logistic regression analysis. To look into the nonlinear link between them, we used restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. The study was made more reliable and accurate by using sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis to look for factors that may have contributed to the different results.

Results

A significant association was seen between increased CMI and the prevalence of kidney stones (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.32). The RCS analysis revealed crucial CMI values that exhibited a robust association within a certain range. Subgroup studies revealed that this link was particularly prominent among those below the age of 50, females, obese, CKD and diabetes patients. The dependability of the study's conclusions was further established using sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

This study established a notable association between CMI and a higher prevalence of kidney stones, emphasizing the significance of CMI as a comprehensive measure for evaluating metabolic risk. Furthermore, it suggests that monitoring CMI levels could be beneficial in identifying populations with a high prevalence of kidney stones.

Activation of endogenous full-length utrophin by MyoAAV-UA as a therapeutic approach for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Activation of endogenous full-length utrophin, a dystrophin homolog, presents an attractive therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), regardless of mutation types and loci. However, current dCas9-based activators are too large for efficient adeno-associated virus delivery, and the feasibility and durability of such treatments remain unclear. Here, we develop a muscle-targeted utrophin activation system using the compact dCasMINI-VPR system, termed MyoAAV-UA. Systemic administration of MyoAAV-UA in male mdx mice leads to substantial upregulation of utrophin at the sarcolemma, resulting in significant improvements in skeletal muscle function and a slowing of heart function deterioration. These benefits remain observable at six months post-treatment. In male nonhuman primates, systemic administration of MyoAAV-UA increases utrophin expression by twofold in skeletal muscle, with no significant side effects observed. Furthermore, MyoAAV-UA upregulates utrophin and utrophin-glycoprotein complexes in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myotubes from DMD patients. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate the potential of MyoAAV-UA as a therapeutic approach for DMD.

Evaluation of C-reactive protein levels in patients with penile cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an essential biomarker for evaluating penile cancer prognosis. Previous studies have reported conflicting outcomes concerning the correlation between CRP levels and penile cancer prognosis. This study aimed to investigate this relationship by conducting a meta-analysis of published literature.

METHODS

A systematic literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases to analyze the prognostic significance of serum CRP levels in individuals diagnosed with penile cancer. Pooled risk estimates were calculated using fixed-effects or random-effects models, depending on the degree of interstudy heterogeneity.

RESULTS

Sixty-eight articles were reviewed, identifying 8 articles and 989 patients that met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed a significant association between serum CRP levels and adverse outcomes in penile cancer cases (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46-3.858). Additional meta-analysis findings showed a negative correlation between elevated CRP levels and overall survival (HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.23-3.16, p<0.01), cancer-specific survival (HR = 3.42, 95% CI = 1.38-8.47, p<0.01), and disease-specific survival (HR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.79-5.8, p<0.01) in patients with penile cancer. In the subgroup analysis, the HRs (95% CI) were 1.66 (0.61-4.48) in Europeans, 3.08 (2-4.74) in Asians, 3.04 (1.93-4. 77) in Chinese, 2.07 (1.21-3.53) in the group of cutoff value ≥ 5 mg/L, 2.43 (1.44-4.12) in the group of cutoff value ≥ 10 mg/L, 2.12 (1.04-4.32) in the group of surgical intervention, and 3.07 (1.76-5.37) in the group of multitherapy. This study also found a significant relationship between serum CRP levels and lymph node metastasis in patients with penile cancer (relative risk = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.61-3.2, p<0.01).

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis indicates that increased CRP levels were associated with a poorer prognosis in penile cancer. Therefore, CRP levels could potentially serve as a prognostic indicator of penile cancer.

PMEPA1 Binds NEDD4L to Inhibit the Malignant Progression of Multiple Myeloma by Inactivating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy with increasing prevalence. Prostate transmembrane androgen inducible protein 1 (PMEPA1) is positively associated with overall survival in MM patients, but the exact functions and mechanisms of PMEPA1 in MM have yet to be elucidated. PMEPA1 and neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4L (NEDD4L) levels in MM cells were examined. In RPMI-8226 cells with PMEPA1 overexpression or/and NEDD4L knockdown, cell proliferation, cycle distribution and apoptosis were evaluated with the application of CCK-8, EDU staining and flow cytometry. The BioGrid website and HDOCK SERVER were applied for predicting the binding between PMEPA1 and NEDD4L, which was checked by co-immunoprecipitation. Besides, the levels of proteins associated with proliferation (Ki67 and PCNA), apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase3) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling (β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1) was detected with immunoblotting. Finally, LiCl, an activator of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was employed to treat RPMI-8226 cells to analyze the proliferation, cycle distribution and apoptosis of MM cells. As a result, PMEPA1 and NEDD4L were expressed at low levels in MM cells. PMEPA1 upregulation repressed proliferation induced cycle arrest and facilitated apoptosis of MM cells. Moreover, PMEPA1 bound to NEDD4L and upregulated NEDD4L expression in RPMI-8226 cells. Functionally, NEDD4L knockdown attenuated the influences of PMEPA1 overexpression on the proliferation, cycle distribution and apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cells. Additionally, PMEPA1 notably downregulated β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 expression in RPMI-8226 cells, which was abrogated by NEDD4L silencing. Further adding LiCl in RPMI-8226 cells led to the enhanced malignant biological behaviors. Collectively, PMEPA1 damaged MM progression through binding NEDD4L to inactivate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may be helpful to develop promising targets for MM treatment.

Factors predictive of recurrence, metastasis and death in node-negative penile squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicentre cohort study

BACKGROUND

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) carries significant morbidity and mortality. Literature is limited regarding prognostic factors, especially prognostic factors for development of metastasis.

OBJECTIVES

To identify independent prognostic factors associated with poor outcomes, defined as local recurrence (LR), metastasis and disease-specific death (DSD) in clinically node-negative PSCC undergoing local therapy.

METHODS

Thirty-two-year Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study of 265 patients with histologically diagnosed PSCC at three tertiary care centres. Predictive models based on patient or tumour characteristics were developed.

RESULTS

Local recurrence occurred in 56 patients, metastasis in 52 patients and DSD in 40 patients. In multivariable models, the following five factors were independent prognostic factors based on subhazard ratio (SHR): history of balanitis (LR SHR: 2.3; 95% CI 1.2-4.2), poor differentiation (metastasis SHR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0-3.6), invasion into the corpora (metastasis SHR: 3.0; 95% CI 1.5-5.8 and DSD SHR: 4.5; 95% CI 1.7-12.1), perineural invasion (PNI) (metastasis SHR: 2.8; 95% CI 1.4-5.5 and DSD SHR: 3.5; 95% CI, 1.6-7.8) and a history of phimosis (DSD SHR: 2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.3). The 5-year cumulative incidence of metastasis was higher for tumours with PNI [cumulative incidence function (CIF) = 55%, 95% CI 38-75 vs. CIF 15%, 95% CI 11-22], corporal invasion (CIF: 35%, 95% CI 26-47 vs. 12%, 95% CI 7-19) and poorly differentiated tumours (CIF = 46%, 95% CI 31-64 vs. CIF 15%, 95% CI 11-22).

CONCLUSIONS

History of balanitis, history of phimosis, PNI, corporal invasion and poor differentiation are independent risk factors associated with poor outcomes. Since poor differentiation and PNI currently constitute only T1b disease, prognostic staging can likely be improved.

Exposure to airborne particulate matter and undernutrition in young rats: An in-depth histopathological and biochemical study on lung and excretory organs

Environmental stressors, such as air particulate matter (PM) and nutrient deficiencies, can significantly impact crucial organs involved in detoxifying xenobiotics, including lungs, liver, and kidneys, especially in vulnerable populations like children. This study investigated the effect of 4-week exposure to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) on these organs in young rats under growth-restricted nutrition (NGR). We assessed histological, histomorphometric and biochemical parameters. ROFA exposure induced histological changes and inflammation in all three organs when compared to control (C) animals. Specifically, in lungs ROFA caused a significant reduction in alveolar airspace (C: 55.8 ± 1.8% vs. ROFA: 38.7 ± 3.0%, p < 0.01) and alveolar number along with changes in alveolar size distribution, and disruption of the smooth muscle layer which may impaired respiratory function. In the liver, ROFA increased binucleated cells, macro and microvesicles and both AST and ALT serum biomarkers (AST: C = 77.7 ± 1.3 vs. ROFA = 81.6 ± 1.3, p < 0.05; ALT: C = 44.5 ± 0.9 vs. ROFA = 49.4 ± 1.3, p < 0.05). In the kidneys, a reduced Bowman's space (C: 2.15 ± 0.2 mm2 vs. ROFA: 1.74 ± 0.2 mm2, p < 0.05) was observed, indicative of glomerular filtration failure. NGR alone reduced Bowman's space (C: 2.15 ± 0.2 mm2 vs. NGR: 1.06 ± 0.1 mm2, p < 0.001). In lung and liver NGR showed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) when compared to C. In conclusion, both stressors negatively affected lung and excretory organs in young rats, with nutritional status further modulating the physiological response to ROFA. These findings highlight the compounded risks posed by environmental pollutants and poor nutrition in vulnerable populations.

Association between cystitis glandularis and bladder neck leiomyoma: A case report and literature review

This article reported the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis glandularis (CG) co-occurring with bladder neck leiomyomas. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of a single case of CG with bladder neck leiomyoma. A 31-year-old Chinese woman was given a diagnosis of CG and bladder neck leiomyoma. The mass and surrounding bladder mucosal lesions were entirely excised via transurethral resection, leaving a clean margin of healthy tissue. Histopathological analyses confirmed the diagnosis of CG and bladder neck leiomyoma. The patient remained asymptomatic throughout the follow-up period, with no indication of recurrence. Cystitis glandularis co-occurring with bladder neck leiomyoma requires careful examination, and surgery remains the best treatment option for these diseases.

Exploration of a prognostic signature for mitochondria-related genes and the therapeutic prospects of vorinostat in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Background

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a lethal urological cancer that accounts for a considerable portion of all malignant tumors in adults. Alterations in mitochondrial function and metabolism may influence the onset and progression of ccRCC. This study aims to develop a novel clinical prognostic signature for ccRCC based on mitochondria-associated genes, as well as to identify new potential therapeutic agents for this condition.

Methods

A total of 539 ccRCC tumors and 72 normal kidney specimens were analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We created a prognostic signature based on univariate, multivariate Cox, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. A differential expression analysis, functional enrichment, and assessment of tumor immune cell infiltration were performed. Connectivity Map (CMap) and L1000CDS2 dataset were utilized for potential therapeutic drug identification. Vorinostat was examined for its effects on ccRCC cell proliferation, cell death, migration, and invasion using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, wound healing, and transwell assays.

Results

The prognostic signature, comprising 16 mitochondria-related genes, demonstrated marked changes in overall survival between high- and low-risk groups. Functional analysis implicated immune-related pathways, indicating potential for immunotherapy strategies. Vorinostat, identified through drug screening, exhibited inhibitory implications on ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced cell death.

Conclusions

The constructed prognostic signature provides a valuable tool for patient prognosis prediction. Vorinostat emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for high-risk ccRCC patients, contributing to a deeper understanding of ccRCC biology and personalized therapeutic interventions.