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Tanveer A, Gupta S, Dwivedi S, Yadav S, Yadav D. Recycling of printed Xerographic paper using Aspergillus assiutensis enzyme cocktail: an integrated approach to sustainable development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39217-39231. [PMID: 38814560 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
To overcome the human and animal survivability risk, sustainable development is the only option on earth that can be achieved through the maximum use of renewable environmental resources. Recycling of waste paper is an emerging waste management approach to conserve natural resources. Herein, we studied enzyme-mediated process to recycle the xerographic paper by using the crude fungal extract from indigenously isolated fungi identified as Aspergillus assiutensis. The fungal enzyme cocktail has been characterized for the production of multiple enzymes namely cellulase, amylase, xylanase, pectinase, and protease. All these enzymes have pH optima in the acidic range and except cellulase and all the enzymes are stable from 10 to 80 C. In the zymogram analysis, pectinase, xylanase, amylase, and cellulase were detected at 68 kDa, ~ 54 kDa, 38 kDa, and 30 kDa, respectively. Also, the presence of protease was confirmed by the clear zone at 68, 31, and 16 kDa. A 26% decrease in the kappa number and reduction in Hex A of the pulp was observed on the treatment of the pulp with enzyme as compared to the control pulp without any treatment. The physical and chemical properties of the pulp were also improved by enzyme-mediated pulping as compared to the control The physiochemical parameter of the effluent like TDS was reduced (397 ppm) significantly in comparison to chemical deinking process and it was within the permissible limit. BOD and alkalinity were reduced when the enzymes and chemical dosage were used in combination. These results indicate that chemi-enzymatic deinking is most promising to reduce or remove the pollution parameters including ink and this approach can be used in the paper and pulp industry for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Tanveer
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Supriya Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Wang M, Cui H, Gu C, Li A, Qiao J, Schwaneberg U, Zhang L, Wei J, Li X, Huang H. Engineering All-Round Cellulase for Bioethanol Production. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2187-2197. [PMID: 37403343 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
One strategy to decrease both the consumption of crude oil and environmental damage is through the production of bioethanol from biomass. Cellulolytic enzyme stability and enzymatic hydrolysis play important roles in the bioethanol process. However, the gradually increased ethanol concentration often reduces enzyme activity and leads to inactivation, thereby limiting the final ethanol yield. Herein, we employed an optimized Two-Gene Recombination Process (2GenReP) approach to evolve the exemplary cellulase CBHI for practical bioethanol fermentation. Two all-round CBHI variants (named as R2 and R4) were obtained with simultaneously improved ethanol resistance, organic solvent inhibitor tolerance, and enzymolysis stability in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Notably, CBHI R4 had a 7.0- to 34.5-fold enhanced catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) in the presence/absence of ethanol. Employing the evolved CBHI R2 and R4 in the 1G bioethanol process resulted in up to 10.27% (6.7 g/L) improved ethanol yield (ethanol concentration) than non-cellulase, which was far more beyond than other optimization strategies. Besides bioenergy fields, this transferable protein engineering routine holds the potential to generate all-round enzymes that meet the requirement in biotransformation and bioenergy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Haiyang Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Chenlei Gu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Anni Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Junnan Wei
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Qiao J, Sheng Y, Wang M, Li A, Li X, Huang H. Evolving Robust and Interpretable Enzymes for the Bioethanol Industry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300320. [PMID: 36701239 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining a robust and applicable enzyme for bioethanol production is a dream for biorefinery engineers. Herein, we describe a general method to evolve an all-round and interpretable enzyme that can be directly employed in the bioethanol industry. By integrating the transferable protein evolution strategy InSiReP 2.0 (In Silico guided Recombination Process), enzymatic characterization for actual production, and computational molecular understanding, the model cellulase PvCel5A (endoglucanase II Cel5A from Penicillium verruculosum) was successfully evolved to overcome the remaining challenges of low ethanol and temperature tolerance, which primarily limited biomass transformation and bioethanol yield. Remarkably, application of the PvCel5A variants in both first- and second-generation bioethanol production processes (i. Conventional corn ethanol fermentation combined with the in situ pretreatment process; ii. cellulosic ethanol fermentation process) resulted in a 5.7-10.1 % increase in the ethanol yield, which was unlikely to be achieved by other optimization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Yijie Sheng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Anni Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210097, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Semenova MV, Gusakov AV, Telitsin VD, Matys VY, Bubnova TV, Nemashkalov VA, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyn AP. A New Enzyme Preparation Containing Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and β-Glucosidase—Synergistic Additives to Cellulases. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Characterization of Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Soil and the Optimization of Their Culture Conditions for Cellulase Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5060-5082. [PMID: 35687308 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of bacteria with hydrolytic potential significantly contributes to the industries. Six cellulose-degrading bacteria were isolated from mixture soil samples collected at Kingfisher Lake and the University of Manitoba campus by Congo red method using carboxymethyl cellulose agar medium and identified as Paenarthrobacter sp. MKAL1, Hymenobacter sp. MKAL2, Mycobacterium sp. MKAL3, Stenotrophomonas sp. MKAL4, Chryseobacterium sp. MKAL5, and Bacillus sp. MKAL6. Their cellulase production was optimized by controlling different environmental and nutritional factors such as pH, temperature, incubation period, substrate concentration, nitrogen, and carbon sources using the dinitrosalicylic acid and response surface methods. Except for Paenarthrobacter sp. MKAL1, all strains are motile. Only Bacillus sp. MKAL6 was non-salt-tolerant and showed gelatinase activity. Sucrose enhanced higher cellulase activity of 78.87 ± 4.71 to 190.30 ± 6.42 U/mL in these strains at their optimum pH (5-6) and temperature (35-40 °C). The molecular weights of these cellulases were about 25 kDa. These bacterial strains could be promising biocatalysts for converting cellulose into glucose for industrial purposes.
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Kislitsin VY, Chulkin AM, Zorov IN, Shashkov IA, Satrutdinov AD, Sinitsyn AP, Rozhkova AM. Influence of Mono- and Oligosaccharides on cbh1 Gene Transcription in the Filamentous Fungus Penicillium verruculosum. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821090040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agrawal K, Verma P. Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:95. [PMID: 38650192 PMCID: PMC10992179 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with its techno-economic analysis for future applications. The present review gives a complete overview of current perspectives on the production of microbial cellulases as a promising tool to develop a sustainable and greener concept for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bhardwaj
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Bikash Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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8
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Semenova MV, Gusakov AV, Telitsin VD, Sinitsyn AP. Enzymatic Destruction of Cellulose: Characteristics of the Kinetic Interaction of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases and Individual Cellulases. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821050136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Pramanik S, Semenova MV, M Rozhkova A, Zorov IN, Korotkova O, Sinitsyn AP, Davari MD. An engineered cellobiohydrolase I for sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4014-4027. [PMID: 34196389 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study provides computational-assisted engineering of the cellobiohydrolase I (CBH-I) from Penicillium verruculosum with simultaneous enhanced thermostability and tolerance in ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvent, and concentrated seawater without affecting its wild-type activity. Engineered triple variant CBH-I R1 (A65R-G415R-S181F) showed 2.48-fold higher thermostability in terms of relative activity at 65°C after 1 h of incubation when compared with CBH-I wild type. CBH-I R1 exhibited 1.87-fold, 1.36-fold, and 1.57-fold higher specific activities compared with CBH-I wild type in [Bmim]Cl (50 g/L), [Ch]Cl (50 g/L), and two-fold concentrated seawater, respectively. In the multicellulases mixture, CBH-I R1 showed higher hydrolytic efficiency to hydrolyze aspen wood compared with CBH-I wild type in the buffer, [Bmim]Cl (50 g/L), and two-fold concentrated seawater, respectively. Structural analysis revealed a molecular basis for the higher stability of the CBH-I structure in which A65R and G415R substitutions form salt bridges (D64 … R65, E411 … R415) and S181F forms π-π interaction (Y155 … F181), leading to stabilize surface-exposed flexible α-helixes and loop in the multidomain β-jelly roll fold structure, respectively. In conclusion, the variant CBH-I R1 could enable efficient lignocellulosic biomass degradation as a cost-effective alternative for the sustainable production of biofuels and value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Margarita V Semenova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra M Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan N Zorov
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Korotkova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arkady P Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Karp SG, Rozhkova AM, Semenova MV, Osipov DO, de Pauli STZ, Sinitsyna OA, Zorov IN, de Souza Vandenberghe LP, Soccol CR, Sinitsyn AP. Designing enzyme cocktails from Penicillium and Aspergillus species for the enhanced saccharification of agro-industrial wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124888. [PMID: 33713945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop optimized enzyme cocktails, containing native and recombinant purified enzymes from five fungal species, for the saccharification of alkali- and acid-pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean hulls (SBH) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). Basic cellulases were represented by cellobiohydrolase I (CBH) and endo-glucanase II (EG) from Penicillium verruculosum and β-glucosidase (BG) from Aspergillus niger. Auxiliary enzymes were represented by endo-xylanase A (Xyl), pectin lyase (PNL) and arabinoxylanhydrolase (AXH) from Penicillium canescens, β-xylosidase (BX) from Aspergillus japonicus, endo-arabinase (ABN) from A. niger and arabinofuranosidase (Abf) from Aspergillus foetidus. Enzyme loads were 5 mg protein/g dry substrate (basic cellulases) and 1 mg/g (each auxiliary enzyme). The best choice for SCB and EFB saccharification was alkaline pretreatment and addition of Xyl + BX, AXH + BX or ABN + BX + Abf to basic cellulases. For SBH, acid pretreatment and basic cellulases combined with ABN + BX + Abf or Xyl + BX performed better than other enzyme preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G Karp
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alexandra M Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Margarita V Semenova
- Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Dmitrii O Osipov
- Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Suellen T Z de Pauli
- Federal University of Paraná, Postgraduate Program in Numerical Methods, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Olga A Sinitsyna
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan N Zorov
- Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Carlos R Soccol
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Arkady P Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Waghmare PR, Waghmare PP, Gao L, Sun W, Qin Y, Liu G, Qu Y. Efficient Constitutive Expression of Cellulolytic Enzymes in Penicillium oxalicum for Improved Efficiency of Lignocellulose Degradation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:740-746. [PMID: 33746194 PMCID: PMC9705867 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2101.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cellulolytic enzyme production is important for the development of lignocellulose-degrading enzyme mixtures. However, purification of cellulases from their native hosts is time- and labor-consuming. In this study, a constitutive expression system was developed in Penicillium oxalicum for the secreted production of proteins. Using a constitutive polyubiquitin gene promoter and cultivating with glucose as the sole carbon source, nine cellulolytic enzymes of different origins with relatively high purity were produced within 48 h. When supplemented to a commercial cellulase preparation, cellobiohydrolase I from P. funiculosum and cellobiohydrolase II from Talaromyces verruculosus showed remarkable enhancing effects on the hydrolysis of steam-exploded corn stover. Additionally, a synergistic effect was observed for these two cellobiohydrolases during the hydrolysis. Taken together, the constitutive expression system provides a convenient tool for the production of cellulolytic enzymes, which is expected to be useful in the development of highly efficient lignocellulose-degrading enzyme mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong 266101, P. R. China
| | - Wan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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Sinitsyn AP, Sinitsyna OA. Bioconversion of Renewable Plant Biomass. Second-Generation Biofuels: Raw Materials, Biomass Pretreatment, Enzymes, Processes, and Cost Analysis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:S166-S195. [PMID: 33827407 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921140121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses various aspects of renewable plant biomass conversion and production of the second-generation biofuels, including the types of plant biomass, its composition and reaction ability in the enzymatic hydrolysis, and various pretreatment methods for increasing the biomass reactivity. Conversion of plant biomass into sugars requires the use of a complex of enzymes, the composition of which should be adapted to the biomass type and the pretreatment method. The efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis can be increased by optimizing the composition of the enzymatic complex and by increasing the catalytic activity and operational stability of its constituent enzymes. The availability of active enzyme producers also plays an important role. Examples of practical implementation and scaling of processes for the production of second-generation biofuels are presented together with the cost analysis of bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadij P Sinitsyn
- Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Sinitsyna
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Contreras F, Nutschel C, Beust L, Davari MD, Gohlke H, Schwaneberg U. Can constraint network analysis guide the identification phase of KnowVolution? A case study on improved thermostability of an endo-β-glucanase. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:743-751. [PMID: 33552446 PMCID: PMC7822948 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulases are industrially important enzymes, e.g., in the production of bioethanol, in pulp and paper industry, feedstock, and textile. Thermostability is often a prerequisite for high process stability and improving thermostability without affecting specific activities at lower temperatures is challenging and often time-consuming. Protein engineering strategies that combine experimental and computational are emerging in order to reduce experimental screening efforts and speed up enzyme engineering campaigns. Constraint Network Analysis (CNA) is a promising computational method that identifies beneficial positions in enzymes to improve thermostability. In this study, we compare CNA and directed evolution in the identification of beneficial positions in order to evaluate the potential of CNA in protein engineering campaigns (e.g., in the identification phase of KnowVolution). We engineered the industrially relevant endoglucanase EGLII from Penicillium verruculosum towards increased thermostability. From the CNA approach, six variants were obtained with an up to 2-fold improvement in thermostability. The overall experimental burden was reduced to 40% utilizing the CNA method in comparison to directed evolution. On a variant level, the success rate was similar for both strategies, with 0.27% and 0.18% improved variants in the epPCR and CNA-guided library, respectively. In essence, CNA is an effective method for identification of positions that improve thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Contreras
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Nutschel
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) and Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Laura Beust
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) and Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Sinitsyn AP, Sinitsyna OA, Zorov IN, Rozhkova AM. Exploring the Capabilities of the Penicillium verruculosum Expression System for the Development of Producers of Enzymes for the Effective Degradation of Renewable Plant Biomass: a Review. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effect of Novel Penicillium verruculosum Enzyme Preparations on the Saccharification of Acid- and Alkali-Pretreated Agro-Industrial Residues. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10091348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating different enzyme combinations in the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean husks (SBH) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) submitted to mild acid and alkaline pretreatments. Enzyme pools were represented by B1 host (crude cellulase/xylanase complexes of Penicillium verruculosum); B1-XylA (Penicillium canescens xylanase A expressed in P. verruculosum B1 host strain); and F10 (Aspergillus niger β-glucosidase expressed in B1 host strain). Enzyme loading was 10 mg protein/g dry substrate and 40 U/g of β-glucosidase (F10) activity. SCB was efficiently hydrolyzed by B1 host after alkaline pretreatment, yielding glucose and reducing sugars at 71 g/L or 65 g/100 g of dry pretreated substrate and 91 g/L or 83 g/100 g, respectively. B1 host performed better also for EFB, regardless of the pretreatment method, but yields were lower (glucose 27–30 g/L, 25–27 g/100 g; reducing sugars 37–42 g/L, 34–38 g/100 g). SBH was efficiently saccharified by the combination of B1 host and B1-XylA, yielding similar concentrations of reducing sugars for both pretreatments (92–96 g/L, 84–87 g/100 g); glucose recovery, however, was higher with alkaline pretreatment (81 g/L, 74 g/100 g). Glucose and reducing sugar yields from initial substrate mass were 42% and 54% for SCB, 36% and 42–47% for SBH and 16–18% and 21–26% for EFB, respectively.
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de Oliveira Júnior SD, de Araújo Padilha CE, de Asevedo EA, de Macedo GR, dos Santos ES. Recovery and purification of cellulolytic enzymes from Aspergillus fumigatus CCT 7873 using an aqueous two-phase micellar system. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
In this study, an aqueous two-phase micellar system (ATPMS), formed by the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114, was used to investigate the partitioning of cellulolytic enzymes produced by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus CCT 7873.
Methods
Performance of the ATPMS on the partitioning of CMCase (activity on carboxymethyl cellulose) and FPase (activity on filter paper) was investigated by varying the temperature (35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65 °C), enzyme crude extract concentration (20, 40, 60, and 80% w/w), and Triton X-114 concentration (2, 4, 6, and 8% w/w) and by adding different inorganic salts (NaCl, CaCl2, MgSO4, and MnSO4) in the system.
Results
An ATPMS formed with 8% (w/w) Triton X-114 and 40% (w/w) enzymatic crude extract at a system temperature of 55 °C was most favorable for partitioning the tested enzymes. Under these conditions, a purification factor for CMCase and FPase of 10.89 and 0.65 was reached, respectively. The addition of inorganic salts changed the distribution of enzymes. Of these, CaCl2 contributed to a higher distribution coefficient (50.0), whereas for FPase, the presence of MnSO4 in the system improved the purification factor to 3.94.
Conclusion
The highest values obtained for the yield and purification factors demonstrate that ATPMS is an interesting option for recovering and purifying cellulolytic enzymes.
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Contreras F, Pramanik S, M. Rozhkova A, N. Zorov I, Korotkova O, P. Sinitsyn A, Schwaneberg U, D. Davari M. Engineering Robust Cellulases for Tailored Lignocellulosic Degradation Cocktails. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1589. [PMID: 32111065 PMCID: PMC7084875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a most promising feedstock in the production of second-generation biofuels. Efficient degradation of lignocellulosic biomass requires a synergistic action of several cellulases and hemicellulases. Cellulases depolymerize cellulose, the main polymer of the lignocellulosic biomass, to its building blocks. The production of cellulase cocktails has been widely explored, however, there are still some main challenges that enzymes need to overcome in order to develop a sustainable production of bioethanol. The main challenges include low activity, product inhibition, and the need to perform fine-tuning of a cellulase cocktail for each type of biomass. Protein engineering and directed evolution are powerful technologies to improve enzyme properties such as increased activity, decreased product inhibition, increased thermal stability, improved performance in non-conventional media, and pH stability, which will lead to a production of more efficient cocktails. In this review, we focus on recent advances in cellulase cocktail production, its current challenges, protein engineering as an efficient strategy to engineer cellulases, and our view on future prospects in the generation of tailored cellulases for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Contreras
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Subrata Pramanik
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra M. Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan N. Zorov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Korotkova
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arkady P. Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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18
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Semenova MV, Gusakov AV, Telitsin VD, Rozhkova AM, Kondratyeva EG, Sinitsyn AP. Purification and characterization of two forms of the homologously expressed lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (PvLPMO9A) from Penicillium verruculosum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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You YH, Aktaruzzaman M, Heo I, Park JM, Hong JW, Hong SB. Talaromyces halophytorum sp. nov. Isolated from Roots of Limonium tetragonum in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 48:133-138. [PMID: 32363041 PMCID: PMC7178876 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1723389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Talaromyces halophytorum sp. nov. was isolated from the roots of halophyte Limonium tetragonum collected from Seocheon-gun, Korea in November 2015. It showed a slow growth on yeast extract sucrose agar at 25 °C, no growth at 4 °C or 37 °C and produced smooth-walled and globose to sub-globose conidia. T. halophytorum is phylogenetically distinct from the other reported Talaromyces species of section Trachyspermi based on multi-locus sequence typing results using partial fragments of β-tubulin, calmodulin, ITS, and RNA polymerase II genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyun You
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Md. Aktaruzzaman
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Inbeom Heo
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jong Myong Park
- Department of Infectious Disease Diagnosis, Incheon Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Hong
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energies, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
- CONTACT Seung-Beom Hong
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20
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Semenova MV, Rozhkova AM, Osipov DO, Satrutdinov AD, Sinitsyna OA, Rubtsova EA, Kondrateva EG, Sinitsyn AP. Selection of the Optimal Enzyme Composition for Sugar Beet Pulp Conversion. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Gao L, Xu Y, Song X, Li S, Xia C, Xu J, Qin Y, Liu G, Qu Y. Deletion of the middle region of the transcription factor ClrB in Penicillium oxalicum enables cellulase production in the presence of glucose. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18685-18697. [PMID: 31659120 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes that degrade lignocellulose to simple sugars are of great interest in research and for biotechnology because of their role in converting plant biomass to fuels and chemicals. The synthesis of cellulolytic enzymes in filamentous fungi is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level, with the transcriptional activator ClrB/CLR-2 playing a critical role in many species. In Penicillium oxalicum, clrB overexpression could not relieve the dependence of cellulase expression on cellulose as an inducer, suggesting that clrB is controlled post-transcriptionally. In this study, using a reporter gene system in yeast, we identified the C-terminal region of ClrB/CLR-2 as a transcriptional activation domain. Expression of clrBID , encoding a ClrB derivative in which the DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains are fused together to remove the middle region, led to cellulase production in the absence of cellulose in P. oxalicum Strikingly, the clrBID -expressing strain produced cellulase on carbon sources that normally repress cellulase expression, including glucose and glycerol. Results from deletion of the carbon catabolite repressor gene creA in the clrBID -expressing strain suggested that the effect of clrBID is independent of CreA's repressive function. A similar modification of clrB in Aspergillus niger resulted in the production of a mannanase in glucose medium. Taken together, these results indicate that ClrB suppression under noninducing conditions involves its middle region, suggesting a potential strategy to engineer fungal strains for improved cellulase production on commonly used carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chengqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiadi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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22
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Bashirova A, Pramanik S, Volkov P, Rozhkova A, Nemashkalov V, Zorov I, Gusakov A, Sinitsyn A, Schwaneberg U, Davari MD. Disulfide Bond Engineering of an Endoglucanase from Penicillium verruculosum to Improve Its Thermostability. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1602. [PMID: 30935060 PMCID: PMC6479618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglucanases (EGLs) are important components of multienzyme cocktails used in the production of a wide variety of fine and bulk chemicals from lignocellulosic feedstocks. However, a low thermostability and the loss of catalytic performance of EGLs at industrially required temperatures limit their commercial applications. A structure-based disulfide bond (DSB) engineering was carried out in order to improve the thermostability of EGLII from Penicillium verruculosum. Based on in silico prediction, two improved enzyme variants, S127C-A165C (DSB2) and Y171C-L201C (DSB3), were obtained. Both engineered enzymes displayed a 15⁻21% increase in specific activity against carboxymethylcellulose and β-glucan compared to the wild-type EGLII (EGLII-wt). After incubation at 70 °C for 2 h, they retained 52⁻58% of their activity, while EGLII-wt retained only 38% of its activity. At 80 °C, the enzyme-engineered forms retained 15⁻22% of their activity after 2 h, whereas EGLII-wt was completely inactivated after the same incubation time. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the introduced DSB rigidified a global structure of DSB2 and DSB3 variants, thus enhancing their thermostability. In conclusion, this work provides an insight into DSB protein engineering as a potential rational design strategy that might be applicable for improving the stability of other enzymes for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bashirova
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Subrata Pramanik
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Worringerweg 3, Germany.
| | - Pavel Volkov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Vitaly Nemashkalov
- G.K.Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142292, Moscow region, Russia.
| | - Ivan Zorov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander Gusakov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Arkady Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Worringerweg 3, Germany.
- DWI-Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, Aachen 52056, Germany.
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Worringerweg 3, Germany.
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23
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Semenova MV, Gusakov AV, Volkov PV, Matys VY, Nemashkalov VA, Telitsin VD, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyn AP. Enhancement of the enzymatic cellulose saccharification by Penicillium verruculosum multienzyme cocktails containing homologously overexpressed lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2363-2370. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Du J, Zhang X, Li X, Zhao J, Liu G, Gao B, Qu Y. The cellulose binding region in Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I has a higher capacity in improving crystalline cellulose degradation than that of Penicillium oxalicum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:19-25. [PMID: 29940438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Commercial cellulase preparations for lignocellulose bioconversion are mainly produced by the fungus Trichoderma reesei. The maximum cellulose conversion of T. reesei cellulase mixture was 15%-20% higher than that of Penicillium oxalicum in the hydrolysis of corncob residue and Avicel. Nevertheless, both preparations hydrolyzed more than 92% of cellulose in NaOH-mercerized Avicel. When added to Avicel hydrolysis residue that was less reactive to P. oxalicum cellulases, cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) from T. reesei resulted in a higher cellulose conversion than its homologous proteins from P. oxalicum and Aspergillus niger at the same protein loadings. Further domain exchange experiment attributed the high hydrolytic efficiency of T. reesei CBH I to its inter-domain linker and cellulose-binding domain. The results in part explained the superior performance of T. reesei cellulases on the degradation of native crystalline cellulose, and highlighted the important role of cellulose-binding region in determining the degree of hydrolysis by cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, PR China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, PR China
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25
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Dotsenko A, Gusakov A, Rozhkova A, Sinitsyna O, Shashkov I, Sinitsyn A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials using synthetic mixtures of purified cellulases bioengineered at N-glycosylation sites. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:396. [PMID: 30221109 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant forms of recombinant endoglucanase II (EG II, N194A), cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I, N45A) and cellobiohydrolase II (CBH II, N219A) from Penicillium verruculosum with enhanced cellulase activities, achieved by engineering of enzyme N-glycosylation sites in our previous studies, were used as components of the binary and ternary mixtures of cellulases in hydrolysis of Avicel and milled aspen wood. Using the engineered forms of the enzymes at a dosage of 10 mg/g substrate resulted in significant boosting of the glucose release from cellulose in the presence of excess β-glucosidase relative to the performance of the corresponding wild-type mixtures at the same loading. The boosting effects reached 11-40% depending on the reaction time and substrate type. In hydrolysis of both cellulosic substrates by the binary mixtures of cellulases, all the enzyme pairs exhibited synergism. The magnitude of the synergistic effects (Ks) did not depend notably upon the induced mutations in the enzymes, and they were in the range of 1.3-1.8 for the combinations of EG II with CBH I (or CBH II), and 2.3-2.9 for the CBH I-CBH II pair. The results of this study should provide a basis for the development of a more effective fungal strain capable of producing cellulase cocktails with enhanced hydrolytic performance against lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dotsenko
- 1Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071 Russia
| | - Alexander Gusakov
- 1Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071 Russia
- 2Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyovy Gory 1/11, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Aleksandra Rozhkova
- 1Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071 Russia
- 2Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyovy Gory 1/11, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Olga Sinitsyna
- 1Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071 Russia
- 2Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyovy Gory 1/11, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Igor Shashkov
- 1Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071 Russia
| | - Arkady Sinitsyn
- 1Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33/2, Moscow, 119071 Russia
- 2Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyovy Gory 1/11, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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26
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Bulakhov AG, Gusakov AV, Rozhkova AM, Volkov PV, Matys VY, Zorov IN, Sinitsyn AP. Properties of Chimeric Polysaccharide Monooxygenase with an Attached Cellulose Binding Module and Its Use in the Hydrolysis of Cellulose-Containing Materials in the Composition of Cellulase Complexes. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050418020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Rabinovich ML, Melnik MS, Herner ML, Voznyi YV, Vasilchenko LG. Predominant Nonproductive Substrate Binding by Fungal Cellobiohydrolase I and Implications for Activity Improvement. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1700712. [PMID: 29781240 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic conversion of the most abundant renewable source of organic compounds, cellulose to fermentable sugars is attractive for production of green fuels and chemicals. The major component of industrial enzyme systems, cellobiohydrolase I from Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) (HjCel7A) processively splits disaccharide units from the reducing ends of tightly packed cellulose chains. HjCel7A consists of a catalytic domain (CD) and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) separated by a linker peptide. A tunnel-shaped substrate-binding site in the CD includes nine subsites for β-d-glucose units, seven of which (-7 to -1) precede the catalytic center. Low catalytic activity of Cel7A is the bottleneck and the primary target for improvement. Here it is shown for the first time that, in spite of much lower apparent kcat of HjCel7A at the hydrolysis of β-1,4-glucosidic linkages in the fluorogenic cellotetra- and -pentaose compared to the structurally related endoglucanase I (HjCel7B), the specificity constants (catalytic efficiency) kcat /Km for both enzymes are almost equal in these reactions. The observed activity difference appears from strong nonproductive substrate binding by HjCel7A, particularly significant for MU-β-cellotetraose (MUG4 ). Interaction of substrates with the subsites -6 and -5 proximal to the nonconserved Gln101 residue in HjCel7A decreases Km,ap by >1500 times. HjCel7A can be nonproductively bound onto cellulose surface with Kd ≈2-9 nM via CBM and CD that captures six terminal glucose units of cellulose chain. Decomposition of this nonproductive complex can determine the rate of cellulose conversion. MUG4 is a promising substrate to select active cellobiohydrolase I variants with reduced nonproductive substrate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail L Rabinovich
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Maria S Melnik
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Mikhail L Herner
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Yakov V Voznyi
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Lilia G Vasilchenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
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28
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Su L, Niu YC. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of Talaromyces species isolated from cucurbit plants in China and description of two new species, T. cucurbitiradicus and T. endophyticus. Mycologia 2018; 110:375-386. [PMID: 29737936 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2018.1432221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During a survey of endophytic fungi from cucurbit plants in China, 21 Talaromyces strains were isolated from ten symptomless plants. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RNA polymerase II largest subunit gene (RPB2) showed that the strains belong to Talaromyces sections Talaromyces and Islandici. Based on morphological characters and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), calmodulin (CaM), and β-tubulin (TUB) genes, the strains were identified as four known species, T. cnidii, T. pinophilus, T. radicus, and T. wortmannii, and two new species. Two new species, T. cucurbitiradicus from pumpkin roots and T. endophyticus from cucumber stems, are described in this study. Talaromyces cucurbitiradicus is morphologically similar to T. funiculosus but differs in the number of phialides per metula and by the production of chlamydospores. Talaromyces endophyticus is morphologically similar to T. cerinus and T. chlamydosporus but differs by producing yellowish colonies and by lacking chlamydospores. Further analyses of polymorphisms in ITS and TUB sequences supported the distinctions among T. cucurbitiradicus, T. endophyticus, and similar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Su
- a Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yong-Chun Niu
- a Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
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Sorokina KN, Samoylova YV, Piligaev AV, Sivakumar U, Parmon VN. New methods for the one-pot processing of polysaccharide components (cellulose and hemicelluloses) of lignocellulose biomass into valuable products. Part 2: Biotechnological approaches to the conversion of polysaccharides and monosaccharides into the valuable industrial chemicals. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050417030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dotsenko AS, Rozhkova AM, Gusakov AV, Sinitsyn AP. Improving the efficiency of the bioconversion of plant raw materials with mutant cellulases of Penicillium verruculosum. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050417010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vakhrusheva AV, Nemashkalov VA, Kravchenko OV, Tishchenko SV, Gabdulkhakov AG, Kljashtorny VG, Korotkova OG, Gusakov AV, Sinitsyn AP. Structural investigation of endoglucanase 2 from the filamentous fungus Penicillium verruculosum. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774517020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bulakhov AG, Volkov PV, Rozhkova AM, Gusakov AV, Nemashkalov VA, Satrutdinov AD, Sinitsyn AP. Using an Inducible Promoter of a Gene Encoding Penicillium verruculosum Glucoamylase for Production of Enzyme Preparations with Enhanced Cellulase Performance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170404. [PMID: 28107425 PMCID: PMC5249098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Penicillium verruculosum is an efficient producer of highly active cellulase multienzyme system. One of the approaches for enhancing cellulase performance in hydrolysis of cellulosic substrates is to enrich the reaction system with β -glucosidase and/or accessory enzymes, such as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) displaying a synergism with cellulases. Results Genes bglI, encoding β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger (AnBGL), and eglIV, encoding LPMO (formerly endoglucanase IV) from Trichoderma reesei (TrLPMO), were cloned and expressed by P. verruculosum B1-537 strain under the control of the inducible gla1 gene promoter. Content of the heterologous AnBGL in the secreted multienzyme cocktails (hBGL1, hBGL2 and hBGL3) varied from 4 to 10% of the total protein, while the content of TrLPMO in the hLPMO sample was ~3%. The glucose yields in 48-h hydrolysis of Avicel and milled aspen wood by the hBGL1, hBGL2 and hBGL3 preparations increased by up to 99 and 80%, respectively, relative to control enzyme preparations without the heterologous AnBGL (at protein loading 5 mg/g substrate for all enzyme samples). The heterologous TrLPMO in the hLPMO preparation boosted the conversion of the lignocellulosic substrate by 10–43%; however, in hydrolysis of Avicel the hLPMO sample was less effective than the control preparations. The highest product yield in hydrolysis of aspen wood was obtained when the hBGL2 and hLPMO preparations were used at the ratio 1:1. Conclusions The enzyme preparations produced by recombinant P. verruculosum strains, expressing the heterologous AnBGL or TrLPMO under the control of the gla1 gene promoter in a starch-containing medium, proved to be more effective in hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic substrate than control enzyme preparations without the heterologous enzymes. The enzyme composition containing both AnBGL and TrLPMO demonstrated the highest performance in lignocellulose hydrolysis, providing a background for developing a fungal strain capable to express both heterologous enzymes simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Bulakhov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Volkov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra M. Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander V. Gusakov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly A. Nemashkalov
- G.K.Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Aidar D. Satrutdinov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arkady P. Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Gusakov AV, Dotsenko AS, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyn AP. N-Linked glycans are an important component of the processive machinery of cellobiohydrolases. Biochimie 2017; 132:102-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Dotsenko AS, Gusakov AV, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyna OA, Nemashkalov VA, Sinitsyn AP. Effect of
N
-linked glycosylation on the activity and other properties of recombinant endoglucanase IIa (Cel5A) from
Penicillium verruculosum. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 29:495-502. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Dotsenko AS, Rozhkova AM, Gusakov AV. Properties and N-glycosylation of recombinant endoglucanase II from Penicillium verruculosum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0027131415060024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Steffien D, Roßberg C, Kiehle R, Bremer M, Fischer S, Bertau M. Direktsynthese von Bioethylen aus Weizenstroh. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Merzlov DA, Zorov IN, Dotsenko GS, Denisenko YA, Rozhkova AM, Satrutdinov AD, Rubtsova EA, Kondratieva EG, Sinitsyn AP. Properties of enzyme preparations and homogeneous enzymes - endoglucanases EG2 Penicillium verruculosum and LAM Myceliophthora thermophila. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:473-82. [PMID: 25869365 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genes of endoglucanases EG2 (36.2 kDa) Penicillium verruculosum and LAM (30.8 kDa) Myceliophthora thermophila were cloned in P. verruculosum recombinant strain. New enzyme preparations with highly stable activity against β-glucan and laminarin were obtained and investigated, homogeneous enzymes EG2 (EC 3.2.1.4) and LAM (EC 3.2.1.6) being purified and characterized. For β-glucan, the EG2 Km value was found to be 10 times higher than that for LAM; however, EG2 demonstrated greater processivity due to its higher kcat. The pH and temperature optima of EG2 and LAM activity against barley β-glucan overlapped and were 4.3-4.9 and 61-67°C, respectively, and EG2 appeared to be more stable than LAM. Oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization 2-10 were formed by hydrolysis of β-glucan and laminarin by the studied enzymes. The recombinant enzyme preparations were faster and more effective in decreasing the reduced viscosity of wholegrain barley extract than some commercial enzyme preparations. Thus, the new enzyme preparations seem to be rather perspective as feed additives for degradation of non-starch polysaccharides in grain animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Merzlov
- Chemical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Inactivation of fungal contaminants on Korean traditional cashbox by gamma irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dotsenko AS, Gusakov AV, Volkov PV, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyn AP. N-linked glycosylation of recombinant cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) fromPenicillium verruculosumand its effect on the enzyme activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:283-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Dotsenko
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
| | - Alexander V. Gusakov
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Pavel V. Volkov
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Aleksandra M. Rozhkova
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Arkady P. Sinitsyn
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
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Five new Talaromyces species with ampulliform-like phialides and globose rough walled conidia resembling T. verruculosus. MYCOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Heterologous β-glucosidase in a fungal cellulase system: Comparison of different methods for development of multienzyme cocktails. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Bushina EV, Rubtsova EA, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyna OA, Koshelev AV, Matys VY, Nemashkalov VA, Sinitsyn AP. Developing the producers of cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes based on the fungus Penicillium verruculosum. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Analysis of enzymes of the hemicellulose complex from Geobacillus stearothermophilus 22 VKPM B-11678 isolated from Garga hot spring, Russia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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44
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Sinitsyn AP, Osipov DO, Rozhkova AM, Bushina EV, Dotsenko GS, Sinitsyna OA, Kondrat’eva EG, Zorov IN, Okunev ON, Nemashkalov VA, Matys VY, Koshelev AV. The production of highly effective enzyme complexes of cellulases and hemicellulases based on the Penicillium verruculosum strain for the hydrolysis of plant raw materials. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814080055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Rossberg C, Steffien D, Bremer M, Koenig S, Carvalheiro F, Duarte LC, Moniz P, Hoernicke M, Bertau M, Fischer S. Pulp properties resulting from different pretreatments of wheat straw and their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis rate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:206-212. [PMID: 25058295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat straw was subjected to three different processes prior to saccharification, namely alkaline pulping, natural pulping and autohydrolysis, in order to study their effect on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. Parameters like medium concentration, temperature and time have been varied in order to optimize each method. Milling the raw material to a length of 4mm beforehand showed the best cost-value-ratio compared to other grinding methods studied. Before saccharification the pulp can be stored in dried form, leading to a high yield of glucose. Furthermore the relation of pulp properties (i.e. intrinsic viscosity, Klason-lignin and hemicelluloses content, crystallinity, morphology) to cellulose hydrolysis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rossberg
- Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Str. 19, 01723 Tharandt, Germany.
| | - Doreen Steffien
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Leipziger Str. 29, 09595 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Martina Bremer
- Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Str. 19, 01723 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Swetlana Koenig
- Saxon Institute for Applied Biotechnology, Leipzig University, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florbela Carvalheiro
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P., Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís C Duarte
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P., Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Moniz
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P., Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Max Hoernicke
- Saxon Institute for Applied Biotechnology, Leipzig University, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Leipziger Str. 29, 09595 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Fischer
- Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Str. 19, 01723 Tharandt, Germany
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Volkov PV, Rozhkova AM, Gusakov AV, Sinitsyn AP. Homologous cloning, purification and characterization of highly active cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) from Penicillium canescens. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 103:1-7. [PMID: 25162433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium canescens is a filamentous fungus that normally does not secrete notable levels of cellulase activity. Cellobiohydrolase I of P. canescens (PcCel7A) was homologously cloned into a host strain RN3-11-7 (niaD-) and then expressed under the control of a strong xylA promoter. Using three steps of chromatography, PcCel7A was purified. The enzyme displayed maximum activity at pH 4.0-4.5. PcCel7A was stable at 50°C and pH 4.5 at least for 3h, while at 60°C it lost 45% of activity after 30min of incubation. When equalized by protein concentration, PcCel7A demonstrated a higher performance in prolonged hydrolysis of Avicel and milled aspen wood than CBH I (Cel7A) from Trichoderma reesei, the most industrially utilized cellulase at this moment. The high catalytic efficiency of the PcCel7A makes it a potential candidate for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Volkov
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexandra M Rozhkova
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander V Gusakov
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyovy Gory 1/11, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Arkady P Sinitsyn
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyovy Gory 1/11, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Gusakov AV. Comment on “Revealing Nature’s Cellulase Diversity: The Digestion Mechanism of
Caldicellulosiruptor bescii
CelA”. Science 2014; 344:578. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1251248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Gusakov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
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Steffien D, Aubel I, Bertau M. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated lignocellulose with Penicillium verruculosum cellulases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Ang S, E.M. S, Y. A, A.A S, M.S M. Production of cellulases and xylanase by Aspergillus fumigatus SK1 using untreated oil palm trunk through solid state fermentation. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Tishkov VI, Gusakov AV, Cherkashina AS, Sinitsyn AP. Engineering the pH-optimum of activity of the GH12 family endoglucanase by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochimie 2013; 95:1704-10. [PMID: 23774299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endo-1,4-β-glucanase from Penicillium verruculosum (PvEGIII) belongs to family 12 of glycoside hydrolases (GH12). Analysis of the enzyme 3D model structure showed that the amino acid residue Asp98 may directly affect the pH-profile of enzyme activity since it is located at the distance of hydrogen bond formation from Glu203 that plays the role of a general acid in catalysis. The gene encoding the PvEGIII was cloned into Escherichia coli. After the deletion of two introns, a plasmid construction was obtained allowing the PvEGIII expression in E. coli. Using site-directed mutagenesis, the Asp98Asn mutant of the PvEGIII was obtained. Both the wild type and mutant PvEGIIIs were expressed in E. coli with a yield of up to 1 g/L and then isolated in a highly purified form. The enzyme specific activity against soluble carboxymethylcellulose was not changed after a single amino acid substitution. However, the pH-optimum of activity of the mutant PvEGIII was shifted from pH 4.0 to 5.1, compared to the wild type enzyme. The shift in the enzyme pH-optimum to more neutral pH was also observed on insoluble cellulose, in the process of enzymatic depigmentation of denim fabric. Similar situation featuring the effect of the Asp/Asn residue, located near the Glu catalytic residue, on the enzyme activity pH-profile has previously been described for xylanases of the GH11 family. Thus, the glycoside hydrolases belonging to the GH11 and GH12 families function by a rather similar mechanism of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Tishkov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/11, Moscow 119991, Russia
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