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Homer KA, Cross MR, Jukic I. The concurrent validity of a portable ultrasound probe for muscle thickness measurements. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024. [PMID: 39237476 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is extensively used by both practitioners and researchers in assessing muscle thickness (MT); however, its use in the field is constrained by the transportability of stationary devices. New portable ultrasound probes pose as a cost-effective and transportable alternative for field-based assessments. This study evaluated the concurrent validity of a portable probe (Lumify) against a laboratory-based device (Vivid S5) in measuring MT. Eighteen participants (nine males and nine females) visited the laboratory and their MT measurements were collected using each device at five different sites (anterior and posterior arm, anterior and posterior thigh, and posterior lower leg). Bland-Altman plots (systematic and proportional bias, random error, and 95% limits of agreement), Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (r), and paired samples t-tests with Cohen's d effect sizes (ES) were used to assess the concurrent validity of the Lumify device. Systematic bias was low at all sites ( ≤ 0.11 cm) while proportional bias was detected only at the posterior lower leg (r2 = 0.217 [r = 0.466]). The difference in MT between devices was significant only at the anterior thigh (p < 0.05); however, ES for all sites were considered trivial (ES ≤ 0.131). Linear associations were found between the devices at each site of measurement (r ≥ 0.95). These results highlight that the Lumify probe can be used interchangeably with the Vivid S5 for MT measurements, providing practitioners and researchers with a more cost-effective and portable alternative for field-based assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai A Homer
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matt R Cross
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ivan Jukic
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Health, Sport and Wellbeing, Faculty of Social and Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
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2
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Rodriguez C, Mota JD, Palmer TB, Heymsfield SB, Tinsley GM. Skeletal muscle estimation: A review of techniques and their applications. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:261-284. [PMID: 38426639 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying skeletal muscle size is necessary to identify those at risk for conditions that increase frailty, morbidity, and mortality, as well as decrease quality of life. Although muscle strength, muscle quality, and physical performance have been suggested as important assessments in the screening, prevention, and management of sarcopenic and cachexic individuals, skeletal muscle size is still a critical objective marker. Several techniques exist for estimating skeletal muscle size; however, each technique presents with unique characteristics regarding simplicity/complexity, cost, radiation dose, accessibility, and portability that are important factors for assessors to consider before applying these modalities in practice. This narrative review presents a discussion centred on the theory and applications of current non-invasive techniques for estimating skeletal muscle size in diverse populations. Common instruments for skeletal muscle assessment include imaging techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and Brightness-mode ultrasound, and non-imaging techniques like bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometry. Skeletal muscle size can be acquired from these methods using whole-body and/or regional assessments, as well as prediction equations. Notable concerns when conducting assessments include the absence of standardised image acquisition/processing protocols and the variation in cut-off thresholds used to define low skeletal muscle size by clinicians and researchers, which could affect the accuracy and prevalence of diagnoses. Given the importance of evaluating skeletal muscle size, it is imperative practitioners are informed of each technique and their respective strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rodriguez
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob D Mota
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Ty B Palmer
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Metabolism and Body Composition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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3
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Zhang M, Zhao L, Wang X, Lo WLA, Wen J, Li L, Huang Q. Automatic extraction and measurement of ultrasonic muscle morphological parameters based on multi-stage fusion and segmentation. ULTRASONICS 2024; 137:107187. [PMID: 37883820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating skeletal muscle force output and structure requires measurement of morphological parameters including muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length. The identification of aponeurosis and muscle fascicles from medical images is required to measure these parameters accurately. METHODS This paper introduces a multi-stage fusion and segmentation model (named MSF-Net), to precisely extract muscle aponeurosis and fascicles from ultrasound images. The segmentation process is divided into three stages of feature fusion modules. A prior feature fusion module (PFFM) is designed in the first stage to fuse prior features, thus enabling the network to focus on the region of interest and eliminate image noise. The second stage involves the addition of multi-scale feature fusion module (MS-FFM) for effective fusion of elemental information gathered from different scales. This process enables the precise extraction of muscle fascicles of varied sizes. Finally, the high-low-level feature fusion attention module (H-LFFAM) is created in the third stage to selectively reinforce features containing useful information. RESULTS Our proposed MSF-Net outperforms other methods and achieves the highest evaluation metrics. In addition, MSF-Net can obtain similar results to manual measurements by clinical experts. The mean deviation of muscle thickness and fascicle length was 0.18 mm and 1.71 mm, and the mean deviation of pennation angle was 0.31°. CONCLUSIONS MSF-Net can accurately extract muscle morphological parameters, which enables medical experts to evaluate muscle morphology and function, and guide rehabilitation training. Therefore, MSF-Net provides a complementary imaging tool for clinical assessment of muscle structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangrun Zhao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wai Leung Ambrose Lo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Xi 'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Li
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qinghua Huang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
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Umbrello M, Brogi E, Formenti P, Corradi F, Forfori F. Ultrasonographic Features of Muscular Weakness and Muscle Wasting in Critically Ill Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 13:26. [PMID: 38202033 PMCID: PMC10780243 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting begins as soon as in the first week of one's ICU stay and patients with multi-organ failure lose more muscle mass and suffer worse functional impairment as a consequence. Muscle wasting and weakness are mainly characterized by a generalized, bilateral lower limb weakness. However, the impairment of the respiratory and/or oropharyngeal muscles can also be observed with important consequences for one's ability to swallow and cough. Muscle wasting represents the result of the disequilibrium between breakdown and synthesis, with increased protein degradation relative to protein synthesis. It is worth noting that the resulting functional disability can last up to 5 years after discharge, and it has been estimated that up to 50% of patients are not able to return to work during the first year after ICU discharge. In recent years, ultrasound has played an increasing role in the evaluation of muscle. Indeed, ultrasound allows an objective evaluation of the cross-sectional area, the thickness of the muscle, and the echogenicity of the muscle. Furthermore, ultrasound can also estimate the thickening fraction of muscle. The objective of this review is to analyze the current understanding of the pathophysiology of acute skeletal muscle wasting and to describe the ultrasonographic features of normal muscle and muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Umbrello
- Department Intensive Care and Anesthesia, ASST Ovest Milanese, Ospedale Nuovo di Legnano, 20025 Legnano, Italy
| | - Etrusca Brogi
- Department Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Formenti
- Departement of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Nord Milano, Ospedale E Bassini, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Francesco Corradi
- Department Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Forfori
- Department Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Harput G, Demirci S, Nyland J, Soylu AR, Tunay VB. Sports activity level after ACL reconstruction is predicted by vastus medialis or vastus medialis obliquus thickness, single leg triple hop distance or 6-m timed hop, and quality of life score. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2023; 33:3483-3493. [PMID: 37198499 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-023-03571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may take > 2 years, and younger athletes have higher re-injury risk. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to determine how the early to mid-term Tegner Activity Level Scale (TALS) scores of athletically active males ≥ 2 years post-ACLR follow-up was predicted by bilateral isokinetic knee extensor and flexor torque, quadriceps femoris thickness, single leg hop test performance, and self-reported knee function (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS); International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Assessment score). METHODS After ACLR with a hamstring tendon autograft and safely returning to sports at least twice weekly, 23 men (18.4 ± 3.5 years of age) were evaluated at final follow-up (mean = 4.5, range = 2-7 years). Exploratory forward stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the relationship between independent surgical and non-surgical lower limb variables peak concentric isokinetic knee extensor-flexor torque at 60°/sec and 180°/sec, quadriceps femoris muscle thickness, single leg hop test profile results, KOOS subscale scores, IKDC Subjective Assessment scores, and time post-ACLR on TALS scores at final follow-up. RESULTS Subject TALS scores were predicted by KOOS quality of life subscale score, surgical limb vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) thickness, and surgical limb single leg triple hop for distance (SLTHD) performance. Subject TALS scores were also predicted by KOOS quality of life subscale score, non-surgical limb vastus medialis (VM) thickness, and non-surgical limb 6 m single leg timed hop (6MSLTH) performance. CONCLUSION TALS scores were influenced differently by surgical and non-surgical lower extremity factors. At ≥ 2 years post-ACLR, ultrasound VM and VMO thickness measurements, single leg hop tests that challenge knee extensor function, and self-reported quality of life measurements predicted sports activity levels. The SLTHD test may be better than the 6MSLTH for predicting long-term surgical limb function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcan Harput
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Demirci
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - John Nyland
- Kosair Charities College of Health and Natural Sciences, Athletic Training Program, Norton Orthopedic Institute, Spalding University, 901 South 4Th Street, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Abdullah Ruhi Soylu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Volga Bayrakci Tunay
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Harput G, Demirci S, Soylu AR, Bayrakci Tunay V. Association between quadriceps muscle thickness and knee function in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed athletes: a cross-sectional study. Physiother Theory Pract 2023; 39:2171-2179. [PMID: 35442153 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2068096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness and quadriceps isokinetic strength, single-leg hop performance, and self-reported knee function in male athletes who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS Forty-two male athletes [mean ± standard deviation, age: 21.4 ± 3.4 years], who had undergone ACLR and had cleared to return to activity, were included in this study. Real-time ultrasound images of VMO, RF, and VL thicknesses were obtained from both reconstructed and contralateral limbs. Concentric quadriceps peak torque at 60°/s and 180°/s, single-leg hop for Distance (SLHD), and self-reported knee function scores were also assessed. Linear regression analysis and student t tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In reconstructed limb, greater VMO, RF, and VL thicknesses were associated with greater quadriceps peak torque at 60°/s (p = .008, r2 = 0.46) and at 180°/s (p = .006, r2 = 0.47). Greater quadriceps thickness was related to greater SLHD score in reconstructed limb (p = .002, r2 = 0.21). Self-reported knee function scores were not related to quadriceps thickness. VMO, RF, and VL thicknesses were smaller in reconstructed limb compared to contralateral limb (p < .001, p = .01, and p = .002, respectively). CONCLUSION Quadriceps thickness by using ultrasound was associated with concentric quadriceps strength and single-leg hop distance in individuals who had undergone ACLR. However, quadriceps thickness was not related to self-reported knee function. The ultrasonography may be included in the evaluation of the knee function after ACLR, and it may be a useful and easy method in the follow-up of the quadriceps strength recovery following ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcan Harput
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Demirci
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Balıkesir University, Bigadic, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ruhi Soylu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Volga Bayrakci Tunay
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kim H, Lee HC, Chung JH, Jung SP, Yoon ES. Ultrasonographic assessment of rectus abdominis muscle adaptation after deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap surgery: Single institution retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34721. [PMID: 37657015 PMCID: PMC10476729 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap on abdominal wall integrity has been the topic of an ongoing debate with previous studies having reported conflicting results using various imaging modalities. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, cost-effective, and readily available method for evaluating the changes to the rectus muscle after DIEP flap surgery. In the present study, we aimed to compare rectus abdominis muscle thickness between the operated and non-operated sides using ultrasound imaging. The muscle thickness was measured at the cross point of the midclavicular line and the level of the umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine using real-time B-mode ultrasonography. The muscle anteroposterior diameters of the pedicle-dissected side and the control side were compared using paired t test. In total 31 patients with a mean follow-up of 70.18 weeks were included. The mean diameters at the level of the umbilicus of the operated and non-operated sides were 8.16 ± 1.83 and 8.14 ± 1.43 mm, respectively (P = .94). The mean thicknesses at the anterior superior iliac spine level were 7.74 ± 1.85 on the flap harvested side and 8.04 ± 1.84 mm on the control side (P = .35). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Ultrasonography can be a reliable, inexpensive, and easily usable modality for evaluating donor site complication following DIEP flap. DIEP flap seems to have minimal impact on the abdominal donor site, and it may be safe and versatile to reconstruct the breast after mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneul Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Jung
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eul-Sik Yoon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Simó-Servat A, Guevara E, Perea V, Alonso N, Quirós C, Puig-Jové C, Barahona MJ. Role of Muscle Ultrasound for the Study of Frailty in Elderly Patients with Diabetes: A Pilot Study. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:884. [PMID: 37372168 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and diabetes contribute to the development of frailty. Therefore, accessible methods, such as muscle ultrasounds (MUSs), to screen for sarcopenia should be implemented in clinical practice. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study including 47 patients with diabetes (mean age: 77.72 ± 5.08 years, mean weight: 75.8 kg ± 15.89 kg, and body mass index: 31.19 ± 6.65 kg/m2) categorized as frail by the FRAIL Scale or Clinical Frailty Scale and confirmed by Fried's Frailty Phenotype or Rockwood's 36-item Frailty Index. We used the SARC-F questionnaire to identify sarcopenia. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests were used to assess physical performance and the risk of falls, respectively. In addition, other variables were measured: fat-free mass (FFM) and Sarcopenia Risk Index (SRI) with the bioimpedance analysis (BIA); thigh muscle thickness (TMT) of the quadriceps with MUS; and hand-grip strength with dynamometry. RESULTS We observed correlations between the SARC-F and FFM (R = -0.4; p < 0.002) and hand-grip strength (R = -0.5; p < 0.0002), as well as between the TMT and FFM of the right leg (R = 0.4; p < 0.02) and the SRI (R = 0.6; p < 0.0001). We could predict sarcopenia using a logistic regression model with a ROC curve (AUC = 0.78) including FFM, handgrip strength, and TMT. The optimal cut-off point for maximum efficiency was 1.58 cm for TMT (sensitivity = 71.4% and specificity = 51.5%). However, we did not observe differences in the TMT among groups of greater/less frailty based on the SARC-F, SPPB, and TUG (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MUSs, which correlated with the BIA (R = 0.4; p < 0.02), complemented the diagnosis, identifying regional sarcopenia of the quadriceps in frail patients with diabetes and improving the ROC curve to AUC = 0.78. In addition, a TMT cut-off point for the diagnosis of sarcopenia of 1.58 cm was obtained. Larger studies to validate the MUS technique as a screening strategy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Simó-Servat
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernesto Guevara
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Verónica Perea
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Carmen Quirós
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Carlos Puig-Jové
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - María-José Barahona
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
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Skeletal Muscle Measurements in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology: Essential Components to a Comprehensive Assessment. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010114. [PMID: 36670664 PMCID: PMC9856749 DOI: 10.3390/children10010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Children with hematologic and oncologic health conditions are at risk of impaired skeletal muscle strength, size, and neuromuscular activation that may limit gross motor performance. A comprehensive assessment of neuromuscular function of these children is essential to identify the trajectory of changes in skeletal muscle and to prescribe therapeutic exercise and monitor its impact. Therefore, this review aims to (a) define fundamental properties of skeletal muscle; (b) highlight methods to quantify muscle strength, size, and neuromuscular activation; (c) describe mechanisms that contribute to muscle strength and gross motor performance in children; (d) recommend clinical assessment measures; and (e) illustrate comprehensive muscle assessment in children using examples of sickle cell disease and musculoskeletal sarcoma.
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10
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Taniguchi M, Fukumoto Y, Yagi M, Motomura Y, Okada S, Okada S, Kobayashi M, Ichihashi N. Enhanced echo intensity in vastus medialis is associated with worsening of functional disabilities and symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a 3 years longitudinal study. Rheumatol Int 2022; 43:953-960. [PMID: 36394599 PMCID: PMC9672570 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) experience muscle quality loss, and is characterized by the enhanced echo intensity (EI) of the vastus medialis (VM) muscles and a high extracellular water-to-intracellular water (ECW/ICW) ratio of the thigh. This study aimed to elucidate the association between muscle degeneration and the worsening of functional disabilities and symptoms in patients with KOA over 3 years duration. Thirty-three patients with KOA who completed follow-up over 3 years were included in the analysis. The knee scoring system (KSS) was used to evaluate the functional abilities and symptoms. Based on the 3 years change in KSS scores, patients were classified into progressive or non-progressive groups. Muscle thickness (MT) and EI of the VM were determined using ultrasonography. The ECW/ICW ratio was measured using segmental-bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted with the groups as the dependent variables and VM-MT, VM-EI, and ECW/ICW ratio at baseline as independent variables, including potential confounders. Thirteen (39.4%) patients showed progressive features. VM-EI at baseline was significantly associated with the progression of functional disabilities (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03 − 1.50) and symptoms (adjusted OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.01 − 1.25). Enhanced VM-EI was associated with the worsening of functional disabilities and symptoms in patients with KOA over a period of 3 years. Therefore, the assessment of VM-EI using ultrasonography is a useful indicator for predicting the future worsening of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, 53-Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, 53-Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masahide Yagi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, 53-Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Motomura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, 53-Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobayashi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Okada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, 53-Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Shogo Okada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, 53-Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, 53-Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
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11
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Högelin ER, Thulin K, von Walden F, Fornander L, Michno P, Alkner B. Reliability and Validity of an Ultrasound-Based Protocol for Measurement of Quadriceps Muscle Thickness in Children. Front Physiol 2022; 13:830216. [PMID: 35832479 PMCID: PMC9272772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.830216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and aims: Accurate determination of skeletal muscle size is of great importance in multiple settings including resistance exercise, aging, disease, and disuse. Ultrasound (US) measurement of muscle thickness (MT) is a method of relatively high availability and low cost. The present study aims to evaluate a multisite ultrasonographic protocol for measurement of MT with respect to reproducibility and correlation to gold-standard measurements of muscle volume (MV) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children. Material and methods: 15 children completed the study (11 ± 1 year, 41 ± 8 kg, 137 ± 35 cm). Following 20 min supine rest, two investigators performed US MT measurements of all four heads of the m. quadriceps femoris, at pre-determined sites. Subsequently, MRI scanning was performed and MV was estimated by manual contouring of individual muscle heads. Results: Ultrasound measurement of MT had an intra-rater reliability of ICC = 0.985–0.998 (CI 95% = 0.972–0.998) and inter-rater reliability of ICC = 0.868–0.964 (CI 95% = 0.637–0.983). The US examinations took less than 15 min, per investigator. Muscle thickness of all individual quadriceps muscles correlated significantly with their corresponding MV as measured by MRI (overall r = 0.789, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that US measurement of MT using a multisite protocol is a competitive alternative to MRI scanning, especially with respect to availability and time consumption. Therefore, US MT could allow for wider clinical and scientific implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Rydell Högelin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Futurum - Academy for Health and Care, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Thulin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eksjö, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta Fornander
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Piotr Michno
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Alkner
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eksjö, Jönköping, Sweden
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12
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Simó-Servat A, Ibarra M, Libran M, Rodríguez S, Perea V, Quirós C, Orois A, Pérez N, Simó R, Barahona MJ. Usefulness of Muscle Ultrasound to Study Sarcopenic Obesity: A Pilot Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102886. [PMID: 35629009 PMCID: PMC9143348 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is an emerging problem, especially in candidates for bariatric surgery (BS). We hypothesized that musculoskeletal ultrasound (MUS), a simple and accessible method, could be a reliable index of SO. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study including 122 subjects (90 cases and 32 controls, 73% female, mean age: 51.2 years) who underwent BS was conducted at University Hospital Mútua Terrassa. The lean mass (LM) was calculated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the thigh muscle thickness (TMT) by MUS. To identify the subjects with SO by BIA, we used skeletal muscle index (SMI). The validity of MUS was determined using the ROC curve. Results: The mean BMI in the obesity group was 44.22 kg/m2. We observed a correlation between the LM and SMI assessed by BIA and the TMT assessed by MUS (R = 0.46, p < 0.001). This correlation was maintained at significant levels in the SO group (n = 40): R = 0.79; p = 0.003). The TMT assessed by MUS was able to predict SMI using BIA (AUC 0.77; 95% CI: 0.68242 to 0.84281). The optimal cut-off point for maximum efficiency was 1.57 cm in TMT (sensitivity = 75.6% and specificity = 71.1%). Conclusions: The TMT of the quadriceps assessed by US is a useful tool for identifying subjects with SO. Larger studies to validate this simple low-cost screening strategy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Simó-Servat
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.I.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (V.P.); (C.Q.); (A.O.)
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.S.-S.); (M.-J.B.)
| | - Montse Ibarra
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.I.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (V.P.); (C.Q.); (A.O.)
| | - Mireia Libran
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.I.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (V.P.); (C.Q.); (A.O.)
| | - Silvia Rodríguez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.I.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (V.P.); (C.Q.); (A.O.)
| | - Verónica Perea
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.I.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (V.P.); (C.Q.); (A.O.)
| | - Carmen Quirós
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.I.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (V.P.); (C.Q.); (A.O.)
| | - Aida Orois
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.I.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (V.P.); (C.Q.); (A.O.)
| | - Noelia Pérez
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain;
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Maria-José Barahona
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.I.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (V.P.); (C.Q.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.-S.); (M.-J.B.)
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13
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Taniguchi M, Yamada Y, Yagi M, Nakai R, Tateuchi H, Ichihashi N. Estimating thigh skeletal muscle volume using multi-frequency segmental-bioelectrical impedance analysis. J Physiol Anthropol 2021; 40:13. [PMID: 34593041 PMCID: PMC8485471 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether using the extracellular water/intracellular water (ECW/ICW) index and phase angle combined with segmental-bioimpedance analysis (BIA) improved the model fitting of skeletal muscle volume (SMV) estimation. The secondary aim was to compare the accuracy of segmental-BIA with that of ultrasound for estimating the quadriceps SMV measured with MRI. Methods Seventeen young men (mean age, 23.8 ± 3.3 years) participated in the study. The T-1 weighted images of thigh muscles were obtained using a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Thigh and quadriceps SMVs were calculated as the sum of the products of anatomical cross-sectional area and slice thickness of 6 mm across all slices. Segmental-BIA was applied to the thigh region, and data on the 50-kHz bioelectrical impedance (BI) index, ICW index, ECW/ICW index, and phase angle were obtained. The muscle thickness index was calculated as the product of the mid-thigh muscle thickness, determined using ultrasound, and thigh length. The standard error of estimate (SEE) of the regression equation was calculated to determine the model fitting of SMV estimation and converted to %SEE by dividing the SEE values by the mean SMV. Results Multiple regression analysis indicated that the combination of 50-kHz BI and the ECW/ICW index or phase angle was a significant predictor when estimating thigh SMV (SEE = 7.9 and 8.1%, respectively), but were lower than the simple linear regression (SEE = 9.4%). The ICW index alone improved the model fitting for the estimation equation (SEE = 7.6%). The model fitting of the quadriceps SMV with the 50-kHz BI or ICW index was similar to that with the skeletal muscle thickness index measured using ultrasound (SEE = 10.8, 9.6 and 9.7%, respectively). Conclusions Combining the traditionally used 50-kHz BI index with the ECW/ICW index and phase angle can improve the model fitting of estimated SMV measured with MRI. We also showed that the model suitability of SMV estimation using segmental-BIA was equivalent to that on using ultrasound. These data indicate that segmental-BIA may be a useful and cost-effective alternative to the gold standard MRI for estimating SMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Taniguchi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Masahide Yagi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakai
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, 53, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Tateuchi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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14
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Abdalla LHP, Broxterman RM, Barstow TJ, Greco CC, Denadai BS. W' reconstitution rate at different intensities above critical torque: the role of muscle size and maximal strength. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1909-1921. [PMID: 34288192 DOI: 10.1113/ep089638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do muscle size, maximal force and exercise intensity influence the recovery time constant for the finite impulse above critical torque (τIET' )? What is the main finding and its importance? Muscle size and maximal strength have different influences on the parameters of the hyperbolic torque-time to task failure relationship. Greater muscle size and maximal strength, as well as exercise at an intensity of 60% MVC, prolong τIET' during intermittent isometric exercise. ABSTRACT Muscle perfusion and O2 delivery limitations through muscle force generation appear to play a major role in defining the hyperbolic torque-time to task failure (Tlim ) relationship. Therefore, we aimed to determine the influence of muscle size and maximal strength on the recovery time constant for the finite impulse above critical torque (τIET' ). Ten men participated in the study and performed intermittent isometric tests until task-failure (Tlim ) for the knee-extensors (KE) (35% and 60% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)) and plantar flexors (PF) (60% MVC). The τIET' was determined for each of these Tlim tests using the IET'BAL model. The IET' (9738 ± 3080 vs. 2959 ± 1289 N m s) and end-test torque (ET)(84.5 ± 7.1 vs. 74.3 ± 12.7 N m) were significantly lower for PF compared to KE (P < 0.05). Exercise tolerance (Tlim ) was significantly longer for PF (239 ± 81 s) than KE (150 ± 55 s) at 60% MVC, and significantly longer for KE at 35% MVC (641 ± 158 s) than 60% MVC. The τIET' was significantly faster at 35% MVC (641 ± 177 s) than 60% MVC (1840 ± 354 s) for KE, both of which were significantly slower than PF at 60% MVC (317 ± 102 s). This study showed that τIET' during intermittent isometric exercise is slower with greater muscle size and maximal strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Michael Broxterman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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15
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Liegnell R, Wessman F, Shalabi A, Harringe M. Validity of ultrasonography-derived predictions for estimating skeletal muscle volume: a systematic literature review. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 34229618 PMCID: PMC8258927 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amount of muscle volume (MV) varies between individuals and is important for health, well-being and performance. Therefore, the monitoring of MV using different imaging modalities is important. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard, but is not always easily accessible, and the examinations are expensive. Ultrasonography (US) is a much less expensive imaging method widely used to measure changes in muscle thickness (MT). Whether MT may translate into MV needs further investigation. Purpose The aim of this review is to clarify whether US-derived equations based on MT predict MV based on MRI. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement, searching the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science, for currently published equations to estimate MV with US. Results The literature search resulted in 363 citations. Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria. Ten articles scored eight out of eleven on QUADAS and two scored nine. Thirty-six prediction equations were identified. R values ranged between 0.53 and 0.961 and the standard error of the estimate (SEE) ranged between 6 and 12% for healthy adult populations, and up to 25.6% for children with cerebral palsy. Eight studies evaluated the results with a Bland–Altman plot and found no systematic errors. The overall strength and quality of the evidence was rated “low quality” as defined by the GRADE system. Conclusions The validity of US-derived equations based on MT is specific to the populations from which it is developed. The agreement with MV based on MRI is moderate with the SEE ranging between 6 and 12% in healthy adult populations. Suggestions for future research include investigations as to whether testing positions or increasing the number of measuring sites could improve the validity for prediction equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Liegnell
- Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Wessman
- Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adel Shalabi
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marita Harringe
- Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Pedrosa GF, Lima FV, Schoenfeld BJ, Lacerda LT, Simões MG, Pereira MR, Diniz RCR, Chagas MH. Partial range of motion training elicits favorable improvements in muscular adaptations when carried out at long muscle lengths. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1250-1260. [PMID: 33977835 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1927199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study compared changes in strength and regional muscle hypertrophy between different ranges of motion (ROM) in the knee extension exercise. Forty-five untrained women were randomized to either a control group or to perform the exercise in one of the following 4 groups (0°=extended knee): Full ROM (FULLROM: 100°-30° of knee flexion); Initial Partial ROM (INITIALROM: 100°-65°); Final Partial ROM (FINALROM: 65°-30°); Varied ROM (VARROM: daily alternation between the ROM of INITIALROM and FINALROM). Pre- and post-training assessments included one repetition maximum (1RM) testing in the ROM corresponding to the initial, final and full ROM, and measurement of cross-sectional areas of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles at 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of femur length in regard to regional muscle hypertrophy. Results showed that the INITIALROM group presented a greater relative increase than all groups at 70%, and at 50% and 60% the increases were greater than FINALROM, FULLROM, and non-training control (CON) groups. Moreover, FINALROM group presented similar changes compared to the CON group at 60% and 70%. In regard to 1RM, FINALROM and INITIALROM groups presented greater relative increases at the ROM trained, and no group showed greater increases than VARROM or INITIALROM, regardless the ROM tested. In conclusion, partial ROM training in the initial phase of the knee extension exercise promoted greater relative hypertrophy in certain muscle regions than training in other ROM configurations, and no group promoted a greater 1RM increase than VARROM group, which showed similar 1RM increases in the different ROMs tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Pedrosa
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Brazilian Air Force, Aeronautical Instruction and Adaptation Center, Lagoa Santa, Brazil
| | - Fernando V Lima
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas T Lacerda
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education and Sports, Technological Education Federal Center of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,State University of Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Marina G Simões
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariano R Pereira
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C R Diniz
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro H Chagas
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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17
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Rostron ZP, Green RA, Kingsley M, Zacharias A. Associations Between Measures of Physical Activity and Muscle Size and Strength: A Systematic Review. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2021; 3:100124. [PMID: 34179760 PMCID: PMC8211997 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2021.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether physical activity is associated with lower limb muscle size and strength within the general population. Data Sources Six databases were systematically searched from inception using 3 main constructs: lower extremity, muscle volume, and muscle strength. Study Selection Studies that measured physical activity (using either objective or subjective measurements), lower limb muscle size, and strength were included. Available discrete group data were standardized using previously published age- and sex-specific normative values prior to analysis. Data Extraction The final analysis included 47 studies from an initial yield of 5402 studies. Standardized scores for outcome measures were calculated for 97 discrete groups. Data Synthesis As anticipated, lower limb muscle size was positively correlated with lower limb muscle strength (r=0.26, P<.01; n=4812). Objectively measured physical activity (ie, accelerometry, pedometry) (n=1944) was positively correlated with both lower limb muscle size (r=0.30, P<.01; n=1626) and lower limb strength (r=0.24, P<.01; n=1869). However, subjectively measured physical activity (ie, questionnaires) (n=3949) was negatively associated with lower limb muscle size (r=–0.59, P<.01; n=3243) and lower limb muscle strength (r=–0.48, P<. 01; n=3882). Conclusions This review identified that objective measures of physical activity are moderately associated with lower limb muscle size and muscle strength and can, therefore, be used to predict muscle changes within the lower limbs associated with exercise-based rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Rostron
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author Zachary P. Rostron, MExPhys, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, PO Box 199, Edwards Rd, Flora Hill, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia.
| | - Rodney A. Green
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Kingsley
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Holsworth Research Initiative, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Marusic U, Narici M, Simunic B, Pisot R, Ritzmann R. Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:194-206. [PMID: 33703945 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00363.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy and decline in muscle strength appear very rapidly with prolonged disuse or mechanical unloading after acute hospitalization or experimental bed rest. The current study analyzed data from short-, medium-, and long-term bed rest (5-120 days) in a pooled sample of 318 healthy adults and modeled the mathematical relationship between muscle strength decline and atrophy. The results show a logarithmic disuse-induced loss of strength and muscle atrophy of the weight-bearing knee extensor muscles. The greatest rate of muscle strength decline and atrophy occurred in the earliest stages of bed rest, plateauing later, and likely contributed to the rapid neuromuscular loss of function in the early period. In addition, during the first 2 wk of bed rest, muscle strength decline is much faster than muscle atrophy: on day 5, the ratio of muscle atrophy to strength decline as a function of bed rest duration is 4.2, falls to 2.4 on day 14, and stabilizes to a value of 1.9 after ∼35 days of bed rest. Positive regression revealed that ∼79% of the muscle strength loss may be explained by muscle atrophy, while the remaining is most likely due to alterations in single fiber mechanical properties, excitation-contraction coupling, fiber architecture, tendon stiffness, muscle denervation, neuromuscular junction damage, and supraspinal changes. Future studies should focus on neural factors as well as muscular factors independent of atrophy (single fiber excitability and mechanical properties, architectural factors) and on the role of extracellular matrix changes. Bed rest results in nonuniform loss of isometric muscle strength and atrophy over time, where the magnitude of change was greater for muscle strength than for atrophy. Future research should focus on the loss of muscle function and the underlying mechanisms, which will aid in the development of countermeasures to mitigate or prevent the decline in neuromuscular efficiency.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study contributes to the characterization of muscle loss and weakness processes reflected by a logarithmic decline in muscle strength induced by chronic bed rest. Acute short-term hospitalization (≤5 days) associated with periods of disuse/immobilization/prolonged time in the supine position in the hospital bed is sufficient to significantly decrease muscle mass and size and induce functional changes related to weakness in maximal muscle strength. By bringing together integrated evaluation of muscle structure and function, this work identifies that 79% of the loss in muscle strength can be explained by muscle atrophy, leaving 21% of the functional loss unexplained. The outcomes of this study should be considered in the development of daily countermeasures for preserving neuromuscular integrity as well as preconditioning interventions to be implemented before clinical bed rest or chronic gravitational unloading (e.g., spaceflights).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Marusic
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia.,Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea-European Center of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marco Narici
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Bostjan Simunic
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pisot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
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19
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Rock K, Nelson C, Addison O, Marchese V. Assessing the Reliability of Handheld Dynamometry and Ultrasonography to Measure Quadriceps Strength and Muscle Thickness in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2021; 41:540-554. [PMID: 33563044 PMCID: PMC9295900 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2021.1881200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Muscle strength testing is a core aspect in the pediatric physical and occupational therapy clinical examination and evaluation, and quadriceps muscle strength is associated with the ability to perform gross motor skills. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of handheld dyamometry (HHD) and ultrasonography to measure quadriceps muscle strength and thickness in children, adolescents, and young adults. Methods: In 30 participants (6-26 years), without motor impairment, quadriceps strength was measured with HHD in seated and supine with the knee flexed to 90° and 35°. Rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness was measured using ultrasonography. Typical error of measurement (TEM), coefficient of variation (CV%), and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess the error and reliability of measures. Results: The average CV% among three trials of strength testing was 7.07%-9.94% and improved when using the top two trials (4.49%-5.61%). The average TEM was 2.21 Nm for strength and 0.03 cm for muscle thickness. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of muscle thickness was good to excellent (0.91-1.00).Conclusions: The results of this study suggest quadriceps muscle strength and thickness measurements using HHD and ultrasonography are reliable in children, adolescents, and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rock
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christa Nelson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Odessa Addison
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Marchese
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Early vs. late rate of torque development: Relation with maximal strength and influencing factors. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2020; 55:102486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Nakamura M, Kiyono R, Sato S, Yahata K, Morishita S. One-repetition maximum can be estimated with a handheld dynamometer and circumference in community-dwelling older adults. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:669-673. [PMID: 33132528 PMCID: PMC7590855 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] One-repetition maximum is an essential statistic for physical therapists and coaches in rehabilitation and athletic settings. In a previous study, we showed that one-repetition maximum of the knee extensor could be predicted more accurately with the combination of maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength, as measured by a handheld dynamometer, muscle thickness, and thigh circumference, in young adults. However, there has been no study in older adults investigating the relationship between one-repetition maximum and maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength, or muscle thickness, and thigh circumference. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between one-repetition maximum and maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength, or muscle thickness, and thigh circumference in older adults. [Participants and Methods] Twenty-eight older community-dwelling adults (18 males and 10 females) participated in this study. Muscle strength of the knee extensor was measured using one-repetition maximum and maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength. In addition, muscle thicknesses of the refutes femoris and the vastus intermedius, and thigh circumference were measured using ultrasonography and measuring tape, respectively. [Results] Stepwise regression analysis revealed that body mass, gender, thigh circumference at 15 cm above the patella, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength were significant and independent determinants (R2=0.868). [Conclusion] One-repetition maximum could be predicted more accurately using a combination of maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength, as measured with a handheld dynamometer, and thigh circumference in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakamura
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare: 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kiyono
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare: 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare: 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yahata
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare: 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare: 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
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Pentidis N, Mersmann F, Bohm S, Giannakou E, Aggelousis N, Arampatzis A. Effects of long-term athletic training on muscle morphology and tendon stiffness in preadolescence: association with jump performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2715-2727. [PMID: 32930859 PMCID: PMC7674345 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Evidence on training-induced muscle hypertrophy during preadolescence is limited and inconsistent. Possible associations of muscle strength and tendon stiffness with jumping performance are also not investigated. We investigated the thickness and pennation angle of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle (GM), as indicators for potential muscle hypertrophy in preadolescent athletes. Further, we examined the association of triceps surae muscle–tendon properties with jumping performance. Methods Eleven untrained children (9 years) and 21 similar-aged artistic gymnastic athletes participated in the study. Muscle thickness and pennation angle of the GM were measured at rest and muscle strength of the plantar flexors and Achilles tendon stiffness during maximum isometric contractions. Jumping height in squat (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) was examined using a force plate. We evaluated the influence of normalised muscle strength and tendon stiffness on jumping performance with a linear regression model. Results Muscle thickness and pennation angle did not differ significantly between athletes and non-athletes. In athletes, muscle strength was greater by 25% and jumping heights by 36% (SJ) and 43% (CMJ), but Achilles tendon stiffness did not differ between the two groups. The significant predictor for both jump heights was tendon stiffness in athletes and normalised muscle strength for the CMJ height in non-athletes. Conclusion Long-term artistic gymnastics training during preadolescence seems to be associated with increased muscle strength and jumping performance but not with training-induced muscle hypertrophy or altered tendon stiffness in the plantar flexors. Athletes benefit more from tendon stiffness and non-athletes more from muscle strength for increased jumping performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pentidis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Mersmann
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bohm
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erasmia Giannakou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Nickos Aggelousis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Adamantios Arampatzis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Coates KD, Aboodarda SJ, Krüger RL, Martin T, Metz LM, Jarvis SE, Millet GY. Multiple sclerosis-related fatigue: the role of impaired corticospinal responses and heightened exercise fatigability. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1131-1143. [PMID: 32877296 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00165.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether motor fatigability and perceived fatigue share a common pathophysiology in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). This cross-sectional investigation explored the relationship between the mechanisms of motor fatigability from cycling and fatigue severity in PwMS. Thirteen highly fatigued (HF) and thirteen nonfatigued (LF) PwMS and thirteen healthy controls (CON) completed a step test until volitional exhaustion on an innovative cycle ergometer. Neuromuscular evaluations involving femoral nerve electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation were performed every 3 min throughout cycling. One-way ANOVA at baseline and exhaustion uncovered evidence of consistently smaller motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes (P = 0.011) and prolonged MEP latencies (P = 0.041) in HF as well as a greater decline in maximal voluntary contraction force (HF: 63 ± 13%; LF: 75 ± 13%; CON: 73 ± 11% of pre; P = 0.037) and potentiated twitch force (HF: 35 ± 13%; LF: 50 ± 16%; CON: 47 ± 17% of pre; P = 0.049) in HF at volitional exhaustion. Hierarchical regression determined that fatigue severity on the Fatigue Severity Scale was predicted by prolonged MEP latencies (change in r2 = 0.389), elevated peripheral muscle fatigability (change in r2 = 0.183), and depressive symptoms (change in r2 = 0.213). These findings indicate that MS-related fatigue is distinguished by disrupted corticospinal responsiveness, which could suggest progressive pathology, but fatigability from whole body exercise and depressive symptoms also influence perceptions of fatigue in PwMS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The etiology of fatigability from whole body exercise was examined for the first time to accurately elucidate the relationship between fatigue and fatigability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Compromised corticospinal responsiveness predicted fatigue severity, providing a novel, objective indicator of fatigue in MS. Although the impaired corticomotor transmission did not aggravate muscle activation in this group of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) of lower disability, heightened muscle fatigability was seen to contribute to perceptions of fatigue in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla D Coates
- Neuromuscular Fatigue Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saied Jalal Aboodarda
- Neuromuscular Fatigue Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Renata L Krüger
- Neuromuscular Fatigue Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tristan Martin
- Neuromuscular Fatigue Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1075 Comete Moblites: Vieillissement Pathologies Santé, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Luanne M Metz
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott E Jarvis
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Neuromuscular Fatigue Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Jean Monnet University-Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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24
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Relationship between Muscle Cross-Sectional Area by MRI and Muscle Thickness by Ultrasonography of the Triceps Surae in the Sitting Position. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8020166. [PMID: 32532123 PMCID: PMC7349330 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) of the triceps surae in the supine and sitting positions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the relationship between the MCSA of the triceps surae in the sitting position and muscle thickness (MT), assessed using MRI and ultrasonography, respectively. This study included 16 healthy young male participants. The measurement positions were 90° flexion of the knee joint and neutral position of the ankle joint in the sitting or supine positions. Using an open-configuration MRI system with a vertical gap and ultrasonography, we measured the MCSA and MT of the soleus muscle and the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle at three selected locations in the ventral part of the muscle. As a result, the 50% portion of the soleus muscle and the 25% and 50% portions of the gastrocnemius medial and lateral heads were higher in the sitting position than in the supine position. Furthermore, only 50% of the gastrocnemius medial head showed a correlation between the MCSA and MT. When using the MT of the triceps surae as an indicator of muscle volume in the sitting position, the muscle site should be considered.
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25
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A clinically applicable tool for rapidly estimating muscle volume using ultrasound images. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2685-2699. [PMID: 31654124 PMCID: PMC6858406 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify a safe, rapid, and accessible method of estimating muscle volume of key lower limb muscle groups to reduce the time-demand of acquiring this measurement and potentially facilitate its application as a clinical monitoring tool. Methods Unilateral MRI images were acquired from the 12th thoracic vertebrae to the base of the foot in 18 recreationally active males. Panoramic B-mode ultrasound images were acquired from the same leg at the mid-hip, 25%, 50%, and 75% of thigh length, and 25% of shank length. Body mass, height, limb lengths, and circumferences at the sites corresponding to the ultrasound images were acquired. A single investigator manually analysed all images. Regression analyses were conducted to identify models for estimating volume of the hip extensor, knee extensor and flexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscle groups. Results Models were developed for estimating hip extensor (SEE = 8.92%, R2 = 0.690), knee extensor (SEE = 5.24%, R2 = 0.707) and flexor (SEE = 7.89%, R2 = 0.357), and ankle plantarflexor (SEE = 10.78%, R2 = 0.387) muscle group volumes. The hip and knee extensor models showed good potential for generalisation. Systematic error was observed for the knee flexor and ankle plantarflexor models. Conclusions Hip extensor, knee extensor and flexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscle group volumes can be estimated using B-mode ultrasound images and anthropometric measurements. The error shown for each of the models was sufficient to identify previously reported differences in muscle volume due to training or injury, supporting their clinical application.
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Nakamura M, Sutoh S, Kiyono R, Sato S, Yahata K, Hiraizumi K, Morishita S. Efficacies of ultrasound and a handheld dynamometer to predict one-repetition maximum. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:790-794. [PMID: 31645808 PMCID: PMC6801335 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] It is important to accurately measure one-repetition maximum to determine the
training load and number of repetitions. However, huge and expensive equipment, such as a
torque machine and/or dynamometer, is needed to measure one-repetition maximum. Therefore,
a more accessible and affordable method has been developed to predict one-repetition
maximum. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether one-repetition maximum of the knee
extensor could be predicted more accurately with a combination of muscle strength,
measured using a handheld dynamometer, muscle thickness, and thigh circumference.
[Participants and Methods] Participants were sixty-four non-athletic healthy adult
volunteers (33 males and 31 females). Muscle strength of the knee extensor measured using
one-repetition maximum, maximal voluntary isometric contraction measured using a handheld
dynamometer, muscle thickness of the quadriceps and/or thigh circumference measured on
ultrasonography. [Results] The stepwise regression analysis revealed that body mass,
gender, muscle thickness at 15 cm above the patella, and maximal voluntary isometric
contraction were the significant and independent determinants (R2=0.813).
[Conclusion] One-repetition maximum could be predicted more accurately with a combination
of maximal voluntary isometric contraction measured using a handheld dynamometer and
muscle thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakamura
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare: 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sutoh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kiyono
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yahata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Kakeru Hiraizumi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare: 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
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Vahlgren J, Karlsen A, Scheel FU, Loeb MR, Perez A, Beyer N, Kjær M, Magnusson SP. Using ultrasonography to detect loss of muscle mass in the hospitalized geriatric population. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vahlgren
- Department of Geriatrics Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anders Karlsen
- Department of Geriatrics Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Frederik U. Scheel
- Department of Geriatrics Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mads R. Loeb
- Department of Geriatrics Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Alberto Perez
- Department of Geriatrics Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nina Beyer
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
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Teodoro JL, da Silva LXN, Fritsch CG, Baroni BM, Grazioli R, Boeno FP, Lopez P, Gentil P, Bottaro M, Pinto RS, Izquierdo M, Cadore EL. Concurrent training performed with and without repetitions to failure in older men: A randomized clinical trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1141-1152. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L. Teodoro
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Larissa X. Neves da Silva
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Carolina G. Fritsch
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Bruno M. Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Rafael Grazioli
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Francesco P. Boeno
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Pedro Lopez
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiania Brazil
| | - Martim Bottaro
- Faculdade de Educação Física Universidade de Brasília Brasilia Brazil
| | - Ronei S. Pinto
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences Public University of Navarre Pamplona Spain
| | - Eduardo L. Cadore
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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Formenti P, Umbrello M, Coppola S, Froio S, Chiumello D. Clinical review: peripheral muscular ultrasound in the ICU. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9:57. [PMID: 31101987 PMCID: PMC6525229 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-019-0531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular weakness developing from critical illness neuropathy, myopathy and muscle atrophy has been characterized as intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW). This entity occurs commonly during and after critical care stay. Various causal factors for functional incapacity have been proposed. Among these, individual patient characteristics (such as age, comorbidities and nutritional status), acting in association with sustained bed rest and pharmacological interventions (included the metabolic support approach), seem influential in reducing muscular mass. Long-term outcomes in heterogeneous ICUAW populations include transient disability in 30% of patients and persistent disabilities that may occur even in patients with nearly complete functional recovery. Currently available tools for the assessment of skeletal muscle mass are imprecise and difficult to perform in the ICU setting. A valid alternative to these imaging modalities is muscular ultrasonography, which allows visualization and classification of muscle characteristics by cross-sectional area, muscle layer thickness, echointensity by grayscale and the pennation angle). The aim of this narrative review is to describe the current literature addressing muscular ultrasound for the detection of muscle weakness and its potential impact on treatment and prognosis of critically ill patients when combined with biomarkers of muscle catabolism/anabolism and bioenergetic state. In addition, we suggest a practical flowchart for establishing an early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Formenti
- SC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale San Paolo - Polo Universitario, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy. .,Centro Ricerca Coordinata di Insufficienza Respiratoria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Michele Umbrello
- SC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale San Paolo - Polo Universitario, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Coordinata di Insufficienza Respiratoria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Coppola
- SC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale San Paolo - Polo Universitario, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Coordinata di Insufficienza Respiratoria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Froio
- SC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale San Paolo - Polo Universitario, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Coordinata di Insufficienza Respiratoria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Chiumello
- SC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale San Paolo - Polo Universitario, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Coordinata di Insufficienza Respiratoria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Ultrasound measurement of rectus femoris muscle thickness as a quick screening test for sarcopenia assessment. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 83:151-154. [PMID: 31029040 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome related to loss of muscle mass and function, leading to disability, frailty and higher mortality. According to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) the diagnosis of sarcopenia requires the assessment of muscle mass, muscle force and function, that is time-consuming and not easily at hand in everyday clinical practice. We propose the B-mode ultrasound measurement of muscle thickness as a quick screening test to assess the presence of sarcopenia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was realized, 119 patients (average age 82 years, 50.4% females) from the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital of Siena (Italy) were enrolled. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was assessed according to EWGSOP criteria. Rectus femoris muscle (RFM) thickness (in cm) was measured by ultrasound B-mode scanning. Sensibility and specificity of the test was evaluated and Receiver Operating Analysis (ROC) was performed to assess the accuracy of the test. RESULTS Average RFM thickness was 0.78 ± 0.26, significantly lower in sarcopenic patients (0.55 ± 0.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3; Mann-Whitney; p < 0.001) and females (0.7 ± 0.3 vs 0.86 ± 0.3; Mann-Whitney; p < 0.001). The cut-off point of 0.7 cm for females and 0.9 cm for males was established as a threshold to assess the presence of sarcopenia by ultrasound. Sensibility of ultrasound measurement of RFM thickness was 100%, specificity 64%, positive predictive value (PPV) 64.3% and negative predictive value (NPV) 100%. ROC analysis was performed in order to quantify how accurately RFM thickness can discriminate between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia state. AUC for all patients was 0.9 and after a comparative analysis for gender higher values for males (0.94 vs. 0.92) were observed. CONCLUSION We suggest a screening test for sarcopenia based on the ultrasound measurement of RFM thickness, as a not invasive and easy to perform method even in elderly patients with functional or cognitive impairment.
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de Oliveira VB, de Oliveira LF, Menegaldo LL. Estimation of vastus intermedius electromyography: Comparison of three methods and their impact on the knee isometric extension moment predicted by an EMG-Driven model. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-182167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane B. de Oliveira
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liliam F. de Oliveira
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano L. Menegaldo
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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33
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Choe YR, Kim JS, Kim KH, Yi TI. Relationship Between Functional Level and Muscle Thickness in Young Children With Cerebral Palsy. Ann Rehabil Med 2018; 42:286-295. [PMID: 29765882 PMCID: PMC5940605 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2018.42.2.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between functional level and muscle thickness (MT) of the rectus femoris (RF) and the gastrocnemius (GCM) in young children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods The study participants were comprised of 26 children (50 legs) with spastic CP, aged 3–6 years, and 25 age-matched children with typical development (TD, 50 legs). The MT of the RF, medial GCM, and lateral GCM was measured with ultrasound imaging. The functional level was evaluated using the Gross Motor Function Measurement-88 (GMFM-88), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and based on the mobility area of the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). The measurement of spasticity was evaluated with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Results We note that the height, weight, body mass index, and MT of the RF, and the medial and lateral GCM were significantly higher in the TD group (p<0.05). There was a direct relationship between MT of the RF and medial GCM and the GMFM-88, GMFCS, and mobility scores of the K-MBI in individuals with early CP. In addition, we have noted that there was a direct relationship between MT of the lateral GCM and the GMFM-88 and GMFCS. Although there was a tendency toward lower MT with increasing MAS ratings in the knee and ankle, the correlation was not statistically significant. Conclusion In young children with CP, MT of the RF and GCM was lower than in age-matched children with TD. Furthermore, it is noted with confidence that a significant positive correlation existed between MT and functional level as evaluated using the GMFM-88, GMFCS, and mobility area of K-MBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Reum Choe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Sup Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kee Hoon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Im Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Associations Between Individual Lower-Limb Muscle Volumes and 100-m Sprint Time in Male Sprinters. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:214-219. [PMID: 28605265 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the relationship between the muscularity of individual lower-limb muscles and 100-m-race time (t100) in young-adult male sprinters. METHODS Thirty-one young-adult male sprinters took part in this study (age 19.9 ± 1.4 y, height 173.5 ± 4.6 cm, body mass 67.0 ± 4.9 kg, t100 10.23-11.71 s). Cross-sectional images from the origin to insertion of 12 lower-limb muscles were obtained with via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The absolute volume of each muscle, the ratio of total volume of measured muscles to body mass, the ratio of individual muscle volume to body mass, and the ratio between 2 individual muscle volumes were calculated as indices of muscularity using the images. A stepwise multiple-regression analysis was performed to examine the association between the indices and t100. RESULTS A stepwise multiple-regression analysis produced an equation (adjusted R2 = .234) with the gluteus maximus-to-quadriceps femoris muscle-volume ratio (β = -0.509, P = .003) as the explanatory variable. CONCLUSIONS Individual differences in 100-m-race performance cannot be explained by the muscularity of specific muscles, and 23% of the variability in the performance can be explained by the relative difference between the muscularity of gluteus maximus and quadriceps femoris; faster runners have a greater gluteus maximus relative to quadriceps femoris.
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Nijholt W, Scafoglieri A, Jager-Wittenaar H, Hobbelen JSM, van der Schans CP. The reliability and validity of ultrasound to quantify muscles in older adults: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:702-712. [PMID: 28703496 PMCID: PMC5659048 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This review evaluates the reliability and validity of ultrasound to quantify muscles in older adults. The databases PubMed, Cochrane, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were systematically searched for studies. In 17 studies, the reliability (n = 13) and validity (n = 8) of ultrasound to quantify muscles in community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) or a clinical population were evaluated. Four out of 13 reliability studies investigated both intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) scores for reliability ranged from -0.26 to 1.00. The highest ICC scores were found for the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, upper arm anterior, and the trunk (ICC = 0.72 to 1.000). All included validity studies found ICC scores ranging from 0.92 to 0.999. Two studies describing the validity of ultrasound to predict lean body mass showed good validity as compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (r2 = 0.92 to 0.96). This systematic review shows that ultrasound is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of muscle size in older adults. More high-quality research is required to confirm these findings in both clinical and healthy populations. Furthermore, ultrasound assessment of small muscles needs further evaluation. Ultrasound to predict lean body mass is feasible; however, future research is required to validate prediction equations in older adults with varying function and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemke Nijholt
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Scafoglieri
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harriët Jager-Wittenaar
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes S M Hobbelen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees P van der Schans
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Psychology Research, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Franchi MV, Longo S, Mallinson J, Quinlan JI, Taylor T, Greenhaff PL, Narici MV. Muscle thickness correlates to muscle cross-sectional area in the assessment of strength training-induced hypertrophy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:846-853. [PMID: 28805932 PMCID: PMC5873262 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscle thickness (MT) measured by ultrasound has been used to estimate cross-sectional area (measured by CT and MRI) at a single time point. We tested whether MT could be used as a valid marker of MRI determined muscle anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) and volume changes following resistance training (RT). Nine healthy, young, male volunteers (24 ± 2 y.o., BMI 24.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2 ) had vastus lateralis (VL) muscle volume (VOL) and ACSAmid (at 50% of femur length, FL) assessed by MRI, and VL MT measured by ultrasound at 50% FL. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of isokinetic RT. Differences between baseline and post-training were assessed by Student's paired t test. The relationships between MRI and ultrasound measurements were tested by Pearson's correlation. After RT, MT increased by 7.5 ± 6.1% (P < .001), ACSAmid by 5.2 ± 5% (P < .001), and VOL by 5.0 ± 6.9% (P < .05) (values: means ± SD). Positive correlations were found, at baseline and 12 weeks, between MT and ACSAmid (r = .82, P < .001 and r = .73, P < .001, respectively), and between MT and VOL (r = .76, P < .001 and r = .73, P < .001, respectively). The % change in MT with training was correlated with % change in ACSAmid (r = .69, P < .01), but not % change in VOL (r = .33, P > .05). These data support evidence that MT is a reliable index of muscle ACSAmid and VOL at a single time point. MT changes following RT are associated with parallel changes in muscle ACSAmid but not with the changes in VOL, highlighting the impact of RT on regional hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Franchi
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - J Mallinson
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J I Quinlan
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - T Taylor
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P L Greenhaff
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M V Narici
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Anterior Thigh Tissue Thickness Measured Using Ultrasound Imaging in Older Recreational Female Golfers and Sedentary Controls. Geriatrics (Basel) 2017; 2:geriatrics2010010. [PMID: 31011020 PMCID: PMC6371097 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics2010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is vital for the prevention of sarcopenia and frailty. The training effects of recreational golf on muscle function in older people are unknown. The present study examined quadriceps muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness in 66 older females. Thirty-one golfers (mean age 69.1 years, standard deviation ±3.4) were compared with 35 less active non-golfers (73.4 ± 4.2 years). Images of the dominant anterior thigh were obtained using real-time B-mode ultrasound imaging. Thickness of muscle (rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, and intermuscular fascia) and subcutaneous tissue (fat and perimuscular fascia) was measured, and percentage contributions calculated. Muscle thickness was significantly greater (p < 0.001) in golfers (mean 2.78 cm ± 0.73 cm) than non-golfers (2.18 cm ± 0.55 cm). Mean percentage contribution of muscle and non-contractile tissue was 64% ± 9% and 36% ± 9%, respectively, in golfers, compared to 58% ± 8% and 42% ± 8% in non-golfers (p = 0.013). Multiple linear regression analysis, controlling for age and BMI, showed that golfers still had higher total anterior thigh thickness (regression parameter for non-golfers B = −0.984, p = 0.004) and higher muscle thickness (B = −0.619, p = 0.002). This study indicates an association between recreational golf and greater relative thigh muscle thickness and lower subcutaneous fat than in less active controls. Training effects need to be examined in prospective controlled trials in males and females in different age groups.
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Bostock EL, Morse CI, Winwood K, McEwan IM, Onambélé GL. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin D in Immobilisation: Part A- Modulation of Appendicular Mass Content, Composition and Structure. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:51-58. [PMID: 27999850 PMCID: PMC5306237 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Muscle size decreases in response to short-term limb immobilisation. This study set out to determine whether two potential protein-sparing modulators (eicosapentaenoic acid and vitamin D) would attenuate immobilisation-induced changes in muscle characteristics. DESIGN The study used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. SETTING The study took part in a laboratory setting. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four male and female healthy participants, aged 23.0±5.8 years. INTERVENTION The non-dominant arm was immobilised in a sling for a period of nine waking hours a day over two continuous weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo (n=8, Lecithin, 2400 mg daily), omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (n=8, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); 1770 mg, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); 390 mg, daily) or vitamin D (n=8, 1,000 IU daily). MEASUREMENTS Muscle and sub-cutaneous adipose thickness (B-mode ultrasonography), body composition (DXA) and arm girth (anthropometry) were measured before immobilisation, immediately on removal of the sling and two weeks after re-mobilisation. RESULTS Muscle thickness (-5.4±4.3%), upper and lower arm girth (-1.3±0.4 and -0.8±0.8%, respectively), lean mass (-3.6±3.7%) and bone mineral content (BMC) (-2.3±1.5%) decreased significantly with limb immobilisation in the placebo group (P<0.05). Despite no significant effect of group, ω-3 and vitamin D supplementation showed trends (p>0.05) towards attenuating the decreases in muscle thickness, upper/lower arm girths and BMC observed in the placebo group. The ω-3 supplementation group demonstrated a non-significant attenuation of the decrease in DXA quantified lean mass observed in the placebo group. Sub-cutaneous adipose thickness increased in the placebo group (P<0.05). ω-3 and vitamin D both blunted this response, with ω-3 having a greater effect (P<0.05). All parameters had returned to baseline values at the re-mobilisation phase of the study. CONCLUSION Overall, at the current doses, ω-3 and vitamin D supplementation only attenuated one of the changes associated with non-injurious limb immobilisation. These findings would necessitate further research into either a) supplementation linked to injury-induced immobilisation, or b) larger doses of these supplements to confirm/refute the physiological reserve potential of the two supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Bostock
- Gladys Onambele-Pearson, Health, Exercise and Active Living Research Centre, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0) 161 247 5594;
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Vieira A, Siqueira AF, Ferreira-Junior JB, Pereira P, Wagner D, Bottaro M. Ultrasound imaging in women's arm flexor muscles: intra-rater reliability of muscle thickness and echo intensity. Braz J Phys Ther 2016; 20:535-542. [PMID: 27683836 PMCID: PMC5176199 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different ultrasound parameters have been frequently used to assess changes associated with training, aging, immobilization, and neuromuscular diseases. However, an exploratory reliability analysis of the echo intensity (EI) and muscle thickness (MT) of the forearm flexors is scarce, especially in women. Objective The purpose of the present study was to determine the intra-rater reliability of MT and EI assessed by ultrasound in young women. Method Ultrasonographic MT and EI were acquired in the forearm flexors of 41 young women (22±2 yrs). Reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), standard error of measurement (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV), smallest detectable change (SDC), and Bland and Altman plot analysis. Results ICC values for MT and EI were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.93). The SEM and CV values were lower than 10%. Bland and Altman analysis revealed that ultrasound mean differences were 0.27 mm (Limits of Agreement - LOA 95%: - 2.6 to 3.2 mm) and -0.09 a.u. (LOA 95%: - 10.9 to 10.7 a.u.). Conclusion MT and EI assessed by ultrasonography in young women appear to be reliable and may be used to monitor changes in muscle mass induced by strength training when these changes exceed the precision of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilton Vieira
- Laboratório de Treinamento de Força, Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Angelina F Siqueira
- Laboratório de Treinamento de Força, Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - João B Ferreira-Junior
- Laboratório de Treinamento de Força, Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Laboratório de Treinamento de Força, Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Dale Wagner
- Health, Physical Education and Recreation Department (HPER), Utah State University (USU), Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Martim Bottaro
- Laboratório de Treinamento de Força, Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Validity of muscle thickness-based prediction equation for quadriceps femoris volume in middle-aged and older men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2125-2133. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sakaeda K, Shimizu M. Use of B-mode ultrasonography for measuring femoral muscle thickness in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:803-10. [PMID: 26832997 PMCID: PMC4905835 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of muscle mass is important for evaluating muscle function and rehabilitation
outcomes. Ultrasound has recently been successfully used to estimate muscle mass in humans
by measuring muscle thickness. This study attempted to standardize procedures for
measuring femoral muscle thickness ultrasonographically, as well as quantify the
reliability and validity of ultrasound evaluations of muscle thickness compared to
measurements made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dogs. We evaluated the quadriceps
femoris (QF), biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles of
10 clinically healthy Beagle dogs. Scans were taken in 5 different sections divided
equally between the greater trochanter and proximal patella. MRI was performed, followed
by T1-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. Muscle cross-sectional area
(CSA) was measured with MRI, and muscle thickness was measured with MRI and
ultrasonography. The thickness of the QF, BF and ST muscles as measured by ultrasound at
slices 1–3 (from the proximal end to the middle of the femur), 2–4 (middle of the femur)
and 2 (more proximal than the middle of the femur), respectively, was correlated with
muscle thickness and CSA as measured by MRI. These sites showed a flat interface between
muscle and transducer and were situated over belly muscle. No correlation between
measurement types was seen in SM muscle. We must confirm this assessment method for
various breeds, sizes, ages and muscle pathologies in dogs, thereby confirming that muscle
thickness as measured ultrasonographically can reflect muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sakaeda
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Roelofs EJ, Smith-Ryan AE, Melvin MN, Wingfield HL, Trexler ET, Walker N. Muscle size, quality, and body composition: characteristics of division I cross-country runners. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 29:290-6. [PMID: 25330086 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA), echo intensity (EI), and body composition of Division I cross-country runners. The secondary purpose was to examine differences in these variables in athletes stratified based on stress-fracture (SFx) history. Thirty-six athletes were stratified based on sex and SFx history. A panoramic scan vastus lateralis was performed using a GE Logiq-e B-mode ultrasound. Echo intensity and mCSA were determined from the scan using a grayscale imaging software (ImageJ). Body composition measures were determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. For females, mCSA was significantly correlated with left leg lean mass (LM; R = 0.54) and EI (R = -0.57). Lean mass was significantly correlated with bone mineral density (BMD; R = 0.58) and bone mineral content (BMC; R = 0.56), whereas BMC was also correlated with leg LM (R = 0.72). For males, mCSA was significantly correlated with leg LM (R = 0.66), BMD (R = 0.50), and BMC (R = 0.54). Leg LM was significantly correlated with BMD (R = 0.53) and BMC (R = 0.77). Personal best times for males were significantly correlated with fat mass (R = 0.489) and %fat (R = 0.556) for the 10- and 5-km races, respectively. Female and male athletes with a history of SFx were not significantly different across any variables when compared with athletes with no history. These correlations suggest that more muscle mass may associate with higher BMD and BMC for stronger bone structure. Modifications in training strategies to include heavy resistance training and plyometrics may be advantageous for preventing risk factors associated with SFx reoccurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Roelofs
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Franchi MV, Wilkinson DJ, Quinlan JI, Mitchell WK, Lund JN, Williams JP, Reeves ND, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Narici MV. Early structural remodeling and deuterium oxide-derived protein metabolic responses to eccentric and concentric loading in human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12593. [PMID: 26564061 PMCID: PMC4673627 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the greatest distinguishing feature between eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) muscle loading lays in architectural adaptations: ECC favors increases in fascicle length (Lf), associated with distal vastus lateralis muscle (VL) hypertrophy, and CON increases in pennation angle (PA). Here, we explored the interactions between structural and morphological remodeling, assessed by ultrasound and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and long-term muscle protein synthesis (MPS), evaluated by deuterium oxide (D2O) tracing technique. Ten young males (23 ± 4 years) performed unilateral resistance exercise training (RET) three times/week for 4 weeks; thus, one-leg trained concentrically while the contralateral performed ECC exercise only at 80% of either CON or ECC one repetition maximum (1RM). Subjects consumed an initial bolus of D2O (150 mL), while a 25-mL dose was thereafter provided every 8 days. Muscle biopsies from VL midbelly (MID) and distal myotendinous junction (MTJ) were collected at 0 and 4-weeks. MPS was then quantified via GC–pyrolysis–IRMS over the 4-week training period. Expectedly, ECC and CON RET resulted in similar increases in VL muscle thickness (MT) (7.5% vs. 8.4%, respectively) and thigh lean mass (DXA) (2.3% vs. 3%, respectively), albeit through distinct remodeling: Lf increasing more after ECC (5%) versus CON (2%) and PA increasing after CON (7% vs. 3%). MPS did not differ between contractile modes or biopsy sites (MID-ECC: 1.42 vs. MID-CON: 1.4% day−1; MTJ-ECC: 1.38 vs. MTJ-CON: 1.39% day−1). Muscle thickness at MID site increased similarly following ECC and CON RET, reflecting a tendency for a contractile mode-independent correlation between MPS and MT (P = 0.07; R2 = 0.18). We conclude that, unlike MT, distinct structural remodeling responses to ECC or CON are not reflected in MPS; the molecular mechanisms of distinct protein deposition, and/or the role of protein breakdown in mediating these responses remain to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino V Franchi
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Jonathan I Quinlan
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - William K Mitchell
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Jonathan N Lund
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - John P Williams
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Neil D Reeves
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Marco V Narici
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
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da Silva Pereira Júnior N, da Matta TT, Alvarenga AV, de Albuquerque Pereira WC, de Oliveira LF. Reliability of ultrasound texture measures of Biceps Brachialis and Gastrocnemius Lateralis muscles' images. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:84-88. [PMID: 26235146 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is an important tool for diagnosing of many musculoskeletal tissue conditions. Image texture analysis can be used to characterize this tissue. The complexity curve (CC) is a technique commonly used to characterize the number of grey-level transitions in an image. Variability and reliability of US texture measures in the muscle tissue are unavailable in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the variability and reliability of five CC texture parameters from US images of healthy Biceps Brachialis and Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL) muscles, with longitudinal and transversal orientations of the probe. Eight images per subject were obtained for 30 men in 2 days. Mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient for the five parameters were calculated for regions of interest. Results showed that the variability was similar for both muscles and most of the parameters showed satisfactory reliability (r > 0·7) for the Biceps Brachialis with the transverse scan and for the GL with the longitudinal scan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Torres da Matta
- Biomedical Engineering Program - COPPE/UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.,Physical Education Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - André Victor Alvarenga
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Liliam Fernandes de Oliveira
- Biomedical Engineering Program - COPPE/UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.,Physical Education Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Brook MS, Wilkinson DJ, Mitchell WK, Lund JN, Szewczyk NJ, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Atherton PJ. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy adaptations predominate in the early stages of resistance exercise training, matching deuterium oxide-derived measures of muscle protein synthesis and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. FASEB J 2015; 29:4485-96. [PMID: 26169934 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) is widely used to increase muscle mass in athletes and also aged/cachectic populations. However, the time course and metabolic and molecular control of hypertrophy remain poorly defined. Using newly developed deuterium oxide (D2O)-tracer techniques, we investigated the relationship between long-term muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and hypertrophic responses to RET. A total of 10 men (23 ± 1 yr) undertook 6 wk of unilateral (1-legged) RET [6 × 8 repetitions, 75% 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) 3/wk], rendering 1 leg untrained (UT) and the contralateral, trained (T). After baseline bilateral vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies, subjects consumed 150 ml D2O (70 atom percentage; thereafter 50 ml/wk) with regular body water monitoring in saliva via high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer:isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Further bilateral VL muscle biopsies were taken at 3 and 6 wk to temporally quantify MPS via gas chromatography:pyrolysis:isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Expectedly, only the T leg exhibited marked increases in function [i.e., 1-RM/maximal voluntary contraction (60°)] and VL thickness (peaking at 3 wk). Critically, whereas MPS remained unchanged in the UT leg (e.g., ∼1.35 ± 0.08%/d), the T leg exhibited increased MPS at 0-3 wk (1.6 ± 0.01%/d), but not at 3-6 wk (1.29 ± 0.11%/d); this was reflected by dampened acute mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling responses to RET, beyond 3 wk. Therefore, hypertrophic remodeling is most active during the early stages of RET, reflecting longer-term MPS. Moreover, D2O heralds promise for coupling MPS and muscle mass and providing insight into the control of hypertrophy and efficacy of anabolic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Brook
- *Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and Department of Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- *Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and Department of Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - William K Mitchell
- *Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and Department of Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N Lund
- *Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and Department of Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- *Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and Department of Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- *Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and Department of Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Smith
- *Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and Department of Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Atherton
- *Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and Department of Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
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Berger J, Bunout D, Barrera G, de la Maza MP, Henriquez S, Leiva L, Hirsch S. Rectus femoris (RF) ultrasound for the assessment of muscle mass in older people. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Head P, Austen B, Browne D, Campkin T, Barcellona M. Effect of practical blood flow restriction training during bodyweight exercise on muscular strength, hypertrophy and function in adults: A randomised controlled trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2015. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2015.22.6.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Head
- Physiotherapist, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, UK
| | - Benjamin Austen
- Physiotherapist, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, UK
| | - David Browne
- Physiotherapist, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, UK
| | - Timothy Campkin
- Physiotherapist, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, UK
| | - Massimo Barcellona
- Physiotherapist, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, UK
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Abe T, Loenneke JP, Thiebaud RS. Morphological and functional relationships with ultrasound measured muscle thickness of the lower extremity: a brief review. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2015; 23:166-73. [PMID: 27433253 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x15587599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is a potential method for assessing muscle size of the extremity and trunk. In a large muscle, however, a single image from portable ultrasound measures only muscle thickness (MT), not anatomical muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) or muscle volume (MV). Thus, it is important to know whether MT is related to anatomical CSA and MV in an individual muscle of the extremity and trunk. In this review, we summarize previously published articles in the lower extremity demonstrating the relationships between ultrasound MT and muscle CSA or MV as measured by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. The relationship between MT and isometric and isokinetic joint performance is also reviewed. A linear relationship is observed between MT and muscle CSA or MV in the quadriceps, adductor, tibialis anterior, and triceps surae muscles. Intrarater correlation coefficients range from 0.90 to 0.99, except for one study. It would appear that anterior upper-thigh MT, mid-thigh MT and posterior thigh MT are the best predictors for evaluating adductor, quadriceps, and hamstrings muscle size, respectively. Despite a limited number of studies, anterior as well as posterior lower leg MT appear to reflect muscle CSA and MV of the lower leg muscles. Based on previous studies, ultrasound measured anterior thigh MT may be a valuable predictor of knee extension strength. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to clarify the relationship between lower extremity function and MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Robert S Thiebaud
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, Texas Wesleyan University, Fort Worth, TX 76105, USA
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Pinto SS, Alberton CL, Bagatini NC, Zaffari P, Cadore EL, Radaelli R, Baroni BM, Lanferdini FJ, Ferrari R, Kanitz AC, Pinto RS, Vaz MA, Kruel LFM. Neuromuscular adaptations to water-based concurrent training in postmenopausal women: effects of intrasession exercise sequence. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9751. [PMID: 25643897 PMCID: PMC4315433 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different exercise sequences on the neuromuscular adaptations induced by water-based concurrent training in postmenopausal women. Twenty-one healthy postmenopausal women (57.14 ± 2.43 years) were randomly placed into two water-based concurrent training groups: resistance training prior to (RA, n = 10) or after (AR, n = 11) aerobic training. Subjects performed resistance and aerobic training twice a week over 12 weeks, performing both exercise types in the same training session. Upper (elbow flexors) and lower-body (knee extensors) one-repetition maximal test (1RM) and peak torque (PT) (knee extensors) were evaluated. The muscle thickness (MT) of upper (biceps brachii) and lower-body (vastus lateralis) was determined by ultrasonography. Moreover, the maximal and submaximal (neuromuscular economy) electromyographic activity (EMG) of lower-body (vastus lateralis and rectus femoris) was measured. Both RA and AR groups increased the upper- and lower-body 1RM and PT, while the lower-body 1RM increases observed in the RA was greater than AR (34.62 ± 13.51 vs. 14.16 ± 13.68 %). RA and AR showed similar MT increases in upper- and lower-body muscles evaluated. In addition, significant improvements in the maximal and submaximal EMG of lower-body muscles in both RA and AR were found, with no differences between groups. Both exercise sequences in water-based concurrent training presented relevant improvements to promote health and physical fitness in postmenopausal women. However, the exercise sequence resistance-aerobic optimizes the strength gains in lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
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Can ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness be used to measure the size of individual quadriceps muscles in people with patellofemoral pain? Phys Ther Sport 2015; 16:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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