1
|
Abdallah MF, Recote JM, Van Camp C, Van Hassel WHR, Pedroni L, Dellafiora L, Masquelier J, Rajkovic A. Potential (co-)contamination of dairy milk with AFM1 and MC-LR and their synergistic interaction in inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 192:114907. [PMID: 39111684 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Several toxic metabolites, such as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), are known to contaminate dairy milk. However, as mentioned in an external EFSA report, there is a knowledge gap regarding the carry-over of certain emerging toxins such as microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Therefore, this work aimed to develop an LC-MS/MS method for MC-LR quantification in dairy milk. Also, the method included AFM1 as a common fungal metabolite and applied to analyze 113 dairy milk samples collected directly after the end of the summer peak. Both toxins were below their LODs, keeping the question on MC-LR carry-over still unanswered. Moreover, an in silico analysis, using a 3D molecular modeling was performed, pointing to a possible interaction between MC-LR and milk proteins, especially β-lactoglobulin. Since AFM1 and MC-LR are hepatotoxic, their interaction in inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells was investigated at low (subcytotoxic) concentrations. Live cell imaging-based assays showed an inhibition in cell viability, without involvement of caspase-3/7, and a hyperpolarization in the mitochondrial membrane potential after the exposure to a mixture of 100 ng mL-1 AFM1 and 1000 ng mL-1 MC-LR for 48h. Extracellular flux analysis revealed inhibitions of several key parameters of mitochondrial function (basal respiration, ATP-linked respiration, and spare respiratory capacity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
| | - Jessa May Recote
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Camille Van Camp
- Unit Toxins, Organic Contaminants and Additives, Sciensano, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Noh MR, Padanilam BJ. Cell death induced by acute renal injury: a perspective on the contributions of accidental and programmed cell death. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F4-F20. [PMID: 38660714 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00275.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of cell death in acute kidney injury (AKI) is linked to multiple factors including energy depletion, electrolyte imbalance, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of several cell death pathway components. Since our review in 2003, discussing the relative contributions of apoptosis and necrosis, several other forms of cell death have been identified and are shown to contribute to AKI. Currently, these various forms of cell death can be fundamentally divided into accidental cell death and regulated or programmed cell death based on functional aspects. Several death initiator and effector molecules switch molecules that may act as signaling components triggering either death or protective mechanisms or alternate cell death pathways have been identified as part of the machinery. Intriguingly, several of these cell death pathways share components and signaling pathways suggesting complementary or compensatory functions. Thus, defining the cross talk between distinct cell death pathways and identifying the unique molecular effectors for each type of cell death may be required to develop novel strategies to prevent cell death. Furthermore, depending on the multiple forms of cell death simultaneously induced in different AKI settings, strategies for combination therapies that block multiple cell death pathways need to be developed to completely prevent injury, cell death, and renal function. This review highlights the various cell death pathways, cross talk, and interactions between different cell death modalities in AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng Y, Hu X, Cai Z, Qiu D, Ran Y, Ding Y, Shi J, Cai X, Pan Y. Photodynamic and nitric oxide therapy-based synergistic antimicrobial nanoplatform: an advanced root canal irrigation system for endodontic bacterial infections. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:213. [PMID: 38689259 PMCID: PMC11059741 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main issues faced during the treatment of apical periodontitis are the management of bacterial infection and the facilitation of the repair of alveolar bone defects to shorten disease duration. Conventional root canal irrigants are limited in their efficacy and are associated with several side effects. This study introduces a synergistic therapy based on nitric oxide (NO) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the treatment of apical periodontitis. RESULTS This research developed a multifunctional nanoparticle, CGP, utilizing guanidinylated poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-Caprolactone) polymer as a carrier, internally loaded with the photosensitizer chlorin e6. During root canal irrigation, the guanidino groups on the surface of CGP enabled effective biofilm penetration. These groups undergo oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in the aPDT process, triggering the release of NO without hindering the production of singlet oxygen. The generated NO significantly enhanced the antimicrobial capability and biofilm eradication efficacy of aPDT. Furthermore, CGP not only outperforms conventional aPDT in eradicating biofilms but also effectively promotes the repair of alveolar bone defects post-eradication. Importantly, our findings reveal that CGP exhibits significantly higher biosafety compared to sodium hypochlorite, alongside superior therapeutic efficacy in a rat model of apical periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that CGP, an effective root irrigation system based on aPDT and NO, has a promising application in root canal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youyun Zeng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiangyu Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhibin Cai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Dongchao Qiu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ying Ran
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yiqin Ding
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiayi Shi
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Yihuai Pan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lucas DR, Damica FZ, Toledo EB, Cogo AJD, Okorokova-Façanha AL, Gomes VM, de Oliveira Carvalho A. Bioinspired peptides induce different cell death mechanisms against opportunistic yeasts. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:649-672. [PMID: 37076595 PMCID: PMC10115610 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The management of fungal diseases imposes an urgent need for the development of effective antifungal drugs. Among new drug candidates are the antimicrobial peptides, and especially their derivatives. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of action of three bioinspired peptides against the opportunistic yeasts Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans. We assessed morphological changes, mitochondrial functionality, chromatin condensation, ROS production, activation of metacaspases, and the occurrence of cell death. Our results indicated that the peptides induced sharply contrasting death kinetics, of 6 h for RR and 3 h for D-RR to C. tropicalis and 1 h for WR to C. albicans. Both peptide-treated yeasts exhibited increased ROS levels, mitochondrial hyperpolarization, cell size reduction, and chromatin condensation. RR and WR induced necrosis in C. tropicalis and C. albicans, but not D-RR in C. tropicalis. The antioxidant ascorbic acid reverted the toxic effect of RR and D-RR, but not WR, suggesting that instead of ROS there is a second signal triggered that leads to yeast death. Our data suggest that RR induced a regulated accidental cell death in C. tropicalis, D-RR induced a programmed cell death metacaspase-independent in C. tropicalis, while WR induced an accidental cell death in C. albicans. Our results were obtained with the LD100 and within the time that the peptides induce the yeast death. Within this temporal frame, our results allow us to gain clarity on the events triggered by the peptide-cell interaction and their temporal order, providing a better understanding of the death process induced by them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ribeiro Lucas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Filipe Zaniratti Damica
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Estefany Braz Toledo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Antônio Jesus Dorighetto Cogo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Anna Lvovna Okorokova-Façanha
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Valdirene Moreira Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - André de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cestonaro LV, da Silva ACG, Garcia SC, Valadares MC, Arbo MD. Mitochondrial impairment related to the immunotoxicity of the herbicides clomazone, glyphosate and sulfentrazone in THP-1 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae005. [PMID: 38239269 PMCID: PMC10793723 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pesticides are indispensable for the cultivation of crops, especially those of economic importance, such as soybeans. Data on the annual use of herbicides in crops show that they correspond to 50%, making it the most used in agriculture. Aim Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the three commercial herbicides (clomazone, glyphosate, and sulfentrazone) in THP-1 cells. Methods Cells were incubated with 0-5,000 mg/L of the herbicides for 24 h at 37 °C for cytotoxicity evaluation. Additionally, a few toxicological pathways such as reactive species generation, mitochondrial impairment, and interleukin profile, which have been previously involved in the toxicity of pesticides, were also evaluated. Results A potential immunotoxic effect of the herbicides on THP-1 cells was observed, especially glyphosate, as it is a powerful agent of cellular immunotoxicity. It was also possible to verify an increase in oxidative stress and IL-8 levels and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusion All herbicides showed cytotoxic effects in THP-1 monocytes, which were related to mitochondrial impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Vivan Cestonaro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua São Luis 150, 3º andar, Santana, 90620-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Artur Christian Garcia da Silva
- Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Toxicologia In Vitro (Tox In), Alameda Flamboyant, Quadra K, Edifício LIFE, Parque Tecnológico Samambaia, Rodovia R2, n. 3.061, Campus Samambaia – Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-631, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua São Luis 150, 3º andar, Santana, 90620-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marize Campos Valadares
- Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Toxicologia In Vitro (Tox In), Alameda Flamboyant, Quadra K, Edifício LIFE, Parque Tecnológico Samambaia, Rodovia R2, n. 3.061, Campus Samambaia – Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-631, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua São Luis 150, 3º andar, Santana, 90620-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ya J, Pellumbaj J, Hashmat A, Bayraktutan U. The Role of Stem Cells as Therapeutics for Ischaemic Stroke. Cells 2024; 13:112. [PMID: 38247804 PMCID: PMC10814781 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Current reperfusion treatments for ischaemic stroke are limited due to their narrow therapeutic window in rescuing ischaemic penumbra. Stem cell therapy offers a promising alternative. As a regenerative medicine, stem cells offer a wider range of treatment strategies, including long-term intervention for chronic patients, through the reparation and replacement of injured cells via mechanisms of differentiation and proliferation. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the therapeutic role of stem cells for ischaemic stroke. This paper discusses the pathology during acute, subacute, and chronic phases of cerebral ischaemic injury, highlights the mechanisms involved in mesenchymal, endothelial, haematopoietic, and neural stem cell-mediated cerebrovascular regeneration, and evaluates the pre-clinical and clinical data concerning the safety and efficacy of stem cell-based treatments. The treatment of stroke patients with different types of stem cells appears to be safe and efficacious even at relatively higher concentrations irrespective of the route and timing of administration. The priming or pre-conditioning of cells prior to administration appears to help augment their therapeutic impact. However, larger patient cohorts and later-phase trials are required to consolidate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ulvi Bayraktutan
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, Queens Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schneider L, Kalt M, Koch S, Sithamparanathan S, Villiger V, Mattiat J, Kradolfer F, Slyshkina E, Luber S, Bonmarin M, Maake C, Spingler B. BODIPY-Based Photothermal Agents with Excellent Phototoxic Indices for Cancer Treatment. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4534-4544. [PMID: 36780327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report six novel, easily accessible BODIPY-based agents for cancer treatment. In contrast to established photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents, these BODIPY-based compounds show additional photothermal activity and their cytotoxicity is not dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The agents show high photocytotoxicity upon irradiation with light and low dark toxicity in different cancer cell lines in 2D culture as well as in 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). The ratio of dark to light toxicity (phototoxic index, PI) of these agents reaches striking values exceeding 830,000 after irradiation with energetically low doses of light at 630 nm. The oxygen-dependent mechanism of action (MOA) of established photosensitizers (PSs) hampers effective clinical deployment of these agents. Under hypoxic conditions (0.2% O2), which are known to limit the efficiency of conventional PSs in solid tumors, photocytotoxicity was induced at the same concentration levels, indicating an oxygen-independent photothermal MOA. With a PI exceeding 360,000 under hypoxic conditions, both PI values are the highest reported to date. We anticipate that small molecule agents with a photothermal MOA, such as the BODIPY-based compounds reported in this work, may overcome this barrier and provide a new avenue to cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Kalt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Veronika Villiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johann Mattiat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Kradolfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Bonmarin
- School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, CH-8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Differences in mitochondrial function between brain and heart of senile rats exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia. Role of nitric oxide. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112100. [PMID: 36690048 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rat brain and heart display different endogenous protective responses against hypobaric hypoxia in an age-dependent way. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH, 48 h) on brain and heart mitochondrial function as well as the participation of nitric oxide (NO) in old rats (22-month old). Cortical mitochondria from rats exposed to HH decreased respiratory rates (37 %, state 3) and membrane potential (20 %), but NO and H2O2 production increased by 48 %, and 23 %, respectively. Hippocampal mitochondria preserved O2 consumption and H2O2 production, decreased membrane potential (18 %) and increased NO production (46 %). By contrast, HH decreased NO production (53 %) in mitochondria from left heart ventricles associated with increased cytochrome oxidase activity (39 %) and decreased NADPH oxidase activity (31 %). Also, a tendency to increase complex I-III (24 %) and complex II-III (65 %) activity was observed. In conclusion, after HH hippocampal and cortical mitochondria showed mild uncoupling and increased NO production. However, only the hippocampus preserved O2 consumption and H2O2 levels. Interestingly, heart mitochondria showed a decreased ROS production through increased cytochrome oxidase activity associated with a decrease in NO production. This may be interpreted as a self-protective mechanism against hypoxia.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sadowska A, Sawicka D, Godlewska K, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Zapora E, Sokołowska E, Car H. Beneficial Proapoptotic Effect of Heterobasidion Annosum Extract in Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031352. [PMID: 36771018 PMCID: PMC9919637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal extracts possess potential anticancer activity against many malignant neoplastic diseases. In this research, we focused on the evaluation of Heterobasidion annosum (HA) extract in colorectal cancer in an in vivo model. The mice with implanted DLD-1 human cancer cells were given HA extract, the referential drug-5-fluorouracil (5FU), or were treated with its combination. Thereafter, tumor volume was measured and apoptotic proteins such as caspase-8, caspase-3, p53, Bcl-2, and survivin were analyzed in mice serum with an ELISA assay. The Ki-67 protein was assessed in tumor cells by immunohistochemical examination. The biggest volumes of tumors were confirmed in the DLD-1 group, while the lowest were observed in the population treated with 5FU and/or HA extract. The assessment of apoptosis showed increased concentrations of caspase 8 and p53 protein after the combined administration of 5FU and HA extract. The levels of survivin and Bcl-2 were decreased in all tested groups compared to the DLD-1 group. Moreover, we observed a positive reaction for Ki-67 protein in all tested groups. Our findings confirm the apoptotic effect of extract given alone or with 5FU. The obtained results are innovative and provide a basis for further research concerning the antitumor activity of the HA extract, especially in the range of its interaction with an anticancer chemotherapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-5554
| | - Diana Sawicka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Godlewska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Haematology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Zapora
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Use, Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Sokołowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vrettou S, Wirth B. S-Glutathionylation and S-Nitrosylation in Mitochondria: Focus on Homeostasis and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415849. [PMID: 36555492 PMCID: PMC9779533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox post-translational modifications are derived from fluctuations in the redox potential and modulate protein function, localization, activity and structure. Amongst the oxidative reversible modifications, the S-glutathionylation of proteins was the first to be characterized as a post-translational modification, which primarily protects proteins from irreversible oxidation. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that S-glutathionylation plays a key role in core cell processes, particularly in mitochondria, which are the main source of reactive oxygen species. S-nitrosylation, another post-translational modification, was identified >150 years ago, but it was re-introduced as a prototype cell-signaling mechanism only recently, one that tightly regulates core processes within the cell’s sub-compartments, especially in mitochondria. S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation are modulated by fluctuations in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and, in turn, orchestrate mitochondrial bioenergetics machinery, morphology, nutrients metabolism and apoptosis. In many neurodegenerative disorders, mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative/nitrosative stresses trigger or exacerbate their pathologies. Despite the substantial amount of research for most of these disorders, there are no successful treatments, while antioxidant supplementation failed in the majority of clinical trials. Herein, we discuss how S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation interfere in mitochondrial homeostasis and how the deregulation of these modifications is associated with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Friedreich’s ataxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Vrettou
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (B.W.)
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (B.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vorotnikov AV, Khapchaev AY, Nickashin AV, Shirinsky VP. In Vitro Modeling of Diabetes Impact on Vascular Endothelium: Are Essentials Engaged to Tune Metabolism? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123181. [PMID: 36551937 PMCID: PMC9775148 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Vascular endothelium is among the first targets to experience blood-borne metabolic alterations, such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. To explore mechanisms of vascular dysfunction and eventual damage brought by these pathologic conditions and to find ways to protect vasculature in diabetic patients, various research approaches are used including in vitro endothelial cell-based models. We present an analysis of the data available from these models that identifies early endothelial cell apoptosis associated with oxidative stress as the major outcome of mimicking hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in vitro. However, the fate of endothelial cells observed in these studies does not closely follow it in vivo where massive endothelial damage occurs mainly in the terminal stages of diabetes and in conjunction with comorbidities. We propose that the discrepancy is likely in missing essentials that should be available to cultured endothelial cells to adjust the metabolic state and withstand the immediate apoptosis. We discuss the role of carnitine, creatine, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in suiting the endothelial metabolism for long-term function in diabetic type milieu in vitro. Engagement of these essentials is anticipated to expand diabetes research options when using endothelial cell-based models.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Z, Yang Y, Han Y, Wang X. Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Senegenin, an Effective Compound Originated From the Roots of Polygala Tenuifolia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937333. [PMID: 35924058 PMCID: PMC9341472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senegenin is the main bioactive ingredient isolated from the dried roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. In recent years, senegenin has been proved to possess a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, enhancement of cognitive function. Besides, it has a good development prospect for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, depression, osteoporosis, cognitive dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and other diseases. However, there is no systematic literature that fully demonstrates the pharmacological effects of senegenin. In order to meet the needs of new drug research and precise medication, this review summarized the neuroprotective effects, mechanisms and gastrointestinal toxicity of senegenin based on the literatures published from the past 2 decades. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the existing problems in the current research as well as the future research directions have been conducted in order to provide a basis for the clinical application of this important plant extract.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu J, Zhang Y, Han L, Guo S, Wu S, Doud EH, Wang C, Chen H, Rubart-von der Lohe M, Wan J, Yang L. Genome-wide analyses reveal the detrimental impacts of SARS-CoV-2 viral gene Orf9c on human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:522-537. [PMID: 35180394 PMCID: PMC8851680 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commonly have manifestations of heart disease. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome encodes 27 proteins. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 gene-induced abnormalities of human heart muscle cells remain elusive. Here, we comprehensively characterized the detrimental effects of a SARS-CoV-2 gene, Orf9c, on human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) by preforming multi-omic analyses. Transcriptomic analyses of hPSC-CMs infected by SARS-CoV-2 with Orf9c overexpression (Orf9cOE) identified concordantly up-regulated genes enriched into stress-related apoptosis and inflammation signaling pathways, and down-regulated CM functional genes. Proteomic analysis revealed enhanced expressions of apoptotic factors, whereas reduced protein factors for ATP synthesis by Orf9cOE. Orf9cOE significantly reduced cellular ATP level, induced apoptosis, and caused electrical dysfunctions of hPSC-CMs. Finally, drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, namely, ivermectin and meclizine, restored ATP levels and ameliorated CM death and functional abnormalities of Orf9cOE hPSC-CMs. Overall, we defined the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental impacts of Orf9c on hPSC-CMs and explored potentially therapeutic approaches to ameliorate Orf9c-induced cardiac injury and abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Emma Helen Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hanying Chen
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael Rubart-von der Lohe
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sukhorukov VS, Voronkova AS, Baranich TI, Gofman AA, Brydun AV, Knyazeva LA, Glinkina VV. Molecular Mechanisms of Interactions between Mitochondria and the Endoplasmic Reticulum: A New Look at How Important Cell Functions are Supported. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Komori K, Usui M, Hatano K, Hori Y, Hirono K, Zhu D, Tokito F, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y, Kimura H. In vitro enzymatic electrochemical monitoring of glucose metabolism and production in rat primary hepatocytes on highly O 2 permeable plates. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 143:107972. [PMID: 34666223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In situ continuous glucose monitoring under physiological culture conditions is imperative in understanding the dynamics of cell and tissue behaviors and their physiological responses since glucose plays an important role in principal source of biological energy. We therefore examined physiologically relevant dynamic changes in glucose levels based on glucose metabolism and production during aerobic culture (10% O2) of rat primary hepatocytes stimulated with insulin or glucagon on a highly O2 permeable plate, which can maintain the oxygen concentration close to the periportal zone of the liver. As glucose monitoring devices, we used oxygen-independent glucose dehydrogenase-modified single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes placed close to the surface of the hepatocytes. The current response of glucose oxidation slightly decreased after the addition of insulin in the presence of glucose due to the acceleration of glucose uptake by the hepatocytes, whereas that significantly increased after the addition of glucagon and fructose even in the absence of glucose due to the conversion of fructose to glucose based on gluconeogenesis. These phenomena might be consistent relatively with the physiological behaviors of hepatocytes in the periportal region. The present monitoring system would be useful for the studies of glucose homeostasis and diabetes in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kikuo Komori
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Kindai University, Takaya-Umenobe, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan; Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Masataka Usui
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohei Hatano
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuma Hori
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Kindai University, Takaya-Umenobe, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - Keita Hirono
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Dongchen Zhu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tokito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stochastic Effects in Retrotransposon Dynamics Revealed by Modeling under Competition for Cellular Resources. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111209. [PMID: 34833085 PMCID: PMC8625273 DOI: 10.3390/life11111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposons are genomic elements that can relocate within a host genome using a ‘cut’- or ‘copy-and-paste’ mechanism. They make up a significant part of many genomes, serve as a driving force for genome evolution, and are linked with Mendelian diseases and cancers. Interactions between two specific retrotransposon types, autonomous (e.g., LINE1/L1) and nonautonomous (e.g., Alu), may lead to fluctuations in the number of these transposons in the genome over multiple cell generations. We developed and examined a simple model of retrotransposon dynamics under conditions where transposon replication machinery competed for cellular resources: namely, free ribosomes and available energy (i.e., ATP molecules). Such competition is likely to occur in stress conditions that a malfunctioning cell may experience as a result of a malignant transformation. The modeling revealed that the number of actively replicating LINE1 and Alu elements in a cell decreases with the increasing competition for resources; however, stochastic effects interfere with this simple trend. We stochastically simulated the transposon dynamics in a cell population and showed that the population splits into pools with drastically different transposon behaviors. The early extinction of active Alu elements resulted in a larger number of LINE1 copies occurring in the first pool, as there was no competition between the two types of transposons in this pool. In the other pool, the competition process remained and the number of L1 copies was kept small. As the level of available resources reached a critical value, both types of dynamics demonstrated an increase in noise levels, and both the period and the amplitude of predator–prey oscillations rose in one of the cell pools. We hypothesized that the presented dynamical effects associated with the impact of the competition for cellular resources inflicted on the dynamics of retrotransposable elements could be used as a characteristic feature to assess a cell state, or to control the transposon activity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie L, Wu Y, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Yang B, Duan X, Li T. Fumonisin B1 induced aggressiveness and infection mechanism of Fusarium proliferatum on banana fruit. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117793. [PMID: 34274647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are increasingly considered as micropollutants in the environment. Fumonisins, as one of the most important mycotoxins, cause potential health threats to humans and animals due to their ubiquitous contamination on cereals, fruit, vegetables and other environmental samples around the world. However, the contribution of fumonisins to the interaction of fungi with plant hosts is not still fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of fumonisin B1 (FB1) on the infection of Fusarium proliferatum on banana fruit and the underlying mechanisms from the host perspective. Our results found that FB1 treatment increased the aggressiveness of F. proliferatum on banana fruit and inhibited the defense ability of banana fruit via decreasing phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) and chitinase (CHI) activities. Meanwhile, FB1 accelerated cell death, indicated by higher relative conductivity, MDA content and higher transcripts of cell death-related genes. FB1 treatment resulted in higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content possibly due to MaRBOHs induction. These consequences accelerated the ROS-dependent cell death, which subsequently result in reduction of disease resistance of banana fruit. Additionally, energy metabolism and MaDORN1s-mediated eATP signaling might involve in FB1-meidiated suppression of banana defense responses. Collectively, results of the current study indicated that FB1 contamination triggered the cell death of banana peel, subsequently instigating the invasion and growth of F. proliferatum on banana fruit. In summary, for the first time, we demonstrated a previously unidentified role of fumonisins as a potential virulence factor of F. proliferatum in modulating fruit defense response, which provides new insight on the biological roles of fumonisins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Zhongshan Customs Technical Center, Zhongshan, 442000, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Programmed cell death in aortic aneurysm and dissection: A potential therapeutic target. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 163:67-80. [PMID: 34597613 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rupture of aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) remains a leading cause of death. Progressive smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss is a crucial feature of AAD that contributes to aortic dysfunction and degeneration, leading to aortic aneurysm, dissection, and, ultimately, rupture. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of SMC loss and identifying pathways that promote SMC death in AAD are critical for developing an effective pharmacologic therapy to prevent aortic destruction and disease progression. Cell death is controlled by programmed cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Although these pathways share common stimuli and triggers, each type of programmed cell death has unique features and activation pathways. A growing body of evidence supports a critical role for programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of AAD, and inhibitors of various types of programmed cell death represent a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the different types of programmed cell death pathways and their features, induction, contributions to AAD development, and therapeutic potential. We also highlight the clinical significance of programmed cell death for further studies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tian N, Hu L, Lu Y, Tong L, Feng M, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhu Y, Wu L, Ji Y, Zhang P, Xu T, Tong X. TKT maintains intestinal ATP production and inhibits apoptosis-induced colitis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:853. [PMID: 34535624 PMCID: PMC8448773 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a close association with transketolase (TKT) that links glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). However, how TKT functions in the intestinal epithelium remains to be elucidated. To address this question, we specifically delete TKT in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IEC TKT-deficient mice are growth retarded and suffer from spontaneous colitis. TKT ablation brings about striking alterations of the intestine, including extensive mucosal erosion, aberrant tight junctions, impaired barrier function, and increased inflammatory cell infiltration. Mechanistically, TKT deficiency significantly accumulates PPP metabolites and decreases glycolytic metabolites, thereby reducing ATP production, which results in excessive apoptosis and defective intestinal barrier. Therefore, our data demonstrate that TKT serves as an essential guardian of intestinal integrity and barrier function as well as a potential therapeutic target for intestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Physiology , Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingning Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ehigie AF, Wei P, Wei T, Yan X, Olorunsogo OO, Ojeniyi FD, Ehigie LO. Momordica charantia L. induces non-apoptotic cell death in human MDA-MB-436 breast and A549 lung cancer cells by disrupting energy metabolism and exacerbating reactive oxygen species' generation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114036. [PMID: 33753145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bitter melon, Momordica charantia L. (MC), is an ethnomedicinal plant cultivated in different climes. It's cytotoxic effect on several cancer cell lines has been evaluated. However, there have been contrasting reports on the actual mechanism (s) involved in the observed cell death induced by MC. AIMS OF THE STUDY To probe the mechanism of cell death induction in MDA-MB-436 (Breast) and A549 (lung) cancer cell lines treated with fractions (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane) derived from the aqueous extract of MC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqeous extract of the leaves of MC were fractionated using solvents of different polarities (ethyl acetate (D3), n-hexane (D4), dichloromethane (D5)). The cells were incubated with 100 and 125 μg/mL of the fractions 24 hours. Combination of fluorescence microscopy, enzyme assays, Western blot analyses and flow cytometry were employed in the study. RESULTS Treatment of the cells with MC fractions reduced Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and intracellular ATP levels, while increasing reactive oxygen species levels without classical biochemical and morphological apoptotic features were seen. However, the fractions failed in upregulating either caspase-3 activation or cytochrome c release in the cancer cells. CONCLUSION Overall, these results suggest that the cytotoxic effect of MC on the selected cancer cells is mediated by loss of mitochondrial function via loss of respiration leading to cell death rather than by the classical release of cytochrome c or caspase-3 activated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Folasade Ehigie
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Peng Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Taotao Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Olufunso O Olorunsogo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Leonard Ona Ehigie
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sukhorukov VS, Mudzhiri NM, Voronkova AS, Baranich TI, Glinkina VV, Illarioshkin SN. Mitochondrial Disorders in Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:667-679. [PMID: 34225590 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. Understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis is constantly expanding. Thus, the increasing attention of researchers is directed to the study of the role of mitochondrial disorders. In addition, in recent years, the concept of Alzheimer's disease as a stress-induced disease has begun to form more and more actively. The stress-induced damage to the neuronal system can trigger a vicious circle of pathological processes, among which mitochondrial dysfunctions have a significant place, since mitochondria represent a substantial component in the anti-stress activity of the cell. The study of mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease is relevant for at least two reasons: first, as important pathogenetic component in this disease; second, due to vital role of mitochondria in formation of the body resistance to various conditions, including stressful ones, throughout the life. This literature review analyzes the results of a number of recent studies assessing potential significance of the mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease. The probable mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders associated with the development of this disease are considered: bioenergetic dysfunctions, changes in mitochondrial DNA (including assessment of the significance of its haplogroup features), disorders in the dynamics of these organelles, oxidative damage to calcium channels, damage to MAM complexes (membranes associated with mitochondria; mitochondria-associated membranes), disruptions of the mitochondrial quality control system, mitochondrial permeability, etc. The issues of the "primary" or "secondary" mitochondrial damage in Alzheimer's disease are discussed. Potentials for the development of new methods for diagnosis and therapy of mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tatiana I Baranich
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Valeria V Glinkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reunov A, Alexandrova Y, Komkova A, Reunova Y, Pimenova E, Vekhova E, Milani L. VASA-induced cytoplasmic localization of CYTB-positive mitochondrial substance occurs by destructive and nondestructive mitochondrial effusion, respectively, in early and late spermatogenic cells of the Manila clam. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:817-825. [PMID: 33580838 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the release of mitochondrial material, a process that is believed to be (i) induced by the VASA protein derived from germplasm granules, and (ii) which appears to play an important role during meiotic differentiation, the localization of the CYTB protein was studied in the process of spermatogenesis of the bivalve mollusk Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam). It was found that in early spermatogenic cells, such as spermatogonia and spermatocytes, the CYTB protein shows dispersion in the cytoplasm following the total disaggregation of VASA-invaded mitochondria, what is called here as "destructive mitochondrial effusion (DME)." It was found that the mitochondria of the maturing sperm cells also uptake VASA. It is accompanied by extramitochondrial transmembrane localization of CYTB assuming mitochondrial content release without mitochondrion demolishing. This phenomenon is called here as "nondestructive mitochondrial effusion (NDME)." Thus, in the spermatogenesis of the Manila clam, two patterns of mitochondrial release, DME and NDME, were found, which function, respectively, in early spermatogenic cells and in maturing spermatozoa. Despite the morphological difference, it is assumed that both DME and NDME have a similar functional nature. In both cases, the intramitochondrial localization of VASA coincides with the extramitochondrial localization of the mitochondrial matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiy Reunov
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada.
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, National Scientific Centre of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.
| | - Yana Alexandrova
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, National Scientific Centre of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Alina Komkova
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, National Scientific Centre of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Yulia Reunova
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, National Scientific Centre of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Evgenia Pimenova
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, National Scientific Centre of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Evgenia Vekhova
- Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, National Scientific Centre of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Anticancer Activity and Apoptosis Induction of Gold(III) Complexes Containing 2,2'-Bipyridine-3,3'-dicarboxylic Acid and Dithiocarbamates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133973. [PMID: 34209921 PMCID: PMC8272064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel gold(III) complexes (1–3) of general composition [Au(Bipydc)(S2CNR2)]Cl2 (Bipydc = 2,2′-bipyridine-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid and R = methyl for dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC), ethyl for diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC), and benzyl for dibenzyldithiocarbamate (DBDTC)) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The spectral results confirmed the presence of both the Bipydc and dithiocarbamate ligands in the complexes. The in vitro cytotoxic studies demonstrated that compounds 1–3 were highly cytotoxic to A549, HeLa, MDA-231, and MCF-7 cancer cells with activities much higher (about 25-fold) than cisplatin. In order to know the possible mode of cell death complex 2, [Au(Bipydc)(DEDTC)]Cl2 was further tested for induction of apoptosis towards the MCF-7 cells. The results indicated that complex 2 induces cell death through apoptosis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Discovery of 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrazoles as anti-trypanosomatid agents: Identification of alterations in flagellar structure of L. amazonensis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105082. [PMID: 34147880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania species are causative agents of Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis, respectively, known as Neglected Tropical Diseases. Up to now, the treatments are inadequate and based on old drugs. Thus, we report herein the discovery of 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrazole derivatives that presented potent and selective inhibition against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis, and epimastigote forms of T. cruzi. The structure-activity relationship led to the identification of three compounds (2m, 2n and 2p) with an in vitro IC50 of 7.4 µM (selective index - SI ≥ 133.0), 3.8 µM (SI in the range of 148.4 to 200.8), and 7.3 µM (SI in the range of 87.2 to 122.4) against L. amazonensis, respectively. Also, those compounds exhibited in vitro IC50 of 9.7 µM (SI ≥ 101.5), 4.5 µM (SI in the range of 125.3 to 169.6) and 17.1 µM (SI in the range of 37.2 to 52.2) against T. cruzi, respectively. A preliminary study about the reaction mechanism in promastigotes showed that 2n caused an increase of the production of ROS and of lipid storage bodies. Furthermore, 2n induced abnormalities in the flagellum that may have an impact on the parasite motility.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sagar S, Kapoor H, Chaudhary N, Roy SS. Cellular and mitochondrial calcium communication in obstructive lung disorders. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:184-199. [PMID: 33766748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling is well known to dictate cellular functioning and fate. In recent years, the accumulation of Ca2+ in the mitochondria has emerged as an important factor in Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD) such as Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Various reports underline an aberrant increase in the intracellular Ca2+, leading to mitochondrial ROS generation, and further activation of the apoptotic pathway in these diseases. Mitochondria contribute to Ca2+ buffering which in turn regulates mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production. Disruption of this Ca2+ balance leads to impaired cellular processes like apoptosis or necrosis and thus contributes to the pathophysiology of airway diseases. This review highlights the key role of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling in regulating CRD, such as asthma and COPD. A better understanding of the dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in these diseases could provide cues for the development of advanced therapeutic interventions in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Sagar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Himanshi Kapoor
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Sinha Roy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Experimental acute arsenic toxicity in Balb/c mice: organic markers and splenic involvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:99-110. [PMID: 33761193 PMCID: PMC8055596 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Arsenic is an environmental toxic present worldwide. In men and animals, various organs and tissues are targets of its deleterious effects including those of the immune system.
Objective: To determine acute arsenic toxicity in tissues and target cells of Balb/c mice using an in vivo methodology.
Materials and methods: We injected Balb/c mice intraperitoneally with 9.5 or 19 mg/kg of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), or an equivalent volume of physiological solution as a control (with 3 per experimental group). After 30 minutes, the animals were sacrificed to obtain spleen, thymus, liver, kidneys, and blood. We determined arsenic, polyphenols, and iron concentrations in each sample and we evaluated the oxidative markers (peroxides, advanced products of protein oxidation, and free sulfhydryl groups). In splenocytes from the spleen, cell viability and mitochondrial potential were also determined.
Results: The exposure to an acute dose of NaAsO2 reduced the mitochondrial function of splenocytes, which resulted in cell death. Simultaneously, the confirmed presence of arsenic in spleen samples and the resulting cytotoxicity occurred with a decrease in polyphenols, free sulfhydryl groups, and an alteration in the content and distribution of iron, but did not increase the production of peroxides.
Conclusion: These findings provide scientific evidence about changes occurring in biomarkers involved in the immunotoxicity of arsenic and offer a methodology for testing possible treatments against the deleterious action of this compound on the immune system.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sruthi S, Nury T, Millot N, Lizard G. Evidence of a non-apoptotic mode of cell death in microglial BV-2 cells exposed to different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12500-12520. [PMID: 33083954 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) possess huge application potential. However, the toxicity of ZnO NPs is a great cause of concern. Indeed, ZnO NPs have been found to cause neurotoxicity. As microglial dysfunctions have been linked to the neurotoxic potential of NPs, the physico-chemical properties of ZnO NPs were determined and their cytotoxic effects were characterised on murine microglial BV-2 cells. In-house prepared and meticulously characterised ZnO NPs exhibited narrow size distribution with an average size of around 20 nm and a zeta potential at physiological pH around 24 mV. ZnO NPs did not exhibit aggregation in the cell culture medium. When microglial BV-2 cells were exposed for 6 and 24 h to ZnO NPs (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/mL), several cell damages were observed. Cellular accumulation of NPs in microglial BV-2 cells was associated with cell growth inhibition and cell death induction, measured by the trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. Mitochondrial dysfunction and lysosomal alteration were associated with increased plasma membrane permeability measured by staining with DiOC6(3), acridine orange, and propidium iodide, respectively. In addition, an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected after staining with dihydroethidium and dihydrorhodamine 123. No apoptotic features were present: no cells with condensed and/or fragmented nuclei (Hoechst staining) characteristic of apoptotic cells, absence of subG1 cells, absence of caspase-3 cleavage, and PARP fragmentation. With ZnO NPs (80 μg/mL), with the annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay, few apoptotic cells (annexin V+/PI- cells) were detected whereas (annexin V+/PI+ cells) evocating necrotic cells were mainly identified. No modification of the cells in the different phases of the cell cycle was found. Altogether, our data show that ZnO NPs induce a non-apoptotic mode of cell death associated with an accumulation of ROS, mitochondrial, and lysosomal dysfunction and plasma membrane damages in microglial BV-2 cells.Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakaran Sruthi
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 012, India
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, 21 078, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Nury
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory Bio-PeroxIL 'Biochemistry of the peroxisome, inflammation and lipid metabolism', EA7270, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21 000, Dijon, France
| | - Nadine Millot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, 21 078, Dijon, France.
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory Bio-PeroxIL 'Biochemistry of the peroxisome, inflammation and lipid metabolism', EA7270, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21 000, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ramzan R, Kadenbach B, Vogt S. Multiple Mechanisms Regulate Eukaryotic Cytochrome C Oxidase. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030514. [PMID: 33671025 PMCID: PMC7997345 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the rate-limiting enzyme of mitochondrial respiration, is regulated by various mechanisms. Its regulation by ATP (adenosine triphosphate) appears of particular importance, since it evolved early during evolution and is still found in cyanobacteria, but not in other bacteria. Therefore the "allosteric ATP inhibition of COX" is described here in more detail. Most regulatory properties of COX are related to "supernumerary" subunits, which are largely absent in bacterial COX. The "allosteric ATP inhibition of COX" was also recently described in intact isolated rat heart mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ramzan
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, D-35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Bernhard Kadenbach
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Sebastian Vogt
- Department of Heart Surgery, Campus Marburg, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abbaszade Z, Bagca BG, Avci CB. Molecular biological investigation of temozolomide and KC7F2 combination in U87MG glioma cell line. Gene 2021; 776:145445. [PMID: 33484758 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastom Multiforme (GBM) is the most invasive and malignant member of the IV grade of the subclass Astrocytoma according to the last assessment of the 2016 WHO report. Due to the resistance to treatment and weak response, as well as the topographical structure of the blood brain barrier, the treatment is also difficult due to the severe clinical manifestation, and new treatment methods and new therapeutic agents are needed. Temozolomide (TMZ) is widely used in the treatment of glioblastoma and is considered as the primary treatment modality. TMZ, a member of the class of cognitive agents, is currently considered the most effective drug because it can easily pass through the blood brain barrier. Glucose metabolism is a complex energy producing machine that, a glucose molecule produces 38 molecules of ATP after full glycolytic catabolism. According to Otto Warburg's numerous studies cancer cells perform the first glycolytic step without entering the mitochondrial step. These cells produce lactic acid and make the micro-media more acidic even in aerobic conditions. This phenomenon is attributed to the Warburg hypothesis and either as aerobic glycolysis. Although glycolysis enzymes are the primary actors of this phenotypic expression, some genetic and epigenetic factors are no exception. We experimentally used KC7F2 active ingredient to target cancer metabolism. In our study, we evaluated cancer metabolism in combination with the effect of TMZ chemotherapeutic agent, examining the effect of two different agents separately and in combination to observe the effects of cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis and expression of metabolism genes on expression. We observed that the combined effect of reduced the effective dose of the TMZ alkylating agent and that the effect was increased and the effect of the combined teraphy is assessed from a metabolic point of view and that it suppresses aerobic glycolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaka Abbaszade
- Kazımdirik, Ege Ünv. Hst. No:9, 35100 Bornova/Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Genc AM, Makia MS, Sinha T, Conley SM, Al-Ubaidi MR, Naash MI. Elimination of a Retinal Riboflavin Binding Protein Exacerbates Degeneration in a Model of Cone-Rod Dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:17. [PMID: 32516403 PMCID: PMC7415289 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Riboflavin and its cofactors are essential for cellular energy generation, responses to oxidative stress, and overall homeostasis. Retbindin is a novel retina-specific riboflavin binding protein essential for the maintenance of retinal flavin levels, but its function remains poorly understood. To further elucidate the function of retbindin in retinal health and disease, we evaluated its role in retinal degeneration in a cone-rod dystrophy model associated with the R172W mutation in the photoreceptor tetraspanin Prph2. Methods We performed structural, functional, and biochemical characterization of R172W-Prph2 mice with and without retbindin (Rtbdn-/-/Prph2R172W). Results Retbindin is significantly upregulated during degeneration in the R172W model, suggesting that retbindin plays a protective role in retinal degenerative diseases. This hypothesis was supported by our findings that R172W mice lacking retbindin (Rtbdn-/-/Prph2R172W) exhibit functional and structural defects in rods and cones that are significantly worse than in controls. Retinal flavin levels were also altered in the Rtbdn-/-/Prph2R172W retina. However, in contrast to the Rtbdn-/- retina which has reduced flavin levels compared to wild-type, Rtbdn-/-/Prph2R172W retinas exhibited elevated levels of riboflavin and the flavin cofactor FMN. Conclusions These results indicate that retbindin plays a protective role during retinal degeneration, but that its function is more complex than previously thought, and suggest a possible role for retbindin in protecting the retina from phototoxicity associated with unbound flavins. This study highlights the essential role of precisely regulated homeostatic mechanisms in photoreceptors, and shows that disruption of this metabolic balance can contribute to the degenerative process associated with other cellular defects.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Chemical compounds induce cytotoxicity by various mechanisms, including interference in membrane integrity, metabolism, cellular component degradation or release, and cell division. Between the classic death pathways, namely, autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis, apoptosis have been in the focus for the last several years as an important pathway for the toxicity of different types of xenobiotics. Because of that, having the tools to evaluate it is key for understanding and explaining the toxicodynamics of different classes of substances. Here, we describe a wide array of classic assays that can be easily implemented to evaluate apoptosis induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Cristina Pereira
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alecsandra Oliveira de Souza
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education of Rondônia-Campus Porto Velho Calama, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- FFCLRP-USP, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raul Ghiraldelli Miranda
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- FFCLRP-USP, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologias Alternativas de Detecção, Avaliação Toxicológica e Remoção de Micropututantes e Radioativos (INCT-DATREM), Unesp, Instituto de Química, Caixa Postal 355, CEP: 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Szkaradkiewicz-Karpińska AK, Szkaradkiewicz A. Effect of exopolysaccharides from cariogenic bacteria on human gingival fibroblasts. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2666-2672. [PMID: 34104099 PMCID: PMC8176186 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.57221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm (dental plaque) plays a key role in caries etiopathogenesis and chronic periodontitis in humans. Dental plaque formation is determined by exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by cariogenic and periopathogenic bacteria. The most frequent cariogenic bacteria include oral streptococci (in particular S. mutans) and lactobacilli (most frequently L. acidophilus). In turn, the dominant periopathogen in periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Development of dental caries is often accompanied with gingivitis constituting the mildest form of periodontal disease. Basic cellular components of the gingiva tissue are fibroblasts the damage of which determines the progression of chronic periodontitis. Due to insufficient knowledge of the direct effect of dental plaque on metabolic activity of the fibroblasts, this work analyses the effect of EPSs produced by S. mutans and L. acidophilus strains (H2O2-producing and H2O2-not producing) on ATP levels in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) and their viability. EPSs produced in 48-hours bacterial cultures were isolated by precipitation method and quantitatively determined by phenol - sulphuric acid assay. ATP levels in HGF-1 were evaluated using a luminescence test, and cell viability was estimated using fluorescence test. The tests have proven that EPS from S. mutans did not affect the levels of ATP in HGF-1. Whereas EPS derived from L. acidophilus strains, irrespective of the tested strain, significantly increased ATP levels in HGF-1. The analysed EPSs did not affect the viability of cells. The tests presented in this work show that EPSs from cariogenic bacteria have no cytotoxic effect on HGF-1. At the same time, the results provide new data indicating that EPSs from selected oral lactobacilli may have stimulating effect on the synthesis of ATP in gingival fibroblasts which increases their energetic potential and takes a protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Szkaradkiewicz-Karpińska
- Department of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry and Preclinical Endodontics, University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szkaradkiewicz
- Institute of Health and Physical Culture, State Higher Vocational School, 64-100 Leszno, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Swerdlow NS, Wilkins HM. Mitophagy and the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249661. [PMID: 33352896 PMCID: PMC7765816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress mechanisms have long been associated with neuronal loss and neurodegenerative diseases. The origin of cell stress and neuronal loss likely stems from multiple pathways. These include (but are not limited to) bioenergetic failure, neuroinflammation, and loss of proteostasis. Cells have adapted compensatory mechanisms to overcome stress and circumvent death. One mechanism is mitophagy. Mitophagy is a form of macroautophagy, were mitochondria and their contents are ubiquitinated, engulfed, and removed through lysosome degradation. Recent studies have implicated mitophagy dysregulation in several neurodegenerative diseases and clinical trials are underway which target mitophagy pathways. Here we review mitophagy pathways, the role of mitophagy in neurodegeneration, potential therapeutics, and the need for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Heather M. Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kadenbach B. Complex IV - The regulatory center of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrion 2020; 58:296-302. [PMID: 33069909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ATP, the universal energy currency in all living cells, is mainly synthesized in mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The final and rate limiting step of the respiratory chain is cytochrome c oxidase (COX) which represents the regulatory center of OXPHOS. COX is regulated through binding of various effectors to its "supernumerary" subunits, by reversible phosphorylation, and by expression of subunit isoforms. Of particular interest is its feedback inhibition by ATP, the final product of OXPHOS. This "allosteric ATP-inhibition" of phosphorylated and dimeric COX maintains a low and healthy mitochondrial membrane potential (relaxed state), and prevents the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) which are known to cause numerous diseases. Excessive work and stress abolish this feedback inhibition of COX by Ca2+-activated dephosphorylation which leads to monomerization and movement of NDUFA4 from complex I to COX with higher rates of COX activity and ATP synthesis (active state) but increased ROS formation and decreased efficiency.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lipophilic Cations Rescue the Growth of Yeast under the Conditions of Glycolysis Overflow. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091345. [PMID: 32962296 PMCID: PMC7563754 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals inducing a mild decrease in the ATP/ADP ratio are considered as caloric restriction mimetics as well as treatments against obesity. Screening for such chemicals in animal model systems requires a lot of time and labor. Here, we present a system for the rapid screening of non-toxic substances causing such a de-energization of cells. We looked for chemicals allowing the growth of yeast lacking trehalose phosphate synthase on a non-fermentable carbon source in the presence of glucose. Under such conditions, the cells cannot grow because the cellular phosphate is mostly being used to phosphorylate the sugars in upper glycolysis, while the biosynthesis of bisphosphoglycerate is blocked. We reasoned that by decreasing the ATP/ADP ratio, one might prevent the phosphorylation of the sugars and also boost bisphosphoglycerate synthesis by providing the substrate, i.e., inorganic phosphate. We confirmed that a complete inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation alleviates the block. As our system includes a non-fermentable carbon source, only the chemicals that did not cause a complete block of mitochondrial ATP synthesis allowed the initial depletion of glucose followed by respiratory growth. Using this system, we found two novel compounds, dodecylmethyl diphenylamine (FS1) and diethyl (tetradecyl) phenyl ammonium bromide (Kor105), which possess a mild membrane-depolarizing activity.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kant S, Kesarwani P, Prabhu A, Graham SF, Buelow KL, Nakano I, Chinnaiyan P. Enhanced fatty acid oxidation provides glioblastoma cells metabolic plasticity to accommodate to its dynamic nutrient microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:253. [PMID: 32312953 PMCID: PMC7170895 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in molecularly characterizing glioblastoma (GBM), metabolic alterations driving its aggressive phenotype are only beginning to be recognized. Integrative cross-platform analysis coupling global metabolomic and gene expression profiling on patient-derived glioma identified fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) as a metabolic node in GBM. We determined that the biologic consequence of enhanced FAO is directly dependent upon tumor microenvironment. FAO serves as a metabolic cue to drive proliferation in a β-HB/GPR109A dependent autocrine manner in nutrient favorable conditions, while providing an efficient, alternate source of ATP only in nutrient unfavorable conditions. Rational combinatorial strategies designed to target these dynamic roles FAO plays in gliomagenesis resulted in necroptosis-mediated metabolic synthetic lethality in GBM. In summary, we identified FAO as a dominant metabolic node in GBM that provides metabolic plasticity, allowing these cells to adapt to their dynamic microenvironment. Combinatorial strategies designed to target these diverse roles FAO plays in gliomagenesis offers therapeutic potential in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Kant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Pravin Kesarwani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Antony Prabhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Department of Metabolomics and Obstetrics/Gynecology, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Katie L Buelow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Prakash Chinnaiyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA. .,Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao Y, Guo Y, Chen Y, Liu S, Wu N, Jia D. Curculigoside attenuates myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury by inhibiting the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1514-1524. [PMID: 32323742 PMCID: PMC7138276 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether curculigoside protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. An in vitro model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was established by culturing H9c2 cells under hypoxic conditions for 12 h, followed by reoxygenation for 1 h. Cell Counting kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were subsequently used to examine cell viability and the degree of cell injury. In addition, isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion to establish a MIRI model. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to measure the infarct size. Furthermore, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate cell apoptosis. The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were assessed. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were performed to investigate the expression levels of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins. Curculigoside pre-treatment significantly improved cell viability, decreased cell apoptosis and LDH activity, and reduced the infarct size and myocardial apoptosis in vitro and ex vivo, respectively. Moreover, curculigoside markedly inhibited MPTP opening and preserved the ΔΨm. In addition, curculigoside significantly decreased the expression of cytochrome c, apoptotic protease activating factor-1, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3. Notably, atractyloside, a known MPTP opener, abrogated the protective effects of curculigoside. On the whole, the present study demonstrated that curculigoside protected against MIRI, potentially by decreasing the levels of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via the inhibition of MPTP opening. Therefore, the results obtained in the present study may provide the theoretical basis for the future clinical application of curculigoside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang L, Wang L, Wei S, Wang X, Shen D. The Effects of (11R)-13-(6-Nitroindazole)-11,13-Dihydroludartin on Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells and Mouse Tumor Xenografts. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920389. [PMID: 32036379 PMCID: PMC7032533 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of the 6-nitroindazole compound and amino analog of ludartin, (11R)-13-(6-nitroindazole)-11,13-dihydroludartin (NDHL), on human prostate carcinoma cells in vitro and in mouse tumor xenografts in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS DU-145 and LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of NDHL. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was measured by fluorescence flow cytometry. Mouse tumor xenografts were created by implanting 2×10⁶ of DU-145 cells subcutaneously in the left flank. On the second day following DU-145 cell implantation, the mice in the treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg of NDHL. RESULTS Treatment of DU-145 and LNCaP cells with NDHL (range, 2.5-20.0 μM) significantly reduced cell proliferation in vitro (P<0.05). The proliferation rate of DU-145 and LNCaP cells was reduced to 27% and 24%, respectively, following treatment with 20.0 μM of NDHL. Treatment with NDHL significantly increased cell apoptosis and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in DU-145 cells at 48 h (P<0.05). NDHL significantly increased the proportion of DU-145 cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and significantly increased the expression of cyclin D1 and p21 (P<0.05). Treatment of the mice in the xenograft tumor model with NDHL significantly increased survival and suppressed tumor growth (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS NDHL inhibited cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest in human prostate carcinoma cells in vitro and inhibited mouse tumor xenograft growth in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longning Wang
- Department of Urology, Bin Zhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Bin Zhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Sen Wei
- Department of Urology, Bin Zhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Urology, Bin Zhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Daqing Shen
- Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mandyam D V, Muthangi S. Survival of silk worm, Bombyx mori in azaserine induced oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 228:108637. [PMID: 31655299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells under stress generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction and stimulates the apoptotic cascade. However, mild stress or pre-conditioning lead to the evasion of apoptosis by activating mitogenic signaling, including the signaling of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), or by inactivating certain apoptotic molecules. The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect which serves as a model organism in biological research. Bombyx mori apoptotic protease inducing factor (BmApaf1), a death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (BmDredd), and BmSurvivin-2 (BmSvv2) are known to play significant roles in metamorphosis. Azaserine is an analogue of glutamine and irreversibly inhibits glutamine-utilizing enzymes and cysteine-glutamate transporter genes EAAT2. In the present study, we experimentally demonstrated stress induced by azaserine along with the capacity of antioxidants to modulate apoptotic/anti-apoptotic gene expression in determining the fate of the larvae. We observed higher larval survival with higher azaserine dosages and attributed this to the quantum of ROS generated and AOEs response, which favoured the BmSvv2 expression. Meanwhile higher levels of ROS with concomitant changes in AOEs were found to be responsible for BmApaf1 and BmDredd expression, which reflected a higher mortality rate.
Collapse
|
40
|
Malla JA, Umesh RM, Vijay A, Mukherjee A, Lahiri M, Talukdar P. Apoptosis-inducing activity of a fluorescent barrel-rosette M +/Cl - channel. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2420-2428. [PMID: 34084406 PMCID: PMC8157539 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic transmembrane ion transport systems are emerging as new tools for anticancer therapy. Here, a series of 2-hydroxy-N 1,N 3-diarylisophthalamide-based fluorescent ion channel-forming compounds are reported. Ion transport studies across large unilamellar vesicles confirmed that the compound with two 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl arms is the most efficient transporter among the series and it facilitates M+/Cl- symport. The compound formed supramolecular ion channels with a single-channel conductance of 100 ± 2 pS, a diameter of 5.06 ± 0.16 Å and a permeability ratio, P Cl- /P K+ , of 8.29 ± 1. The molecular dynamics simulations of the proposed M2.11 channel (i.e. 11 coaxial layers of a dimeric rosette) with K+ and Cl- in the preequilibrated POPC lipid bilayer with water molecules illustrated various aspects of channel formation and ion permeation. Cell viability assay with the designed compounds indicated that cell death is being induced by the individual compounds which follow the order of their ion transport activity and chloride and cations play roles in cell death. The inherent fluorescence of the most active transporter was helpful to monitor its permeation in cells by confocal microscopy. The apoptosis-inducing activity upon perturbation of intracellular ionic homeostasis was established by monitoring mitochondrial membrane depolarization, generation of reactive oxygen species, cytochrome c release, activation of the caspase 9 pathway, and finally the uptake of the propidium iodide dye in the treated MCF7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javid Ahmad Malla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Rintu M Umesh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Amal Vijay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Mayurika Lahiri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Pinaki Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wei H, Lian W, Wang C. 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptanes Induces Apoptosis and Arrests Cell Cycle in Prostate Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920266. [PMID: 31919338 PMCID: PMC6977617 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer, non-cutaneous malignant tumor, is the second common cause of cancer related mortalities in American men and is responsible for 13% of deaths related to cancer. The present study investigated the anti-cancer effects of 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane on LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo in BALB/C nude mice. Material/Methods Reduction of cell viability by 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane was evaluated by sulphorhodamine-B staining and apoptosis onset using annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. The 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate stain was used for assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation while as western blotting for analysis of protein expression. Results The viability of LNCaP and PC3 cells was reduced significantly (P<0.05) by 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane in dose-based manner. At 30 μM of 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane the viability of LNCaP and PC3 cells was reduced to 32 and 28%, respectively. The 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane treatment increased apoptosis in LNCaP cells to 43.31% at 30 μM. The cell cycle in LNCaP cells was arrested in G1 phase on treatment with 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane. The expression of cyclin D1 and p21 proteins was significantly increased by 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane in LNCaP and PC3 cells. The growth of prostate tumor was also suppressed in vivo in mice by 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane treatment. Conclusions In summary, the study demonstrated that LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell viability is suppressed by 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane treatment. The suppression of prostate cancer cell viability by 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane involves apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest and upregulation of p21 expression. Therefore, 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]heptane can be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wei
- Second Department of Urology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wenfeng Lian
- Second Department of Urology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Chong Wang
- First Department of Urology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The Influence of Cell Culture Density on the Cytotoxicity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Induced by L-Ascorbic Acid-2-Phosphate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:104. [PMID: 31919399 PMCID: PMC6952413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (A2-P) is an oxidation-resistant derivative of ascorbic acid that has been widely employed in culturing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for faster expansion and cell sheet formation. While high dose ascorbic acid is known to induce cellular apoptosis via metabolic stress and genotoxic effects, potential cytotoxic effects of A2-P at high concentrations has not been explored. In this study, the relationship between ASC seeding density and A2-P-induced cytotoxicity was investigated. Spheroid-derived ASCs with smaller cellular dimensions were generated to investigate the effect of cell-cell contact on the resistance to A2-P-induced cytotoxicity. Decreased viability of ASC, fibroblast, and spheroid-derived ASC was noted at higher A2-P concentration, and it could be reverted with high seeding density. Compared to control ASCs, spheroid-derived ASCs seeded at the same density exhibited decreased viability in the A2-P-supplemented medium. The expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD1, and SOD2) was enhanced in ASCs at higher seeding densities. However, their enhanced expression in spheroid-derived ASCs was less evident. Furthermore, we found that co-administration of catalase or N-acetylcysteine nullified the observed cytotoxicity. Collectively, A2-P can induce ASC cytotoxicity at higher concentrations, which can be prevented by seeding ASCs at high density or co-administration of another antioxidant.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang L, Guo X, Guo X, Zhang X, Ren J. Decitabine promotes apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes by inducing reactive oxygen species generation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172676. [PMID: 31542488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in ineffective hematopoiesis. Previous studies have reported that decitabine (DAC) plays an essential role in cell cycle arrest and cell death induction in multiple cell types. Nevertheless, the effect of decitabine on mesenchymal stromal cells derived from bone marrow of patients with MDSs is not completely clarified. Here, we explored the apoptotic and anti-proliferative effect of DAC on MSCs isolated from patients with MDSs. Treatment with DAC inhibited cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. We found a positive relationship between cell death triggered by DAC in MSCs and the death receptor family members Fas and FasL mRNA and protein levels (***P < 0.00085), cleaved caspase (-3, -8, and -9) activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential reduction. Additionally, DAC-induced apoptosis was inhibited by Kp7-6, a FasL/Fas antagonist, indicating a crucial role of FasL/Fas, a cell death receptor, in mediating the apoptotic effect of DAC. DAC also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in MSCs derived from MDSs patients (*P = 0.038). Furthermore, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a widely accepted ROS scavenger, efficiently reversed DAC-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation (***P < 0.00051) in mitochondria and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, ROS production was found to be a consequence of caspase activation via caspases inhibition. Our data imply that DAC triggers ROS production in human MSCs, which serves as a crucial factor for mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and DAC induces cell death prior to FasL/Fas stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Jinhai Ren
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Olivares-Marin IK, González-Hernández JC, Madrigal-Perez LA. Resveratrol cytotoxicity is energy-dependent. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13008. [PMID: 31385323 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phytochemical that may promote health. However, it has also been reported to be a toxic compound. The molecular mechanism by which resveratrol acts remains unclear. The inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway appears to be the molecular mechanism of resveratrol. Taking this into account, we propose that the cytotoxic properties of resveratrol depend on the energy (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) availability in the cells. In this regard, in a condition with low energy accessibility, resveratrol could enhance ATP starvation to lethal levels. In contrast, when cells are supplemented with high quantities of energy and resveratrol, the inhibition of OXPHOS might produce a low-energy environment, mimicking the beneficial effects of caloric restriction. This review suggests that investigating a possible complex relationship between caloric intake and the differential effects of resveratrol on OXPHOS may be justified. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A low-calorie diet accompanied by significant levels of resveratrol might modify cellular bioenergetics, which could impact cellular viability and enhance the anti-cancer properties of resveratrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Alberto Madrigal-Perez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Ciudad Hidalgo, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the dietary non-proteinogenic amino acid L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze). Amino Acids 2019; 51:1221-1232. [PMID: 31302779 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the 20 protein amino acids that are vital to human health, hundreds of naturally occurring amino acids, known as non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs), exist and can enter the human food chain. Some NPAAs are toxic through their ability to mimic protein amino acids and this property is utilised by NPAA-containing plants to inhibit the growth of other plants or kill herbivores. The NPAA L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze) enters the food chain through the use of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) by-products as feed in the livestock industry and may also be found in sugar beet by-product fibre supplements. Aze mimics the protein amino acid L-proline and readily misincorporates into proteins. In light of this, we examined the toxicity of Aze to mammalian cells in vitro. We showed decreased viability in Aze-exposed cells with both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. This was accompanied by alterations in endosomal-lysosomal activity, changes to mitochondrial morphology and a significant decline in mitochondrial function. In summary, the results show that Aze exposure can lead to deleterious effects on human neuron-like cells and highlight the importance of monitoring human Aze consumption via the food chain.
Collapse
|
46
|
Rozova EV, Mankovskaya IN, Belosludtseva NV, Khmil NV, Mironova GD. Uridine as a protector against hypoxia-induced lung injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9418. [PMID: 31263219 PMCID: PMC6602925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the activation of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel (mitoKATP) on the ultrastructure of rat lung in acute hypoxic hypoxia (7% of oxygen in nitrogen, exposure 30 min) was studied. It was shown that uridine, a precursor of the mitoKATP activator UDP, exerted a protective effect against hypoxic damage to the lung. The administration of uridine to animals prior to hypoxia decreased the number of mitochondria with altered ultrastructure and prevented the hypoxia-induced mitochondrial swelling. Uridine also protected the epithelial, interstitial and endothelial layers of the air-blood barrier from the hypoxia-induced hyperhydration. The protective action of uridine against hypoxia-induced lung injury was eliminated by the selective blocker of mitoKATP 5-hydroxydecanoate. These data suggest that one of the mechanisms of the positive effect of uridine is related to the activation of the mitoKATP channel, which, according to the literature and our data, is involved in the protection of tissues from hypoxia and leads to adaptation to it. A possible role of uridine in the maintenance of the mitochondrial structure upon hypoxia-induced lung injury and the optimization of oxygen supply of the organism is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Rozova
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogomoletz street 4, 01024, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Irina N Mankovskaya
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogomoletz street 4, 01024, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Natalia V Belosludtseva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya street 3, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Natalya V Khmil
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya street 3, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Galina D Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya street 3, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bjelogrlić SK, Todorović TR, Kojić M, Senćanski M, Nikolić M, Višnjevac A, Araškov J, Miljković M, Muller CD, Filipović NR. Pd(II) complexes with N-heteroaromatic hydrazone ligands: Anticancer activity, in silico and experimental target identification. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110758. [PMID: 31299379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer activity of Pd complexes 1-5 with bidentate N-heteroaromatic hydrazone ligands was investigated on human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1; cells in a suspension) and human mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7; two-dimensional layer and three-dimensional spheroid tumor model) cell lines. For the Pd(II) complexes with condensation products of ethyl hydrazainoacetate and quinoline-8-carboxaldehyde (complex 1) and 2-formylpyridine (complex 3), for which apoptosis was determined as a mechanism of anticancer activity, further investigation revealed that they arrest the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, induce generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibit Topoisomerase I in vitro. In silico studies corroborate experimental findings that these complexes show topoisomerase inhibition activity in the micromolar range and indicate binding to a DNA's minor groove as another potential target. Based on the results obtained by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements, the most active complexes are suitable to be delivered to a blood stream via human serum albumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snežana K Bjelogrlić
- National Cancer Research Center of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Tamara R Todorović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, V. Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Senćanski
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Višnjevac
- Physical Chemistry Division, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jovana Araškov
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Miljković
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, V. Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christian D Muller
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nenad R Filipović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Callizot N, Combes M, Henriques A, Poindron P. Necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, three modes of action of dopaminergic neuron neurotoxins. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215277. [PMID: 31022188 PMCID: PMC6483187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the Parkinson’s disease (PD) cases are sporadic, although several genes are directly related to PD. Several pathways are central in PD pathogenesis: protein aggregation linked to proteasomal impairments, mitochondrial dysfunctions and impairment in dopamine (DA) release. Here we studied the close crossing of mitochondrial dysfunction and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and in the extension in the dopaminergic neuronal death. Here, using rat primary cultures of mesencephalic neurons, we induced the mitochondrial impairments using “DA-toxins” (MPP+, 6OHDA, rotenone). We showed that the DA-Toxins induced dopaminergic cell death through different pathways: caspase-dependent cell death for 6OHDA; MPP+ stimulated caspase-independent cell death, and rotenone activated both pathways. In addition, a decrease in energy production and/or a development of oxidative stress were observed and were linked to α-syn aggregation with generation of Lewy body-like inclusions (found inside and outside the dopaminergic neurons). We demonstrated that any of induced mitochondrial disturbances and processes of death led to α-syn protein aggregation and finally to cell death. Our study depicts the cell death mechanisms taking place in in vitro models of Parkinson’s disease and how mitochondrial dysfunctions is at the cross road of the pathologies of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noëlle Callizot
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuro-Sys SAS, Gardanne, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Maud Combes
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuro-Sys SAS, Gardanne, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
García-Berumen CI, Ortiz-Avila O, Vargas-Vargas MA, Del Rosario-Tamayo BA, Guajardo-López C, Saavedra-Molina A, Rodríguez-Orozco AR, Cortés-Rojo C. The severity of rat liver injury by fructose and high fat depends on the degree of respiratory dysfunction and oxidative stress induced in mitochondria. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:78. [PMID: 30927921 PMCID: PMC6441141 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High fat or fructose induces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accompanied of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Controversy remains about whether fructose or fat is more deleterious for NAFLD development. To get more insights about this issue and to determine if the severity of liver disease induced by fructose or fat is related to degree of mitochondrial dysfunction, we compared the effects of diets containing high fat (HF), fructose (Fr) or high fat plus fructose (HF + Fr) on NAFLD development, mitochondrial function, ROS production and lipid peroxidation. METHODS Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: Control, fed with standard rodent chow; High fat (HF), supplemented with lard and hydrogenated vegetable oil; Fructose (Fr), supplemented with 25% fructose in the drinking water; High fat plus fructose group (HF + Fr), fed with both HF and Fr diets. Rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of diets consumption and the liver was excised for histopathological analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining and for mitochondria isolation. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by measuring both mitochondrial respiration and complex I activity. Lipid peroxidation and ROS production were evaluated in mitochondria by the thiobarbituric acid method and with the fluorescent ROS probe 2,4-H2DCFDA, respectively. RESULTS Fr group underwent the lower degree of both liver damage and mitochondrial dysfunction that manifested like less than 20% of hepatocytes with microvesicular steatosis and partial decrease in state 3 respiration, respectively. HF group displayed an intermediate degree of damage as it showed 40% of hepatocytes with microvesicular steatosis and diminution of both state 3 respiration and complex I activity. HF + Fr group displayed more severe damage as showed microvesicular steatosis in 60% of hepatocytes and inflammation, while mitochondria exhibited fully inhibited state 3 respiration, impaired complex I activity and increased ROS generation. Exacerbation of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was observed in both the Fr and HF + Fr groups. CONCLUSION Severity of liver injury induced by fructose or fat was related to the degree of dysfunction and oxidative damage in mitochondria. Attention should be paid on the serious effects observed in the HF + Fr group as the typical Western diet is rich in both fat and carbohydrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Isabel García-Berumen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Ortiz-Avila
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Clotilde Guajardo-López
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado - ISSSTE, Carr. Morelia-Atapaneo Km 6, Atapaneo, 58300, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Alain Raimundo Rodríguez-Orozco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58020, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dong K, Lei Q, Qi H, Zhang Y, Cui N, Wu X, Xie L, Yan X, Lu T. Amplification of Oxidative Stress in MCF-7 Cells by a Novel pH-Responsive Amphiphilic Micellar System Enhances Anticancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:689-700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuya Lei
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongfei Qi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Cui
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Xie
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaocheng Yan
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|