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Contreras RE, Gruber T, González-García I, Schriever SC, De Angelis M, Mallet N, Bernecker M, Legutko B, Kabra D, Schmidt M, Tschöp MH, Gutierrez-Aguilar R, Mellor J, García-Cáceres C, Pfluger PT. HDAC5 controls a hypothalamic STAT5b-TH axis, the sympathetic activation of ATP-consuming futile cycles and adult-onset obesity in male mice. Mol Metab 2024; 90:102033. [PMID: 39304061 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
With age, metabolic perturbations accumulate to elevate our obesity burden. While age-onset obesity is mostly driven by a sedentary lifestyle and high calorie intake, genetic and epigenetic factors also play a role. Among these, members of the large histone deacetylase (HDAC) family are of particular importance as key metabolic determinants for healthy ageing, or metabolic dysfunction. Here, we aimed to interrogate the role of class 2 family member HDAC5 in controlling systemic metabolism and age-related obesity under non-obesogenic conditions. Starting at 6 months of age, we observed adult-onset obesity in chow-fed male global HDAC5-KO mice, that was accompanied by marked reductions in adrenergic-stimulated ATP-consuming futile cycles, including BAT activity and UCP1 levels, WAT-lipolysis, skeletal muscle, WAT and liver futile creatine and calcium cycles, and ultimately energy expenditure. Female mice did not differ between genotypes. The lower peripheral sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in mature male KO mice was linked to higher dopaminergic neuronal activity within the dorsomedial arcuate nucleus (dmARC) and elevated hypothalamic dopamine levels. Mechanistically, we reveal that hypothalamic HDAC5 acts as co-repressor of STAT5b over the control of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene transactivation, which ultimately orchestrates the activity of dmARH dopaminergic neurons and energy metabolism in male mice under non-obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raian E Contreras
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Neurobiology of Diabetes, TUM School of Medicine & Health, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Tim Gruber
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ismael González-García
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Meri De Angelis
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Noemi Mallet
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Bernecker
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Neurobiology of Diabetes, TUM School of Medicine & Health, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Beata Legutko
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dhiraj Kabra
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Biological Research Pharmacology Department, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Ltd., Vadodara, India
| | - Mathias Schmidt
- Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, TUM School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Gutierrez-Aguilar
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jane Mellor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chronos Therapeutics, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Neurobiology of Diabetes, TUM School of Medicine & Health, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
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Lamanna J, Mazzoleni R, Farina R, Ferro M, Galentino R, Porta M, Malgaroli A. An Observational Longitudinal Study on Seasonal Variations in Tourette Syndrome: Evidence for a Role of Ambient Temperature in Tic Exacerbation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1668. [PMID: 39200133 PMCID: PMC11351247 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a high-incidence neurobehavioral disorder that generally begins in childhood. Several factors play a role in its etiology, including genetic influence and auto-immune activation by streptococcal infections. In general, symptoms subside after the end of adolescence, but, in a significant number of patients, they remain in adulthood. In this study, we evaluated temporal variations in the two core clinical features of TS including tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. An observational longitudinal study lasting 15 months (2017-2019) was conducted on a cohort of 24 people recruited in Milan (Italy) who were diagnosed with a subtype of TS known as obsessive-compulsive tic disorder. Inclusion criteria included a global score of the Yale global tic severity scale (Y-GTSS) > 50, a Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) global score > 15, and TS onset at least one year prior. Y-GTSS and Y-BOCS data were acquired at six time points, together with local environmental data. Tics, but not OCD symptoms, were found to be more severe in spring and summer compared with winter and autumn (p < 0.001). Changes in tics displayed an appreciable oscillation pattern in the same subject and also a clear synchrony among different subjects, indicating an external orchestrating factor. Ambient temperature showed a significant correlation with Y-GTSS measurements (p < 0.001). We argue that the increase in tics observed during hot seasons can be related to increasing ambient temperature. We believe that our results can shed light on the seasonal dynamics of TS symptomatology and provide clues for preventing their worsening over the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Lamanna
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (J.L.); (R.M.); (M.F.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mazzoleni
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (J.L.); (R.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Ramona Farina
- Tourette Center, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, 20157 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (R.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mattia Ferro
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (J.L.); (R.M.); (M.F.)
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud Private University, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Galentino
- Tourette Center, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, 20157 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (R.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mauro Porta
- Tourette Center, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, 20157 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (R.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Antonio Malgaroli
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (J.L.); (R.M.); (M.F.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Clinical Center Tourette Syndrome, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20127 Milan, Italy
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Amin SJ, Aghajan Y, Webb AJ. Clinical experience with bromocriptine for central hyperthermia after brain insult. Brain Inj 2024; 38:652-658. [PMID: 38555516 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2337231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bromocriptine is a dopamine receptor agonist used for central hyperthermia with limited data. We describe our single-center experience utilizing bromocriptine for central hyperthermia, including the population treated, most common dosing regimens, adverse events, and discontinuation reasons. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted screening patients who were admitted to intensive care units for acute neurological insults and administered bromocriptine for central hyperthermia between April 2016 and September 2022. Baseline characteristics, disease severity markers, and bromocriptine doses were collected. Body temperatures prior to the first dose of bromocriptine, at the time of dose, and after each dose were recorded. Co-administration of additional hyperthermia management therapies was noted. RESULTS Thirty patients were included. The most common diagnosis was traumatic brain injury (TBI) (N = 14). The most common reason for discontinuation was resolution of indication (N = 14). Discontinuation due to mild adverse effects occurred in four patients; hepatotoxicity was the most common. There was a paired mean difference of -0.37°C (p = 0.005) between temperatures before and after bromocriptine initiation. CONCLUSION Bromocriptine is a potential therapy for the management of central hyperthermia in patients with severe acute neurologic insults who have failed other therapies. Bromocriptine was well tolerated and associated with a low incidence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneri J Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasmin Aghajan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Andrew J Webb
- Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Haddish K, Yun JW. Echinacoside stimulates myogenesis and ATP-dependent thermogenesis in the skeletal muscle via the activation of D1-like dopaminergic receptors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109886. [PMID: 38215960 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that some natural compounds from plants prevent obesity and related disorders, including the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. In this study, we investigated the effect of echinacoside (ECH), a caffeic acid glycoside from the phenylpropanoid class, on myogenesis and ATP-dependent thermogenesis in the skeletal muscle and its interaction with the dopaminergic receptors 1 and 5 (DRD1 and DRD5). We applied RT-PCR, immunoblot analysis, a staining method, and an assay kit to determine the effects of ECH on diverse target genes and proteins involved in skeletal muscle myogenesis and ATP-consuming futile processes. Our study demonstrated that ECH enhanced myogenic differentiation, glucose, and fatty acid uptake, as well as lipid catabolism, and induced ATP-dependent thermogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ECH upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis proteins, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling as well as thermogenic proteins. These findings were further elucidated by mechanistic studies which showed that ECH mediates myogenesis via the DRD1/5 in C2C12 muscle cells. In addition, ECH stimulates α1-AR-mediated ATP-dependent thermogenesis via the DRD1/5/cAMP/SLN/SERCA1a pathway in C2C12 muscle cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the myogenic and thermogenic potential of ECH activity through the dopaminergic receptors. Understanding the novel functions of ECH in terms of its ability to prevent skeletal muscle loss and energy expenditure via ATP-consuming futile processes could help to develop potential alternative strategies to address muscle-related diseases, including combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiros Haddish
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Santos AVS, Cardoso DS, Takada SH, Echeverry MB. Prenatal exposition to haloperidol: A preclinical narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105470. [PMID: 37984569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Pre-existing maternal mental disorders may affect the early interactions between mother and baby, impacting the child's psychoemotional development. The typical antipsychotic haloperidol can be used during pregnancy, even with some restrictions. Its prescription is not limited to psychotic disorders, but also to other psychiatric conditions of high incidence and prevalence in the woman's fertile period. The present review focused on the preclinical available data regarding the biological and behavioral implications of embryonic exposure to haloperidol. The understanding of the effects of psychotropic drugs during neurodevelopment is important for its clinical aspect since there is limited evidence regarding the risks of antipsychotic drug treatment in pregnant women and their children. Moreover, a better comprehension of the mechanistic events that can be affected by antipsychotic treatment during the critical period of neurodevelopment may offer insights into the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. The findings presented in this review converge to the existence of several risks associated with prenatal exposure to such medication and emphasize the need for further studies regarding its dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Valéria Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Motor Behavior, Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Sterzeck Cardoso
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Bermúdez Echeverry
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Motor Behavior, Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
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Wee J, Tan XR, Gunther SH, Ihsan M, Leow MKS, Tan DSY, Eriksson JG, Lee JKW. Effects of Medications on Heat Loss Capacity in Chronic Disease Patients: Health Implications Amidst Global Warming. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1140-1166. [PMID: 37328294 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological agents used to treat or manage diseases can modify the level of heat strain experienced by chronically ill and elderly patients via different mechanistic pathways. Human thermoregulation is a crucial homeostatic process that maintains body temperature within a narrow range during heat stress through dry (i.e., increasing skin blood flow) and evaporative (i.e., sweating) heat loss, as well as active inhibition of thermogenesis, which is crucial to avoid overheating. Medications can independently and synergistically interact with aging and chronic disease to alter homeostatic responses to rising body temperature during heat stress. This review focuses on the physiologic changes, with specific emphasis on thermolytic processes, associated with medication use during heat stress. The review begins by providing readers with a background of the global chronic disease burden. Human thermoregulation and aging effects are then summarized to give an understanding of the unique physiologic changes faced by older adults. The effects of common chronic diseases on temperature regulation are outlined in the main sections. Physiologic impacts of common medications used to treat these diseases are reviewed in detail, with emphasis on the mechanisms by which these medications alter thermolysis during heat stress. The review concludes by providing perspectives on the need to understand the effects of medication use in hot environments, as well as a summary table of all clinical considerations and research needs of the medications included in this review. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Long-term medications modulate thermoregulatory function, resulting in excess physiological strain and predisposing patients to adverse health outcomes during prolonged exposures to extreme heat during rest and physical work (e.g., exercise). Understanding the medication-specific mechanisms of altered thermoregulation has importance in both clinical and research settings, paving the way for work toward refining current medication prescription recommendations and formulating mitigation strategies for adverse drug effects in the heat in chronically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jericho Wee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Xiang Ren Tan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Samuel H Gunther
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Doreen Su-Yin Tan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
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Haddish K, Yun JW. Dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) negatively regulates UCP1- and ATP-dependent thermogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 muscle cells. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:757-773. [PMID: 37103560 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The activation of beige fat and muscle tissues is an interesting and encouraging target for therapeutic intervention in obesity owing to their remarkable lipolytic activity and energy-consuming futile cycles. This study examined the effect of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) on lipid metabolisms as well as UCP1- and ATP-dependent thermogenesis in Drd4-silenced 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 muscle cells. Silencing of Drd4, followed by quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence, and staining methods, were applied to evaluate the effects of DRD4 on diverse target genes and proteins of both cells. The findings showed that DRD4 was expressed in the adipose and muscle tissues of normal and obese mice. Furthermore, the knockdown of Drd4 upregulated the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes and proteins while downregulating lipogenesis and the adipogenesis marker proteins. Drd4 silencing also upregulated the expression of key signaling molecules involved in ATP-dependent thermogenesis in both cells. This was further elucidated by mechanistic studies showing that a Drd4 knockdown mediates UCP1-dependent thermogenesis via the cAMP/PKA/p38MAPK pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and UCP1-independent thermogenesis via the cAMP/SLN/SERCA2a pathway in C2C12 muscle cells. In addition, siDrd4 also mediates myogenesis via the cAMP/PKA/ERK1/2/Cyclin D3 pathway in C2C12 muscle cells. Silencing of Drd4 promotes β3-AR-dependent browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and α1-AR/SERCA-based thermogenesis through an ATP-consuming futile process in C2C12 muscle cells. Understanding the novel functions of DRD4 on adipose and muscle tissues in terms of its ability to enhance energy expenditure and regulate whole-body energy metabolism will aid in developing novel obesity intervention techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiros Haddish
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Wang Z, Nie Y, Yu S, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Diao J. Consolidation of temperature-dependent toxicity and thermoregulatory behavior into risk assessments of insecticides under thermal scenarios: A prospective study on Eremias argus. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107742. [PMID: 36669286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the temperature-dependent chemical toxicity of three insecticides and the resulting thermoregulatory (TR) behavior of the lizard Eremias argus have been consolidated into the current risk assessment framework. According to acute dermal toxicity assays, an increase of ambient temperature from 15 °C to 35 °C decreased the acute dermal toxicity of beta-cyfluthrin (BC) but increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos (CPF). The toxicity of avermectin (AVM) did not show significant temperature-dependent responses. Based on thermal preference trials, lizards changed their body temperature via TR behavior to adaptively reduce toxicity under sub-lethal doses, which can be understood as a "self-rescue" behavior attenuating lethal effects. However, the risk quotient indicated that the effectiveness of this "self-rescue" behavior is limited. Metabolomics analysis showed that six different metabolites (i.e., creatine, glutamate, succinate, N-acetylaspartate, acetylcholine, and lactate) contributed to TR behavior changes. Biochemical assays and insecticide residue results demonstrated that the temperature-dependent toxicity of BC, CPF, and AVM affected lizards in the three aspects of biotransformation, oxidative stress, and neurometabolic interference. This work clarifies the ecotoxicological impacts of representative insecticides on reptiles from toxicological understanding to risk relevance. This knowledge may improve ecological predictions of agrochemical applications in the context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufan Nie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Simin Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Luyao Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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He M, Hu S, Lu M, Liu R, Li B, Shi B, Liu G. Association between thermal response and endogenous dopamine: Step-change environments in winter. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103447. [PMID: 36796902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Temperature step change is the typical transient thermal environment. The purpose of this study was to explore the association of subjective and objective parameters in a step-change environment, including thermal sensation vote (TSV), thermal comfort vote (TCV), mean skin temperature (MST) and endogenous dopamine (DA). Three temperature step changes defined as I3 (15 °C-18 °C to 15 °C), I9 (15 °C-24 °C to 15 °C) and I15 (15 °C-30 °C to 15 °C) were designed for this experiment. Eight male and eight female healthy subjects who participated in the experiment reported thermal perception (TSV and TCV). Skin temperatures of six body parts and DA were measured. Results show that the inverted U-shaped in TSV and TCV was deviated by seasonal factors of the experiment. The deviation direction of TSV in winter was to the warm sensation side, which was opposite to the inherent cold and hot impression of people in winter and summer. The association between dimensionless dopamine (DA*), TSV and MST were described as follows: DA* was the U-shaped change with exposure times when MST was not greater than 31 °C, and TSV was at -2 and -1, and DA* increased with exposure times when MST was greater than 31 °C, and TSV was at 0, 1 and 2. The changes in the body heat storage and autonomous thermal regulation under temperature step changes may potentially be related to the concentration of DA. The human state on thermal nonequilibrium and stronger thermal regulation would correspond to a higher concentration of DA. This work is conducive to exploring the human regulation mechanism in a transient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan He
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Songtao Hu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Mingli Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Rujin Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Li
- Qingdao International Airport Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoshan Shi
- Qingdao International Airport Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Guodan Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
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10
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Plasma Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines Are Associated with the Female but Not Male Adolescent Swimmer's Performance: An Integration between Mass Spectrometry and Complex Network Approaches. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121734. [PMID: 36552244 PMCID: PMC9774704 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to compare the performance over different distances, the critical velocity (CV), and plasma acylcarnitines/amino acids of male and female adolescent swimmers. Moreover, we applied the complex network approach to identify which molecules are associated with athletes' performances. On the first day under a controlled environment, blood samples were collected after 12 h of overnight fasting. Performance trials (100, 200, 400, and 800-m) were randomly performed in the subsequent four days in a swimming pool, and CV was determined by linear distance versus time mathematical function. Metabolomic analyses were carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer performing electrospray ionization in the positive ionization mode. No difference was observed between the performance of male and female swimmers. Except for 200-m distance (p = 0.08), plasma tyrosine was positively and significantly associated with the female times during the trials (100-m, p = 0.04; 400-m, p = 0.04; 800-m, p = 0.02), and inversely associated with the CV (p = 0.02). The complex network approach showed that glycine (0.406), glutamine (0.400), arginine (0.335), free carnitine (0.355), tryptophan (0.289), and histidine (0.271) were the most influential nodes to reach tyrosine. These results revealed a thread that must be explored in further randomized/controlled designs, improving the knowledge surrounding nutrition and the performance of adolescent swimmers.
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Grant AD, Erickson EN. Birth, love, and fear: Physiological networks from pregnancy to parenthood. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2022; 11:100138. [PMID: 35757173 PMCID: PMC9227990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and childbirth are among the most dramatic physiological and emotional transformations of a lifetime. Despite their central importance to human survival, many gaps remain in our understanding of the temporal progression of and mechanisms underlying the transition to new parenthood. The goal of this paper is to outline the physiological and emotional development of the maternal-infant dyad from late pregnancy to the postpartum period, and to provide a framework to investigate this development using non-invasive timeseries. We focus on the interaction among neuroendocrine, emotional, and autonomic outputs in the context of late pregnancy, parturition, and post-partum. We then propose that coupled dynamics in these outputs can be leveraged to map both physiologic and pathologic pregnancy, parturition, and parenthood. This approach could address gaps in our knowledge and enable early detection or prediction of problems, with both personalized depth and broad population scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azure D. Grant
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
- Levels Health Inc., 228 Park Ave. South, PMB 63877, New York, NY, 10003, United States
| | - Elise N. Erickson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
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12
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Lin J, Ou R, Wei Q, Cao B, Li C, Hou Y, Zhang L, Liu K, Shang H. Hyperhidrosis in Parkinson's disease: a 3‐year prospective cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1104-1112. [PMID: 35279891 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Lin
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Kuncheng Liu
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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Brizuela M, Antipov A, Blessing WW, Ootsuka Y. Activating dopamine D2 receptors reduces brown adipose tissue thermogenesis induced by psychological stress and by activation of the lateral habenula. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19512. [PMID: 31862967 PMCID: PMC6925140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional hyperthermia is the increase in body temperature that occurs as a response to an animal detecting a salient, survival-relevant stimulus. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, controlled via its sympathetic innervation, contributes to this temperature increase. Here, we have used an intruder rat experimental model to determine whether quinpirole-mediated activation of dopamine D2 receptors attenuates emotional hyperthermia in conscious rats. In anesthetized rats, we determined whether systemic quinpirole reduces BAT nerve discharge induced by activation of the medullary raphé and the lateral habenula (LHb). We measured BAT and body temperature with chronically implanted thermistors in conscious, freely moving, individually housed, male rats (resident rats). Either vehicle or quinpirole was administered, intraperitoneally, to the resident rat 30 min before introduction of a caged intruder rat. Quinpirole, in a dose-dependent manner, reduced intruder-elicited increases in BAT and body temperature. Pre-treatment with the D2 antagonist spiperone, but not the selective D1 antagonist SCH-23390, prevented this quinpirole-elicited decrease. In anesthetized rats, quinpirole abolished BAT sympathetic nerve discharge elicited by bicuculline-mediated activation of the LHb, but not the medullary raphé. Thus, activation of dopamine D2 receptors reduces the BAT thermogenesis that contributes to emotional hyperthermia. We provide evidence that these dopamine D2 receptors are located in the thermogenic pathway between the LHb and the lower brainstem pre-sympathetic control centre in the medullary raphé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brizuela
- Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna Antipov
- Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - William W Blessing
- Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Youichirou Ootsuka
- Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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14
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Neuropsychiatric implications of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels in the reward system. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104545. [PMID: 31494132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) exert a devastating impact on an individual's personal and social well-being, encompassing various conditions and brain anomalies that influence affect, cognition, and behavior. Because the pathophysiology of NPDs is multifactorial, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of such disorders remain unclear, representing a unique challenge in current neuropsychopharmacotherapy. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) type channels are a family of ligand-gated ion channels that mainly include sensory receptors that respond to thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli. TRPV channels are abundantly present in dopaminergic neurons, thus playing a pivotal role in the modulation of the reward system and in pathophysiology of diseases such as stress, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative disorders and substance abuse/addiction. Recent evidence has highlighted TRPV channels as potential targets for understanding modulation of the reward system and various forms of addiction (opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, alcohol, nicotine, cannabis). In this review, we discuss the distribution, physiological roles, ligands and therapeutic importance of TRPV channels with regard to NPDs and addiction biology.
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15
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Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Induced Antidepressant-Like Effect in Ovariectomized Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5815604. [PMID: 31380432 PMCID: PMC6657632 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5815604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai extract (SQE) or dwarf bamboo has been extensively investigated for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, no previous study assessed its effect as an antidepressant agent. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effect of oral SQE administration in ameliorating menopausal depressive symptoms and to evaluate its mechanisms in ovariectomized rats with repeated stress. Methods All experimental groups except normal group underwent ovariectomy and then immobilization for 14 consecutive days. During these 2 weeks, two rat groups received SQE (100 and 300 mg/kg orally) and their cutaneous body temperature was measured. The tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) were performed in order to evaluate depression-like behavior. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were carried out to evaluate the central monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels and activity. Results Oral SQE (100 mg/kg) administration had reduced immobility time in TST and FST. Additionally, the SQE 100 and 300 mg/kg administration had decreased the cutaneous body temperature in the rats compared to those without treatment. In ELISA analysis, the SQE 100 group expressed elevated levels of serotonin and dopamine in the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Antityrosine hydroxylase (anti-TH) antibodies showed a tremendous increase in the density of TH positive cells in the locus coeruleus (LC) region of the SQE 100 group. Likewise, the SQE 100 elevated the number of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and protein kinase C (PKC) immunoreactive cell counts and density in the hypothalamic region. Conclusion These results suggested that the oral SQE administration induced the antidepressant-like effect in the ovariectomized rats with repeated stress via upregulating the levels of serotonin and dopamine through enhancing the expression of TH, TPH, and PKC in many brain areas.
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Kim NJ, Ryu Y, Lee BH, Chang S, Fan Y, Gwak YS, Yang CH, Bills KB, Steffensen SC, Koo JS, Jang EY, Kim HY. Acupuncture inhibition of methamphetamine-induced behaviors, dopamine release and hyperthermia in the nucleus accumbens: mediation of group II mGluR. Addict Biol 2019; 24:206-217. [PMID: 29363229 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) increases metabolic neuronal activity in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system and mediates the reinforcing effect. To explore the underlying mechanism of acupuncture intervention in reducing METH-induced behaviors, we investigated the effect of acupuncture on locomotor activity, ultrasonic vocalizations, extracellular DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcs) using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and alterations of brain temperature (an indicator of local brain metabolic activity) produced by METH administration. When acupuncture was applied to HT7, but not TE4, both locomotor activity and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations were suppressed in METH-treated rats. Acupuncture at HT7 attenuated the enhancement of electrically stimulated DA release in the NAc of METH-treated rats. Systemic injection of METH produced a sustained increase in NAc temperature, which was reversed by the DA D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 or acupuncture at HT7. Acupuncture inhibition of METH-induced NAc temperature was prevented by pre-treatment with a group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) antagonist EGLU into the NAc or mimicked by injection of an mGluR2/3 agonist DCG-IV into the NAc. These results suggest that acupuncture reduces extracellular DA release and metabolic neuronal activity in the NAc through activation of mGluR2/3 and suppresses METH-induced affective states and locomotor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Jun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Daegu Haany University; Daegu Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- Acupuncture, Moxibustion & Meridian Research Center, Division of Standard Research; Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine; Daejeon Korea
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Daegu Haany University; Daegu Korea
| | - Suchan Chang
- College of Korean Medicine; Daegu Haany University; Daegu Korea
| | - Yu Fan
- College of Korean Medicine; Daegu Haany University; Daegu Korea
| | - Young S. Gwak
- College of Korean Medicine; Daegu Haany University; Daegu Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Korean Medicine; Daegu Haany University; Daegu Korea
| | - Kyle B. Bills
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience; Brigham Young University; Provo UT USA
| | - Scott C. Steffensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience; Brigham Young University; Provo UT USA
| | - Jin Suk Koo
- Department of Bioresource Science; Andong National University; Andong Korea
| | - Eun Young Jang
- College of Korean Medicine; Daegu Haany University; Daegu Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Daegu Haany University; Daegu Korea
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Chen SF, Chuang CY, Chao CC, Yang YH, Chu CY, Yao CY, Su YC, Huang YH, Liao RM. Task-Dependent Differences in Operant Behaviors of Rats With Acute Exposure to High Ambient Temperature: A Potential Role of Hippocampal Dopamine Reuptake Transporters. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:15. [PMID: 30778291 PMCID: PMC6369190 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral or cognitive functions are known to be influenced by thermal stress from the change in ambient temperature (Ta). However, little is known about how increased Ta (i.e., when the weather becomes warm or hot) may affect operant conditioned behavior and the neural substrates involved. The present study thus investigated the effects of high Ta on operant behaviors maintained on a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) and a differential reinforcement for low-rate responding 10 s (DRL 10-s) schedule of reinforcement. The rats were randomly assigned to three groups receiving acute exposure to Ta of 23°C, 28°C, and 35°C, respectively, for evaluating the effects of high Ta exposure on four behavioral tests. Behavioral responses in an elevated T-maze and locomotor activity were not affected by Ta treatment. Regarding operant tests, while the total responses of FR1 behavior were decreased only under 35°C when compared with the control group of 23°C, those of DRL 10-s behavior were significantly reduced in both groups of 28°C and 35°C. Distinct patterns of inter-response time (IRT) distribution of DRL behavior appeared among the three groups; between-group differences of behavioral changes produced by high Ta exposure were confirmed by quantitative analyses of IRT data. Western blot assays of dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptor, DA transporter (DAT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were conducted for the sample tissues collected in six brain areas from all the subjects after acute high Ta exposure. Significant Ta-related effects were only revealed in the dorsal hippocampus (dHIP). In which, the DAT levels were increased in a Ta-dependent fashion that was associated with operant behavior changes under high Ta exposure. And, there as an increased level of D1 receptors in the 28°C group. In summary, these data indicate that the performance of operant behavior affected by the present high Ta exposure is task-dependent, and these changes of operant behaviors cannot be attributed to gross motor function or anxiety being affected. The regulation of dHIP DAT may be involved in this operant behavioral change under high Ta exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Fu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Yu Chuang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chang Chao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yun Chu
- Affiliated High School, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yu Yao
- Affiliated High School, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Su
- Affiliated High School, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Huei Huang
- Affiliated High School, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Ming Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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The Antidepressant-Like Effect of Lactate in an Animal Model of Menopausal Depression. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6040108. [PMID: 30469388 PMCID: PMC6316721 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of lactate and elucidate its mechanisms in ovariectomized rats with repeated stress. METHODS Two experiments were conducted on female rats in which all groups, except normal, were ovariectomized and underwent immobilization for 14 days. Lactate was administered orally (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days, and the rats' cutaneous body temperature was measured during the same period. Depression-like behavior in rats was assessed by the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were conducted to evaluate the changes that occurred in the neurotransmitter levels and activity. RESULTS The lactate 100 and 250 groups had reduced time spent immobile in TST and FST and decreased peripheral body temperature. In ELISA tests, the lactate 250 group expressed elevated levels of serotonin and dopamine in many brain areas. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and protein kinase C (PKC) immunoreactive cells showed increased density and cell counts in lactate administered groups. CONCLUSION Results indicated that lactate has an antidepressant effect that is achieved by activation of PKC and upregulation of TH and TPH expression, which eventually leads to enhanced serotonin and dopamine levels in the menopausal rat's brain.
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20
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Lõhmus M. Possible Biological Mechanisms Linking Mental Health and Heat-A Contemplative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071515. [PMID: 30021956 PMCID: PMC6068666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review provides examples of possible biological mechanisms that could, at least partly, explain the existing epidemiological evidence of heatwave-related exacerbation of mental disease morbidity. The author reviews the complicated central processes involved in the challenge of maintaining a stable body temperature in hot environments, and the maladaptive effects of certain psychiatric medicines on thermoregulation. In addition, the author discusses some alternative mechanisms, such as interrupted functional brain connectivity and the effect of disrupted sleep, which may further increase the vulnerability of mental health patients during heatwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mare Lõhmus
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Solnavägen 4, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 17177 Solna, Sweden.
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Beyer C, Cappetta K, Johnson JA, Bloch MH. Meta-analysis: Risk of hyperhidrosis with second-generation antidepressants. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:1134-1146. [PMID: 28881483 DOI: 10.1002/da.22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to quantify the risk of hyperhidrosis associated with commonly used antidepressant agents and examine the impact of medication class, pharmacodynamics, and dose on risk of hyperhidrosis. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search to identify all double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials examining the efficacy of second-generation antidepressant medications in the treatment of adults with a depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. We used a random-effects meta-analysis to examine the pooled risk ratio of hyperhidrosis reported as a side effect in adults treated with second-generation antidepressants compared to placebo. We used stratified subgroup analysis and metaregression to examine the effects of medication type, class, dosage, indication, and receptor affinity profile on the measured risk of hyperhidrosis. RESULTS We identified 76 trials involving 28,544 subjects. There was no significant difference in the risk of hyperhidrosis between serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) [risk ratio (RR) = 3.17, 95% CI: 2.63-3.82] and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) (RR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.46-3.47) medications compared to placebo. All antidepressant medications were associated with a significantly increased risk of hyperhidrosis except fluvoxamine (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.12-2.53), bupropion (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.57-2.67), and vortioxetine (RR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.79-2.33). The dose of SSRI/SNRI medications was not significantly associated with the risk of hyperhidrosis. Increased risk of hyperhidrosis was associated with increased affinity of SSRI/SNRI medications to the dopamine transporter. CONCLUSION Risk of hyperhidrosis was significantly increased with most antidepressant medications but was associated with dopamine transporter affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Beyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Jessica A Johnson
- Child Study Centre, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael H Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Stevens CJ, Bennett KJ, Sculley DV, Callister R, Taylor L, Dascombe BJ. A Comparison of Mixed-Method Cooling Interventions on Preloaded Running Performance in the Heat. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:620-629. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Scahill L, Lombroso PJ, Mack G, Van Wattum PJ, Zhang H, Vitale A, Leckman JF. Thermal Sensitivity in Tourette Syndrome: Preliminary Report. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 92:419-32. [PMID: 11361302 DOI: 10.2466/pms.2001.92.2.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of heat on tic symptoms were studied in a sample of 78 adults with Tourette syndrome. 62 men and 16 women completed a survey concerning the type, onset, and course of their tics. 10 adult male subjects also participated in a thermal challenge during which ambient temperature was raised from 22°C to 35°C following a control period. Of the 78, 24% or 19 reported increased tics upon exposure to heat. Compared to the remaining 59 subjects, there were no differences in sex distribution, current age, or overall course of illness. In the thermal challenge, there was general increase in tics that was correlated with sweat rate ( r = .55, p=.001). This effect was prominent in 5 of 10 subjects ( rs = .29 to .63). There were no mean differences in current age, age of onset, or current severity of symptoms between the five subjects of each group. Tic symptoms in a subgroup of patients with Tourette syndrome may be sensitive to heat. Abnormal heat regulation is not a likely explanation for the observed increase in tics. The increase may be due to normal heat-loss mechanisms through dopaminergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Scahill
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06520-7900, USA
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Zheng X, Hasegawa H. Central dopaminergic neurotransmission plays an important role in thermoregulation and performance during endurance exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 2015; 16:818-28. [PMID: 26581447 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) has been widely investigated for its potential role in determining exercise performance. It was originally thought that DA's ergogenic effect was by mediating psychological responses. Recently, some studies have also suggested that DA may regulate physiological responses, such as thermoregulation. Hyperthermia has been demonstrated as an important limiting factor during endurance exercise. DA is prominent in the thermoregulatory centre, and changes in DA concentration have been shown to affect core temperature regulation during exercise. Some studies have proposed that DA or DA/noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitors can improve exercise performance, despite hyperthermia during exercise in the heat. DA/NA reuptake inhibitors also increase catecholamine release in the thermoregulatory centre. Intracerebroventricularly injected DA has been shown to improve exercise performance through inhibiting hyperthermia-induced fatigue, even at normal ambient temperatures. Further, caffeine has been reported to increase DA release in the thermoregulatory centre and improves endurance exercise performance despite increased core body temperature. Taken together, DA has been shown to have ergogenic effects and increase heat storage and hyperthermia tolerance. The mechanisms underlying these effects seem to involve limiting/overriding the inhibitory signals from the central nervous system that result in cessation of exercise due to hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zheng
- a Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University , Higashihiroshima , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- a Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University , Higashihiroshima , Japan
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Schwartz PJ. Can the season of birth risk factor for schizophrenia be prevented by bright light treatment for the second trimester mother around the winter solstice? Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:809-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Effects of heat acclimation on time perception. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 95:261-9. [PMID: 25451787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive performance is impaired during prolonged exercise in hot environment compared to temperate conditions. These effects are related to both peripheral markers of heats stress and alterations in CNS functioning. Repeated-exposure to heat stress results in physiological adaptations, and therefore improvement in exercise capacity and cognitive functioning are observed. The objective of the current study was to clarify the factors contributing to time perception under heat stress and examine the effect of heat acclimation. 20 young healthy male subjects completed three exercise tests on a treadmill: H1 (at 60% VO(2)peak until exhaustion at 42°C), N (at 22°C; duration equal to H1) and H2 (walk until exhaustion at 42°C) following a 10-day heat acclimation program. Core temperature (T(C)) and heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived fatigue and exertion were obtained continuously during the exercise, and blood samples of hormones were taken before, during and after the exercise test for estimating the prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol response to acute exercise-heat stress. Interval production task was performed before, during and after the exercise test. Lower rate of rise in core temperature, heart rate, hormone response and subjective ratings indicated that the subjects had successfully acclimated. Before heat acclimation, significant distortions in produced intervals occurred after 60 minutes of exercise relative to pre-trial coefficients, indicating speeded temporal processing. However, this effect was absent after in acclimated subjects. Blood prolactin concentration predicted temporal performance in both conditions. Heat acclimation slows down the increase in physiological measures, and improvement in temporal processing is also evident. The results are explained within the internal clock model in terms of the pacemaker-accumulator functioning.
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Methamphetamine and core temperature in the rat: ambient temperature, dose, and the effect of a D2 receptor blocker. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 228:551-61. [PMID: 23732837 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Methamphetamine (METH) induces hyperthermia in warm and hypothermia in cool environments. Our first goal was to further study the role of ambient temperature in METH's effect on core temperature in rats. Previously, these effects were primarily demonstrated in high doses; we extended this investigation to the low-dose range (1 mg/kg METH). Our second goal was to identify the role of the D2 receptor in METH's effects in cool ambient temperatures. METHOD Rats received METH (saline, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), raclopride (saline, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg), or a combination (all doses of raclopride combined with 10 mg/kg METH). Treatments occurred in ambient temperatures of 18, 24, or 30 °C. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior research, 5 and 10 mg/kg METH caused hyperthermia or hypothermia in a dose- and ambient temperature-dependent manner (60 min after METH). In contrast, 1 mg/kg produced similar levels of hyperthermia at all ambient temperatures. These findings suggest that a threshold METH dose exists; below this dose, METH still changes core temperature, but CNS control over temperature regulation is left intact. In our experiments regarding D2 blockade, raclopride decreased METH-induced core temperature at 30 and 24 °C (60 min after METH), consistent with previous findings. We extended these findings by demonstrating that in a cool ambient temperature (18 °C), raclopride pretreatment also lowered the core temperature response to METH. Although the D2 receptor is known to mediate hypothermia, the combination of METH and D2 blockade suggests a complex mediation of the core temperature response, perhaps involving neurotransmitter interactions.
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Diwadkar VA, Murphy ER, Freedman RR. Temporal sequencing of brain activations during naturally occurring thermoregulatory events. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:3006-13. [PMID: 23787950 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoregulatory events are associated with activity in the constituents of the spinothalamic tract. Whereas studies have assessed activity within constituents of this pathway, in vivo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have not determined if neuronal activity in the constituents of the tract is temporally ordered. Ordered activity would be expected in naturally occurring thermal events, such as menopausal hot flashes (HFs), which occur in physiological sequence. The origins of HFs may lie in brainstem structures where neuronal activity may occur earlier than in interoceptive centers, such as the insula and the prefrontal cortex. To study such time ordering, we conducted blood oxygen level-dependent-based fMRI in a group of postmenopausal women to measure neuronal activity in the brainstem, insula, and prefrontal cortex around the onset of an HF (detected using synchronously acquired skin conductance responses). Rise in brainstem activity occurred before the detectable onset of an HF. Activity in the insular and prefrontal trailed that in the brainstem, appearing following the onset of the HF. Additional activations associated with HF's were observed in the anterior cingulate cortex and the basal ganglia. Pre-HF brainstem responses may reflect the functional origins of internal thermoregulatory events. By comparison insular, prefrontal and striatal activity may be associated with the phenomenological correlates of HFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA and
| | - Eric R Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA and
| | - Robert R Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, C.S. Mott Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Martino D, Macerollo A, Leckman JF. Neuroendocrine aspects of Tourette syndrome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 112:239-79. [PMID: 24295624 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411546-0.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is sparse evidence suggesting the participation of neuroendocrine mechanisms, mainly involving sex and stress steroid hormones, to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as Tourette syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Patients with TS exhibit a sex-specific variability in gender distribution (male/female ratio=3-4/1) and in its natural history, with a severity peak in the period around puberty. The administration of exogenous androgens may worsen tics in males with TS, whereas drugs counteracting the action of testosterone might show some antitic efficacy. This suggests a higher susceptibility of patients with TS to androgen steroids. There are insufficient data on the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in TS. However, preliminary evidence suggests that a subgroup of women with TS might be more sensitive to the premenstrual trough of estrogen levels. Patients with TS exhibit differences in a number of behavioral, cognitive, and anatomical traits that appear to be sex related. There is a body of evidence supporting, albeit indirectly, the hypothesis of an increased exposure to androgenic steroids during the very early phases of neural development. Animal models in rodents suggest a complex role of gonadal hormones upon the modulation of anxiety-related and stereotyped behaviors during adult life. Patients with TS exhibit an enhanced reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to external stressors, despite a preserved diurnal cortisol rhythm and a normal restoration of the baseline activity of the axis following the acute stress response. Preliminary evidence suggests the possible implication of oxytocin (OT) in disorders related to the TS spectrum, especially non-tic-related OCD. The injection of OT in the amygdala of rodents was shown to be able to induce hypergrooming, suggesting the possible involvement of this neuropeptide in the pathophysiology of complex, stereotyped behaviors. In contrast, there is anecdotal clinical evidence that tics improve following periods of affectionate touch and sexual intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Martino
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Purdie GL, Purdie DJ, Harrison AA. Raynaud's phenomenon in medical laboratory workers who work with solvents. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:1940-6. [PMID: 21677001 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there is an association between Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and exposure to organic solvents in laboratory workers. METHODS Technicians, scientists, and laboratory assistants working in histology, cytology, and transfusion medicine were surveyed about their use of solvents, particularly xylene and toluene, and about symptoms of RP. There were 341 responses. OR for having worked with solvents were calculated with logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS Laboratory workers who had worked with solvents had higher rates of severe RP, particularly those who had worked with xylene or toluene and either acetone (OR 8.8, 95% CI 1.9-41.1), or chlorinated solvents (OR 8.9, 95% CI 1.9-41.6), xylene or toluene and acetone compared to those who had worked with xylene or toluene but not acetone (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.2-16.2), and similarly for chlorinated solvents (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.2-16.3). RP symptoms occurring in the absence of cold exposure were more frequent for those who had worked with any solvent (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-10.5) and just xylene or toluene (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.3). Associations were also seen between increasing exposure to xylene or toluene and severe RP (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.7, per 10 years) and with symptoms occurring in the absence of cold exposure (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.5, per 10 years). CONCLUSION We found that exposure to solvents may be associated with the development of RP, supporting previous work indicating that solvent exposure may be an etiological factor in systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon L Purdie
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, PO Box 7343, Wellington South, New Zealand.
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Schwartz PJ. Season of birth in schizophrenia: A maternal–fetal chronobiological hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:785-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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TRP Channels and Psychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 704:987-1009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Closon C, Didone V, Tirelli E, Quertemont E. Acetaldehyde and the hypothermic effects of ethanol in mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:2005-14. [PMID: 19719790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, has been suggested to be involved in many behavioral effects of ethanol. However, few studies have investigated the hypothermic effects of acetaldehyde or the contribution of acetaldehyde to ethanol-induced hypothermia. The aim of the present study is to better understand the hypothermic effects of acetaldehyde and the possible contribution of acetaldehyde in ethanol-induced hypothermia, especially under conditions leading to acetaldehyde accumulation. METHODS Female Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with ethanol and acetaldehyde and their rectal temperatures were measured with a digital thermometer at various time points after the injections. Experiment 1 compared the hypothermic effects of various acetaldehyde doses (0 to 300 mg/kg) with a reference dose of ethanol (3 g/kg). Experiment 2 tested the effects of a pretreatment with the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor cyanamide (25 mg/kg) on ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced hypothermia. In experiments 3 and 4, mice received a combined pretreatment with cyanamide and the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor 4-Methylpyrazole (10 mg/kg) before the injection of ethanol or acetaldehyde. RESULTS Acetaldehyde at doses between 100 and 300 mg/kg induced significant hypothermic effects, but of shorter duration than ethanol-induced hypothermia. The inhibition of ALDH enzymes by cyanamide induced a strong potentiation of both ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced hypothermia. The pretreatment with 4-MP prevented the potentiation of ethanol-induced hypothermia by cyanamide, but slightly increased the potentiation of acetaldehyde-induced hypothermia by cyanamide. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study clearly show that acetaldehyde has hypothermic properties in mice at least at relatively high concentrations. Furthermore, the accumulation of acetaldehyde following ALDH inhibition strongly enhanced the hypothermic effects of ethanol. These latter results confirm the hypothermic properties of acetaldehyde and show that acetate, the next step in ethanol metabolism, is not involved in these hypothermic effects. Finally, the experiment with 4-MP indicates that the potentiating effects of cyanamide are mediated by the peripheral accumulation of acetaldehyde, which then reaches the brain to induce a severe hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Closon
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives et Comportementales, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Lavoie MP, Lam RW, Bouchard G, Sasseville A, Charron MC, Gagné AM, Tremblay P, Filteau MJ, Hébert M. Evidence of a biological effect of light therapy on the retina of patients with seasonal affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 66:253-8. [PMID: 19135188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal sensitivity anomalies have been reported in patients affected by seasonal affective disorder (SAD). We used the electroretinogram (ERG) to assess seasonal change in retinal function in patients with SAD and healthy participants, as well as in patients following 4 weeks of light therapy. METHODS ERG assessments were obtained in 22 SAD patients (2 men, 20 women, mean age 31 +/- 9 years) in the fall/winter season before and after 2 and 4 weeks of light therapy and in summertime. Matched healthy participants (2 men, 14 women; mean age 29 +/- 8 years) were evaluated once in the fall/winter and once in summer. The 29-item Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Seasonal Affective Disorder version was administered. Standard ERG parameters were derived from the photopic and scotopic luminance response functions. Salivary melatonin concentration during ERG was assessed in both groups but during fall/winter assessments only. RESULTS A significantly lower cone ERG maximal amplitude and lower rod sensitivity was found in SAD patients before light therapy compared with healthy participants. Following 4 weeks of light therapy, a normalization of cone and rod ERG function occurred. ERG parameters in the summer and melatonin concentrations in fall/winter were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Depressed patients with SAD demonstrate ERG changes in the winter compared with healthy comparison subjects with lower rod retinal sensitivity and lower cone maximal amplitude. These changes normalized following 4 weeks of light therapy and during the summer, suggesting that ERG changes are state markers for SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Lavoie
- Centre de recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec G1J 2G3, Canada
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Myles BJ, Jarrett LA, Broom SL, Speaker HA, Sabol KE. The effects of methamphetamine on core body temperature in the rat--part 1: chronic treatment and ambient temperature. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 198:301-11. [PMID: 18438646 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-1061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stimulants such as methamphetamine (METH) alter core temperature in a manner that is dependent on ambient temperature and that shows tolerance after chronic use. Our objectives were to (1) determine whether tolerance to METH-induced hyperthermia was a consequence of neurotoxicity to dopamine or serotonin and (2) determine the relationship between ambient temperature and chronic treatment on the METH-induced temperature response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were treated with 1.0, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg METH at 24 degrees C (experiment 1) or treated with 5.0 mg/kg METH at 20 degrees C, 24 degrees C, or 28 degrees C (experiment 2). Treatment occurred for 12 days, and temperature measurements were made once per minute telemetrically during 7-h sessions in computer-regulated environments. RESULTS Peak increases in core temperature occurred at 60 min post-treatment for the 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg doses, and at 180 min for the 5.0 mg/kg dose. Tolerance-like effects were seen with chronic 5.0 (mixed results) and 10.0 mg/kg METH in the absence of dopamine or serotonin depletions measured 2 weeks after the completion of treatment. After 5.0 mg/kg METH, variations in ambient temperature resulted in an early flexible change in core temperature (phase 1) (hyperthermia at 28 degrees and hypothermia at 20 degrees ) and a later inflexible hyperthermia (phase 2). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that (1) the peak effect of different doses of METH occurs at different times (24 degrees ), (2) the diminished temperature response with chronic METH treatment was not associated with long-term dopamine and serotonin depletions, and (3) a two-phase temperature response to METH may reflect two independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita J Myles
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Ben Hamida S, Plute E, Bach S, Lazarus C, Tracqui A, Kelche C, de Vasconcelos AP, Jones BC, Cassel JC. Ethanol-MDMA interactions in rats: the importance of interval between repeated treatments in biobehavioral tolerance and sensitization to the combination. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 192:555-69. [PMID: 17345065 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In our previous work, we showed that ethanol (EtOH) potentiates 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced hyperlocomotion while protecting against its hyperthermic effects. Whereas the effect on activity were found on all days (although declining over the three first days), the protection against hyperthermia completely disappeared on the second day. The latter effect was previously thought to reflect tolerance to ethanol or the combination, per se. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we changed the treatment regimen to irregular and longer intervals between treatments (48, 120, and again 48 h) to check if tolerance was still observed. RESULTS We found progressive sensitization of locomotor activity to EtOH (1.5 g/kg, i.p.)+MDMA (6.6 mg/kg, i.p.), and a partial EtOH protection against MDMA-induced hyperthermia that persisted after the first drug challenge day. When the monoamine neurotransmitters, dopamine, and serotonin were assessed 2 weeks after treatment, we found no consistent effect on the concentration of any of these neurotransmitters, whatever the treatment. Similarly, we found that regional brain concentrations of MDMA were not significantly affected by EtOH at a 45-min post-treatment delay; however, the overall ratio of the metabolite 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) to MDMA was lower (overall, -16%) in animals treated with the combination compared to MDMA alone, indicating possible contribution of pharmacokinetic factors. This difference was especially marked in the striatum (-25%). CONCLUSIONS These findings shed new light on the consequences of EtOH-MDMA, taken together at a nearly normal ambient temperature, both in terms of motivation and potential risks for recreational drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ben Hamida
- LINC-UMR 7191, Université Louis Pasteur-CNRS, Institut Fédérératif de Recherche 37, GDR CNRS 2905, Strasbourg, France
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Chahl LA. TRP's: links to schizophrenia? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2007; 1772:968-77. [PMID: 17587552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder the cause of which is unknown. It is considered to be a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Direct evidence for links between schizophrenia and TRP channels is lacking. However, several aspects of the pathophysiology of the disorder point to a possible involvement of TRP channels. In this review evidence for links between TRP channels and schizophrenia with respect to neurodevelopment, dopaminergic and cannabinoid systems, thermoregulation, and sensory processes, is discussed. Investigation of these links holds the prospect of a new understanding of schizophrenia with resultant therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris A Chahl
- Centre for Mental Health Studies and Schizophrenia Research Institute, James Fletcher Hospital, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308 Australia.
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Stanley N, Salem A, Irvine RJ. The effects of co-administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy”) or para-methoxyamphetamine and moclobemide at elevated ambient temperatures on striatal 5-HT, body temperature and behavior in rats. Neuroscience 2007; 146:321-9. [PMID: 17306465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that co-administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") with the reversible monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) inhibitor moclobemide at an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C significantly increases striatal 5-HT outflow and 5-HT-mediated behaviors. In the present study, using microdialysis, we examined the effects of co-administration of MDMA or para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) with moclobemide on striatal 5-HT outflow at the elevated ambient temperatures of 30 degrees C. Samples were collected every 30 min for 4 h and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography assay with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). 5-HT-mediated effects on body temperature and behavior were also recorded. Rats were treated with either saline or 20 mg/kg (i.p.) moclobemide, followed by 10 mg/kg (i.p.) MDMA, 10 mg/kg (i.p.) PMA or saline 60 min later. Both MDMA and PMA produced significant increases in 5-HT outflow (370% peak and 309% peak, respectively, P<0.05). MDMA and PMA significantly increased body temperature (+2.0 degrees C and +2.1 degrees C, respectively, P<0.01) and drug-related behaviors (P<0.05). When MDMA or PMA was co-administered with moclobemide, additional significant increases were seen in 5-HT outflow (850% peak, P<0.01 and 1450% peak, P<0.001, respectively) and only MDMA showed additional significant increase in body temperature (+5.0 degrees C, P<0.001). No additional increases were seen in behavioral activity. When moclobemide was co-administered with MDMA, sustained increases in body temperature were recorded that were significantly higher than with MDMA alone and such increases were not observed in our previous study at normal room temperature. Our results suggest greater risk of MDMA-induced adverse effects on body temperature regulation, compared with PMA, when used in combination with moclobemide at elevated ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Stanley
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Medical School North, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Co-regulation of dopamine D1 receptor and uncoupling protein-2 expression in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity: neuroprotective role of L-carnitine. Neurosci Lett 2006; 410:62-5. [PMID: 17052844 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that the expression of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and dopamine (DA) system genes is responsive to 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) neurotoxic effects and to the neuroprotective effects of the mitochondrial enhancer, L-carnitine (LC), in the rat striatum. Inactivation of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) by 3-NPA results in hypoxic brain damage. Hypoxic conditions induce uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2). An increase in UCP-2 expression may lead to a decrease in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with energy depletion. However, this adaptive response can also lead to a reduction of ATP that may further contribute to energy deficit and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n=5/group) were injected either with saline or 3-NPA at 30 mg/kg, s.c. alone or 30 min after pre-treatment with LC (100mg/kg, i.p.). Rectal temperature was monitored before treatment and 4h following 3-NPA administration. Animals were sacrificed 4h post-treatment. Total RNA was isolated from the striatum and transcripts of UCP-2, UCP-4 and UCP-5 genes, as well as genes related to dopamine metabolism, such as DA D(1) and D(2) receptors, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2), were measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). While core temperature decreased significantly in 3-NPA-treated rats, LC significantly inhibited the hypothermic effect of 3-NPA (p<0.05). 3-NPA caused a significant increase in UCP-2 and DA D(1) receptor gene expression in the striatum and both effects were attenuated by pre-treatment with LC. Since LC maintains the ATP/ADP ratio and was previously shown to be neuroprotective against 3-NPA toxicity, the modulation of UCP-2 expression by LC suggests that LC counteracts energy dissipation and thus prevents the negative effects of ATP decline on DA neurotransmission.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the prolactin and blood pressure responses at identical core temperatures during active and passive heat stresses, using prolactin as an indirect marker of central fatigue. Twelve male subjects cycled to exhaustion at 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in a room maintained at 33 degrees C (active). In a second trial they were passively heated (passive) in a water bath (41.56 +/- 1.65 degrees C) until core temperature was equal to the core temperature observed at exhaustion during the active trial. Blood samples were taken from an indwelling venous cannula for the determination of serum prolactin during active heating and at corresponding core temperatures during passive heating. Core temperature was not significantly different between the two methods of heating and averaged 38.81 +/- 0.53 and 38.82 +/- 0.70 degrees C (data expressed as means +/- s.d.) at exhaustion during active heating and at the end of passive heating, respectively (P > 0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower throughout passive heating (active, 73 +/- 9 mmHg; passive, 62 +/- 12 mmHg; P < 0.01). Despite the significantly reduced blood pressure responses during passive heating, during both forms of heating the prolactin response was the same (active, 14.9 +/- 12.6 ng ml(-1); passive, 13.3 +/- 9.6 ng ml(-1); n.s.). These results suggest that thermoregulatory, i.e. core temperature, and not cardiovascular afferents provide the key stimulus for the release of prolactin, an indirect marker of central fatigue, during exercise in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Low
- Research Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK.
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Watson P, Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. The effect of acute branched-chain amino acid supplementation on prolonged exercise capacity in a warm environment. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 93:306-14. [PMID: 15349784 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-004-1206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eight males were recruited to examine the effect of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on exercise capacity in a glycogen-depleted state in a warm environment. Following a exercise and dietary regimen designed to reduce glycogen availability, subjects returned to the laboratory the following morning and remained seated for 2 h, before cycling to volitional exhaustion at 50% VO2 peak in a warm environment [30.0 (0.2) degrees C; mean (SD)]. Four 250 ml aliquots of a 12 g l(-1) BCAA solution or placebo were ingested at 30 min intervals prior to exercise, with an additional 150 ml consumed every 15 min throughout exercise. BCAA ingestion had no effect on exercise capacity [placebo 103.9 (26.9) min; BCAA 111.0 (29.2) min; P = 0.129). No difference in heart rate (P = 0.345), core temperature (P = 0.628), or weighted mean skin temperature (P = 0.114) was apparent between trials. Ingestion of the BCAA solution produced a marked increase in plasma BCAA immediately prior to exercise [+ 1126 (158) micromol l(-1); P < 0.001) with this difference maintained throughout. Consequently, a significant reduction in the plasma concentration ratio of free tryptophan to BCAA was observed during the BCAA trial when compared to the placebo (P < 0.001). Plasma ammonia concentration was significantly elevated during exercise throughout the BCAA trial (P < 0.001), with no change from rest apparent during the placebo trial (P = 0.608). Blood glucose (P = 0.114) and lactate (P = 0.836) concentrations were not different between trials. Ingestion of a BCAA solution prior to, and during, prolonged exercise in glycogen-depleted subjects did not influence exercise capacity in a warm environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Watson
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
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43
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Abstract
The functional role of dopamine D(1) receptors is still controversial. One reason for this controversy is that for a long time the only available agonists for in vivo characterization of dopamine D(1) receptors were benzazepines. Among them was the prototype dopamine D(1) receptor partial agonist, SKF 38393. The lack of a selective and fully efficacious dopamine D(1) receptor agonist hampered basic research on dopamine D(1) receptors and left the potential clinical utility of dopamine D(1) receptor agonists elusive. The research situation improved when the first potent full dopamine D(1) receptor agonist dihydrexidine, a phenanthridine, was introduced in the late 1980s. In contrast to SKF 38393, dihydrexidine was shown to stimulate cyclic AMP synthesis just as well or better than dopamine, and potently displaced [(3)H]SCH 23390 from rat and monkey striatal membranes. Also, dihydrexidine was the first dopamine D(1) receptor agonist that had potent antiparkinsonian activity in a primate model of Parkinson's disease. This finding suggested clinical utility for dopamine D(1) receptor agonists in Parkinson's disease and that this utility might be critically dependent on the intrinsic efficacy of the drug. Clinical utility for dopamine D(1) receptor agonists in other central nervous disorders might also be dependent on the intrinsic efficacy of the drug. However, even though studies with dihydrexidine as a pharmacological tool have pointed to the clinical use for dopamine D(1) receptor agonists, dihydrexidine's unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile and various adverse effects are likely to restrict or even preclude its use in humans. This review article provides an updated overview of the pharmacology of dihydrexidine and discusses possible clinical utility of dopamine D(1) receptor agonists in various central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Salmi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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44
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Abstract
A review of the relevant published literature regarding disorders of thermoregulation in people with schizophrenia was undertaken. This entailed a search of the Medline and PsychINFO databases to 28th May 2003 using the search terms "schizophrenia and thermoregulation" and "schizophrenia and temperature". The relevant articles as well as secondary references were reviewed. It has generally been shown that, when compared with controls, people with schizophrenia exhibit dysregulation of body temperature including different baseline temperatures; abnormal daily range of temperatures and diurnal variation showing an earlier peak; an impaired ability to compensate to heat stress; and compensating more effectively to cold stress. This may be intrinsic to the syndrome of schizophrenia but is potentially confounded by the administration of neuroleptic medication. The underlying cause is likely to be a combination of "peripheral" and "central" mechanisms of thermoregulation. Further study is required to delineate clearly the quality and magnitude of the temperature dysregulation as well as elucidating its mechanism(s). This could further our understanding of the mechanism underlying the syndrome of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence W H Chong
- Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, Orygen Youth Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Schwartz PJ, Erk SD. Regulation of central dopamine-2 receptor sensitivity by a proportional control thermostat in humans. Psychiatry Res 2004; 127:19-26. [PMID: 15261701 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Revised: 01/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Central dopamine-2 (D2) receptors are importantly involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia. Central D2 receptors are also involved in thermoregulation. Recently, a type of central nervous system proportional control thermostat was described that governs the magnitude of several serotonin receptor-mediated core body thermoregulatory responses in proportion to both the amount of nocturnal melatonin secreted and the minimum level of nocturnal core body temperature (Tmin). The present study investigated whether the magnitude of D2 receptor-mediated hypothermia--a putative index of central D2 receptor sensitivity--is also regulated by this proportional control thermostat in humans. Twenty healthy subjects had their 02:00 h melatonin concentrations (MT2am) and Tmin measured during consecutive sleep episodes and their core body temperature responses (TAUC) measured the next two mornings after oral ingestion of either the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine 3.125 mg or placebo. We found that the bromocriptine-induced TAUC was significantly and independently correlated with both Tmin and MT2am. In conclusion, D2 receptor-mediated hypothermia, an index of central D2 receptor sensitivity, is regulated by a proportional control thermostat in humans. The abnormal D2 receptor function in schizophrenia could be related to dysfunction of this thermostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University School of Medicine and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Building 302, Second Floor, 4100 West Third Street, Dayton, OH 45428, USA.
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Manger PR, Fuxe K, Ridgway SH, Siegel JM. The distribution and morphological characteristics of catecholaminergic cells in the diencephalon and midbrain of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2004; 64:42-60. [PMID: 15051966 PMCID: PMC8770345 DOI: 10.1159/000077542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the distribution and cellular morphology of catecholaminergic neurons in the diencephalon and midbrain of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry was used to visualize these putatively dopaminergic neurons. The standard A1-A17, C1-C3, nomenclature is used for expediency; however, the neuroanatomical names of the various nuclei have also been given. Dolphins exhibit certain tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) catecholaminergic neuronal groups in the midbrain (A8, A9, A10) and diencephalon (A11, A12, A14), however, no neuronal clusters clearly corresponding to the A13 and A15 groups could be identified. The subdivisions of these neuronal groups are in general agreement with those of other mammals, but there is a high degree of species specificity. First, three TH-ir neuronal groups not identified in other species were found: in the ventral lateral peri-aqueductal gray matter, posterior dorsal hypothalamus, and rostral mesencephalic raphe. Second, the normal components of the substantia nigra (A9 or pars compacta, A9 lateral or pars lateralis, A9 ventral or pars reticulata) were extremely cell sparse, but there was a substantial expansion of the A9 medial and A10 lateral subdivisions forming an impressive 'ventral wing' in the posterior substantia nigra. The findings of this and previous studies suggest a distinct evolutionary trend occurring in the neuromodulatory systems in mammals. The results are discussed in relation to motor control, thermoregulation, unihemispheric sleep, and dolphin cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.
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Bridge MW, Weller AS, Rayson M, Jones DA. Responses to exercise in the heat related to measures of hypothalamic serotonergic and dopaminergic function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003; 89:451-9. [PMID: 12684806 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-003-0800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have studied 12 recreationally active men to measure their responses to exercise in the heat and relate these to measures of hypothalamic function explored with a buspirone [5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT(1A)) agonist, dopaminergic D(2) antagonist] neuroendocrine challenge, with and without pretreatment with pindolol (5-HT(1A) antagonist). Pindolol treatment allowed the serotonergic and non-serotonergic components of prolactin release to be distinguished. Subjects exercised at 73 (5)% maximal rate of oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) until volitional fatigue at 35 degrees C (relative humidity, 30%). On another two occasions they underwent a buspirone challenge [0.5 mg (kg body mass)(-1)], once with, and once without, pindolol [0.5 mg (kg body mass)(-1)] pretreatment and the circulating plasma concentrations of prolactin were measured for the next 2.5 h. Rectal temperature increased throughout exercise, whilst mean skin temperature remained constant. There was a wide inter-subject variation in prolactin response to the neuroendocrine challenges. The proportion of the prolactin response to buspirone attributable to a non-serotonergic component (most likely dopaminergic) correlated both with exercise duration (r=0.657, P=0.028), rectal temperature at fatigue (r=0.623, P=0.041) and the rate of temperature rise (r=-0.669, P=0.024). Our results suggest that high activity of the dopaminergic pathways in the hypothalamus is a predictor of exercise tolerance in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew W Bridge
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Almirall H, Bautista V, Sánchez-Bahillo A, Trinidad-Herrero M. Ultradian and circadian body temperature and activity rhythms in chronic MPTP treated monkeys. Neurophysiol Clin 2001; 31:161-70. [PMID: 11488227 DOI: 10.1016/s0987-7053(01)00256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The body temperature and locomotor activity rhythms of seven 1-Methyl, 4-phenyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated cynomolgous monkeys were registered over a week on two separate occasions over an interval of 2 months. Motor disability was absent in two animals and present in five: it was mild in one, moderate in two and severe in two. Both temperature and motor activity were recorded every minute using a radio telemetry system. Analysis of circadian rhythms revealed less robustness of the 24-hour circadian components of body temperature and locomotor activity with increasing motor impairment, and a fragmentation of the body temperature rhythm into 8 hour-period components. Both total activity and daytime activity correlated inversely with the degree of motor impairment. On the contrary, the monkeys did not show differences in night time activity. The proportions of variance accounted for by the body temperature and locomotor activity of 24 h + 12 h + 8 h components were correlated. Also, the average levels at which the circadian rhythm varies between body temperature and locomotor activity were correlated. The results were almost identical in the two 1-week recording sessions. The present study confirms individual differences in the vulnerability to MPTP of the nigrostriatal system of monkeys, suggesting that if a cumulative dose does not provoke stable motor alterations, this cumulative dose will not produce circadian body temperature and locomotor activity rhythm alterations either. Similarly, if a dose is able to produce motor impairment, this dose will also be able to produce circadian rhythm alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Almirall
- Departamiento de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clinica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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49
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Beitrag greift die Frage auf, inwieweit Eysencks «Arousal-Theorie der Extraversion» angesichts zahlreicher neuerer Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Bereich der Neurowissenschaften und der biologischen Persönlichkeitsforschung modifiziert werden müßte. Insbesondere Ergebnisse der tierexperimentellen und humanwissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschung der letzten zehn Jahre haben vermehrt Anhaltspunkte geliefert, daß dem Neurotransmitter Dopamin eine zentrale Rolle als biologisches Substrat der Extraversion zuzukommen scheint. In einer Reihe von eigenen Untersuchungen konnte belegt werden, daß sich Introvertierte und Extravertierte nicht in ihrem absoluten Niveau zentralnervöser Aktivität unterscheiden. Vielmehr bestehen Unterschiede in der behavioralen Sensitivität, mit der Intro- und Extravertierte auf Abweichungen vom physiologischen Niveau der dopaminergen Aktivierung reagieren. Introvertierte scheinen sich dabei durch eine deutlich höhere Responsivität im Vergleich zu Extravertierten auszuzeichnen, da sie pharmakologisch oder durch natürliche Lebensereignisse verursachte Abweichungen vom habituellen Niveau dopaminerger Aktivierung vermutlich in sehr viel größerem Maße zu tolerieren scheinen. Abschließend werden grundlegende konzeptuelle Fragen für zukünftige Untersuchungen aufgeworfen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rammsayer
- Georg-Elias-Müller-Institut für Psychologie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen
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50
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Monda M, Viggiano A, De Luca V. Intracerebroventricular injection of prostaglandin E(1) changes concentrations of biogenic amines in the posterior hypothalamus of the rat. Brain Res 2000; 873:197-202. [PMID: 10930544 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the posterior hypothalamus (PH) plays a key role in the control of body temperature, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine levels in the PH during the hyperthermia induced by prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)). The concentration of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in the PH, the firing rate of the sympathetic nerves innervating interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), IBAT and colonic temperatures (T(IBAT) and T(C)) were monitored in 12 urethane-anaesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats before and after an intracerebroventricular injection of 500 ng PGE(1) dissolved in 2 microl of 0.9% NaCl saline solution or only saline. The catecholamines were collected using a microdialysis probe and quantified by HPLC. The results showed that PGE(1) caused a significant increment in the concentration of adrenaline from 15. 83+/-2.69 to 34.95+/-3.9 ng ml(-1) and of dopamine from 35.15+/-4.48 to 55.68+/-6.21 ng ml(-1). A significant decrease in the level of noradrenaline from 18.75+/-2.05 to 8.56+/-2.26 ng ml(-1) was registered. The firing rate of sympathetic nerves to IBAT was increased from 100+/-0% to 204.83+/-15.22% by PGE(1). T(IBAT) and T(C) rose respectively from 36.91+/-0.15 degrees C to 38.88+/-0.29 degrees C, and from 36.7+/-0.15 degrees C to 38.13+/-0.36 degrees C after the injection of PGE(1). The changes in adrenaline and noradrenaline occurred during the first 20 min as did the changes in temperature and firing rate, while the change in dopamine was delayed until 21-60 min after the PGE(1) injection. No significant change of analyzed variables was found in the control rats. These findings suggest that these biogenic amines of the PH are involved in the control of the sympathetic and thermogenic changes induced by PGE(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monda
- Department of Human Physiology and Integrated Biological Functions 'F. Bottazzi', Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, I-80138, Naples, Italy.
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