1
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Kassa A, Enday M. Highly Specific Voltammetric Detection of Cephalexin in Tablet Formulations and Human Urine Samples Using a Poly(2,4,6-2',4',6'-hexanitrodiphenylamine)-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:34964-34973. [PMID: 39157155 PMCID: PMC11325428 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are employed to treat bacterial illnesses. Despite a high level of clinical success, they have encountered serious resistance that demands a high-dose regimen and a new pharmacokinetic combination. This requires continuous monitoring of their levels in pharmaceutical and biological samples. In this study, an electrochemical sensor was developed for the determination of cephalexin (CLN) in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluid samples. The sensors were developed by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using a conducting polymer (dipicrylamine) by potentiodynamic electropolymerization. Characterization (using cyclic voltammetry and electron impedance spectroscopy) results revealed modification of the electrode surface, leading to an enhanced effective electrode surface area and their conductivity. The appearance of an irreversible oxidative peak at much-reduced potential with 5-fold current enhancement at a poly(dipicrylamine)-modified glassy carbon electrode (poly(DPA)/GCE) verified the electrocatalytic role toward CLN. Under optimized conditions, a wider linear concentration range (5 × 10-8 to 3.0 × 10-4 M), lowest limit of detection (LoD) (2.5 nM), detected amount of each tablet brand above 97.00% of the labeled value (showing excellent agreement between the detected amount and company label), and excellent % recovery results in pharmaceutical and biological samples were obtained with an excellent interference recovery error of less than 4.05%. Its excellent accuracy, selectivity, reproducibility, and stabilities and only requiring a simple electrode modification step combined with its readily available and nontoxic modifier, which sets it apart from most previously reported methods, have validated the present method's potential applicability for determining CLN in biological and pharmaceutical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Kassa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Minbale Enday
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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2
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Efremenko Y, Mirsky VM. Chemosensitive Properties of Electrochemically Synthesized Poly-3-Thienylboronic Acid: Conductometric Detection of Glucose and Other Diol-Containing Compounds under Electrical Affinity Control. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1938. [PMID: 39000794 PMCID: PMC11244235 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the presence of the boronic acid moieties, poly-3-thienylboronic acid has an affinity for saccharides and other diol-containing compounds. Thin films of this novel chemosensitive polymer were synthesized electrochemically on the gold surface. The adhesion of the polymer was enhanced by the deposition of a monomolecular layer of thiophenol. The technology was used to fabricate conductometric sensors for glucose and other diol-containing compounds. Simultaneous two- and four-electrode conductivity measurements were performed. The chemical sensitivity to sorbitol, fructose, glucose, and ethylene glycol was studied at different pH and electrode potentials, and the corresponding binding constants were obtained. Depending on the electrode potential, the reciprocal values of the binding constants of glucose to poly-3-thienylboronic acid at neutral pH are in the range of 0.2 mM-1.0 mM. The affinity for glucose has been studied in buffer solutions and in solutions containing the major components of human blood. It was shown that the presence of human serum albumin increases the affinity of poly-3-thienylboronic acid for diol-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir M. Mirsky
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
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3
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Gado WS, Al-Gamal AG, Badawy MSEM, Labena A, Zakaria K, Kabel KI. Detectable quorum signaling molecule via PANI-metal oxides nanocomposites sensors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10041. [PMID: 38693218 PMCID: PMC11063039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The detection of N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), a crucial signal in Gram-negative bacterial communication, is essential for addressing microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in oil and gas industries. Metal oxides (MOx) intercalated into conducting polymers (CPs) offer a promising sensing approach due to their effective detection of biological molecules such as C6-HSL. In this study, we synthesized and characterized two MOx/polyaniline-dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (PANI-DBSA) nanocomposites, namely ZnO/PANI-DBSA and Fe2O3/PANI-DBSA. These nanocomposites were applied with 1% by-weight carbon paste over a carbon working electrode (WE) for qualitative and quantitative detection of C6-HSL through electrochemical analysis. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the composites' capability to monitor C6-HSL produced by SRB-biofilm, with detection limits of 624 ppm for ZnO/PANI-DBSA and 441 ppm for Fe2O3/PANI-DBSA. Furthermore, calorimetric measurements validated the presence of SRB-biofilm, supporting the EIS analysis. The utilization of these MOx/CP nanocomposites offers a practical approach for detecting C6-HSL and monitoring SRB-biofilm formation, aiding in MIC management in oil and gas wells. The ZnO/PANI-DBSA-based sensor exhibited higher sensitivity towards C6-HSL compared to Fe2O3/PANI-DBSA, indicating its potential for enhanced detection capabilities in this context. Stability tests revealed ZnO/PANI-DBSA's superior stability over Fe2O3/PANI-DBSA, with both sensors retaining approximately 85-90% of their initial current after 1 month, demonstrating remarkable reproducibility and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa S Gado
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Mona Shaban E M Badawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Labena
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Zakaria
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalid I Kabel
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Sarvutiene J, Prentice U, Ramanavicius S, Ramanavicius A. Molecular imprinting technology for biomedical applications. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108318. [PMID: 38266935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), a type of biomimetic material, have attracted considerable interest owing to their cost-effectiveness, good physiochemical stability, favourable specificity and selectivity for target analytes, and widely used for various biological applications. It was demonstrated that MIPs with significant selectivity towards protein-based targets could be applied in medicine, diagnostics, proteomics, environmental analysis, sensors, various in vivo and/or in vitro applications, drug delivery systems, etc. This review provides an overview of MIPs dedicated to biomedical applications and insights into perspectives on the application of MIPs in newly emerging areas of biotechnology. Many different protocols applied for the synthesis of MIPs are overviewed in this review. The templates used for molecular imprinting vary from the minor glycosylated glycan-based structures, amino acids, and proteins to whole bacteria, which are also overviewed in this review. Economic, environmental, rapid preparation, stability, and reproducibility have been highlighted as significant advantages of MIPs. Particularly, some specialized MIPs, in addition to molecular recognition properties, can have high catalytic activity, which in some cases could be compared with other bio-catalytic systems. Therefore, such MIPs belong to the class of so-called 'artificial enzymes'. The discussion provided in this manuscript furnishes a comparative analysis of different approaches developed, underlining their relative advantages and disadvantages highlighting trends and possible future directions of MIP technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julija Sarvutiene
- Department of Nanotechnology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urte Prentice
- Department of Nanotechnology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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5
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Minami K, Zhou Y, Imamura G, Shiba K, Yoshikawa G. Sorption Kinetic Parameters from Nanomechanical Sensing for Discrimination of 2-Nonenal from Saturated Aldehydes. ACS Sens 2024; 9:689-698. [PMID: 38349676 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanomechanical sensors have gained significant attention as promising platforms for artificial olfaction. Since sorption kinetic parameters that can be estimated from the sensing signals of nanomechanical sensors reflect the chemical and physicochemical interactions between the odorant and receptor material, the parameters can be utilized for the direct discrimination of each odorant. In this study, we demonstrated the discrimination of 20 vapors, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, organic acids, ketones, and aldehydes, which are reported as human body odor components, using the parameters extracted in the analytical solution of nanomechanical sensors based on sorption kinetics with viscoelastic behaviors. By using one of the specific nanomechanical sensors─membrane-type surface stress sensor─as a sensing unit, we successfully discriminated trans-2-nonenal known as an aging marker from other saturated aldehydes along with quantifying their concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Minami
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yingcheng Zhou
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Gaku Imamura
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kota Shiba
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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6
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Fraga VM, Lovi IT, Abegão LMG, Mello HJNPD. Understanding the Effect of Deposition Technique on the Structure-Property Relationship of Polyaniline Thin Films Applied in Potentiometric pH Sensor. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3450. [PMID: 37631510 PMCID: PMC10459526 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehension of potentiometric pH sensors with polymeric thin films for new and advanced applications is a constant technological need. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the sensitivity and correlation coefficient of potentiometric pH sensors and the structure-property relationship of polyaniline thin films. The effect of the deposition method on the sample's properties was evaluated. Galvanostatically electrodeposited and spin-coated polyaniline thin films were used as the sensing stage. Samples were electrodeposited with a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 for 300, 600, and 1200 s and were spin coated for 60 s with an angular velocity of 500, 1000, and 2000 rpm. The electrodeposited set of films presented higher average sensitivity, 73.4 ± 1.3 mV/pH, compared to the spin-coated set, 59.2 ± 2.5 mV/pH. The electrodeposited films presented higher sensitivity due to their morphology, characterized by a larger roughness and thickness compared to spin-coated ones, favoring the potentiometric response. Also, their oxidation state, evaluated with cyclic voltammetry and UV-VIS spectroscopy, corroborates their sensing performance. The understanding of the structure-property relationship of the polymeric films affecting the pH detection is discussed based on the characteristics of the deposition method used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius M. Fraga
- Materials Physics Group, Physics Institute, Goiás Federal University, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia 74001-970, GO, Brazil; (V.M.F.); (I.T.L.)
| | - Isabela T. Lovi
- Materials Physics Group, Physics Institute, Goiás Federal University, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia 74001-970, GO, Brazil; (V.M.F.); (I.T.L.)
| | - Luis M. G. Abegão
- Photonics Group, Physics Institute, Goiás Federal University, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia 74001-970, GO, Brazil
| | - Hugo J. N. P. D. Mello
- Materials Physics Group, Physics Institute, Goiás Federal University, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia 74001-970, GO, Brazil; (V.M.F.); (I.T.L.)
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7
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Bąk KM, Patrick SC, Li X, Beer PD, Davis JJ. Engineered Binding Microenvironments in Halogen Bonding Polymers for Enhanced Anion Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300867. [PMID: 36749115 PMCID: PMC10946961 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking Nature's polymeric protein architectures by designing hosts with binding cavities screened from bulk solvent is a promising approach to achieving anion recognition in competitive media. Accomplishing this, however, can be synthetically demanding. Herein we present a synthetically tractable approach, by directly incorporating potent supramolecular anion-receptive motifs into a polymeric scaffold, tuneable through a judicious selection of the co-monomer. A comprehensive analysis of anion recognition and sensing is demonstrated with redox-active, halogen bonding polymeric hosts. Notably, the polymeric hosts consistently outperform their monomeric analogues, with especially large halide binding enhancements of ca. 50-fold observed in aqueous-organic solvent mixtures. These binding enhancements are rationalised by the generation and presentation of low dielectric constant binding microenvironments from which there is appreciable solvent exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Bąk
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Sophie C. Patrick
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Xiaoxiong Li
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
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8
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Rossignatti BC, Vieira AP, Barbosa MS, Abegão LMG, Mello HJNPD. Thin Films of Polyaniline-Based Nanocomposites with CeO 2 and WO 3 Metal Oxides Applied to the Impedimetric and Capacitive Transducer Stages in Chemical Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030578. [PMID: 36771879 PMCID: PMC9920537 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a recognized need for the development of cost-effective, stable, fast, and optimized novel materials for technological applications. Substantial research has been undertaken on the role of polymeric nanocomposites in sensing applications. However, the use of PANI-based nanocomposites in impedimetric and capacitive electrochemical sensors has yet to be understood. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the sensitivity and linearity of electrochemical pH sensors and the composition of nanocomposites. Thin films of PANI/CeO2 and PANI/WO3 were deposited via spin coating for characterization and application during the electrochemical impedance and capacitance spectroscopy (EIS and ECS) transduction stages. The findings showed that the optimized performance of the devices was extended not only to the sensitivity but also to the linearity. An increase of 213% in the ECS sensitivity of the PANI/CeO2 compared to the metal oxide and an increase of 64% in the ECS linearity of the PANI/WO3 compared to the polymeric sensitivity were reported. This study identified the structure-property relationship of nanocomposite thin films of PANI with metal oxides for use in electrochemical sensors. The developed materials could be applied in devices to be used in different fields, such as food, environment, and biomedical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Portes Vieira
- Physics Institute, Goiás Federal University, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia 74001-970, GO, Brazil
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9
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Possetto D, Pecnikaj I, Marzari G, Orlandi S, Sereno S, Cavazzini M, Pozzi G, Fungo F. Influence of Polyfluorinated Side Chains and Soft-Template Method on the Surface Morphologies and Hydrophobic Properties of Electrodeposited Films from Fluorene Bridged Dicarbazole Monomers. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200371. [PMID: 36073234 PMCID: PMC10091753 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A clear case of relationship between the monomer molecular structure and the capability of tuning the morphology of electrodeposited gas bubbles template polymer thin films is shown. To this end, a series of fluorene-bridged dicarbazole derivatives containing either linear or terminally branched polyfluorinated side chains connected to the fluorene subunit were synthesized and their electrochemical properties were investigated. The new compounds underwent electrochemical polymerization over indium tin oxide electrodes to give hydrophobic films with nanostructural and morphological properties strongly dependent on the nature of the side chains. Gas bubbles templated electropolymerization was next achieved by the addition of tiny amounts of water to the monomer solutions, without using surfactants. Within the investigated set of molecules, the nanostructural properties of the soft-templated films obtained from monomers bearing linear side chains could be fine-tuned by adjusting electrochemical parameters, leading to superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Possetto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
| | - Ilir Pecnikaj
- University of Medicine TiranaDepartment of PharmacyRruga e Dibrës Nr. 371AL1005TiranëAlbania
| | - Gabriela Marzari
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
| | - Simonetta Orlandi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR SCITEC)UOS Golgi, via Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Silvia Sereno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
| | - Marco Cavazzini
- CNR Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR SCITEC)UOS Golgi, via Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Gianluca Pozzi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR SCITEC)UOS Golgi, via Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Fernando Fungo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
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10
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Electrochemical and Spectroscopic (FTIR) Evidence of Conducting Polymer-Cu Ions Interaction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020569. [PMID: 36677628 PMCID: PMC9865005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we provide electrochemical and spectroscopic evidence of the conducting polymer-heavy metal ion interaction by comparing the electrochemical and spectroscopic behavior (FTIR) of two different conducting polymer-modified electrodes based on 3,4-alkoxythiophenes: 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and ortho-xylen-3,4-dioxythiophene (XDOT) during the potentiodynamic stripping of copper. By analyzing the electrochemical and spectroscopic results, it is possible to propose two different copper dissolution processes during the electrochemical stripping process, which depend on the conducting polymer used. With PEDOT matrix, stripping occurs in a two-step pathway, observed as two anodic peaks, involving the formation of the Cu+-PEDOT complex and the subsequent oxidation step of the Cu+ complex to release Cu2+ ions. On the other side, the experiments carried out let us propose the formation of a poorly stable Cu2+-PXDOT complex or a superficial mechanism for the Cu2+ release, characterized by a single stripping signal for this process. Thus, the incorporation of Cu ions into the matrix and the stripping release are intimately related to the chemical structure of the polymer used.
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11
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Goswami S, Nandy S, Fortunato E, Martins R. Polyaniline and its composites engineering: A class of multifunctional smart energy materials. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Acosta M, Santiago MD, Irvin JA. Electrospun Conducting Polymers: Approaches and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15248820. [PMID: 36556626 PMCID: PMC9782039 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inherently conductive polymers (CPs) can generally be switched between two or more stable oxidation states, giving rise to changes in properties including conductivity, color, and volume. The ability to prepare CP nanofibers could lead to applications including water purification, sensors, separations, nerve regeneration, wound healing, wearable electronic devices, and flexible energy storage. Electrospinning is a relatively inexpensive, simple process that is used to produce polymer nanofibers from solution. The nanofibers have many desirable qualities including high surface area per unit mass, high porosity, and low weight. Unfortunately, the low molecular weight and rigid rod nature of most CPs cannot yield enough chain entanglement for electrospinning, instead yielding polymer nanoparticles via an electrospraying process. Common workarounds include co-extruding with an insulating carrier polymer, coaxial electrospinning, and coating insulating electrospun polymer nanofibers with CPs. This review explores the benefits and drawbacks of these methods, as well as the use of these materials in sensing, biomedical, electronic, separation, purification, and energy conversion and storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Acosta
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Marvin D. Santiago
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Irvin
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Garg S, Goel N. First principle study of hybrid materials based on conjugated polymers and zirconium oxide as a proficient sensor for H 2S gas. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2150332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Garg
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neetu Goel
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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14
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Gribkova OL, Kabanova VA, Yagodin AV, Averin AA, Nekrasov AA. Water-Soluble Phthalocyanine with Ionogenic Groups as a Molecular Template for Electropolymerization of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193522110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Dual switch of helicity and fluorescent emission in amphiphilic glutamide Pyridine-Cyanostilbene based supramolecular gel. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Recent Developments and Implementations of Conductive Polymer-Based Flexible Devices in Sensing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183730. [PMID: 36145876 PMCID: PMC9504310 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible sensing devices have attracted significant attention for various applications, such as medical devices, environmental monitoring, and healthcare. Numerous materials have been used to fabricate flexible sensing devices and improve their sensing performance in terms of their electrical and mechanical properties. Among the studied materials, conductive polymers are promising candidates for next-generation flexible, stretchable, and wearable electronic devices because of their outstanding characteristics, such as flexibility, light weight, and non-toxicity. Understanding the interesting properties of conductive polymers and the solution-based deposition processes and patterning technologies used for conductive polymer device fabrication is necessary to develop appropriate and highly effective flexible sensors. The present review provides scientific evidence for promising strategies for fabricating conductive polymer-based flexible sensors. Specifically, the outstanding nature of the structures, conductivity, and synthesis methods of some of the main conductive polymers are discussed. Furthermore, conventional and innovative technologies for preparing conductive polymer thin films in flexible sensors are identified and evaluated, as are the potential applications of these sensors in environmental and human health monitoring.
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Wilczewska P, Breczko J, Bobrowska DM, Wysocka-Żołopa M, Goclon J, Basa A, Winkler K. Enhancement of polypyrrole electrochemical performance with graphene quantum dots in polypyrrole nanoparticle/graphene quantum dot composites. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) are highly conjugated organic macromolecules, where the electrical charge is transported in intra- and inter-chain pathways. Polyacetylene, polythiophene and its derivatives, polypyrrole and its derivatives, and polyaniline are among the best-known examples. These compounds have been used as electrode modifiers to gain sensitivity and selectivity in a large variety of analytical applications. This review, after a brief introduction to the electrochemistry of CPs, summarizes the application of CPs’ electrode interfaces towards heavy metals’ detection using potentiometry, pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, and alternative non-classical electrochemical methods.
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Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Gashu M, Kassa A, Tefera M, Amare M, Aragaw BA. Sensitive and selective electrochemical determination of doxycycline in pharmaceutical formulations using poly(dipicrylamine) modified glassy carbon electrode. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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21
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Žutautas V, Jelinskas T, Pauliukaite R. A novel sensor for electrochemical pH monitoring based on polyfolate. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Alshawi JS, Mohammed MQ, Alesary HF, Ismail HK, Barton S. Voltammetric Determination of Hg 2+, Zn 2+, and Pb 2+ Ions Using a PEDOT/NTA-Modified Electrode. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20405-20419. [PMID: 35722009 PMCID: PMC9202299 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical sensor for determining trace levels of Hg2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ ions in water using square wave voltammetry (SWV) is reported. The sensor is based on a platinum electrode (Pt) modified by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and N α,N α-bis-(carboxymethyl)-l-lysine hydrate (NTA lysine) PEDOT/NTA. The modified electrode surface (PEDOT/NTA) was prepared via the introduction of the lysine-NTA group to a PEDOT/N-hydroxyphthalimide NHP electrode. The (PEDOT/NTA) was characterized via cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of scan rates on the electrochemical properties of the polymer electrode were also investigated. The electrochemical results were used to estimate the coverage of the electrode polymer surface and its electrostability in background electrolyte solutions. Several analytical parameters, such as polymer film thickness, metal deposition time, and pH of the electrolyte, were examined. Linear responses to Hg2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ ions in the concentration range of 5-100 μg L-1 were obtained. The limits of detection (LODs) for the determination of Hg2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ ions were 1.73, 2.33, and 1.99 μg L-1, respectively. These promising results revealed that modified PEDOT/NTA films might well represent an important addition to existing electrochemical sensor technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasim
M. S. Alshawi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Q. Mohammed
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq
| | - Hasan F. Alesary
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Hani K. Ismail
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region −
F.R., Iraq
| | - Stephen Barton
- School
of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-Upon-Thames KT1 1LQ, Surrey, U.K.
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Ahumada G, Borkowska M. Fluorescent Polymers Conspectus. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1118. [PMID: 35335449 PMCID: PMC8955759 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of luminescent materials is critical to humankind. The Nobel Prizes awarded in 2008 and 2010 for research on the development of green fluorescent proteins and super-resolved fluorescence imaging are proof of this (2014). Fluorescent probes, smart polymer machines, fluorescent chemosensors, fluorescence molecular thermometers, fluorescent imaging, drug delivery carriers, and other applications make fluorescent polymers (FPs) exciting materials. Two major branches can be distinguished in the field: (1) macromolecules with fluorophores in their structure and (2) aggregation-induced emission (AIE) FPs. In the first, the polymer (which may be conjugated) contains a fluorophore, conferring photoluminescent properties to the final material, offering tunable structures, robust mechanical properties, and low detection limits in sensing applications when compared to small-molecule or inorganic luminescent materials. In the latter, AIE FPs use a novel mode of fluorescence dependent on the aggregation state. AIE FP intra- and intermolecular interactions confer synergistic effects, improving their properties and performance over small molecules aggregation-induced, emission-based fluorescent materials (AIEgens). Despite their outstanding advantages (over classic polymers) of high emission efficiency, signal amplification, good processability, and multiple functionalization, AIE polymers have received less attention. This review examines some of the most significant advances in the broad field of FPs over the last six years, concluding with a general outlook and discussion of future challenges to promote advancements in these promising materials that can serve as a springboard for future innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ahumada
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea;
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24
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Abstract
Conductive polymers have attracted wide attention since their discovery due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and low cost. With different possibilities of preparation and deposition on surfaces, they present unique and tunable structures. Because of the ease of incorporating different elements to form composite materials, conductive polymers have been widely used in a plethora of applications. Their inherent mechanical tolerance limit makes them ideal for flexible devices, such as electrodes for batteries, artificial muscles, organic electronics, and sensors. As the demand for the next generation of (wearable) personal and flexible sensing devices is increasing, this review aims to discuss and summarize the recent manufacturing advances made on flexible electrochemical sensors.
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25
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The copolymer coating effect on the catalytic activity of magnetic carbon nanotube (CNT-Fe3O4) in the multi-component reactions. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Electrochemical sensor for uranium monitoring in natural water based on poly Nile blue modified glassy carbon electrode. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Murugan P, Annamalai J, Atchudan R, Govindasamy M, Nallaswamy D, Ganapathy D, Reshetilov A, Sundramoorthy AK. Electrochemical Sensing of Glucose Using Glucose Oxidase/PEDOT:4-Sulfocalix [4]arene/MXene Composite Modified Electrode. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020304. [PMID: 35208428 PMCID: PMC8877456 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is one of the most important monosaccharides found in the food, as a part of more complex structures, which is a primary energy source for the brain and body. Thus, the monitoring of glucose concentration is more important in food and biological samples in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Herein, an electrochemical glucose biosensor was fabricated by immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOX) onto poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):4-sulfocalix [4]arene (PEDOT:SCX)/MXene modified electrode. For this purpose, firstly, PEDOT was synthesized in the presence of SCX (counterion) by the chemical oxidative method. Secondly, MXene (a 2D layered material) was synthesized by using a high-temperature furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere. After that, PEDOT:SCX/MXene (1:1) dispersion was prepared by ultrasonication which was later utilized to prepare PEDOT:SCX/MXene hybrid film. A successful formation of PEDOT:SCX/MXene film was confirmed by HR-SEM, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopies. Due to the biocompatibility nature, successful immobilization of GOX was carried out onto chitosan modified PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GCE. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE was studied through cyclic voltammetry and amperometry methods. Interestingly, a stable redox peak of FAD-GOX was observed at a formal potential of –0.435 V on PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE which indicated a direct electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode surface. PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE also exhibited a linear response against glucose concentrations in the linear range from 0.5 to 8 mM. The effect of pH, sensors reproducibility, and repeatability of the PEDOT:SCX/MXene/GOX/GCE sensor were studied. Finally, this new biosensor was successfully applied to detect glucose in commercial fruit juice sample with satisfactory recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethika Murugan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Jayshree Annamalai
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Mani Govindasamy
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan;
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India; (D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India; (D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Anatoly Reshetilov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Centre for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India; (D.N.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
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The influence of physicochemical properties on the processibility of conducting polymers: A bioelectronics perspective. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:259-279. [PMID: 34111518 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) possess unique electrical and electrochemical properties and hold great potential for different applications in the field of bioelectronics. However, the widespread implementation of CPs in this field has been critically hindered by their poor processibility. There are four key elements that determine the processibility of CPs, which are thermal tunability, chemical stability, solvent compatibility and mechanical robustness. Recent research efforts have focused on enhancing the processibility of these materials through pre- or post-synthesis chemical modifications, the fabrication of CP-based complexes and composites, and the adoption of additive manufacturing techniques. In this review, the physicochemical and structural properties that underlie the performance and processibility of CPs are examined. In addition, current research efforts to overcome technical limitations and broaden the potential applications of CPs in bioelectronics are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review details the inherent properties of CPs that have hindered their use in additive manufacturing for the creation of 3D bioelectronics. A fundamental approach is presented with consideration of the chemical structure and how this contributes to their electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. The review then considers how manipulation of these properties has been addressed in the literature including areas where improvements can be made. Finally, the review details the use of CPs in additive manufacturing and the future scope for the use of CPs and their composites in the development of 3D bioelectronics.
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Al-Mohaimeed AM, Mostafa GAE, El-Tohamy MF. New Construction of Functionalized CuO/Al 2O 3 Nanocomposite-Based Polymeric Sensor for Potentiometric Estimation of Naltrexone Hydrochloride in Commercial Formulations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244459. [PMID: 34961010 PMCID: PMC8703699 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrically conductive polymeric nanocomposites with nanoparticles are adaptable types of nanomaterials that are prospective for various applications. The extraordinary features of copper oxide (CuO) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanostructures, encourages extensive studies to prospect these metal oxide nanocomposites as potential electroactive materials in sensing and biosensing applications. This study suggested a new CuO/Al2O3 nanocomposite-based polymeric coated wire membrane sensor for estimating naltrexone hydrochloride (NTX) in commercial formulations. Naltrexone hydrochloride and sodium tetraphenylborate (Na-TPB) were incorporated in the presence of polymeric polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and solvent mediator o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE) to form naltrexone tetraphenylborate (NTX-TPB) as an electroactive material. The modified sensor using NTX-TPB-CuO/Al2O3 nanocomposite displayed high selectivity and sensitivity for the discrimination and quantification of NTX with a linearity range 1.0 × 10-9-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 and a regression equation EmV = (58.25 ± 0.3) log [NTX] + 754.25. Contrarily, the unmodified coated wire sensor of NTX-TPB exhibited a Nernstian response at 1.0 × 10-5-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 and a regression equation EmV = (52.1 ± 0.2) log [NTX] + 406.6. The suggested modified potentiometric system was validated with respect to various criteria using the methodology recommended guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gamal A. E. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (G.A.E.M.); (M.F.E.-T.)
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (G.A.E.M.); (M.F.E.-T.)
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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrosynthesis in the Presence of Mixtures of Flexible-Chain and Rigid-Chain Polyelectrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223866. [PMID: 34833165 PMCID: PMC8623408 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was first carried out in the presence of mixtures of flexible-chain and rigid-chain polyacids and their Na-salts. Earlier on with the example of polyaniline, we have shown the non-additive effect of the rigid-chain component of polyacid mixtures on the electrodeposition of polyaniline films, their morphology and spectroelectrochemical properties. In this study, we confirmed the non-additive effect and showed that such mixed PEDOT-polyelectrolyte films possess unique morphology, spectroelectrochemical and ammonia sensing properties. The electrosynthesis was carried out in potential cycling, galvanostatic and potentiostatic regimes and monitored by in situ UV-Vis spectroscopy. UV-Vis spectroelectrochemistry of the obtained PEDOT-polyelectrolyte films revealed the dominating influence of the rigid-chain polyacid on the electronic structure of the mixed complexes. The mixed PEDOT-polyacid films demonstrated the best ammonia sensing performance (in the range of 5 to 25 ppm) as compared to the films of individual PEDOT-polyelectrolyte films.
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31
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Ariba Bibi, Shakoor A, Seerat-ul-Arooj, Niaz NA. Studies on Electrical, Dielectric and Seebeck Measurement of Polyaniline-Cadmium Oxide Nanocomposite. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009042106004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Raicoski ML, Vivas MG. Photobleaching Kinetics of MEH-PPV in Solution: The Role of Conformational Disorder. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9887-9894. [PMID: 34415151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor polymers are the foundation of organic electronics due to their remarkable optical features, ability to form a thin film, and low cost compared to silicon. However, some of them have intense photobleaching under UV-blue radiation, compromising several applications. In this context, we have investigated the conformational disorder effect on the real-time photobleaching kinetics of a poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV)/chloroform solution under deep-blue radiation. Our results pointed out that a 405 nm diode laser initially causes a significant conformational disorder in the π-conjugated backbone of MEH-PPV as revealed by the Huang-Rhys factor. As a result, a new vibrational mode arises with an energy separation of 230 meV, indicating the substitution of the vinyl (C═C) by carbonyl (C═O) bonds. Then, the conformational disorder reaches a maximum value at some tens of minutes, which is inversely proportional to the polymer concentration, and after that, a random chain scission occurs. Consequently, the effective conjugation length of MEH-PPV in chloroform decreases from nine to three coplanar repetitive units after 1 h of excitation, producing a drastic drop in photoluminescence. Finally, we show that the photobleaching steps are mapped through the conformational disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Leifeld Raicoski
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Óptica e Fotônica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, MG 37715-400, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gonçalves Vivas
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Óptica e Fotônica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, MG 37715-400, Brazil
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33
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Liu Y, Feig VR, Bao Z. Conjugated Polymer for Implantable Electronics toward Clinical Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001916. [PMID: 33899347 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their excellent mechanical flexibility, mixed-conducting electrical property, and extraordinary chemical turnability, conjugated polymers have been demonstrated to be an ideal bioelectronic interface to deliver therapeutic effect in many different chronic diseases. This review article summarizes the latest advances in implantable electronics using conjugated polymers as electroactive materials and identifies remaining challenges and opportunities for developing electronic medicine. Examples of conjugated polymer-based bioelectronic devices are selectively reviewed in human clinical studies or animal studies with the potential for clinical adoption. The unique properties of conjugated polymers are highlighted and exemplified as potential solutions to address the specific challenges in electronic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Vivian Rachel Feig
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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34
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Et Taouil A, Contal E, Lakard S, Lakard B. Investigation of electrochemical oxidative coupling of 3 and 6 substituted carbazoles. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wu P, Wang J, Jiang L. Multi-solvent large stopband monitoring based on the insolubility/superoleophilicity of PEDOT inverse opals. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4519-4527. [PMID: 34355120 PMCID: PMC8315103 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and post-processing of organic solvents are important for environmental protection. Challenges remain in the development of a universal material which can detect any solvent with a large stopband shift and show excellent stability. Herein, we demonstrate a poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene inverse opal (PEDOT-IO) with a large stopband shift toward various solvents based on the insolubility/superoleophilicity properties. The PEDOT-IO film was fabricated by the potentiostatic polymerization of 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene using a three-electrode system, infiltrating the interstices of the photonic crystal template with PEDOT and subsequently removing the template. The surface of the PEDOT-IO film presented a composite structure: interconnected pores and hollow shells. When the solvent was introduced into the voids of PEDOT-IO film, the effective refractive index (n) of the whole sample increased due to the replacement of air with the solvent, and the pores and hollow shells showed different degrees of swelling. The synergistic effect of increased n and volume expansion contributed to a large redshift of the stopband of the PEDOT-IO film. PEDOT-IO film exhibited excellent resistance to various solvents and high/low temperature. This work further enriches the application of conductive polymers in solvent-responsive PC sensors and provides a novel means of creating PC-based optical materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences, Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences, Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences, Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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36
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A Disposable Saliva Electrochemical MIP-Based Biosensor for Detection of the Stress Biomarker α-Amylase in Point-of-Care Applications. ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem2030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of artificial receptors based on molecular imprinting (MI) technology for the development of a new MIP-based biosensor for detection of the stress biomarker α-amylase in human saliva in point-of-care (PoC) applications is described in this work. The portable electrochemical devices for monitoring α-amylase consists of cost-effective and disposable gold screen-printed electrodes (AuSPEs). To build the electrochemical device, the template biomolecule was firstly immobilized directly over the working area of the gold chip previously activated with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of cysteamine (CA). Then, pyrrole (Py) monomer was selected as building block of a polymeric network prepared by CV electropolymerization. After the electropolymerization process, the enzyme was removed from the polymer film in order to build the specific recognition sites for the target enzyme. The MIP biosensor showed a very wide linear concentration range (between 3.0 × 10−4 to 0.60 mg mL−1 in buffer solution and between 3.0 × 10−4 to 3.0 × 10−2 mg mL−1 in human saliva) and low detection levels were achieved (LOD < 3.0 × 10−4 mg mL−1) using square wave voltammetry (SWV) as the electroanalytical technique.
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37
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Manzini I, Schild D, Di Natale C. Principles of odor coding in vertebrates and artificial chemosensory systems. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:61-154. [PMID: 34254835 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory systems have led to various artificial olfactory systems using different technical approaches. Here we provide a parallel description of biological olfactory systems and their technical counterparts. We start with a presentation of the input to the systems, the stimuli, and treat the interface between the external world and the environment where receptor neurons or artificial chemosensors reside. We then delineate the functions of receptor neurons and chemosensors as well as their overall I-O relationships. Up to this point, our account of the systems goes along similar lines. The next processing steps differ considerably: while in biology the processing step following the receptor neurons is the "integration" and "processing" of receptor neuron outputs in the olfactory bulb, this step has various realizations in electronic noses. For a long period of time, the signal processing stages beyond the olfactory bulb, i.e., the higher olfactory centers were little studied. Only recently there has been a marked growth of studies tackling the information processing in these centers. In electronic noses, a third stage of processing has virtually never been considered. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of both fields and, for the first time, attempt to tie them together. We hope it will be a breeding ground for better information, communication, and data exchange between very related but so far little connected fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Manzini
- Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Detlev Schild
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Cellular Biophysics, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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38
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Fully integrated ultra-sensitive electronic nose based on organic field-effect transistors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10683. [PMID: 34021171 PMCID: PMC8140082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern solid-state gas sensors approaching ppb-level limit of detection open new perspectives for process control, environmental monitoring and exhaled breath analysis. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are especially promising for gas sensing due to their outstanding sensitivities, low cost and small power consumption. However, they suffer of poor selectivity, requiring development of cross-selective arrays to distinguish analytes, and environmental instability, especially in humid air. Here we present the first fully integrated OFET-based electronic nose with the whole sensor array located on a single substrate. It features down to 30 ppb limit of detection provided by monolayer thick active layers and operates in air with up to 95% relative humidity. By means of principal component analysis, it is able to discriminate toxic air pollutants and monitor meat product freshness. The approach presented paves the way for developing affordable air sensing networks for the Internet of Things.
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39
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Ratautaite V, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Plausinaitis D, Boguzaite R, Balciunas D, Ramanaviciene A, Neunert G, Ramanavicius A. Molecular Imprinting Technology for Determination of Uric Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5032. [PMID: 34068596 PMCID: PMC8126139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The review focuses on the overview of electrochemical sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the determination of uric acid. The importance of robust and precise determination of uric acid is highlighted, a short description of the principles of molecular imprinting technology is presented, and advantages over the others affinity-based analytical methods are discussed. The review is mainly concerned with the electro-analytical methods like cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, amperometry, etc. Moreover, there are some scattered notes to the other electrochemistry-related analytical methods, which are capable of providing additional information and to solve some challenges that are not achievable using standard electrochemical methods. The significance of these overviewed methods is highlighted. The overview of the research that is employing MIPs imprinted with uric acid is mainly targeted to address these topics: (i) type of polymers, which are used to design uric acid imprint structures; (ii) types of working electrodes and/or other parts of signal transducing systems applied for the registration of analytical signal; (iii) the description of the uric acid extraction procedures applied for the design of final MIP-structure; (iv) advantages and disadvantages of electrochemical methods and other signal transducing methods used for the registration of the analytical signal; (vi) overview of types of interfering molecules, which were analyzed to evaluate the selectivity; (vi) comparison of analytical characteristics such as linear range, limits of detection and quantification, reusability, reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. Some insights in future development of uric acid sensors are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Ratautaite
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.R.); (U.S.-B.); (R.B.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.R.); (U.S.-B.); (R.B.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Deivis Plausinaitis
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Raimonda Boguzaite
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.R.); (U.S.-B.); (R.B.)
| | - Domas Balciunas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas—Nanotechnology and Materials Science Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Grażyna Neunert
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.R.); (U.S.-B.); (R.B.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.P.); (D.B.)
- NanoTechnas—Nanotechnology and Materials Science Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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40
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Leila Mouacher, Yahiaoui A, Hachemaoui A, Dehbi A, Benkouider AM, Reguig AB. Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Poly(2-aminothiazole)/Modified-Clay Nanocomposites. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009042103012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Savateev A, Markushyna Y, Schüßlbauer CM, Ullrich T, Guldi DM, Antonietti M. Unconventional Photocatalysis in Conductive Polymers: Reversible Modulation of PEDOT:PSS Conductivity by Long-Lived Poly(Heptazine Imide) Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7436-7443. [PMID: 33259655 PMCID: PMC8048452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In photocatalysis, small organic molecules are converted into desired products using light responsive materials, electromagnetic radiation, and electron mediators. Substitution of low molecular weight reagents with redox active functional materials may increase the utility of photocatalysis beyond organic synthesis and environmental applications. Guided by the general principles of photocatalysis, we design hybrid nanocomposites composed of n-type semiconducting potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI), and p-type conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the redox active substrate. Electrical conductivity of the hybrid nanocomposite, possessing optimal K-PHI content, is reversibly modulated combining a series of external stimuli ranging from visible light under inert conditions and to dark conditions under an O2 atmosphere. Using a conductive polymer as the redox active substrate allows study of the photocatalytic processes mediated by semiconducting photocatalysts through electrical conductivity measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Christoph M. Schüßlbauer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Tobias Ullrich
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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42
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Gualandi I, Tessarolo M, Mariani F, Possanzini L, Scavetta E, Fraboni B. Textile Chemical Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers for the Analysis of Sweat. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:894. [PMID: 33799437 PMCID: PMC8000821 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable textile chemical sensors are promising devices due to the potential applications in medicine, sports activities and occupational safety and health. Reaching the maturity required for commercialization is a technology challenge that mainly involves material science because these sensors should be adapted to flexible and light-weight substrates to preserve the comfort of the wearer. Conductive polymers (CPs) are a fascinating solution to meet this demand, as they exhibit the mechanical properties of polymers, with an electrical conductivity typical of semiconductors. Moreover, their biocompatibility makes them promising candidates for effectively interfacing the human body. In particular, sweat analysis is very attractive to wearable technologies as perspiration is a naturally occurring process and sweat can be sampled non-invasively and continuously over time. This review discusses the role of CPs in the development of textile electrochemical sensors specifically designed for real-time sweat monitoring and the main challenges related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isacco Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Federica Mariani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luca Possanzini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
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43
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Possetto D, Fernández L, Marzari G, Fungo F. Electrochemical bubble generation via hydrazine oxidation for the in situ control of an electrodeposited conducting polymer micro/-nanostructure. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11020-11025. [PMID: 35423569 PMCID: PMC8695890 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a simple, in situ, on step and highly repeatable electrochemical method that allows controlling the nanostructure of electrodeposited polymer films is reported. As an example, the tuning of the electrodeposited polypyrrole nanostructures using inert gas bubbles as the template at the electrode surface generated by the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine is shown. The hydrazine discharge occurs at a lower potential regarding the beginning of pyrrole electropolymerization process, which allows the modulation of the density and size of the bubbles on the surface electrode controlling electrochemical parameters (applied potential, concentration, time, etc.). Subsequently, the applied potential is moved to where the pyrrole polymerization begins, which induces the material discharges around the bubble template producing polypyrrole hollow structures with definite patterns on the electrode surface. This methodology is proposed as a simple model for the electrodeposition with the morphological control of a wide range of conductive polymers. An electrochemical method to manipulate the size and density of electrodeposited polypyrrole structures at the micro-nanoscale by the discharge of hydrazine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- David Possetto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados, (UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal 3 (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - Luciana Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados, (UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal 3 (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - Gabriela Marzari
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados, (UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal 3 (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - Fernando Fungo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados, (UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal 3 (X5804BYA) Río Cuarto Argentina
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44
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Hussin H, Gan SN, Phang SW. Effect of functional groups in the PAni-cellulose derivatives-based sensor in hydrazine detection. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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45
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Savateev A, Markushyna Y, Schüßlbauer CM, Ullrich T, Guldi DM, Antonietti M. Unkonventionelle Photokatalyse in leitfähigen Polymeren: Reversible Modulation der Leitfähigkeit von PEDOT:PSS durch langlebige Polyheptazinimid‐Radikale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Savateev
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Christoph M. Schüßlbauer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Tobias Ullrich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
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46
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Fathi AM, Mandour HS, HassaneAnouar E. Characteristics of multidentate schiff base ligand and its complexes using cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence, antimicrobial behavior and DFT-calculations. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Tan J, Hussain S, Ge C, Zhan M, Liu J, Liu S, Liu G, Qiao G. Construction of hierarchical trimetallic organic framework leaf-like nanostructures derived from carbon nanotubes for gas-sensing applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123155. [PMID: 32593018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unique trimetallic organic material (TMOM)-based nanostructures combined with the new architectures of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for gas-sensing applications. This work is the first to successfully convert MOF nanomaterials into nano-porous carbon through carbon nanotubes (CNT) catalytic reaction via a simple and facile hydrothermal method. The leaf-like nanostructures exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio of 363 m2 g-1. The TMOM nanostructures were subsequently exposed to different types of target gases for a wide range of gas concentrations at different operating temperatures. The carbon nanotubes (TMOM-CNT) hybrid nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectrum analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The fabricated Zn-Co-Ni MOF@CNT sensors exhibit high selectivity and gas-sensing response toward H2S gas at an optimal temperature of 325 °C for 100 ppm. These superior gas-sensing performances reveal that the Zn-Co-Ni MOF@CNT sensors with a unique leaf shape exhibit potential applications for the environment applications in gas sensor industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shahid Hussain
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Chuanxin Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Siwei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guiwu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Guanjun Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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48
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Bolat G, Yaman YT, Kuralay F, Abaci S. Ultrathin polypyrrole films on
self‐assembled
monolayers as an efficient ultramicroelectrode assay. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Bolat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Yesim T. Yaman
- Advanced Technologies Application and Research CenterHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Filiz Kuralay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Serdar Abaci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
- Advanced Technologies Application and Research CenterHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
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49
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Wagner M, Wagner K, Barnsley JE, Veksha A, Wagner P, Gordon KC, Bobacka J, Wallace GG, Ivaska A, Officer DL, Lisak G. Polyterthiophenes Cross‐Linked with Terpyridyl Metal Complexes for Molecular Architecture of Optically and Electrochemically Tunable Materials. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wagner
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3 C) Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One 637141 Singapore
| | - Klaudia Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute University of Wollongong NSW 2522 Wollongong Australia
| | | | - Andrei Veksha
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3 C) Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One 637141 Singapore
| | - Paweł Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute University of Wollongong NSW 2522 Wollongong Australia
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Chemistry Department University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Johan Bobacka
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Åbo Akademi University 20500 Åbo- Turku Finland
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute University of Wollongong NSW 2522 Wollongong Australia
| | - Ari Ivaska
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Åbo Akademi University 20500 Åbo- Turku Finland
| | - David L. Officer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute University of Wollongong NSW 2522 Wollongong Australia
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3 C) Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One 637141 Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
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Moein MM. Advancements of chiral molecularly imprinted polymers in separation and sensor fields: A review of the last decade. Talanta 2020; 224:121794. [PMID: 33379023 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since chiral recognition mechanism based on molecularly imprinted polymers immerged, it has assisted countless chemical and electrochemical analytical sample preparation techniques. It has done this by enhancing the enatioseparation abilities of these techniques. The preparation and optimization of chiral molecularly imprinted polymers (CMIPs) are two favored methods in the separation and sensor fields. This review aims to present an overview of advances in the preparation and application of CMIPs in analytical approaches in different available formats (eg. column, monolithic column, cartridge, membrane, nanomaterials, pipette tip and stir bar sorptive) over the last decade. In addition, progress in the preparation and development of CMIPs-based sensor fields have been also discussed. Finally, the main application challenges of CMIPs are also summarily explained, as well as upcoming prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Karolinska Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Akademiska stråket 1, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Akademiska stråket 1, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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