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Yao C, Li Z, Sun K, Zhang Y, Shou S, Jin H. Mitochondrial dysfunction in acute kidney injury. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2393262. [PMID: 39192578 PMCID: PMC11360640 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2393262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a systemic clinical syndrome increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide in recent years. Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) death caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the pathogeneses. The imbalance of mitochondrial quality control is the main cause of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial quality control plays a crucial role in AKI. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms are involved in regulating mitochondrial integrity and function, including antioxidant defense, mitochondrial quality control, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) repair, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Currently, many studies have used mitochondrial dysfunction as a targeted therapeutic strategy for AKI. Therefore, this review aims to present the latest research advancements on mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI, providing a valuable reference and theoretical foundation for clinical prevention and treatment of this condition, ultimately enhancing patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Keke Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Songtao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhu Q, Du J, Li Y, Qin X, He R, Ma H, Liang X. Downregulation of glucose-energy metabolism via AMPK signaling pathway in granulosa cells of diminished ovarian reserve patients. Gene 2024; 933:148979. [PMID: 39366473 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism plays a crucial role in the function of granulosa cells (GCs) and the development of follicles. In cases of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), alterations in these processes can impact female fertility. This study aims to investigate changes in glucose-energy metabolism in GCs of young DOR patients aged 20 to 35 years and their correlation with the onset and progression of DOR. 72 DOR cases and 75 women with normal ovarian reserve (NOR) as controls were included based on the POSEIDON and Bologna criteria. Samples of GCs and follicular fluid (FF) were collected for a comprehensive analysis involving transcriptomics, metabolomics, RT-qPCR, JC-1 staining, and flow cytometry. The study identified differentially expressed genes and metabolites in GCs of DOR and NOR groups, revealing 7 common pathways related to glucose-energy metabolism, along with 11 downregulated genes and 14 metabolites. Key substances in the glucose-energy metabolism pathway, such as succinate, lactate, NADP, ATP, and ADP, showed decreased levels, with the DOR group exhibiting a reduced ADP/ATP ratio. Downregulation of genes involved in glycolysis (HK, PGK, LDH1), the TCA cycle (CS), and gluconeogenesis (PCK) was observed, along with reduced glucose content and expression of glucose transporter genes (GLUT1 and GLUT3) in DOR GCs. Additionally, decreased AMPK pathway activity and impaired mitochondrial function in DOR suggest a connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupted energy metabolism. Above all, the decline in glucose-energy metabolism in DOR is closely associated with its onset and progression. Reduced glucose uptake and impaired mitochondrial function in DOR GCs lead to internal energy imbalances, hindering the AMPK signaling pathway, limiting energy production and supply, and ultimately impacting follicle development and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Junhong Du
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yi Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Xue Qin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Ruifen He
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Hao Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Xiaolei Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Lanzhou, China.
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Wang H, Xiong W, Laram Y, Hu L, Zhong W, Hu Y. Exploring the potential mechanism of Radix Bupleuri in the treatment of sepsis: a study based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:347. [PMID: 39354431 PMCID: PMC11446011 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore, using network pharmacology and RNA-seq technologies, potential active targets and mechanisms underpinning Radix Bupleuri's effectiveness during sepsis treatment. METHODS Following the Sepsis-3.0 criteria, the research cohort, comprising 23 sepsis patients and 10 healthy participants, was obtained from public databases. Peripheral blood samples were collected and subjected to RNA-seq analysis. Active ingredients and potential targets of Radix Bupleuri were identified using the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2.0 (BATMAN-TCM 2.0) database and TCMSP database. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were conducted to explore cross-targets between disease and drugs. Survival analysis of key targets was performed using the GSE65682 dataset, and single-cell RNA-seq was employed for cellular localization analysis of key genes. Finally, molecular docking and Molecular dynamics simulation of the core target was conducted. RESULTS Differential expression analysis revealed 4253 genes associated with sepsis. Seventy-six active components and 1030 potential targets of Radix Bupleuri were identified. PPI, GO, and pathway enrichment analyses indicated involvement in the regulation of transmembrane transport, monatomic ion transport, and MAPK signaling. Survival curve analysis identified PIK3CD, ARRB2, SUCLG1, and SPI1 as key targets associated with lower mortality in the high expression group, while higher mortality was observed in the high PNP and FURIN expression groups. Single-cell RNA sequencing unveiled the cellular localization of PIK3CD, PNP, SPI1, and FURIN within macrophages, while ARRB2 and SUCLG1 exhibited localization in both macrophages and T-cells. Subsequent molecular docking and Molecular dynamics simulation indicated a potential binding interaction for Carvone-PIK3CD, Encecalin-ARRB2, Lauric Acid-SUCLG1, Pulegone-FURIN, Nootkatone-SPI1, and Saikogenin F-PNP. CONCLUSION Radix Bupleuri could modulate immune function by affecting PIK3CD, ARRB2, SUCLG1, FURIN, SPI1, and PNP, thereby potentially improving the prognosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchu Laram
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingchun Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Sanadgol N, Amini J, Khalseh R, Bakhshi M, Nikbin A, Beyer C, Zendehdel A. Mitochondrial genome-derived circRNAs: Orphan epigenetic regulators in molecular biology. Mitochondrion 2024; 79:101968. [PMID: 39321951 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital for cellular activities, influencing ATP production, Ca2+ signaling, and reactive oxygen species generation. It has been proposed that nuclear genome-derived circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a role in biological processes. For the first time, this study aims to comprehensively explore experimentally confirmed human mitochondrial genome-derived circRNAs (mt-circRNAs) via in-silico analysis. We utilized wide-ranging bioinformatics tools to anticipate their roles in molecular biology, involving miRNA sponging, protein antagonism, and peptide translation. Among five well-characterized mt-circRNAs, SCAR/mc-COX2 stands out as particularly significant with the potential to sponge around 41 different miRNAs, which target several genes mostly involved in endocytosis, MAP kinase, and PI3K-Akt pathways. Interestingly, circMNTND5 and mecciND1 specifically interact with miRNAs through their unique back-splice junction sequence. These exclusively targeted miRNAs (has-miR-5186, 6888-5p, 8081, 924, 672-5p) are predominantly associated with insulin secretion, proteoglycans in cancer, and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, all mt-circRNAs intricately affect the P53 pathway through miRNA sequestration. Remarkably, mc-COX2 and circMNTND5 appear to be involved in the RNA's biogenesis by antagonizing AGO1/2, EIF4A3, and DGCR8. All mt-circRNAs engaged with IGF2BP proteins crucial in redox signaling, and except mecciND1, they all potentially generate at least one protein resembling the immunoglobulin heavy chain protein. Given P53's function as a redox-sensitive transcription factor, and insulin's role as a crucial regulator of energy metabolism, their indirect interplay with mt-circRNAs could influence cellular outcomes. However, due to limited attention and infrequent data availability, it is advisable to conduct more thorough investigations to gain a deeper understanding of the functions of mt-circRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Sanadgol
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Javad Amini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, 94149-75516 Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Khalseh
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhshi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kharazmi University, 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Nikbin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adib Zendehdel
- Institut of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Cha JH, Lee SH, Yun Y, Choi WH, Koo H, Jung SH, Chae HB, Lee DH, Lee SJ, Jo DH, Kim JH, Song JJ, Chae JH, Lee JH, Park J, Kang JY, Bae S, Lee SY. Discovery of novel disease-causing mutation in SSBP1 and its correction using adenine base editor to improve mitochondrial function. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102257. [PMID: 39104869 PMCID: PMC11299580 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in nuclear genes regulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication are associated with mtDNA depletion syndromes. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified a heterozygous mutation (c.272G>A:p.Arg91Gln) in single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1), a crucial protein involved in mtDNA replisome. The proband manifested symptoms including sensorineural deafness, congenital cataract, optic atrophy, macular dystrophy, and myopathy. This mutation impeded multimer formation and DNA-binding affinity, leading to reduced efficiency of mtDNA replication, altered mitochondria dynamics, and compromised mitochondrial function. To correct this mutation, we tested two adenine base editor (ABE) variants on patient-derived fibroblasts. One variant, NG-Cas9-based ABE8e (NG-ABE8e), showed higher editing efficacy (≤30%) and enhanced mitochondrial replication and function, despite off-target editing frequencies; however, risks from bystander editing were limited due to silent mutations and off-target sites in non-translated regions. The other variant, NG-Cas9-based ABE8eWQ (NG-ABE8eWQ), had a safer therapeutic profile with very few off-target effects, but this came at the cost of lower editing efficacy (≤10% editing). Despite this, NG-ABE8eWQ-edited cells still restored replication and improved mtDNA copy number, which in turn recovery of compromised mitochondrial function. Taken together, base editing-based gene therapies may be a promising treatment for mitochondrial diseases, including those associated with SSBP1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyuen Cha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Yun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Koo
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Byung Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seok Jae Lee
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center of Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Keshavan N, Rahman S. Natural history of deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 143:108554. [PMID: 39079226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency is one genetic cause of mtDNA depletion syndrome. Its major phenotypes include neonatal/infantile-onset hepatocerebral disease, isolated hepatic disease and myopathic disease. In this retrospective study, we seek to describe the natural history of deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency and identify any genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS Retrospective literature search and collation of data from genetically confirmed cases of deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency. RESULTS 173 cases of DGUOK deficiency were identified. Neonatal/infantile-onset hepatocerebral disease accounted for 128 (74%) of cases. Isolated liver disease was seen in 36 (21%) and myopathic disease in 9 (5%) of cases. The most frequently involved systems were liver (98%), brain (75%), growth (46%) and gastrointestinal tract (26%). Infantile-onset disease typically presented with cholestatic jaundice and lactic acidosis. Neurological involvement included hypotonia, nystagmus and developmental delay with MRI brain abnormalities in about half of cases. Missense variants accounted for 48% of all pathogenic variants while variants resulting in truncated transcripts accounted for 39%. Prognosis was poor, especially for neonatal/ infantile-onset hepatocerebral disease for which 1 year survival was 11%. Twenty-three patients received liver transplants, of whom 12 died within 2 years of transplant. Patients with two truncating variants had a higher risk of death and were more likely to have the neonatal/infantile-onset hepatocerebral disease phenotype. No blood biomarker predictive of neurological involvement was identified. Earlier onset correlated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS There is a narrow window for therapeutic intervention. For the hepatocerebral disease phenotype, median age of onset was 1 month while the median age of death was 6.5 months implying rapid disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandaki Keshavan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.
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Kumar J, Kowluru RA. Mitochondrial DNA transcription and mitochondrial genome-encoded long noncoding RNA in diabetic retinopathy. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101925. [PMID: 38944370 PMCID: PMC11390302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
In diabetic retinopathy, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is damaged and mtDNA-encoded genes and long noncoding RNA cytochrome B (LncCytB) are downregulated. LncRNAs lack an open reading frame, but they can regulate gene expression by associating with DNA/RNA/protein. Double stranded mtDNA has promoters on both heavy (HSP) and light (LSP) strands with binding sites for mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) between them. The aim was to investigate the role of LncCytB in mtDNA transcription in diabetic retinopathy. Using human retinal endothelial cells incubated in high glucose, the effect of regulation of LncCytB on TFAM binding at mtDNA promoters was investigated by Chromatin immunoprecipitation, and binding of LncCytB at TFAM by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. High glucose decreased TFAM binding at both HSP and LSP, and binding of LncCytB at TFAM. While LncCytB overexpression ameliorated decrease in TFAM binding and transcription of genes encoded by both H- and L- strands, LncCytB-siRNA further downregulated them. Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis by overexpressing mitochondrial superoxide dismutase or Sirtuin-1 protected diabetes-induced decrease in TFAM binding at mtDNA and LncCytB binding at TFAM, and mtDNA transcription. Similar results were obtained from mouse retinal microvessels from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Thus, LncCytB facilitates recruitment of TFAM at HSP and LSP, and its downregulation in diabetes compromises the binding, resulting in the downregulation of polypeptides encoded by mtDNA. Regulation of LncCytB, in addition to protecting mitochondrial genomic stability, should also help in maintaining the transcription of mtDNA encoded genes and electron transport chain integrity in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kumar
- Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, 4717 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Renu A Kowluru
- Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, 4717 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Kumar J, Malaviya P, Kowluru RA. Mitochondrial Genome-Encoded Long Noncoding RNA Cytochrome B (Lnc CytB) and Mitochondrial Ribonucleases in Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1637. [PMID: 39200102 PMCID: PMC11351977 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Hyperglycemia damages mitochondria and downregulates transcription of mtDNA-encoded genes and the long noncoding RNA LncCytB, causing mitochondrial genomic instability. The genes encoded by mtDNA are transcribed as large polycistronic transcripts, and the 5' ends of precursor tRNAs are processed by mitochondrial-targeted ribonuclease P (MRPPs). Our aim was to investigate the role of MRPP1 in the downregulation of LncCytB in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Using human retinal endothelial cells incubated in 20 mM D-glucose for 96 h, the gene expression and mitochondrial localization (immunofluorescence) of MRPP1 and the interaction between MRPP1 and LncCytB (determined by RNA-FISH and RNA immunoprecipitation) were quantified. The results were confirmed in retinal microvessels from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and from human donors with documented diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS Compared to normal glucose, high glucose decreased mRNA and mitochondrial localization of MRPP1 and its interaction with LncCytB. While MRPP1 overexpression prevented glucose-induced decrease in MRPP1-LncCytB interaction, LncCytB expression and mitochondrial damage (reduction in protective nucleoids in mtDNA), MRPP1-siRNA further worsened them. Similar results were obtained from retinal microvessels from diabetic mice and from human donors with diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of MRPP1 in diabetes suppresses LncCytB transcription, resulting in mitochondrial functional and genomic instability, ultimately leading to the development of diabetic retinopathy. Thus, preventing MRPP1 downregulation has the potential to inhibit retinopathy and prevent the fear of vision loss in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renu A. Kowluru
- Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, 4717 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Wei LY, Chen XQ, Huang L, Shan QW, Tang Q. Liver transplantation for mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome caused by MPV17 deficiency: a case report and literature review. Front Surg 2024; 11:1348806. [PMID: 39055132 PMCID: PMC11269130 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1348806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the effectiveness of liver transplantation (LT) in treating mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS) caused by the MPV17 gene variant. Case presentation A boy aged 2.8 years presented with edema of the lower limbs and abdomen, which persisted for over 10 days and was of unknown origin; this was accompanied by abnormal liver function, intractable hypoglycemia, and hyperlactatemia. During the second week of onset, he developed acute-on-chronic liver failure and was diagnosed with MDS due to homozygous variant c.293C>T in the MPV17 gene. Subsequently, he underwent LT from a cadaveric donor. At follow-up after 15 months, his liver function was found to be normal, without any symptoms. Additionally, a literature review was performed that included MDS patients with the MPV17 variant who underwent LT. The results demonstrated that the survival rates for MDS patients who underwent LT were 69.5%, 38.6%, 38.6%, and 38.6% at 1-year, 5-year, 10-year, and 20-year intervals, respectively. Sub-group analyses revealed the survival rate of MDS patients with isolated liver disease (83.33%, 5/6) was higher than that of hepatocerebral MDS patients (44.44%, 8/18). Fifteen variants were identified in the MPV17 gene, and patients with the c.293C>T (p.P98l) variant exhibited the highest survival rate. Conclusion Hepatocerebral MDS patients without neurological symptoms may benefit from LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yuan Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qing-Wen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Shelton GD, Mickelson JR, Friedenberg SG, Cullen JN, Mehra JM, Guo LT, Minor KM. Multi-Allelic Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in an Adult Dog with Chronic Weakness, Exercise Intolerance and Lactic Acidemia. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1946. [PMID: 38998058 PMCID: PMC11240360 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: An adult dog was presented to a board-certified veterinary neurologist for evaluation of chronic weakness, exercise intolerance and lactic acidemia. (2) Methods: A mitochondrial myopathy was diagnosed based on the histological and histochemical phenotype of numerous COX-negative muscle fibers. Whole-genome sequencing established the presence of multiple extended deletions in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), with the highest prevalence between the 1-11 kb positions of the approximately 16 kb mitochondrial chromosome. Such findings are typically suggestive of an underlying nuclear genome variant affecting mitochondrial replication, repair, or metabolism. (3) Results: Numerous variants in the nuclear genome unique to the case were identified in the whole-genome sequence data, and one, the insertion of a DYNLT1 retrogene, whose parent gene is a regulator of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), was considered a plausible causal variant. (4) Conclusions: Here, we add mitochondrial deletion disorders to the spectrum of myopathies affecting adult dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0709, USA
| | - James R Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Steven G Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jonah N Cullen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jaya M Mehra
- VCA Animal Care Center of Sonoma County, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Ling T Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0709, USA
| | - Katie M Minor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Yuan H, Liu Z, Chen M, Xu Q, Jiang Y, Zhang T, Suo C, Chen X. Protein truncating variants in mitochondrial-related nuclear genes and the risk of chronic liver disease. BMC Med 2024; 22:239. [PMID: 38862964 PMCID: PMC11167739 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial (MT) dysfunction is a hallmark of liver diseases. However, the effects of functional variants such as protein truncating variants (PTVs) in MT-related genes on the risk of liver diseases have not been extensively explored. METHODS We extracted 60,928 PTVs across 2466 MT-related nucleus genes using whole-exome sequencing data obtained from 442,603 participants in the UK Biobank. We examined their associations with liver dysfunction that represented by the liver-related biomarkers and the risks of chronic liver diseases and liver-related mortality. RESULTS 96.10% of the total participants carried at least one PTV. We identified 866 PTVs that were positively associated with liver dysfunction at the threshold of P value < 8.21e - 07. The coding genes of these PTVs were mainly enriched in pathways related to lipid, fatty acid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolisms. The 866 PTVs were presented in 1.07% (4721) of participants. Compared with participants who did not carry any of the PTVs, the carriers had a 5.33-fold (95% CI 4.15-6.85), 2.82-fold (1.69-4.72), and 4.41-fold (3.04-6.41) increased risk for fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver, liver cancer, and liver disease-related mortality, respectively. These adverse effects were consistent across subgroups based on age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and presence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a significant impact of PTVs in MT-related genes on liver disease risk, highlighting the importance of these variants in identifying populations at risk of liver diseases and facilitating early clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiaoyi Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Chen Suo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, China.
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12
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Bernardino Gomes TM, Vincent AE, Menger KE, Stewart JB, Nicholls TJ. Mechanisms and pathologies of human mitochondrial DNA replication and deletion formation. Biochem J 2024; 481:683-715. [PMID: 38804971 PMCID: PMC11346376 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Human mitochondria possess a multi-copy circular genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), that is essential for cellular energy metabolism. The number of copies of mtDNA per cell, and their integrity, are maintained by nuclear-encoded mtDNA replication and repair machineries. Aberrant mtDNA replication and mtDNA breakage are believed to cause deletions within mtDNA. The genomic location and breakpoint sequences of these deletions show similar patterns across various inherited and acquired diseases, and are also observed during normal ageing, suggesting a common mechanism of deletion formation. However, an ongoing debate over the mechanism by which mtDNA replicates has made it difficult to develop clear and testable models for how mtDNA rearrangements arise and propagate at a molecular and cellular level. These deletions may impair energy metabolism if present in a high proportion of the mtDNA copies within the cell, and can be seen in primary mitochondrial diseases, either in sporadic cases or caused by autosomal variants in nuclear-encoded mtDNA maintenance genes. These mitochondrial diseases have diverse genetic causes and multiple modes of inheritance, and show notoriously broad clinical heterogeneity with complex tissue specificities, which further makes establishing genotype-phenotype relationships challenging. In this review, we aim to cover our current understanding of how the human mitochondrial genome is replicated, the mechanisms by which mtDNA replication and repair can lead to mtDNA instability in the form of large-scale rearrangements, how rearranged mtDNAs subsequently accumulate within cells, and the pathological consequences when this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M. Bernardino Gomes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- NHS England Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Amy E. Vincent
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Katja E. Menger
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - James B. Stewart
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Thomas J. Nicholls
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
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13
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Zhou Y, Huang X, Jin Y, Qiu M, Ambe PC, Basharat Z, Hong W. The role of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns in acute pancreatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116690. [PMID: 38718519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. Current treatments remain unspecific and supportive due to the severity and clinical course of AP, which can fluctuate rapidly and unpredictably. Mitochondria, cellular power plant to produce energy, are involved in a variety of physiological or pathological activities in human body. There is a growing evidence indicating that mitochondria damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) play an important role in pathogenesis and progression of AP. With the pro-inflammatory properties, released mtDAMPs may damage pancreatic cells by binding with receptors, activating downstream molecules and releasing inflammatory factors. This review focuses on the possible interaction between AP and mtDAMPs, which include cytochrome c (Cyt c), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cardiolipin (CL), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and succinate, with focus on experimental research and potential therapeutic targets in clinical practice. Preventing or diminishing the release of mtDAMPs or targeting the mtDAMPs receptors might have a role in AP progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhao Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter C Ambe
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral Surgery and Coloproctology, Vinzenz-Pallotti-Hospital Bensberg, Vinzenz-Pallotti-Str. 20-24, Bensberg 51429, Germany
| | | | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Carey AR, Miller NR, Cui H, Allis K, Balog A, Bai R, Vernon HJ. Myopathy and Ophthalmologic Abnormalities in Association With Multiple Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial DNA Deletions. J Neuroophthalmol 2024; 44:247-252. [PMID: 37665646 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing a molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases due to pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants can be difficult because of varying levels of tissue heteroplasmy, and identifying these variants is important for clinical management. Here, we present clinical and molecular findings in 8 adult patients with classical features of mitochondrial ophthalmologic and/or muscle disease and multiple mtDNA deletions isolated to muscle. METHODS The patients were identified via a retrospective review of patients seen in both a tertiary ophthalmology center and a genetics clinic with a clinical diagnosis of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, optic nerve abnormalities, and/or mitochondrial myopathy. Age at onset of symptoms ranged from 18 to 61 years. Ocular manifestations included bilateral optic neuropathy in one patient, bilateral optic disc cupping without optic neuropathy in 2 patients, ptosis in 4 patients, and ocular motility deficits in 2 patients. Five patients had generalized weakness. RESULTS Pathogenic variants in mtDNA were not found in the blood or buccal sample from any patient, but 7 of 8 patients had multiple mtDNA deletions identified in muscle tissue. One patient had a single mtDNA deletion identified in the muscle. Heteroplasmy was less than 15% for all of the identified deletions, with the exception of one deletion that had a heteroplasmy of 50%-60%. None of the patients were found to have a nuclear gene variant known to be associated with mitochondrial DNA maintenance. CONCLUSIONS mtDNA deletions were identified in adult patients with ophthalmologic and/or musle abnormalities and may underlie their clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Carey
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Division (ARC, NRM), Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; GeneDx (HC, KA, AB, RB), Gaithersburg, Maryland; and Department of Genetic Medicine (HJV), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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15
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Gu X, Chen Y, Cao K, Tu M, Liu W, Ju J. Therapeutic landscape in systemic lupus erythematosus: mtDNA activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112114. [PMID: 38652968 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) serves as a pivotal immune stimulus in the immune response. During stress, mitochondria release mtDNA into the cytoplasm, where it is recognized by the cytoplasmic DNA receptor cGAS. This activation initiates the cGAS-STING-IRF3 pathway, culminating in an inflammatory response. The cGAS-STING pathway has emerged as a critical mediator of inflammatory responses in microbial infections, stress, autoimmune diseases, chronic illnesses, and tissue injuries. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by connective tissue involvement across various bodily systems. Its hallmark is the production of numerous autoantibodies, which prompt the immune system to target and damage the body's own tissues, resulting in organ and tissue damage. Increasing evidence implicates the cGAS-STING pathway as a significant contributor to SLE pathogenesis. This article aims to explore the role of the mtDNA-triggered cGAS-STING pathway and its mechanisms in SLE, with the goal of providing novel insights for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Kunyu Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Miao Tu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Jiyu Ju
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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16
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Hazra N, Ray R, Banerjee A. Rapid targeting and imaging of mitochondria via carbon dots using an amino acid-based amphiphile as a carrier. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9827-9835. [PMID: 38695525 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Green-fluorescent biocompatible carbon dots with a quantum yield of 40% were successfully synthesized through a solvothermal process and then they are comprehensively characterized. The carbon dots showed a negatively charged surface owing to the presence of carboxylic groups. This negative surface charge hinders the effective targeting and imaging of mitochondria. To address this limitation, a new approach is developed in this study. An amphiphile containing phenylalanine, with a positively charged polar head consisting of triphenylphosphine and a hydrophobic aliphatic tail, was designed, synthesized, purified, and characterized. This amphiphile formed spherical micelle-type nanostructures in an aqueous medium in the aggregated state. Although these nanoprobes lack inherent fluorescence, they exhibited the capability to image mitochondria when their spherical micelle-type nanostructures were decorated with negatively charged fluorescent nanocarbon dots in both cancerous (KB cells) and non-cancerous (CHO cells) cell lines. Notably, carbon dots without the amphiphile failed to penetrate the cell membrane as they exhibited significantly low emission inside the cell. This study extensively explored the cell entry mechanism of the hybrid nanoprobes. The photophysical changes and the interaction between the negatively charged carbon dots and the positively charged nanospheres of the amphiphile were also analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Hazra
- School of Biological Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Reeddhi Ray
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- School of Biological Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
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17
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Deng X, Mo Y, Zhu X. Deciphering Müller cell heterogeneity signatures in diabetic retinopathy across species: an integrative single-cell analysis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:265. [PMID: 38698486 PMCID: PMC11067085 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of visual impairment, demands a profound comprehension of its cellular mechanisms to formulate effective therapeutic strategies. Our study presentes a comprehensive single-cell analysis elucidating the intricate landscape of Müller cells within DR, emphasizing their nuanced involvement. Utilizing scRNA-seq data from both Sprague-Dawley rat models and human patients, we delineated distinct Müller cell clusters and their corresponding gene expression profiles. These findings were further validated through differential gene expression analysis utilizing human transcriptomic data. Notably, certain Müller cell clusters displayed upregulation of the Rho gene, implying a phagocytic response to damaged photoreceptors within the DR microenvironment. This phenomenon was consistently observed across species. Additionally, the co-expression patterns of RHO and PDE6G within Müller cell clusters provided compelling evidence supporting their potential role in maintaining retinal integrity during DR. Our results offer novel insights into the cellular dynamics of DR and underscore Müller cells as promising therapeutic targets for preserving vision in retinal disorders induced by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Deng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Mo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiuying Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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18
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Wang S, Gai L, Chen Y, Ji X, Lu H, Guo Z. Mitochondria-targeted BODIPY dyes for small molecule recognition, bio-imaging and photodynamic therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3976-4019. [PMID: 38450547 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00456b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for a diverse array of biological functions. There is increasing research focus on developing efficient tools for mitochondria-targeted detection and treatment. BODIPY dyes, known for their structural versatility and excellent spectroscopic properties, are being actively explored in this context. Numerous studies have focused on developing innovative BODIPYs that utilize optical signals for imaging mitochondria. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the progress made in this field, aiming to investigate mitochondria-related biological events. It covers key factors such as design strategies, spectroscopic properties, and cytotoxicity, as well as mechanism to facilitate their future application in organelle imaging and targeted therapy. This work is anticipated to provide valuable insights for guiding future development and facilitating further investigation into mitochondria-related biological sensing and phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lizhi Gai
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hua Lu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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19
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Brañas Casas R, Zuppardo A, Risato G, Dinarello A, Celeghin R, Fontana C, Grelloni E, Gilea AI, Viscomi C, Rasola A, Dalla Valle L, Lodi T, Baruffini E, Facchinello N, Argenton F, Tiso N. Zebrafish polg2 knock-out recapitulates human POLG-disorders; implications for drug treatment. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:281. [PMID: 38643274 PMCID: PMC11032366 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma is a holoenzyme, involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and maintenance, composed of a catalytic subunit (POLG) and a dimeric accessory subunit (POLG2) conferring processivity. Mutations in POLG or POLG2 cause POLG-related diseases in humans, leading to a subset of Mendelian-inherited mitochondrial disorders characterized by mtDNA depletion (MDD) or accumulation of multiple deletions, presenting multi-organ defects and often leading to premature death at a young age. Considering the paucity of POLG2 models, we have generated a stable zebrafish polg2 mutant line (polg2ia304) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, carrying a 10-nucleotide deletion with frameshift mutation and premature stop codon. Zebrafish polg2 homozygous mutants present slower development and decreased viability compared to wild type siblings, dying before the juvenile stage. Mutants display a set of POLG-related phenotypes comparable to the symptoms of human patients affected by POLG-related diseases, including remarkable MDD, altered mitochondrial network and dynamics, and reduced mitochondrial respiration. Histological analyses detected morphological alterations in high-energy demanding tissues, along with a significant disorganization of skeletal muscle fibres. Consistent with the last finding, locomotor assays highlighted a decreased larval motility. Of note, treatment with the Clofilium tosylate drug, previously shown to be effective in POLG models, could partially rescue MDD in Polg2 mutant animals. Altogether, our results point at zebrafish as an effective model to study the etiopathology of human POLG-related disorders linked to POLG2, and a suitable platform to screen the efficacy of POLG-directed drugs in POLG2-associated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Zuppardo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Giovanni Risato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Alberto Dinarello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Rudy Celeghin
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Camilla Fontana
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Lodi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian Research Council (CNR), 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy.
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20
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Winstanley YE, Liu J, Adhikari D, Gonzalez MB, Russell DL, Carroll J, Robker RL. Dynamics of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Membrane Potential in Mouse Pre-Implantation Embryos: Responses to Diverse Types of Oxidative Stress. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:367. [PMID: 38540426 PMCID: PMC10970549 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria undergo a myriad of changes during pre-implantation embryo development, including shifts in activity levels and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. However, how these distinct aspects of mitochondrial function are linked and their responsiveness to diverse stressors is not well understood. Here, we show that mtDNA content increased between 8-cell embryos and the blastocyst stage, with similar copy numbers per cell in the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). In contrast, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was higher in TE than ICM. Culture in ambient oxygen (20% O2) altered both aspects of mitochondrial function: the mtDNA copy number was upregulated in ICM, while MMP was diminished in TE. Embryos cultured in 20% O2 also exhibited delayed development kinetics, impaired implantation, and reduced mtDNA levels in E18 fetal liver. A model of oocyte mitochondrial stress using rotenone showed only a modest effect on on-time development and did not alter the mtDNA copy number in ICM; however, following embryo transfer, mtDNA was higher in the fetal heart. Lastly, endogenous mitochondrial dysfunction, induced by maternal age and obesity, altered the blastocyst mtDNA copy number, but not within the ICM. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial activity and mtDNA content exhibit cell-specific changes and are differentially responsive to diverse types of oxidative stress during pre-implantation embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmyn E. Winstanley
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (Y.E.W.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Macarena B. Gonzalez
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (Y.E.W.)
| | - Darryl L. Russell
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (Y.E.W.)
| | - John Carroll
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Robker
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (Y.E.W.)
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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21
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Wu R, Xu F, Li J, Wang F, Chen N, Wang X, Chen Q. Circ-CIMIRC inhibition alleviates CIH-induced myocardial damage via FbxL4-mediated ubiquitination of PINK1. iScience 2024; 27:108982. [PMID: 38333696 PMCID: PMC10850785 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disordered breathing diseases that characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). This work aimed to explore the role of circ-CIMIRC in CIH-induced myocardial injury. CIH aggravated myocardial tissue damage in rats. Circ_CIMIRC overexpression promoted apoptosis and reduced the colocalization of Tom20 and Parkin and mitophagy in CIH-treated H9c2 cells. Additionally, FbxL4 interacted with PINK1, FbxL4 silencing reduced PINK1 ubiquitination in H9c2 cells. Two major ubiquitination sites (K319 and K433) were responsible for ubiquitination of PINK1. Circ_CIMIRC promoted FbxL4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of PINK1. Furthermore, circ_CIMIRC inhibition alleviated the pathological damage, fibrosis and apoptosis of myocardial tissues, reduced oxidative stress in CIH rats. In conclusion, circ_CIMIRC silencing repressed FbxL4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of PINK1 and then enhanced PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, thereby alleviating myocardial damage in CIH rats. Thus, circ_CIMIRC may be a potential strategy to alleviate CIH-induced myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Wu
- College of Integrated Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Fengsheng Xu
- College of Integrated Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- College of Integrated Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Integrated Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Naijie Chen
- College of Integrated Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Clinical Skills Teaching Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Clinical Skills Teaching Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350100, China
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22
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Kadohisa M, Okamoto T, Yamamoto M, Uebayashi EY, Sonoda M, Ogawa E, Yokoyama A, Kawasaki H, Hiejima E, Ito S, Togawa T, Imagawa K, Murayama K, Okajima H, Hatano E. Living donor liver transplantation for myocerebrohepatopathy spectrum due to POLG mutations. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14659. [PMID: 38012111 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND POLG is one of several nuclear genes associated with mitochondrial DNA maintenance defects and is a group of diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA deficiency that results in impaired adenosine triphosphate production and organ dysfunction. Myocerebrohepatopathy spectrum (MCHS) is the most severe and earliest presentation of POLG mutations, and liver transplantation (LT) for MCHS has never been reported. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was a 3-month-old boy with acute liver failure and no neurological manifestations (e.g., seizures). We performed a living donor LT using a left lateral segment graft from his father. The postoperative course was uneventful. Subsequently, a homozygous POLG mutation (c.2890C>T, p. R964C) was identified by multigene analysis of neonatal/infantile intrahepatic cholestasis. Moreover, respiratory chain complex I, II, and III enzyme activities and the ratio of mtDNA to nuclear DNA in the liver were reduced. Therefore, we considered that these clinical manifestations and examination findings met the definition for MCHS. During meticulous follow-up, the patient had shown satisfactory physical growth and mental development until the time of writing this report. CONCLUSION We presumed that the absence of remarkable neurologic manifestations prior to LT in patients with MCHS is a good indication for LT and contributes to a better prognosis in the present case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kadohisa
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Elena Yukie Uebayashi
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Sonoda
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eri Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eitaro Hiejima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takao Togawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Imagawa
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okajima
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Qu S, Lin H, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Mitochondria-Associated Autoantibodies: A Review of the Specific Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1624. [PMID: 38338904 PMCID: PMC10855900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a severe retinal disease that causes irreversible visual loss and blindness in elderly populations worldwide. The pathological mechanism of AMD is complex, involving the interactions of multiple environmental and genetic factors. A poor understanding of the disease leads to limited treatment options and few effective prevention methods. The discovery of autoantibodies in AMD patients provides an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis and treatment direction of the disease. This review focuses on the mitochondria-associated autoantibodies and summarizes the functional roles of mitochondria under physiological conditions and their alterations during the pathological states. Additionally, it discusses the crosstalk between mitochondria and other organelles, as well as the mitochondria-related therapeutic strategies in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.Q.); (H.L.)
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24
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Ali A, Esmaeil A, Behbehani R. Mitochondrial Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia. Brain Sci 2024; 14:135. [PMID: 38391710 PMCID: PMC10887352 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a rare disorder that can be at the forefront of several mitochondrial diseases. This review overviews mitochondrial CPEO encephalomyopathies to enhance accurate recognition and diagnosis for proper management. METHODS This study is conducted based on publications and guidelines obtained by selective review in PubMed. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, Cochrane reviews, and literature meta-analyses were particularly sought. DISCUSSION CPEO is a common presentation of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, which can result from alterations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Genetic sequencing is the gold standard for diagnosing mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, preceded by non-invasive tests such as fibroblast growth factor-21 and growth differentiation factor-15. More invasive options include a muscle biopsy, which can be carried out after uncertain diagnostic testing. No definitive treatment option is available for mitochondrial diseases, and management is mainly focused on lifestyle risk modification and supplementation to reduce mitochondrial load and symptomatic relief, such as ptosis repair in the case of CPEO. Nevertheless, various clinical trials and endeavors are still at large for achieving beneficial therapeutic outcomes for mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. KEY MESSAGES Understanding the varying presentations and genetic aspects of mitochondrial CPEO is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Ibn Sina Hospital, Al-Bahar Ophthalmology Center, Kuwait City 70035, Kuwait
| | - Ali Esmaeil
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Ibn Sina Hospital, Al-Bahar Ophthalmology Center, Kuwait City 70035, Kuwait
| | - Raed Behbehani
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Ibn Sina Hospital, Al-Bahar Ophthalmology Center, Kuwait City 70035, Kuwait
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25
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Pizzamiglio C, Hanna MG, Pitceathly RDS. Primary mitochondrial diseases. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 204:53-76. [PMID: 39322395 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99209-1.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are a heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders characterized by an impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. They are the most common group of genetic metabolic disorders, with a prevalence of 1 in 4,300 people. The presence of leukoencephalopathy is recognized as an important feature in many PMDs and can be a manifestation of mutations in both mitochondrial DNA (classic syndromes such as mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes; myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers [RRFs]; Leigh syndrome; and Kearns-Sayre syndrome) and nuclear DNA (mutations in maintenance genes such as POLG, MPV17, and TYMP; Leigh syndrome; and mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase disorders). In this chapter, PMDs associated with white matter involvement are outlined, including details of clinical presentations, brain MRI features, and elements of differential diagnoses. The current approach to the diagnosis of PMDs and management strategies are also discussed. A PMD diagnosis in a subject with leukoencephalopathy should be considered in the presence of specific brain MRI features (for example, cyst-like lesions, bilateral basal ganglia lesions, and involvement of both cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum), in addition to a complex neurologic or multisystem disorder. Establishing a genetic diagnosis is crucial to ensure appropriate genetic counseling, multidisciplinary team input, and eligibility for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pizzamiglio
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.
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26
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Zhao Y, Hou Y, Zhao X, Liufu T, Yu M, Zhang W, Xie Z, Zhang VW, Yuan Y, Wang Z. The clinical, myopathological, and genetic analysis of 155 Chinese mitochondrial ophthalmoplegia patients with mitochondrial DNA single large deletions. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2328. [PMID: 38018320 PMCID: PMC10767604 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) is a common subtype of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abnormalities, muscle pathology, and clinical manifestations in Chinese patients with single large-scale mtDNA deletion presenting with PEO. METHODS This is a retrospective single-center study. Patients with PEO who had a single large deletion in mitochondrial DNA were included in this study. The associations were analyzed between mtDNA deletion patterns, myopathological changes, and clinical characteristics. RESULTS In total, 155 patients with mitochondrial PEO carrying single large-scale mtDNA mutations were enrolled, including 137 chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) and 18 Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) patients. The onset ages were 9.61 ± 4.12 in KSS and 20.15 ± 9.06 in CPEO. The mtDNA deletions ranged from 2225 bp to 9131 bp, with m.8470_13446del being the most common. The KSS group showed longer deletions than the CPEO group (p = 0.004). Additionally, a higher number of deleted genes encoding respiratory chain complex subunits (p = 0.001) and tRNA genes (p = 0.009) were also observed in the KSS group. A weak negative correlation between the mtDNA deletion size and ages of onset (p < 0.001, r = -0.369) was observed. The proportion of ragged red fibers, ragged blue fibers, and cytochrome c negative fibers did not correlate significantly with onset ages (p > 0.05). However, a higher percentage of abnormal muscle fibers corresponds to an increased prevalence of exercise intolerance, limb muscle weakness, dysphagia, and cerebellar ataxia. CONCLUSION We reported a large Chinese cohort consisting of mitochondrial PEO patients with single large-scale mtDNA deletions. Our results demonstrated that the length and locations of mtDNA deletions may influence onset ages and clinical phenotypes. The severity of muscle pathology could not only indicate diagnosis but also may be associated with clinical manifestations beyond the extraocular muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijingChina
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of GeriatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xutong Zhao
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijingChina
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Tongling Liufu
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijingChina
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijingChina
| | - Zhiying Xie
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijingChina
| | | | - Yun Yuan
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijingChina
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijingChina
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27
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Zhou Y, Jin Y, Wu T, Wang Y, Dong Y, Chen P, Hu C, Pan N, Ye C, Shen L, Lin M, Fang T, Wu R. New insights on mitochondrial heteroplasmy observed in ovarian diseases. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00372-7. [PMID: 38061426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reportedly high mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may be attributed to the absence of histone protection and complete repair mechanisms. Mitochondrial heteroplasmy refers to the coexistence of wild-type and mutant mtDNA. Most healthy individuals carry a low point mutation load (<1 %) in their mtDNA, typically without any discernible phenotypic effects. However, as it exceeds a certain threshold, it may cause the onset of various diseases. Since the ovary is a highly energy-intensive organ, it relies heavily on mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial heteroplasmy can potentially contribute to a variety of significant ovarian disorders. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we have elucidated the close relationship between mtDNA heteroplasmy and ovarian diseases, and summarized novel avenues and strategies for the potential treatment of these ovarian diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Mitochondrial heteroplasmy can potentially contribute to a variety of significant ovarian disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and endometriosis. Current strategies related to mitochondrial heteroplasmy are untargeted and have low bioavailability. Nanoparticle delivery systems loaded with mitochondrial modulators, mitochondrial replacement/transplantation therapy, and mitochondria-targeted gene editing therapy may offer promising paths towards potentially more effective treatments for these diseases, despite ongoing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China; Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jin
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Wang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhang Dong
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Chen
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchang Hu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningping Pan
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoshuang Ye
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shen
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyan Lin
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Fang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China; Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Alotaibi M, Alqasmi A, Albassam F, Alkahtani T, Alqahtany M, Alkhaldi M. The First Reported Case of a Child with Two Different Rare Metabolic Disorders: Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Encephalomyopathic Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome 13. Glob Med Genet 2023; 10:278-281. [PMID: 37822418 PMCID: PMC10564565 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common inborn errors in fatty acid β oxidation (FAO) is a very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency. It is autosomal recessive. The enzyme used in the first phase of FAO is VLCAD. The enzyme is responsible for β oxidation spiral pathway's initial step, the dehydrogenation process of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA. The phenotypes include hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, cardiomyopathy, and occasionally abrupt mortality. Most VLCAD deficiencies in newborns are now detected during the neonatal period due to the development of newborn screening programs. Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes (MTDPS) are one of the rarest metabolic disorders. It is an autosomal recessive disease caused by defects in genes necessary for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One of these FBXL4 (F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 4) variants causes encephalomyopathic mtDNA depletion syndrome 13 (MTDPS13), which presents as a failure to thrive, severe global developmental delay, hypotonia, early infantile onset of encephalopathy, and lactic acidosis. We report here the case of a Saudi infant born to consanguineous parents who presented to us with severe failure to thrive, profound neurodevelopmental delays, and facial dysmorphic features. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) showed the infants had MTDPS13. The FBXL4 variant c.1698A > G p. (Ile566Met) has previously been described as a disease that causes developmental delay and lactic acidosis, and another variant has also been detected in the patient. The ACADVL variant c.134C > A p. (Ser45*) has previously been described to cause VLCAD deficiency. A comprehensive literature review showed our patient to be the first case of MTDPS13 and VLCAD reported to date worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alotaibi
- Department of Genetic, Children Hospital, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alqasmi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Albassam
- Collage of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alkahtani
- Collage of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Alqahtany
- Collage of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Hamidpour SK, Nikkhah A, Arjmand R, Mafi AR, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Larijani B, Gilany K, Arjmand B. DNA Damage Responses, the Trump Card of Stem Cells in the Survival Game. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37923882 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells, as a group of undifferentiated cells, are enriched with self-renewal and high proliferative capacity, which have attracted the attention of many researchers as a promising approach in the treatment of many diseases over the past years. However, from the cellular and molecular point of view, the DNA repair system is one of the biggest challenges in achieving therapeutic goals through stem cell technology. DNA repair mechanisms are an advantage for stem cells that are constantly multiplying to deal with various types of DNA damage. However, this mechanism can be considered a trump card in the game of cell survival and treatment resistance in cancer stem cells, which can hinder the curability of various types of cancer. Therefore, getting a deep insight into the DNA repair system can bring researchers one step closer to achieving major therapeutic goals. The remarkable thing about the DNA repair system is that this system is not only under the control of genetic factors, but also under the control of epigenetic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the role of the DNA repair system in maintaining the survival of cancer stem cells from both aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasta Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. A big picture of the mitochondria-mediated signals: From mitochondria to organism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:45-61. [PMID: 37619311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well-known for years as the powerhouse and biosynthetic center of the cell, are dynamic signaling organelles beyond their energy production and biosynthesis functions. The metabolic functions of mitochondria, playing an important role in various biological events both in physiological and stress conditions, transform them into important cellular stress sensors. Mitochondria constantly communicate with the rest of the cell and even from other cells to the organism, transmitting stress signals including oxidative and reductive stress or adaptive signals such as mitohormesis. Mitochondrial signal transduction has a vital function in regulating integrity of human genome, organelles, cells, and ultimately organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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31
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Liu H, Wu X, Yang T, Wang C, Huang F, Xu Y, Peng J. NARFL deficiency caused mitochondrial dysfunction in lung cancer cells by HIF-1α-DNMT1 axis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17176. [PMID: 37821486 PMCID: PMC10567771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NARFL was reported to be a component of cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway and a causative gene of the diffused pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (dPAVMs). NARFL knockout dramatically impaired mitochondrial integrity in mice, which might promote mitochondrial dysfunction and lead to worse survival rate of lung cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of NARFL deficiency in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. Knockdown assay was performed in A549 and H1299 cells. The protein levels of HIF-1α and DNMT1 were measured, and then Complex I activity, mtDNA copy numbers and mRNA levels of mtND genes were determined. Cisplatin resistance and cell proliferation were conducted using CCK8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected using wound heal assay and transwell assay. Survival analysis of lung cancer patients and KM plotter database were used for evaluating the potential value of NARFL deficiency. NARFL protein was expressed in two cell lines and knockdown assay significantly reduced its levels. Knockdown NARFL increased the protein levels of HIF-1α and DNMT1, and downregulated the mRNA levels of ND genes, mitochondrial Complex I activity, mtDNA copy number, and ATP levels. The mitochondrial dysfunction caused by NARFL deficiency were ameliorated by siHIF-1α and DNMT1 inhibitor. Knockdown NARFL increased the drug resistance and cell migration, and siHIF-1α reversed this effect. Moreover, NSCLC patients with NARFL deficiency had a poor survival rate using a tissue array and KM plotter database, and it would be a target for cancer prognosis and treatment. NARFL deficiency caused dysregulation of energy metabolism in lung cancer cells via HIF-1α-DNMT1 axis, which promoted drug resistance and cell migration. It provided a potential target for treatment and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 783# Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26# Shengli Road, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82# Qinglong Street, Chengdu, 610014, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 783# Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianrong Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 783# Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 783# Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 783# Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 783# Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Wu H, Zhang W, Xu F, Peng K, Liu X, Ding W, Ma Q, Cheng H, Wang X. C17orf80 binds the mitochondrial genome to promote its replication. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202302037. [PMID: 37676315 PMCID: PMC10484793 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serving as the power plant and signaling hub of a cell, mitochondria contain their own genome which encodes proteins essential for energy metabolism and forms DNA-protein assemblies called nucleoids. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exists in multiple copies within each cell ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands. Maintaining mtDNA homeostasis is vital for healthy cells, and its dysregulation causes multiple human diseases. However, the players involved in regulating mtDNA maintenance are largely unknown though the core components of its replication machinery have been characterized. Here, we identify C17orf80, a functionally uncharacterized protein, as a critical player in maintaining mtDNA homeostasis. C17orf80 primarily localizes to mitochondrial nucleoid foci and exhibits robust double-stranded DNA binding activity throughout the mitochondrial genome, thus constituting a bona fide new mitochondrial nucleoid protein. It controls mtDNA levels by promoting mtDNA replication and plays important roles in mitochondrial metabolism and cell proliferation. Our findings provide a potential target for therapeutics of human diseases associated with defective mtDNA control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshuo Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqiu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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33
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Chen Y, Jiao D, Liu Y, Xu X, Wang Y, Luo X, Saiyin H, Li Y, Gao K, Chen Y, Zhao SM, Ma L, Wang C. FBXL4 mutations cause excessive mitophagy via BNIP3/BNIP3L accumulation leading to mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2351-2363. [PMID: 37568009 PMCID: PMC10589232 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles found in eukaryotic cells that play a crucial role in ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MTDPS) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by the reduction of mtDNA copy number, leading to deficiencies in OXPHOS and mitochondrial functions. Mutations in FBXL4, a substrate-binding adaptor of Cullin 1-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL1), are associated with MTDPS, type 13 (MTDPS13). Here, we demonstrate that, FBXL4 directly interacts with the mitophagy cargo receptors BNIP3 and BNIP3L, promoting their degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway via the assembly of an active CRL1FBXL4 complex. However, MTDPS13-associated FBXL4 mutations impair the assembly of an active CRL1FBXL4 complex. This results in a notable accumulation of BNIP3/3L proteins and robust mitophagy even at basal levels. Excessive mitophagy was observed in Knockin (KI) mice carrying a patient-derived FBXL4 mutation and cortical neurons (CNs)-induced from MTDPS13 patient human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In summary, our findings suggest that abnormal activation of BNIP3/BNIP3L-dependent mitophagy impairs mitochondrial homeostasis and underlies FBXL4-mutated MTDPS13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Chen
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dongyue Jiao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiayun Xu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaona Luo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kun Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yucai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Lixiang Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Chenji Wang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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34
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Li JQ, Feng JY, Gong Y, Li WQ, Liu T. Case report: Novel DGUOK variants associated with idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension in a Han Chinese child. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1236239. [PMID: 37830057 PMCID: PMC10565027 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1236239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
DGUOK deficiency has primarily been associated with lethal hepatic failure with or without hypotonia, nystagmus, and psychomotor retardation, features typical of mitochondrial disease. A study in 3 Turkish children identified homozygosity for a variant in DGUOK as associated with idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH). However, no further instances of INCPH associated with DGUOK variants have been reported. We here describe a fourth patient with DGUOK variants and childhood-onset INCPH, a 12-year-old Han Chinese boy, reporting clinical manifestations, histopathologic findings, and results of genetic studies. The child presented with hepatosplenomegaly; portal hypertension and hypersplenism were found. Vascular changes with hepatic fibrosis (Scheuer score 3) were observed on liver biopsy. Whole-exome sequencing and family analyses revealed compound heterozygosity for the DGUOK (NM_080916.3) variants c.778_781dup, (p.Thr261Serfs*28) and c.831_832del, (p.*278Thrfs*9) in the proband. These observations support ascription of instances of INCPH in children to variation in DGUOK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Li
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yan Feng
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Qiang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Teng Liu
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Lee H, Jeon JH, Kim ES. Mitochondrial dysfunctions in T cells: focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219422. [PMID: 37809060 PMCID: PMC10556505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria has emerged as a critical ruler of metabolic reprogramming in immune responses and inflammation. In the context of colitogenic T cells and IBD, there has been increasing research interest in the metabolic pathways of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and glutaminolysis. These pathways have been shown to play a crucial role in the metabolic reprogramming of colitogenic T cells, leading to increased inflammatory cytokine production and tissue damage. In addition to metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. Studies have shown that colitogenic T cells exhibit impaired mitochondrial respiration, elevated levels of mROS, alterations in calcium homeostasis, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and aberrant mitochondria-associated membrane formation. Here, we discuss our current knowledge of the metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunctions in colitogenic T cells, as well as the potential therapeutic applications for treating IBD with evidence from animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyul Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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36
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Zhu Y, Zhang JL, Yan XJ, Ji Y, Wang FF. Exploring a new mechanism between lactate and VSMC calcification: PARP1/POLG/UCP2 signaling pathway and imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:598. [PMID: 37679327 PMCID: PMC10484939 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Lactate leads to the imbalance of mitochondria homeostasis, which then promotes vascular calcification. PARP1 can upregulate osteogenic genes and accelerate vascular calcification. However, the relationship among lactate, PARP1, and mitochondrial homeostasis is unclear. The present study aimed to explore the new molecular mechanism of lactate to promote VSMC calcification by evaluating PARP1 as a breakthrough molecule. A coculture model of VECs and VSMCs was established, and the model revealed that the glycolysis ability and lactate production of VECs were significantly enhanced after incubation in DOM. Osteogenic marker expression, calcium deposition, and apoptosis in VSMCs were decreased after lactate dehydrogenase A knockdown in VECs. Mechanistically, exogenous lactate increased the overall level of PARP and PARylation in VSMCs. PARP1 knockdown inhibited Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and partially restored PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, thereby reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Moreover, lactate induced the translocation of PARP1 from the nucleus to the mitochondria, which then combined with POLG and inhibited POLG-mediated mitochondrial DNA synthesis. This process led to the downregulation of mitochondria-encoded genes, disturbance of mitochondrial respiration, and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. The knockdown of PARP1 could partially reverse the damage of mitochondrial gene expression and function caused by lactate. Furthermore, UCP2 was upregulated by the PARP1/POLG signal, and UCP2 knockdown inhibited Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and partially recovered PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Finally, UCP2 knockdown in VSMCs alleviated DOM-caused VSMC calcification in the coculture model. The study results thus suggest that upregulated PARP1 is involved in the mechanism through which lactate accelerates VSMC calcification partly via POLG/UCP2-caused unbalanced mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Jia-Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology Centre, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Xue-Jiao Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, PR China.
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, PR China.
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37
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Doimo M, Chaudhari N, Abrahamsson S, L’Hôte V, Nguyen TH, Berner A, Ndi M, Abrahamsson A, Das R, Aasumets K, Goffart S, Pohjoismäki JLO, López MD, Chorell E, Wanrooij S. Enhanced mitochondrial G-quadruplex formation impedes replication fork progression leading to mtDNA loss in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7392-7408. [PMID: 37351621 PMCID: PMC10415151 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication stalling is considered an initial step in the formation of mtDNA deletions that associate with genetic inherited disorders and aging. However, the molecular details of how stalled replication forks lead to mtDNA deletions accumulation are still unclear. Mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints preferentially occur at sequence motifs predicted to form G-quadruplexes (G4s), four-stranded nucleic acid structures that can fold in guanine-rich regions. Whether mtDNA G4s form in vivo and their potential implication for mtDNA instability is still under debate. In here, we developed new tools to map G4s in the mtDNA of living cells. We engineered a G4-binding protein targeted to the mitochondrial matrix of a human cell line and established the mtG4-ChIP method, enabling the determination of mtDNA G4s under different cellular conditions. Our results are indicative of transient mtDNA G4 formation in human cells. We demonstrate that mtDNA-specific replication stalling increases formation of G4s, particularly in the major arc. Moreover, elevated levels of G4 block the progression of the mtDNA replication fork and cause mtDNA loss. We conclude that stalling of the mtDNA replisome enhances mtDNA G4 occurrence, and that G4s not resolved in a timely manner can have a negative impact on mtDNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Doimo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Namrata Chaudhari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sanna Abrahamsson
- Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentin L’Hôte
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tran V H Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Berner
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mama Ndi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Koit Aasumets
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jaakko L O Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Marcela Dávila López
- Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Chorell
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sjoerd Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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38
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Katsuda T, Cure H, Sussman J, Simeonov KP, Krapp C, Arany Z, Grompe M, Stanger BZ. Rapid in vivo multiplexed editing (RIME) of the adult mouse liver. Hepatology 2023; 78:486-502. [PMID: 36037289 PMCID: PMC11088813 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Assessing mammalian gene function in vivo has traditionally relied on manipulation of the mouse genome in embryonic stem cells or perizygotic embryos. These approaches are time-consuming and require extensive breeding when simultaneous mutations in multiple genes is desired. The aim of this study is to introduce a rapid in vivo multiplexed editing (RIME) method and provide proof of concept of this system. APPROACH AND RESULTS RIME, a system wherein CRISPR/caspase 9 technology, paired with adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), permits the inactivation of one or more genes in the adult mouse liver. The method is quick, requiring as little as 1 month from conceptualization to knockout, and highly efficient, enabling editing in >95% of target cells. To highlight its use, we used this system to inactivate, alone or in combination, genes with functions spanning metabolism, mitosis, mitochondrial maintenance, and cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS RIME enables the rapid, efficient, and inexpensive analysis of multiple genes in the mouse liver in vivo .
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Katsuda
- Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Hector Cure
- Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Jonathan Sussman
- Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Kamen P Simeonov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Christopher Krapp
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Department of Pediatrics , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Department of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
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39
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Ma J, Sun L, Gao W, Li Y, Dong D. RNA binding protein: coordinated expression between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in tumors. J Transl Med 2023; 21:512. [PMID: 37507746 PMCID: PMC10386658 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the only organelles regulated by two genomes. The coordinated translation of nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which together co-encode the subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex, is critical for determining the metabolic plasticity of tumor cells. RNA-binding protein (RBP) is a post-transcriptional regulatory factor that plays a pivotal role in determining the fate of mRNA. RBP rapidly and effectively reshapes the mitochondrial proteome in response to intracellular and extracellular stressors, mediating the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial translation balance to adjust mitochondrial respiratory capacity and provide energy for tumor cells to adapt to different environmental pressures and growth needs. This review highlights the ability of RBPs to use liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as a platform for translation regulation, integrating nuclear-mitochondrial positive and retrograde signals to coordinate cross-department translation, reshape mitochondrial energy metabolism, and promote the development and survival of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weinan Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Delu Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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40
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Karaa A, Bertini E, Carelli V, Cohen BH, Enns GM, Falk MJ, Goldstein A, Gorman GS, Haas R, Hirano M, Klopstock T, Koenig MK, Kornblum C, Lamperti C, Lehman A, Longo N, Molnar MJ, Parikh S, Phan H, Pitceathly RDS, Saneto R, Scaglia F, Servidei S, Tarnopolsky M, Toscano A, Van Hove JLK, Vissing J, Vockley J, Finman JS, Brown DA, Shiffer JA, Mancuso M. Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurology 2023; 101:e238-e252. [PMID: 37268435 PMCID: PMC10382259 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Primary mitochondrial myopathies (PMMs) encompass a group of genetic disorders that impair mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, adversely affecting physical function, exercise capacity, and quality of life (QoL). Current PMM standards of care address symptoms, with limited clinical impact, constituting a significant therapeutic unmet need. We present data from MMPOWER-3, a pivotal, phase-3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of elamipretide in participants with genetically confirmed PMM. METHODS After screening, eligible participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either 24 weeks of elamipretide at a dose of 40 mg/d or placebo subcutaneously. Primary efficacy endpoints included change from baseline to week 24 on the distance walked on the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and total fatigue on the Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy Symptom Assessment (PMMSA). Secondary endpoints included most bothersome symptom score on the PMMSA, NeuroQoL Fatigue Short-Form scores, and the patient global impression and clinician global impression of PMM symptoms. RESULTS Participants (N = 218) were randomized (n = 109 elamipretide; n = 109 placebo). The m0ean age was 45.6 years (64% women; 94% White). Most of the participants (n = 162 [74%]) had mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alteration, with the remainder having nuclear DNA (nDNA) defects. At screening, the most frequent bothersome PMM symptom on the PMMSA was tiredness during activities (28.9%). At baseline, the mean distance walked on the 6MWT was 336.7 ± 81.2 meters, the mean score for total fatigue on the PMMSA was 10.6 ± 2.5, and the mean T score for the Neuro-QoL Fatigue Short-Form was 54.7 ± 7.5. The study did not meet its primary endpoints assessing changes in the 6MWT and PMMSA total fatigue score (TFS). Between the participants receiving elamipretide and those receiving placebo, the difference in the least squares mean (SE) from baseline to week 24 on distance walked on the 6MWT was -3.2 (95% CI -18.7 to 12.3; p = 0.69) meters, and on the PMMSA, the total fatigue score was -0.07 (95% CI -0.10 to 0.26; p = 0.37). Elamipretide treatment was well-tolerated with most adverse events being mild to moderate in severity. DISCUSSION Subcutaneous elamipretide treatment did not improve outcomes in the 6MWT and PMMSA TFS in patients with PMM. However, this phase-3 study demonstrated that subcutaneous elamipretide is well-tolerated. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Trial registered with clinicaltrials.gov, Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT03323749; submitted on October 12, 2017; first patient enrolled October 9, 2017. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT03323749?term = elamipretide&draw = 2&rank = 9. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class I evidence that elamipretide does not improve the 6MWT or fatigue at 24 weeks compared with placebo in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Karaa
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bertini
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruce H Cohen
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Gregory M Enns
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marni J Falk
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Amy Goldstein
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Gráinne Siobhan Gorman
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Richard Haas
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Michio Hirano
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Mary Kay Koenig
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Cornelia Kornblum
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Lehman
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Longo
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Judit Molnar
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Sumit Parikh
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Han Phan
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Russell Saneto
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Serenella Servidei
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Toscano
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - John Vissing
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Jerry Vockley
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Jeffrey S Finman
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - David A Brown
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - James A Shiffer
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelango Mancuso
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital (A.K.), Harvard Medical School Boston; Neuromuscular Unit (E.B.), Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico, IRCCS, Rome; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (V.C.), Programma di Neurogenetica; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (V.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute (B.H.C.), Akron Children's Hospital, OH; Stanford University School of Medicine (G.M.E.), CA; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (M.J.F., A.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Royal Victoria Infirmary (G.S.G.), Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of California (R.H.), San Diego, La Jolla; Columbia University Irving Medical Center (M.H.), New York; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (T.K.), Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.K.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section (C.K.), University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (C.L.), Milano, Italy; Vancouver General Hospital (A.L.), British Columbia, Canada; University of Utah (N.L.), Salt Lake City; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders (M.J.M.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute (S.P.), OH; Rare Disease Research (H.P.), Atlanta, GA; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (R.D.S.P.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Seattle Children's Hospital (R.S.), WA; Baylor College of Medicine (F.S.), Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.); Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Hong Kong SAR; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli and Istituto di Neurologia (S.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; McMaster University Medical Center (M.T.), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Neurology and Neuromuscular Unit (A.T.), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado (J.L.K.V.H.), Aurora; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (John Vissing), Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Jerry Vockley), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Jupiter Point Pharma Consulting (J.S.F.), LLC; Stealth BioTherapeutics (D.A.B.)Write On Time Medical Communications (J.A.S.), LLC; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M.), Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
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Frascarelli C, Zanetti N, Nasca A, Izzo R, Lamperti C, Lamantea E, Legati A, Ghezzi D. Nanopore long-read next-generation sequencing for detection of mitochondrial DNA large-scale deletions. Front Genet 2023; 14:1089956. [PMID: 37456669 PMCID: PMC10344361 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1089956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases are progressive genetic disorders affecting multiple organs and characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. These disorders can be caused by mutations in nuclear genes coding proteins with mitochondrial localization or by genetic defects in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). The latter include point pathogenic variants and large-scale deletions/rearrangements. MtDNA molecules with the wild type or a variant sequence can exist together in a single cell, a condition known as mtDNA heteroplasmy. MtDNA single point mutations are typically detected by means of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) based on short reads which, however, are limited for the identification of structural mtDNA alterations. Recently, new NGS technologies based on long reads have been released, allowing to obtain sequences of several kilobases in length; this approach is suitable for detection of structural alterations affecting the mitochondrial genome. In the present work we illustrate the optimization of two sequencing protocols based on long-read Oxford Nanopore Technology to detect mtDNA structural alterations. This approach presents strong advantages in the analysis of mtDNA compared to both short-read NGS and traditional techniques, potentially becoming the method of choice for genetic studies on mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Frascarelli
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Nasca
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Izzo
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Legati
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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42
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Majdalani M, Yazbeck N, El Harake L, Samaha J, Karam PE. Mitochondrial depletion syndrome type 3: the Lebanese variant. Front Genet 2023; 14:1215083. [PMID: 37456661 PMCID: PMC10339285 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1215083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome type 3 is an emerging disorder linked to variants in the deoxyguanosine kinase gene, which encodes for mitochondrial maintenance. This autosomal recessive disorder is frequent in the Middle East and North Africa. Diagnosis is often delayed due to the non-specificity of clinical presentation with cerebro-hepatic deterioration. The only therapeutic option is liver transplantation, although the value of this remains debatable. Methods: We describe the clinical, biochemical, and molecular profiles of Lebanese patients with this rare disorder. We also present a review of all cases from the Middle East and North Africa. Results: All Lebanese patients share a unique mutation, unreported in other populations. Almost half of patients worldwide originate from the Middle East and North Africa, with cases reported from only 7 of the 21 countries in this region. Clinical presentation is heterogeneous, with early-onset neurological and hepatic signs. Liver failure and lactic acidosis are constants. Several variants can be identified in each population; a unique c.235C>T p. (Gln79*) pathogenic variant is found in Lebanese patients. Outcome is poor, with death before 1 year of age. Conclusion: The pathogenic nonsense variant c.235C>T p. (Gln79*) in the deoxyguanosine kinase gene may be considered a founder mutation in Lebanon. Further genotypic delineation of this devastating disorder in populations with high consanguinity rates is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Majdalani
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Yazbeck
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lamis El Harake
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jinane Samaha
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale E. Karam
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Magistrati M, Gilea AI, Gerra MC, Baruffini E, Dallabona C. Drug Drop Test: How to Quickly Identify Potential Therapeutic Compounds for Mitochondrial Diseases Using Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10696. [PMID: 37445873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) refer to a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous pathologies characterized by defective mitochondrial function and energy production. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for most MDs, and current therapeutic management is limited to relieving symptoms. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been efficiently used as a model organism to study mitochondria-related disorders thanks to its easy manipulation and well-known mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. It has been successfully exploited both to validate alleged pathogenic variants identified in patients and to discover potential beneficial molecules for their treatment. The so-called "drug drop test", a phenotype-based high-throughput screening, especially if coupled with a drug repurposing approach, allows the identification of molecules with high translational potential in a cost-effective and time-saving manner. In addition to drug identification, S. cerevisiae can be used to point out the drug's target or pathway. To date, drug drop tests have been successfully carried out for a variety of disease models, leading to very promising results. The most relevant aspect is that studies on more complex model organisms confirmed the effectiveness of the drugs, strengthening the results obtained in yeast and demonstrating the usefulness of this screening as a novel approach to revealing new therapeutic molecules for MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Magistrati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gerra
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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44
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Wang D, Jia L, Zhao C, Wang H, Dai Z, Jing Y, Jiang B, Xin S. Mitochondrial quality control in abdominal aortic aneurysm: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22969. [PMID: 37184038 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202158rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy supply sites of cells and are crucial for eukaryotic life. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Multiple mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms, including mitochondrial DNA repair, biogenesis, antioxidant defense, dynamics, and autophagy, play vital roles in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Abnormalities in these mechanisms may induce mitochondrial damage and dysfunction leading to cell death and tissue remodeling. Recently, many clues suggest that dysregulation of MQC is closely related to the pathogenesis of AAA. Therefore, specific interventions targeting MQC mechanisms to maintain and restore mitochondrial function have become promising therapeutic methods for the prevention and treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Longyuan Jia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chengdong Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huitao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhengnan Dai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuchen Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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45
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Ding H, Zhao Y, Jiang Z, Zhou D, Zhu R. Analysis of Mitochondrial Transfer RNA Mutations in Breast Cancer. Balkan J Med Genet 2023; 25:15-22. [PMID: 37265965 PMCID: PMC10230833 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage of mitochondrial functions caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) pathogenic mutations had long been proposed to be involved in breast carcinogenesis. However, the detailed pathological mechanism remained deeply undetermined. In this case-control study, we screened the frequencies of mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) mutations in 80 breast cancer tissues and matched normal adjacent tissues. PCR and Sanger sequence revealed five possible pathogenic mutations: tRNAVal G1606A, tRNAIle A4300G, tRNASer(UCN) T7505C, tRNAGlu A14693G and tRNAThr G15927A. We noticed that these mutations resided at extremely conserved positions of tRNAs and would affect tRNAs transcription or modifications. Furthermore, functional analysis suggested that patients with these mt-tRNA mutations exhibited much lower levels of mtDNA copy number and ATP, as compared with controls (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be speculated that these mutations may impair mitochondrial protein synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, which caused mitochondrial dysfunctions that were involved in the breast carcinogenesis. Taken together, our data indicated that mutations in mt-tRNA were the important contributors to breast cancer, and mutational analyses of mt-tRNA genes were critical for prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.J. Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y.P. Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Z.C. Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - D.T. Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Kaili, Kaili, China
| | - R. Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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46
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Schank M, Zhao J, Wang L, Nguyen LNT, Zhang Y, Wu XY, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Ning S, El Gazzar M, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. ROS-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in CD4 T Cells from ART-Controlled People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:1061. [PMID: 37243148 PMCID: PMC10224005 DOI: 10.3390/v15051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction in aging CD4 T cells from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-controlled people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the underlying mechanisms by which CD4 T cells develop mitochondrial dysfunction in PLWH remain unclear. In this study, we sought to elucidate the mechanism(s) of CD4 T cell mitochondrial compromise in ART-controlled PLWH. We first assessed the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and we observed significantly increased cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels in CD4 T cells from PLWH compared to healthy subjects (HS). Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in the levels of proteins responsible for antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase 1, SOD1) and ROS-mediated DNA damage repair (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, APE1) in CD4 T cells from PLWH. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of SOD1 or APE1 in CD4 T cells from HS confirmed their roles in maintaining normal mitochondrial respiration via a p53-mediated pathway. Reconstitution of SOD1 or APE1 in CD4 T cells from PLWH successfully rescued mitochondrial function as evidenced by Seahorse analysis. These results indicate that ROS induces mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to premature T cell aging via dysregulation of SOD1 and APE1 during latent HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Lam Ngoc Thao Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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47
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Lin CC, Wang YP, Sun YK, Chiu CH, Lin MW, Tzeng IS. Mitochondrial replication, transcription, and function in obstructive sleep apnea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023:104066. [PMID: 37080370 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
We assessed mitochondrial replication, transcription, and function in the upper airways of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and the effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Twenty subjects with mild and 40 with moderate to severe OSA requiring uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were included. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in uvula specimens were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, and their mRNA and protein expression was examined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The mitochondrial to nuclear DNA (Mt/N) ratio in the blood, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and uvula was measured using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. TFAM and PGC-1α protein concentrations in the plasma and EBC were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All tested parameters were higher in the OSA group than in the control. Three months later, 21 uvulopalatopharyngoplasty-responsive patients with OSA showed decreased TFAM and PGC-1α concentrations and EBC Mt/N ratio while these remained high in 19 uvulopalatopharyngoplasty-unresponsive patients. The OSA group showed severe inflammation, increased mitochondrial replication and transcription-related signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the uvula. Successful OSA treatment using uvulopalatopharyngoplasty restored the TFAM and PGC-1α levels and EBC Mt/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chi Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Piao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kun Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Chiu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Wei Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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48
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Wang Q, Zhou Y, Zhou G, Qin G, Tan C, Yin T, Zhao D, Yao S. Age-stratified proteomic characteristics and identification of promising precise clinical treatment targets of colorectal cancer. J Proteomics 2023; 277:104863. [PMID: 36870673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an extremely lethal disease worldwide. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the distinct characteristics of age-stratified CRC at the protein level and explore precise treatment targets. Patients who underwent surgical removal with pathologically confirmed CRC at China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2020 to October 2021 were recruited, cancer and para-carcinoma tissues (> 5 cm) were detected by mass spectrometry. Ninety-six clinical samples were collected and divided into three groups according to age: young (≤ 50 years), middle-aged (51-69 years), and old (≥ 70 years). Quantitative proteomic analysis was performed, as well as comprehensive bioinformatic analysis based on the Human Protein Atlas, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium and Connectivity Map databases. The numbers of upregulated and downregulated proteins were 1315 and 560 in the young group, 757 and 311 in the old group, and 1052 and 468 in the middle-aged group, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis showed that these differentially expressed proteins had different molecular functions and participated in extensive signaling pathways. We also revealed ADH1B, ARRDC1, GATM, GTF2H4, MGME1, and LILRB2 as possible cancer-promoting molecules, which might serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and precise therapeutic targets for CRC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study comprehensively characterized the proteomic profiles of age-stratified colorectal cancer patients, focusing on the differentially expressed proteins between cancer and paracancerous tissues in different age groups, in an effort to find corresponding potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In addition, this study provides potentially valuable clinical small molecule inhibitory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuanchen Zhou
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Geyujia Zhou
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Geng Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Tan
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tengfei Yin
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongyan Zhao
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shukun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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49
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Chen PS, Chao CC, Tsai LK, Huang HY, Chien YH, Huang PH, Hwu WL, Hsieh ST, Lee NC, Hsueh HW, Yang CC. Diagnostic Challenges of Neuromuscular Disorders after Whole Exome Sequencing. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023:JND230013. [PMID: 37066920 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-exome sequencing (WES) facilitates the diagnosis of hereditary neuromuscular disorders. To achieve an accurate diagnosis, physicians should interpret the genetic report carefully along with clinical information and examinations. We described our experience with (1) clinical validation in patients with variants found using WES and (2) a diagnostic approach for those with negative findings from WES. METHODS WES was performed on patients with the clinical impression of hereditary neuromuscular disorders. Information on clinical manifestations, neurological examination, electrodiagnostic studies, histopathology of muscle and nerve, and laboratory tests were collected. RESULTS Forty-one patients (Male/Female: 18/23, age of onset: 34.5±15.9) accepted WES and were categorized into four scenarios: (1) patients with a positive WES result, (2) patients with an inconclusive WES result but supporting clinical data, (3) negative findings from WES, but a final diagnosis after further work-up, and (4) undetermined etiology from WES and in further work-ups. The yield rate of the initial WES was 63.4% (26/41). Among these, seventeen patients had positive WES result, while the other nine patients had inconclusive WES result but supporting clinical data. Notably, in the fifteen patients with equivocal or negative findings from WES, four patients (26.7%) achieved a diagnosis after further workup: tumor-induced osteomalacia, metabolic myopathy with pathogenic variants in mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite expansion disease, and vasculitis-related neuropathy. The etiologies remained undetermined in eleven patients (myopathy: 7, neuropathy: 4) after WES and further workup. CONCLUSIONS It is essential to design genotype-guided molecular studies to correlate the identified variants with their clinical features. For patients who had negative findings from WES, acquired diseases, mitochondrial DNA disorders and microsatellite expansion diseases should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Shiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chao Chao
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Tsai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wen Hsueh
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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50
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Kitamura N, Zhang S, Morel JD, Nagano U, Taworntawat T, Hosoda S, Nakamura A, Ogawa Y, Benegiamo G, Auwerx J, Tsubota K, Yokoyama Y, Watanabe M. Sodium ferrous citrate and 5-aminolevulinic acid improve type 2 diabetes by maintaining muscle and mitochondrial health. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1038-1049. [PMID: 36823345 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Improving mitochondrial function is a promising strategy for intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the preventive effects of sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) and 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate (ALA) on several metabolic dysfunctions associated with obesity because they have been shown to alleviate abnormal glucose metabolism in humans. METHODS Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a normal diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with SFC and ALA for 15 weeks. RESULTS The simultaneous supplementation of SFC + ALA to high-fat diet-fed mice prevented loss of muscle mass, improved muscle strength, and reduced obesity and insulin resistance. SFC + ALA prevented abnormalities in mitochondrial morphology and reverted the diet effect on the skeletal muscle transcriptome, including the expression of glucose uptake and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation-related genes. In addition, SFC + ALA prevented the decline in mitochondrial DNA copy number by enhancing mitochondrial DNA maintenance and antioxidant transcription activity, both of which are impaired in high-fat diet-fed mice during long-term fasting. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that SFC + ALA supplementation exerts its preventive effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus via improved skeletal muscle and mitochondrial health, further validating its application as a promising strategy for the prevention of obesity-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Kitamura
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Health Science Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Health Science Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jean-David Morel
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Utana Nagano
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Health Science Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tanon Taworntawat
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Health Science Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hosoda
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Health Science Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Anna Nakamura
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Health Science Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giorgia Benegiamo
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Health Science Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC, Kanagawa, Japan
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yokoyama
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Health Science Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Watanabe
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Health Science Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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