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Tuffaha S, Lee EB. Growth Factors to Enhance Nerve Regeneration: Approaching Clinical Translation. Hand Clin 2024; 40:399-408. [PMID: 38972684 DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Following nerve injury, growth factors (GFs) are transiently upregulated in injured neurons, proliferating Schwann cells, and denervated muscle and skin. They act on these same cells and tissues to promote nerve regeneration and end-organ reinnervation. Consequently, much attention has been focused on developing GF-based therapeutics. A major barrier to clinical translation of GFs is their short half-life. To provide sustained GF treatment to the affected nerve, muscle, and skin in a safe and practical manner, engineered drug delivery systems are needed. This review highlights recent advancements in GF-based therapeutics and discusses the remaining hurdles for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Tuffaha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Erica B Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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2
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Rybak IA, Shevtsova NA, Markin SN, Prilutsky BI, Frigon A. Operation regimes of spinal circuits controlling locomotion and role of supraspinal drives and sensory feedback. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586122. [PMID: 38585778 PMCID: PMC10996463 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Locomotion in mammals is directly controlled by the spinal neuronal network, operating under the control of supraspinal signals and somatosensory feedback that interact with each other. However, the functional architecture of the spinal locomotor network, its operation regimes, and the role of supraspinal and sensory feedback in different locomotor behaviors, including at different speeds, remain unclear. We developed a computational model of spinal locomotor circuits receiving supraspinal drives and limb sensory feedback that could reproduce multiple experimental data obtained in intact and spinal-transected cats during tied-belt and split-belt treadmill locomotion. We provide evidence that the spinal locomotor network operates in different regimes depending on locomotor speed. In an intact system, at slow speeds (< 0.4 m/s), the spinal network operates in a non-oscillating state-machine regime and requires sensory feedback or external inputs for phase transitions. Removing sensory feedback related to limb extension prevents locomotor oscillations at slow speeds. With increasing speed and supraspinal drives, the spinal network switches to a flexor-driven oscillatory regime and then to a classical half-center regime. Following spinal transection, the model predicts that the spinal network can only operate in the state-machine regime. Our results suggest that the spinal network operates in different regimes for slow exploratory and fast escape locomotor behaviors, making use of different control mechanisms.
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3
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Skinnider MA, Gautier M, Teo AYY, Kathe C, Hutson TH, Laskaratos A, de Coucy A, Regazzi N, Aureli V, James ND, Schneider B, Sofroniew MV, Barraud Q, Bloch J, Anderson MA, Squair JW, Courtine G. Single-cell and spatial atlases of spinal cord injury in the Tabulae Paralytica. Nature 2024; 631:150-163. [PMID: 38898272 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Here, we introduce the Tabulae Paralytica-a compilation of four atlases of spinal cord injury (SCI) comprising a single-nucleus transcriptome atlas of half a million cells, a multiome atlas pairing transcriptomic and epigenomic measurements within the same nuclei, and two spatial transcriptomic atlases of the injured spinal cord spanning four spatial and temporal dimensions. We integrated these atlases into a common framework to dissect the molecular logic that governs the responses to injury within the spinal cord1. The Tabulae Paralytica uncovered new biological principles that dictate the consequences of SCI, including conserved and divergent neuronal responses to injury; the priming of specific neuronal subpopulations to upregulate circuit-reorganizing programs after injury; an inverse relationship between neuronal stress responses and the activation of circuit reorganization programs; the necessity of re-establishing a tripartite neuroprotective barrier between immune-privileged and extra-neural environments after SCI and a failure to form this barrier in old mice. We leveraged the Tabulae Paralytica to develop a rejuvenative gene therapy that re-established this tripartite barrier, and restored the natural recovery of walking after paralysis in old mice. The Tabulae Paralytica provides a window into the pathobiology of SCI, while establishing a framework for integrating multimodal, genome-scale measurements in four dimensions to study biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Skinnider
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Matthieu Gautier
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alan Yue Yang Teo
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kathe
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas H Hutson
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achilleas Laskaratos
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra de Coucy
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Regazzi
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Aureli
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D James
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Schneider
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Quentin Barraud
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Anderson
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jordan W Squair
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Garcia-Ramirez DL, McGrath JR, Ha NT, Wheel JH, Atoche SJ, Yao L, Stachowski NJ, Giszter SF, Dougherty KJ. Covert actions of epidural stimulation on spinal locomotor circuits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.18.599598. [PMID: 38948733 PMCID: PMC11213016 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Spinal circuitry produces the rhythm and patterning of locomotion. However, both descending and sensory inputs are required to initiate and adapt locomotion to the environment. Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts descending controls of the spinal cord, producing paralysis. Epidural stimulation (ES) is a promising clinical therapy for motor control recovery and is capable of reactivating the lumbar spinal locomotor networks, yet little is known about the effects of ES on locomotor neurons. Previously, we found that both sensory afferent pathways and serotonin exert mixed excitatory and inhibitory actions on lumbar interneurons involved in the generation of the locomotor rhythm, identified by the transcription factor Shox2. However, after chronic complete SCI, sensory afferent inputs to Shox2 interneurons become almost exclusively excitatory and Shox2 interneurons are supersensitive to serotonin. Here, we investigated the effects of ES on these SCI-induced changes. Inhibitory input from sensory pathways to Shox2 interneurons was maintained and serotonin supersensitivity was not observed in SCI mice that received daily sub-motor threshold ES. Interestingly, the effects of ES were maintained for at least three weeks after the ES was discontinued. In contrast, the effects of ES were not observed in Shox2 interneurons from mice that received ES after the establishment of the SCI-induced changes. Our results demonstrate mechanistic actions of ES at the level of identified spinal locomotor circuit neurons and the effectiveness of early treatment with ES on preservation of spinal locomotor circuitry after SCI, suggesting possible therapeutic benefits prior to the onset of motor rehabilitation.
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Dallmann CJ, Luo Y, Agrawal S, Chou GM, Cook A, Brunton BW, Tuthill JC. Presynaptic inhibition selectively suppresses leg proprioception in behaving Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.20.563322. [PMID: 37961558 PMCID: PMC10634730 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling arms and legs requires feedback from proprioceptive sensory neurons that detect joint position and movement. Proprioceptive feedback must be tuned for different behavioral contexts, but the underlying circuit mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using calcium imaging in behaving Drosophila, we find that the axons of position-encoding leg proprioceptors are active across behaviors, whereas the axons of movement-encoding leg proprioceptors are suppressed during walking and grooming. Using connectomics, we identify a specific class of interneurons that provide GABAergic presynaptic inhibition to the axons of movement-encoding proprioceptors. The predominant synaptic inputs to these interneurons are descending neurons, suggesting they are driven by predictions of leg movement originating in the brain. Calcium imaging from both the interneurons and their descending inputs confirmed that their activity is correlated with self-generated but not passive leg movements. Overall, our findings elucidate a neural circuit for suppressing specific proprioceptive feedback signals during self-generated movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J. Dallmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Present address: Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yichen Luo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sweta Agrawal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Present address: School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Grant M. Chou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Cook
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - John C. Tuthill
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Lead contact
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6
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Mari S, Lecomte CG, Merlet AN, Audet J, Yassine S, Eddaoui O, Genois G, Nadeau C, Harnie J, Rybak IA, Prilutsky BI, Frigon A. Changes in intra- and interlimb reflexes from hindlimb cutaneous afferents after staggered thoracic lateral hemisections during locomotion in cats. J Physiol 2024; 602:1987-2017. [PMID: 38593215 PMCID: PMC11068482 DOI: 10.1113/jp286151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
When the foot dorsum contacts an obstacle during locomotion, cutaneous afferents signal central circuits to coordinate muscle activity in the four limbs. Spinal cord injury disrupts these interactions, impairing balance and interlimb coordination. We evoked cutaneous reflexes by electrically stimulating left and right superficial peroneal nerves before and after two thoracic lateral hemisections placed on opposite sides of the cord at 9- to 13-week interval in seven adult cats (4 males and 3 females). We recorded reflex responses in ten hindlimb and five forelimb muscles bilaterally. After the first (right T5-T6) and second (left T10-T11) hemisections, coordination of the fore- and hindlimbs was altered and/or became less consistent. After the second hemisection, cats required balance assistance to perform quadrupedal locomotion. Short-latency reflex responses in homonymous and crossed hindlimb muscles largely remained unaffected after staggered hemisections. However, mid- and long-latency homonymous and crossed responses in both hindlimbs occurred less frequently after staggered hemisections. In forelimb muscles, homolateral and diagonal mid- and long-latency response occurrence significantly decreased after the first and second hemisections. In all four limbs, however, when present, short-, mid- and long-latency responses maintained their phase-dependent modulation. We also observed reduced durations of short-latency inhibitory homonymous responses in left hindlimb extensors early after the first hemisection and delayed short-latency responses in the right ipsilesional hindlimb after the first hemisection. Therefore, changes in cutaneous reflex responses correlated with impaired balance/stability and interlimb coordination during locomotion after spinal cord injury. Restoring reflex transmission could be used as a biomarker to facilitate locomotor recovery. KEY POINTS: Cutaneous afferent inputs coordinate muscle activity in the four limbs during locomotion when the foot dorsum contacts an obstacle. Thoracic spinal cord injury disrupts communication between spinal locomotor centres located at cervical and lumbar levels, impairing balance and limb coordination. We investigated cutaneous reflexes during quadrupedal locomotion by electrically stimulating the superficial peroneal nerve bilaterally, before and after staggered lateral thoracic hemisections of the spinal cord in cats. We showed a loss/reduction of mid- and long-latency responses in all four limbs after staggered hemisections, which correlated with altered coordination of the fore- and hindlimbs and impaired balance. Targeting cutaneous reflex pathways projecting to the four limbs could help develop therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring transmission in ascending and descending spinal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mari
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Charly G. Lecomte
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Angèle N. Merlet
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Johannie Audet
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sirine Yassine
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Oussama Eddaoui
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Genois
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Charlène Nadeau
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Harnie
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ilya A. Rybak
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Boris I. Prilutsky
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alain Frigon
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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7
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Gradwell MA, Ozeri-Engelhard N, Eisdorfer JT, Laflamme OD, Gonzalez M, Upadhyay A, Medlock L, Shrier T, Patel KR, Aoki A, Gandhi M, Abbas-Zadeh G, Oputa O, Thackray JK, Ricci M, George A, Yusuf N, Keating J, Imtiaz Z, Alomary SA, Bohic M, Haas M, Hernandez Y, Prescott SA, Akay T, Abraira VE. Multimodal sensory control of motor performance by glycinergic interneurons of the mouse spinal cord deep dorsal horn. Neuron 2024; 112:1302-1327.e13. [PMID: 38452762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Sensory feedback is integral for contextually appropriate motor output, yet the neural circuits responsible remain elusive. Here, we pinpoint the medial deep dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord as a convergence point for proprioceptive and cutaneous input. Within this region, we identify a population of tonically active glycinergic inhibitory neurons expressing parvalbumin. Using anatomy and electrophysiology, we demonstrate that deep dorsal horn parvalbumin-expressing interneuron (dPV) activity is shaped by convergent proprioceptive, cutaneous, and descending input. Selectively targeting spinal dPVs, we reveal their widespread ipsilateral inhibition onto pre-motor and motor networks and demonstrate their role in gating sensory-evoked muscle activity using electromyography (EMG) recordings. dPV ablation altered limb kinematics and step-cycle timing during treadmill locomotion and reduced the transitions between sub-movements during spontaneous behavior. These findings reveal a circuit basis by which sensory convergence onto dorsal horn inhibitory neurons modulates motor output to facilitate smooth movement and context-appropriate transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Gradwell
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nofar Ozeri-Engelhard
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Neuroscience PhD program, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jaclyn T Eisdorfer
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Olivier D Laflamme
- Dalhousie PhD program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Atlantic Mobility Action Project, Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Melissa Gonzalez
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Aman Upadhyay
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Neuroscience PhD program, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Laura Medlock
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tara Shrier
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Komal R Patel
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Adin Aoki
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Melissa Gandhi
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gloria Abbas-Zadeh
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Olisemaka Oputa
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua K Thackray
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Tourette International Collaborative Genetics Study (TIC Genetics)
| | - Matthew Ricci
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arlene George
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nusrath Yusuf
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Neuroscience PhD program, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica Keating
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zarghona Imtiaz
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Simona A Alomary
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Manon Bohic
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Haas
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yurdiana Hernandez
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Steven A Prescott
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Turgay Akay
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Atlantic Mobility Action Project, Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Victoria E Abraira
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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8
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Raghav Hari Krishna VS, Kim J, Chang SH, Choe Y, Park H. Proportional sway-based electrotactile feedback improves lateral standing balance. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1249783. [PMID: 38562307 PMCID: PMC10982372 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1249783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plantar cutaneous augmentation is a promising approach in balance rehabilitation by enhancing motion-dependent sensory feedback. The effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance has been mainly investigated in its passive form (e.g., textured insole) or on lower-limb amputees. In this study, we tested the effect of plantar cutaneous augmentation on balance in its active form (i.e., electrical stimulation) for individuals with intact limbs. Methods Ten healthy subjects participated in the study and were instructed to maintain their balance as long as possible on the balance board, with or without electrotactile feedback evoked on the medial side of the heel, synched with the lateral board sway. Electrotactile feedback was given in two different modes: 1) Discrete-mode E-stim as the stimulation on/off by a predefined threshold of lateral board sway and 2) Proportional-mode E-stim as the stimulation frequency proportional to the amount of lateral board sway. All subjects were distracted from the balancing task by the n-back counting task, to test subjects' balancing capability with minimal cognitive involvement. Results Proportional-mode E-stim, along with the n-back counting task, increased the balance time from 1.86 ± 0.03 s to 1.98 ± 0.04 s (p = 0.010). However, discrete-mode E-stim did not change the balance time (p = 0.669). Proportional-mode E-stim also increased the time duration per each swayed state (p = 0.035) while discrete-mode E-stim did not (p = 0.053). Discussion These results suggest that proportional-mode E-stim is more effective than discrete-mode E-stim on improving standing balance. It is perhaps because the proportional electrotactile feedback better mimics the natural tactile sensation of foot pressure than its discrete counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Raghav Hari Krishna
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jeonghee Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Artificial Intelligence, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuo-Hsiu Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yoonsuck Choe
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Hangue Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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9
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McCallum S, Suresh KB, Islam T, Saustad AW, Shelest O, Patil A, Lee D, Kwon B, Yenokian I, Kawaguchi R, Beveridge CH, Manchandra P, Randolph CE, Meares GP, Dutta R, Plummer J, Knott SRV, Chopra G, Burda JE. Lesion-remote astrocytes govern microglia-mediated white matter repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585251. [PMID: 38558977 PMCID: PMC10979953 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Spared regions of the damaged central nervous system undergo dynamic remodeling and exhibit a remarkable potential for therapeutic exploitation. Here, lesion-remote astrocytes (LRAs), which interact with viable neurons, glia and neural circuitry, undergo reactive transformations whose molecular and functional properties are poorly understood. Using multiple transcriptional profiling methods, we interrogated LRAs from spared regions of mouse spinal cord following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). We show that LRAs acquire a spectrum of molecularly distinct, neuroanatomically restricted reactivity states that evolve after SCI. We identify transcriptionally unique reactive LRAs in degenerating white matter that direct the specification and function of local microglia that clear lipid-rich myelin debris to promote tissue repair. Fueling this LRA functional adaptation is Ccn1 , which encodes for a secreted matricellular protein. Loss of astrocyte CCN1 leads to excessive, aberrant activation of local microglia with (i) abnormal molecular specification, (ii) dysfunctional myelin debris processing, and (iii) impaired lipid metabolism, culminating in blunted debris clearance and attenuated neurological recovery from SCI. Ccn1 -expressing white matter astrocytes are specifically induced by local myelin damage and generated in diverse demyelinating disorders in mouse and human, pointing to their fundamental, evolutionarily conserved role in white matter repair. Our findings show that LRAs assume regionally divergent reactivity states with functional adaptations that are induced by local context-specific triggers and influence disorder outcome. Astrocytes tile the central nervous system (CNS) where they serve vital roles that uphold healthy nervous system function, including regulation of synapse development, buffering of neurotransmitters and ions, and provision of metabolic substrates 1 . In response to diverse CNS insults, astrocytes exhibit disorder-context specific transformations that are collectively referred to as reactivity 2-5 . The characteristics of regionally and molecularly distinct reactivity states are incompletely understood. The mechanisms through which distinct reactivity states arise, how they evolve or resolve over time, and their consequences for local cell function and CNS disorder progression remain enigmatic. Immediately adjacent to CNS lesions, border-forming astrocytes (BFAs) undergo transcriptional reprogramming and proliferation to form a neuroprotective barrier that restricts inflammation and supports axon regeneration 6-9 . Beyond the lesion, spared but dynamic regions of the injured CNS exhibit varying degrees of synaptic circuit remodeling and progressive cellular responses to secondary damage that have profound consequences for neural repair and recovery 10,11 . Throughout these cytoarchitecturally intact, but injury-reactive regions, lesion-remote astrocytes (LRAs) intermingle with neurons and glia, undergo little to no proliferation, and exhibit varying degrees of cellular hypertrophy 7,12,13 . The molecular and functional properties of LRAs remain grossly undefined. Therapeutically harnessing spared regions of the injured CNS will require a clearer understanding of the accompanying cellular and molecular landscape. Here, we leveraged integrative transcriptional profiling methodologies to identify multiple spatiotemporally resolved, molecularly distinct states of LRA reactivity within the injured spinal cord. Computational modeling of LRA-mediated heterotypic cell interactions, astrocyte-specific conditional gene deletion, and multiple mouse models of acute and chronic CNS white matter degeneration were used to interrogate a newly identified white matter degeneration-reactive astrocyte subtype. We define how this reactivity state is induced and its role in governing the molecular and functional specification of local microglia that clear myelin debris from the degenerating white matter to promote repair.
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10
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Cui Y, Liu J, Lei X, Liu S, Chen H, Wei Z, Li H, Yang Y, Zheng C, Li Z. Dual-directional regulation of spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:548-556. [PMID: 37721283 PMCID: PMC10581592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota affects the incidence and progression of central nervous system diseases via the brain-gut axis. The spinal cord is a vital important part of the central nervous system; however, the underlying association between spinal cord injury and gut interactions remains unknown. Recent studies suggest that patients with spinal cord injury frequently experience intestinal dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. Alterations in the gut microbiota can cause disruption in the intestinal barrier and trigger neurogenic inflammatory responses which may impede recovery after spinal cord injury. This review summarizes existing clinical and basic research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and spinal cord injury. Our research identified three key points. First, the gut microbiota in patients with spinal cord injury presents a key characteristic and gut dysbiosis may profoundly influence multiple organs and systems in patients with spinal cord injury. Second, following spinal cord injury, weakened intestinal peristalsis, prolonged intestinal transport time, and immune dysfunction of the intestine caused by abnormal autonomic nerve function, as well as frequent antibiotic treatment, may induce gut dysbiosis. Third, the gut microbiota and associated metabolites may act on central neurons and affect recovery after spinal cord injury; cytokines and the Toll-like receptor ligand pathways have been identified as crucial mechanisms in the communication between the gut microbiota and central nervous system. Fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, dietary interventions, and other therapies have been shown to serve a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury by modulating the gut microbiota. Therapies targeting the gut microbiota or associated metabolites are a promising approach to promote functional recovery and improve the complications of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Cui
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- International Cooperation and Exchange Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- International Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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11
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Tashiro S, Shibata S, Nagoshi N, Zhang L, Yamada S, Tsuji T, Nakamura M, Okano H. Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical Studies. Cells 2024; 13:412. [PMID: 38474376 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is no choice other than rehabilitation as a practical medical treatment to restore impairments or improve activities after acute treatment in people with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the effect is unremarkable. Therefore, researchers have been seeking effective pharmacological treatments. These will, hopefully, exert a greater effect when combined with rehabilitation. However, no review has specifically summarized the combinatorial effects of rehabilitation with various medical agents. In the current review, which included 43 articles, we summarized the combinatorial effects according to the properties of the medical agents, namely neuromodulation, neurotrophic factors, counteraction to inhibitory factors, and others. The recovery processes promoted by rehabilitation include the regeneration of tracts, neuroprotection, scar tissue reorganization, plasticity of spinal circuits, microenvironmental change in the spinal cord, and enforcement of the musculoskeletal system, which are additive, complementary, or even synergistic with medication in many cases. However, there are some cases that lack interaction or even demonstrate competition between medication and rehabilitation. A large fraction of the combinatorial mechanisms remains to be elucidated, and very few studies have investigated complex combinations of these agents or targeted chronically injured spinal cords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syoichi Tashiro
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shin Yamada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsuji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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12
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Chalif JI, Chavarro VS, Mensah E, Johnston B, Fields DP, Chalif EJ, Chiang M, Sutton O, Yong R, Trumbower R, Lu Y. Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation for Spinal Cord Injury in Humans: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1090. [PMID: 38398403 PMCID: PMC10889415 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a major health challenge, often leading to significant and permanent sensorimotor and autonomic dysfunctions. This study reviews the evolving role of epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS) in treating chronic SCI, focusing on its efficacy and safety. The objective was to analyze how eSCS contributes to the recovery of neurological functions in SCI patients. (2) Methods: We utilized the PRISMA guidelines and performed a comprehensive search across MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore databases up until September 2023. We identified studies relevant to eSCS in SCI and extracted assessments of locomotor, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and genitourinary functions. (3) Results: A total of 64 studies encompassing 306 patients were identified. Studies investigated various stimulation devices, parameters, and rehabilitation methods. Results indicated significant improvements in motor function: 44% of patients achieved assisted or independent stepping or standing; 87% showed enhanced muscle activity; 65% experienced faster walking speeds; and 80% improved in overground walking. Additionally, eSCS led to better autonomic function, evidenced by improvements in bladder and sexual functions, airway pressures, and bowel movements. Notable adverse effects included device migration, infections, and post-implant autonomic dysreflexia, although these were infrequent. (4) Conclusion: Epidural spinal cord stimulation is emerging as an effective and generally safe treatment for chronic SCI, particularly when combined with intensive physical rehabilitation. Future research on standardized stimulation parameters and well-defined therapy regimens will optimize benefits for specific patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. I. Chalif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.I.C.); (V.S.C.); (B.J.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (R.T.)
| | - V. S. Chavarro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.I.C.); (V.S.C.); (B.J.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (R.T.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - E. Mensah
- Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - B. Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.I.C.); (V.S.C.); (B.J.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (R.T.)
| | - D. P. Fields
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - E. J. Chalif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.I.C.); (V.S.C.); (B.J.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (R.T.)
| | - M. Chiang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (R.T.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Management, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - O. Sutton
- Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Management, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - R. Yong
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (R.T.)
- Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Management, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - R. Trumbower
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (R.T.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Y. Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.I.C.); (V.S.C.); (B.J.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (R.T.)
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13
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Calderone A, Cardile D, De Luca R, Quartarone A, Corallo F, Calabrò RS. Brain Plasticity in Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2224. [PMID: 38396902 PMCID: PMC10888628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) causes changes in brain structure and brain function due to the direct effects of nerve damage, secondary mechanisms, and long-term effects of the injury, such as paralysis and neuropathic pain (NP). Recovery takes place over weeks to months, which is a time frame well beyond the duration of spinal shock and is the phase in which the spinal cord remains unstimulated below the level of injury and is associated with adaptations occurring throughout the nervous system, often referred to as neuronal plasticity. Such changes occur at different anatomical sites and also at different physiological and molecular biological levels. This review aims to investigate brain plasticity in patients with SCIs and its influence on the rehabilitation process. Studies were identified from an online search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies published between 2013 and 2023 were selected. This review has been registered on OSF under (n) 9QP45. We found that neuroplasticity can affect the sensory-motor network, and different protocols or rehabilitation interventions can activate this process in different ways. Exercise rehabilitation training in humans with SCIs can elicit white matter plasticity in the form of increased myelin water content. This review has demonstrated that SCI patients may experience plastic changes either spontaneously or as a result of specific neurorehabilitation training, which may lead to positive outcomes in functional recovery. Clinical and experimental evidence convincingly displays that plasticity occurs in the adult CNS through a variety of events following traumatic or non-traumatic SCI. Furthermore, efficacy-based, pharmacological, and genetic approaches, alone or in combination, are increasingly effective in promoting plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Calderone
- Graduate School of Health Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Davide Cardile
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria De Luca
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Corallo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
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14
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Zhou K, Wei W, Yang D, Zhang H, Yang W, Zhang Y, Nie Y, Hao M, Wang P, Ruan H, Zhang T, Wang S, Liu Y. Dual electrical stimulation at spinal-muscular interface reconstructs spinal sensorimotor circuits after spinal cord injury. Nat Commun 2024; 15:619. [PMID: 38242904 PMCID: PMC10799086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The neural signals produced by varying electrical stimulation parameters lead to characteristic neural circuit responses. However, the characteristics of neural circuits reconstructed by electrical signals remain poorly understood, which greatly limits the application of such electrical neuromodulation techniques for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Here, we develop a dual electrical stimulation system that combines epidural electrical and muscle stimulation to mimic feedforward and feedback electrical signals in spinal sensorimotor circuits. We demonstrate that a stimulus frequency of 10-20 Hz under dual stimulation conditions is required for structural and functional reconstruction of spinal sensorimotor circuits, which not only activates genes associated with axonal regeneration of motoneurons, but also improves the excitability of spinal neurons. Overall, the results provide insights into neural signal decoding during spinal sensorimotor circuit reconstruction, suggesting that the combination of epidural electrical and muscle stimulation is a promising method for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University; Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University; Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University; Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University; Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University; Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Yingnan Nie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingming Hao
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315048, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hang Ruan
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shouyan Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yaobo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University; Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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15
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Burtscher J, Moraud EM, Malatesta D, Millet GP, Bally JF, Patoz A. Exercise and gait/movement analyses in treatment and diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102147. [PMID: 38036102 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardinal motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) include bradykinesia, rest tremor and/or rigidity. This symptomatology can additionally encompass abnormal gait, balance and postural patterns at advanced stages of the disease. Besides pharmacological and surgical therapies, physical exercise represents an important strategy for the management of these advanced impairments. Traditionally, diagnosis and classification of such abnormalities have relied on partially subjective evaluations performed by neurologists during short and temporally scattered hospital appointments. Emerging sports medical methods, including wearable sensor-based movement assessment and computational-statistical analysis, are paving the way for more objective and systematic diagnoses in everyday life conditions. These approaches hold promise to facilitate customizing clinical trials to specific PD groups, as well as personalizing neuromodulation therapies and exercise prescriptions for each individual, remotely and regularly, according to disease progression or specific motor symptoms. We aim to summarize exercise benefits for PD with a specific emphasis on gait and balance deficits, and to provide an overview of recent advances in movement analysis approaches, notably from the sports science community, with value for diagnosis and prognosis. Although such techniques are becoming increasingly available, their standardization and optimization for clinical purposes is critically missing, especially in their translation to complex neurodegenerative disorders such as PD. We highlight the importance of integrating state-of-the-art gait and movement analysis approaches, in combination with other motor, electrophysiological or neural biomarkers, to improve the understanding of the diversity of PD phenotypes, their response to therapies and the dynamics of their disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Eduardo Martin Moraud
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Defitech Centre for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), UNIL-CHUV and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien F Bally
- Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Patoz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Research and Development Department, Volodalen Swiss Sport Lab, Aigle, Switzerland
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16
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Harrigan ME, Filous AR, Vadala CP, Webb A, Pietrzak M, Sahenk Z, Prüss H, Reiser PJ, Popovich PG, Arnold WD, Schwab JM. Lesion level-dependent systemic muscle wasting after spinal cord injury is mediated by glucocorticoid signaling in mice. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadh2156. [PMID: 38117902 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
An incomplete mechanistic understanding of skeletal muscle wasting early after spinal cord injury (SCI) precludes targeted molecular interventions. Here, we demonstrated systemic wasting that also affected innervated nonparalyzed (supralesional) muscles and emerged within 1 week after experimental SCI in mice. Systemic muscle wasting caused muscle weakness, affected fast type 2 myofibers preferentially, and became exacerbated after high (T3) compared with low (T9) thoracic paraplegia, indicating lesion level-dependent ("neurogenic") mechanisms. The wasting of nonparalyzed muscle and its rapid onset and severity beyond what can be explained by disuse implied unknown systemic drivers. Muscle transcriptome and biochemical analysis revealed a glucocorticoid-mediated catabolic signature early after T3 SCI. SCI-induced systemic muscle wasting was mitigated by (i) endogenous glucocorticoid ablation (adrenalectomy) and (ii) pharmacological glucocorticoid receptor (GR) blockade and was (iii) completely prevented after T3 relative to T9 SCI by genetic muscle-specific GR deletion. These results suggest that neurogenic hypercortisolism contributes to a rapid systemic and functionally relevant muscle wasting syndrome early after paraplegic SCI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus E Harrigan
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury Division (Paraplegiology), College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Angela R Filous
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury Division (Paraplegiology), College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher P Vadala
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury Division (Paraplegiology), College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zarife Sahenk
- Center for Gene Therapy, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Harald Prüss
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter J Reiser
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - W David Arnold
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jan M Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury Division (Paraplegiology), College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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17
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Mari S, Lecomte CG, Merlet AN, Audet J, Yassine S, Eddaoui O, Genois G, Nadeau C, Harnie J, Rybak IA, Prilutsky BI, Frigon A. Changes in intra- and interlimb reflexes from hindlimb cutaneous afferents after staggered thoracic lateral hemisections during locomotion in cats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571869. [PMID: 38168183 PMCID: PMC10760189 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
When the foot dorsum contacts an obstacle during locomotion, cutaneous afferents signal central circuits to coordinate muscle activity in the four limbs. Spinal cord injury disrupts these interactions, impairing balance and interlimb coordination. We evoked cutaneous reflexes by electrically stimulating left and right superficial peroneal nerves before and after two thoracic lateral hemisections placed on opposite sides of the cord at 9-13 weeks interval in seven adult cats (4 males and 3 females). We recorded reflex responses in ten hindlimb and five forelimb muscles bilaterally. After the first (right T5-T6) and second (left T10-T11) hemisections, coordination of the fore- and hindlimbs was altered and/or became less consistent. After the second hemisection, cats required balance assistance to perform quadrupedal locomotion. Short-latency reflex responses in homonymous and crossed hindlimb muscles largely remained unaffected after staggered hemisections. However, mid- and long-latency homonymous and crossed responses in both hindlimbs occurred less frequently after staggered hemisections. In forelimb muscles, homolateral and diagonal mid- and long-latency response occurrence significantly decreased after the first and second hemisections. In all four limbs, however, when present, short-, mid- and long-latency responses maintained their phase-dependent modulation. We also observed reduced durations of short-latency inhibitory homonymous responses in left hindlimb extensors early after the first hemisection and delayed short-latency responses in the right ipsilesional hindlimb after the first hemisection. Therefore, changes in cutaneous reflex responses correlated with impaired balance/stability and interlimb coordination during locomotion after spinal cord injury. Restoring reflex transmission could be used as a biomarker to facilitate locomotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mari
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Charly G. Lecomte
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Angèle N. Merlet
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Johannie Audet
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sirine Yassine
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Oussama Eddaoui
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Genois
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Charlène Nadeau
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Harnie
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ilya A. Rybak
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Boris I. Prilutsky
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alain Frigon
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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18
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Guo X, Jiang C, Chen Z, Wang X, Hong F, Hao D. Regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in spinal cord injury: an updated review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276445. [PMID: 38022526 PMCID: PMC10663250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are involved in neural homeostasis and pathological processes associated with neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). The biological effect of cytokines, including those associated with acute or chronic SCI pathologies, are the result of receptor-mediated signaling through the Janus kinases (JAKs) as well as the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) DNA-binding protein families. Although therapies targeting at cytokines have led to significant changes in the treatment of SCI, they present difficulties in various aspects for the direct use by patients themselves. Several small-molecule inhibitors of JAKs, which may affect multiple pro-inflammatory cytokine-dependent pathways, as well as STATs, are in clinical development for the treatment of SCI. This review describes the current understanding of the JAK-STAT signaling in neuroendocrine homeostasis and diseases, together with the rationale for targeting at this pathway for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Fan Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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19
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Danner SM, Shepard CT, Hainline C, Shevtsova NA, Rybak IA, Magnuson DSK. Spinal control of locomotion before and after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114496. [PMID: 37499972 PMCID: PMC10529867 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic spinal cord injury affects long propriospinal neurons that interconnect the cervical and lumbar enlargements. These neurons are crucial for coordinating forelimb and hindlimb locomotor movements in a speed-dependent manner. However, recovery from spinal cord injury is usually studied over a very limited range of speeds that may not fully expose circuitry dysfunction. To overcome this limitation, we investigated overground locomotion in rats trained to move over an extended distance with a wide range of speeds both pre-injury and after recovery from thoracic hemisection or contusion injuries. In this experimental context, intact rats expressed a speed-dependent continuum of alternating (walk and trot) and non-alternating (canter, gallop, half-bound gallop, and bound) gaits. After a lateral hemisection injury, rats recovered the ability to locomote over a wide range of speeds but lost the ability to use the highest-speed gaits (half-bound gallop and bound) and predominantly used the limb contralateral to the injury as lead during canter and gallop. A moderate contusion injury caused a greater reduction in maximal speed, loss of all non-alternating gaits, and emergence of novel alternating gaits. These changes resulted from weak fore-hind coupling together with appropriate control of left-right alternation. After hemisection, animals expressed a subset of intact gaits with appropriate interlimb coordination even on the side of the injury, where the long propriospinal connections were severed. These observations highlight how investigating locomotion over the full range of speeds can reveal otherwise hidden aspects of spinal locomotor control and post-injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Danner
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Courtney T Shepard
- Interdisciplinary Program in Translational Neuroscience, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Health Sciences Campus, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Casey Hainline
- Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Health Sciences Campus, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Natalia A Shevtsova
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilya A Rybak
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David S K Magnuson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Health Sciences Campus, Louisville, KY, USA; Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Health Sciences Campus, Louisville, KY, USA
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20
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Dougherty KJ. Distinguishing subtypes of spinal locomotor neurons to inform circuit function and dysfunction. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 82:102763. [PMID: 37611531 PMCID: PMC10578609 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Locomotion is a complex motor task executed by spinal neurons. Given the diversity of spinal cord neurons, linking neuronal cell type to function is a challenge. Molecular identification of broad spinal interneuronal classes provided a great advance. Recent studies have used other classifiers, including location, electrophysiological properties, and connectivity, in addition to gene profiling, to narrow the acuity with which groups of neurons can be related to specific functions. However, there are also functional populations without a clear identifier, as exemplified by rhythm generating neurons. Other considerations, including experience or plasticity, add a layer of complexity to the definition of functional subpopulations of spinal neurons, but spinal cord injury may provide insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Dougherty
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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21
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Squair JW, Milano M, de Coucy A, Gautier M, Skinnider MA, James ND, Cho N, Lasne A, Kathe C, Hutson TH, Ceto S, Baud L, Galan K, Aureli V, Laskaratos A, Barraud Q, Deming TJ, Kohman RE, Schneider BL, He Z, Bloch J, Sofroniew MV, Courtine G, Anderson MA. Recovery of walking after paralysis by regenerating characterized neurons to their natural target region. Science 2023; 381:1338-1345. [PMID: 37733871 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi6412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Axon regeneration can be induced across anatomically complete spinal cord injury (SCI), but robust functional restoration has been elusive. Whether restoring neurological functions requires directed regeneration of axons from specific neuronal subpopulations to their natural target regions remains unclear. To address this question, we applied projection-specific and comparative single-nucleus RNA sequencing to identify neuronal subpopulations that restore walking after incomplete SCI. We show that chemoattracting and guiding the transected axons of these neurons to their natural target region led to substantial recovery of walking after complete SCI in mice, whereas regeneration of axons simply across the lesion had no effect. Thus, reestablishing the natural projections of characterized neurons forms an essential part of axon regeneration strategies aimed at restoring lost neurological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Squair
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Milano
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra de Coucy
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Gautier
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Skinnider
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D James
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Newton Cho
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lasne
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kathe
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas H Hutson
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steven Ceto
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Baud
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katia Galan
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Aureli
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Achilleas Laskaratos
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Barraud
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Timothy J Deming
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richie E Kohman
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gregoire Courtine
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Anderson
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Punjani N, Deska-Gauthier D, Hachem LD, Abramian M, Fehlings MG. Neuroplasticity and regeneration after spinal cord injury. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL 2023; 15:100235. [PMID: 37416090 PMCID: PMC10320621 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2023.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition with significant personal, societal, and economic burden. The highest proportion of traumatic injuries occur at the cervical level, which results in severe sensorimotor and autonomic deficits. Following the initial physical damage associated with traumatic injuries, secondary pro-inflammatory, excitotoxic, and ischemic cascades are initiated further contributing to neuronal and glial cell death. Additionally, emerging evidence has begun to reveal that spinal interneurons undergo subtype specific neuroplastic circuit rearrangements in the weeks to months following SCI, contributing to or hindering functional recovery. The current therapeutic guidelines and standards of care for SCI patients include early surgery, hemodynamic regulation, and rehabilitation. Additionally, preclinical work and ongoing clinical trials have begun exploring neuroregenerative strategies utilizing endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells, stem cell transplantation, combinatorial approaches, and direct cell reprogramming. This review will focus on emerging cellular and noncellular regenerative therapies with an overview of the current available strategies, the role of interneurons in plasticity, and the exciting research avenues enhancing tissue repair following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayaab Punjani
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Deska-Gauthier
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laureen D. Hachem
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Madlene Abramian
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Goltash S, Stevens SJ, Topcu E, Bui TV. Changes in synaptic inputs to dI3 INs and MNs after complete transection in adult mice. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1176310. [PMID: 37476398 PMCID: PMC10354275 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1176310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that disrupts the communication between the brain and the spinal cord. Several studies have sought to determine how to revive dormant spinal circuits caudal to the lesion to restore movements in paralyzed patients. So far, recovery levels in human patients have been modest at best. In contrast, animal models of SCI exhibit more recovery of lost function. Previous work from our lab has identified dI3 interneurons as a spinal neuron population central to the recovery of locomotor function in spinalized mice. We seek to determine the changes in the circuitry of dI3 interneurons and motoneurons following SCI in adult mice. Methods After a complete transection of the spinal cord at T9-T11 level in transgenic Isl1:YFP mice and subsequent treadmill training at various time points of recovery following surgery, we examined changes in three key circuits involving dI3 interneurons and motoneurons: (1) Sensory inputs from proprioceptive and cutaneous afferents, (2) Presynaptic inhibition of sensory inputs, and (3) Central excitatory glutamatergic synapses from spinal neurons onto dI3 INs and motoneurons. Furthermore, we examined the possible role of treadmill training on changes in synaptic connectivity to dI3 interneurons and motoneurons. Results Our data suggests that VGLUT1+ inputs to dI3 interneurons decrease transiently or only at later stages after injury, whereas levels of VGLUT1+ remain the same for motoneurons after injury. Levels of VGLUT2+ inputs to dI3 INs and MNs may show transient increases but fall below levels seen in sham-operated mice after a period of time. Levels of presynaptic inhibition to VGLUT1+ inputs to dI3 INs and MNs can rise shortly after SCI, but those increases do not persist. However, levels of presynaptic inhibition to VGLUT1+ inputs never fell below levels observed in sham-operated mice. For some synaptic inputs studied, levels were higher in spinal cord-injured animals that received treadmill training, but these increases were observed only at some time points. Discussion These results suggest remodeling of spinal circuits involving spinal interneurons that have previously been implicated in the recovery of locomotor function after spinal cord injury in mice.
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24
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Kj S, Nk M, Pg A. Ayurveda, yoga, and acupuncture therapies in alleviating the symptom score among patients with spinal cord injury - A systematic review. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100749. [PMID: 37467569 PMCID: PMC10372387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the leading cause of motor and sensory abnormalities due to damage caused to any part of the spinal cord resulting from trauma, disease, or degeneration. Most of the disability caused will be irreversible with various systemic manifestations. Hence, management of SCI focuses on minimising disability, diminishing limitations due to impairment, and improving quality of life, emotional, and psychological aspects. AIM This review is aimed at describing Ayurveda, Yoga, and Acupuncture therapies in the management of SCI as individual and integrated approaches for alleviating the symptom score in patients with SCI. METHODS The data was collected from six databases, including PubMed Central, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Grey Literature. The subjects in these studies were between the ages group 21-70 years and had been previously diagnosed with SCI and its clinical presentation. The interventions used in the selected studies incorporate Ayurveda (medicinal system of longevity) herbal medications, Panchakarma (five methods) treatment, diet, and yoga (mind-body medicine) therapy. Full-text publications in English, and research designs such as randomised controlled trials, case studies, review articles and cohort studies were included. Letter to the editor, study protocol, animal trials, and in vitro studies were excluded. RESULTS 216 records were identified using keywords such as spinal cord injury, Äyurveda, Acupuncture, païca karma, rehabilitation, and yoga. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 articles were selected for synthesis, which contain 12 case studies, 12 literature review articles, 2 randomised controlled trials, 1 cohort study, and 1 meta-analysis. CONCLUSION The integration of Ayurveda management, including Panchakarmatherapy and Ayurveda medications, with other alternative therapies like Acupuncture, Yoga, and Rehabilitation improved muscle strength, quality of life, range of motion, and neuronal function, and reduced depression, stress, and pain with symptom scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Kj
- Division of Natural Therapeutics, SDM College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Ujire, D.K. Affiliated to RGUHS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Ahalya Pg
- SDM College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Ujire, D.K.Affiliated to RGUHS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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25
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Danner SM, Shepard CT, Hainline C, Shevtsova NA, Rybak IA, Magnuson DS. Spinal control of locomotion before and after spinal cord injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533794. [PMID: 36993490 PMCID: PMC10055332 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic spinal cord injury affects long propriospinal neurons that interconnect the cervical and lumbar enlargements. These neurons are crucial for coordinating forelimb and hindlimb locomotor movements in a speed-dependent manner. However, recovery from spinal cord injury is usually studied over a very limited range of speeds that may not fully expose circuitry dysfunction. To overcome this limitation, we investigated overground locomotion in rats trained to move over an extended distance with a wide range of speeds both pre-injury and after recovery from thoracic hemisection or contusion injuries. In this experimental context, intact rats expressed a speed-dependent continuum of alternating (walk and trot) and non-alternating (canter, gallop, half-bound gallop, and bound) gaits. After a lateral hemisection injury, rats recovered the ability to locomote over a wide range of speeds but lost the ability to use the highest-speed gaits (half-bound gallop and bound) and predominantly used the limb contralateral to the injury as lead during canter and gallop. A moderate contusion injury caused a greater reduction in maximal speed, loss of all non-alternating gaits, and emergence of novel alternating gaits. These changes resulted from weak fore-hind coupling together with appropriate control of left-right alternation. After hemisection, animals expressed a subset of intact gaits with appropriate interlimb coordination even on the side of the injury, where the long propriospinal connections were severed. These observations highlight how investigating locomotion over the full range of speeds can reveal otherwise hidden aspects of spinal locomotor control and post-injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Danner
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Courtney T. Shepard
- Interdisciplinary Program in Translational Neuroscience, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Health Sciences Campus, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Casey Hainline
- Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Health Sciences Campus, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Natalia A. Shevtsova
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilya A. Rybak
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David S.K. Magnuson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Health Sciences Campus, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Health Sciences Campus, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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26
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Luz A, Rupp R, Ahmadi R, Weidner N. Beyond treatment of chronic pain: a scoping review about epidural electrical spinal cord stimulation to restore sensorimotor and autonomic function after spinal cord injury. Neurol Res Pract 2023; 5:14. [PMID: 37055819 PMCID: PMC10103526 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-023-00241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidural electrical epinal cord stimulation (ESCS) is an established therapeutic option in various chronic pain conditions. In the last decade, proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated that ESCS in combination with task-oriented rehabilitative interventions can partially restore motor function and neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). In addition to the ESCS applications for improvement of upper and lower extremity function, ESCS has been investigated for treatment of autonomic dysfunction after SCI such as orthostatic hypotension. The aim of this overview is to present the background of ESCS, emerging concepts and its readiness to become a routine therapy in SCI beyond treatment of chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Luz
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rupp
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rezvan Ahmadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Weidner
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Cheng J, Guan NN. A fresh look at propriospinal interneurons plasticity and intraspinal circuits remodeling after spinal cord injury. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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28
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Decourt C, Schaeffer J, Blot B, Paccard A, Excoffier B, Pende M, Nawabi H, Belin S. The RSK2-RPS6 axis promotes axonal regeneration in the peripheral and central nervous systems. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002044. [PMID: 37068088 PMCID: PMC10109519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike immature neurons and the ones from the peripheral nervous system (PNS), mature neurons from the central nervous system (CNS) cannot regenerate after injury. In the past 15 years, tremendous progress has been made to identify molecules and pathways necessary for neuroprotection and/or axon regeneration after CNS injury. In most regenerative models, phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-RPS6) is up-regulated in neurons, which is often associated with an activation of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. However, the exact contribution of posttranslational modifications of this ribosomal protein in CNS regeneration remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that RPS6 phosphorylation is essential for PNS and CNS regeneration in mice. We show that this phosphorylation is induced during the preconditioning effect in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and that it is controlled by the p90S6 kinase RSK2. Our results reveal that RSK2 controls the preconditioning effect and that the RSK2-RPS6 axis is key for this process, as well as for PNS regeneration. Finally, we demonstrate that RSK2 promotes CNS regeneration in the dorsal column, spinal cord synaptic plasticity, and target innervation leading to functional recovery. Our data establish the critical role of RPS6 phosphorylation controlled by RSK2 in CNS regeneration and give new insights into the mechanisms related to axon growth and circuit formation after traumatic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Decourt
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julia Schaeffer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Beatrice Blot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Paccard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Blandine Excoffier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mario Pende
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Homaira Nawabi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stephane Belin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
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29
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Lee H, Ciabatti E, González-Rueda A, Williams E, Nugent F, Mookerjee S, Morgese F, Tripodi M. Combining long-term circuit mapping and network transcriptomics with SiR-N2c. Nat Methods 2023; 20:580-589. [PMID: 36864202 PMCID: PMC7614628 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
An exciting frontier in circuit neuroscience lies at the intersection between neural network mapping and single-cell genomics. Monosynaptic rabies viruses provide a promising platform for the merger of circuit mapping methods with -omics approaches. However, three key limitations have hindered the extraction of physiologically meaningful gene expression profiles from rabies-mapped circuits: inherent viral cytotoxicity, high viral immunogenicity and virus-induced alteration of cellular transcriptional regulation. These factors alter the transcriptional and translational profiles of infected neurons and their neighboring cells. To overcome these limitations we applied a self-inactivating genomic modification to the less immunogenic rabies strain, CVS-N2c, to generate a self-inactivating CVS-N2c rabies virus (SiR-N2c). SiR-N2c not only eliminates undesired cytotoxic effects but also substantially reduces gene expression alterations in infected neurons and dampens the recruitment of innate and acquired immune responses, thus enabling open-ended interventions on neural networks and their genetic characterization using single-cell genomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassal Lee
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Ernesto Ciabatti
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Elena Williams
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Nugent
- IMAXT Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Fabio Morgese
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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30
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Liu F, Huang Y, Wang H. Rodent Models of Spinal Cord Injury: From Pathology to Application. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:340-361. [PMID: 36303082 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often has devastating consequences for the patient's physical, mental and occupational health. At present, there is no effective treatment for SCI, and appropriate animal models are very important for studying the pathological manifestations, injury mechanisms, and corresponding treatment. However, the pathological changes in each injury model are different, which creates difficulties in selecting appropriate models for different research purposes. In this article, we analyze various SCI models and introduce their pathological features, including inflammation, glial scar formation, axon regeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and oxidative stress, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each model, which is convenient for selecting suitable models for different injury mechanisms to study therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuze Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Soriano JE, Hudelle R, Squair JW, Mahe L, Amir S, Gautier M, Puchalt VP, Barraud Q, Phillips AA, Courtine G. Longitudinal interrogation of sympathetic neural circuits and hemodynamics in preclinical models. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:340-373. [PMID: 36418397 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, result in hemodynamic instability due to the disruption of supraspinal projections to the sympathetic circuits located in the spinal cord. We recently developed a preclinical model that allows the identification of the topology and dynamics through which sympathetic circuits modulate hemodynamics, supporting the development of a neuroprosthetic baroreflex that precisely controls blood pressure in rats, monkeys and humans with spinal cord injuries. Here, we describe the continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity over several months in preclinical models of chronic neurological disorders using commercially available telemetry technologies, as well as optogenetic and neuronal tract-tracing procedures specifically adapted to the sympathetic circuitry. Using a blueprint to construct a negative-pressure chamber, the approach enables the reproduction, in rats, of well-controlled and reproducible episodes of hypotension-mimicking orthostatic challenges already used in humans. Blood pressure variations can thus be directly induced and linked to the molecular, functional and anatomical properties of specific neurons in the brainstem, spinal cord and ganglia. Each procedure can be completed in under 2 h, while the construction of the negative-pressure chamber requires up to 1 week. With training, individuals with a basic understanding of cardiovascular physiology, engineering or neuroscience can collect longitudinal recordings of hemodynamics and sympathetic nerve activity over several months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Elaine Soriano
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiac Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rémi Hudelle
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jordan W Squair
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiac Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Lois Mahe
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suje Amir
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Gautier
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victor Perez Puchalt
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Barraud
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aaron A Phillips
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiac Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Gregoire Courtine
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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32
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Sydney-Smith JD, Koltchev AM, Moon LDF, Warren PM. Delayed viral vector mediated delivery of neurotrophin-3 improves skilled hindlimb function and stability after thoracic contusion. Exp Neurol 2023; 360:114278. [PMID: 36455639 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular injection of an Adeno-associated viral vector serotype 1 (AAV1) encoding Neurotrophin-3 (NT3) into hindlimb muscles 24 h after a severe T9 spinal level contusion in rats has been shown to induce lumbar spinal neuroplasticity, partially restore locomotive function and reduce spasms during swimming. Here we investigate whether a targeted delivery of NT3 to lumbar and thoracic motor neurons 48 h following a severe contusive injury aids locomotive recovery in rats. AAV1-NT3 was injected bilaterally into the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and rectus abdominus muscles 48-h following trauma, persistently elevating serum levels of the neurotrophin. NT3 modestly improved trunk stability, accuracy of stepping during skilled locomotion, and alternation of the hindlimbs during swimming, but it had no effect on gross locomotor function in the open field. The number of vGlut1+ boutons, likely arising from proprioceptive afferents, on gastrocnemius α-motor neurons was increased after injury but normalised following NT3 treatment, suggestive of a mechanism in which functional benefits may be mediated through proprioceptive feedback. Ex vivo MRI revealed substantial loss of grey and white matter at the lesion epicentre but no effect of delayed NT3 treatment to induce neuroprotection. Lower body spasms and hyperreflexia of an intrinsic paw muscle were not reliably induced in this severe injury model suggesting a more complex anatomical or physiological cause to their induction. We have shown that delayed intramuscular AAV-NT3 treatment can promote recovery in skilled stepping and coordinated swimming, supporting a role for NT3 as a therapeutic strategy for spinal injuries potentially through modulation of somatosensory feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Sydney-Smith
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alice M Koltchev
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Lawrence D F Moon
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Philippa M Warren
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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33
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Aljović A, Jacobi A, Marcantoni M, Kagerer F, Loy K, Kendirli A, Bräutigam J, Fabbio L, Van Steenbergen V, Pleśniar K, Kerschensteiner M, Bareyre FM. Synaptogenic gene therapy with FGF22 improves circuit plasticity and functional recovery following spinal cord injury. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16111. [PMID: 36601738 PMCID: PMC9906383 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional recovery following incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) depends on the rewiring of motor circuits during which supraspinal connections form new contacts onto spinal relay neurons. We have recently identified a critical role of the presynaptic organizer FGF22 for the formation of new synapses in the remodeling spinal cord. Here, we now explore whether and how targeted overexpression of FGF22 can be used to mitigate the severe functional consequences of SCI. By targeting FGF22 expression to either long propriospinal neurons, excitatory interneurons, or a broader population of interneurons, we establish that FGF22 can enhance neuronal rewiring both in a circuit-specific and comprehensive way. We can further demonstrate that the latter approach can restore functional recovery when applied either on the day of the lesion or within 24 h. Our study thus establishes viral gene transfer of FGF22 as a new synaptogenic treatment for SCI and defines a critical therapeutic window for its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almir Aljović
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Graduate School of Systemic NeurosciencesLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Anne Jacobi
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Present address:
F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Maite Marcantoni
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Fritz Kagerer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Elite Graduate Program M.Sc. Biomedical NeuroscienceTUMMunichGermany
| | - Kristina Loy
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Arek Kendirli
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Graduate School of Systemic NeurosciencesLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Jonas Bräutigam
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Luca Fabbio
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Valérie Van Steenbergen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Katarzyna Pleśniar
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Florence M Bareyre
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
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34
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Yang W, Kanodia H, Arber S. Structural and functional map for forelimb movement phases between cortex and medulla. Cell 2023; 186:162-177.e18. [PMID: 36608651 PMCID: PMC9842395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cortex influences movement by widespread top-down projections to many nervous system regions. Skilled forelimb movements require brainstem circuitry in the medulla; however, the logic of cortical interactions with these neurons remains unexplored. Here, we reveal a fine-grained anatomical and functional map between anterior cortex (AC) and medulla in mice. Distinct cortical regions generate three-dimensional synaptic columns tiling the lateral medulla, topographically matching the dorso-ventral positions of postsynaptic neurons tuned to distinct forelimb action phases. Although medial AC (MAC) terminates ventrally and connects to forelimb-reaching-tuned neurons and its silencing impairs reaching, lateral AC (LAC) influences dorsally positioned neurons tuned to food handling, and its silencing impairs handling. Cortico-medullary neurons also extend collaterals to other subcortical structures through a segregated channel interaction logic. Our findings reveal a precise alignment between cortical location, its function, and specific forelimb-action-tuned medulla neurons, thereby clarifying interaction principles between these two key structures and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhou Yang
- Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harsh Kanodia
- Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Arber
- Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland,Corresponding author
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Shin JC, Jeon HR, Kim D, Min WK, Lee JS, Cho SI, Oh DS, Yoo J. Effects of end-effector robot-assisted gait training on gait ability, muscle strength, and balance in patients with spinal cord injury. NeuroRehabilitation 2023; 53:335-346. [PMID: 37638457 DOI: 10.3233/nre-230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no randomized controlled study about the effects of end-effector robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of end-effector RAGT on gait and balance abilities in SCI. METHODS Thirty-one patients were randomly assigned to the RAGT (Morning Walk®, Curexo, Seoul, South Korea) or conventional therapy (CT) group. Patients were assessed using the 10-meter walk test (10MWT), 6-minute walk test (6mWT), lower extremity motor score (LEMS) and proprioception, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury-II (WISCI-II), and mobility category of Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III. RESULTS All clinical outcome measures significantly improved in both groups. The BBS and WISCI-II were significantly improved in the RAGT group compared to the CT group. In the RAGT group, pre-LEMS and pre-WISCI-II of the 10MWT improved group and pre-BBS of the 6mWT improved group were higher than those of the 10MWT non-improved and 6mWT non-improved group, respectively. CONCLUSION End-effector RAGT and CT in patients with incomplete SCI could lead to improvements in gait ability, lower extremity muscle strength, balance, proprioception, and mobility. Additionally, end-effector RAGT could improve balance and gait abilities substantially better than CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheol Shin
- Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha Ra Jeon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Dahn Kim
- Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Kyu Min
- Rehabilitation Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June Sung Lee
- Rehabilitation Center, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sung Il Cho
- Rehabilitation Center, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Da Som Oh
- Inje Industry, Academic Cooperation Foundation, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jeehyun Yoo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
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Wang Z, Duan H, Hao F, Hao P, Zhao W, Gao Y, Gu Y, Song J, Li X, Yang Z. Circuit reconstruction of newborn neurons after spinal cord injury in adult rats via an NT3-chitosan scaffold. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 220:102375. [PMID: 36410665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An implanted neurotrophin-3 (NT3)-chitosan scaffold can recruit endogenous neural stem cells to migrate to a lesion region and differentiate into mature neurons after adult spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the identities of these newborn neurons and whether they can form functional synapses and circuits to promote recovery after paraplegia remain unknown. By using combined advanced technologies, we revealed here that the newborn neurons of several subtypes received synaptic input from the corticospinal tract (CST), rubrospinal tract (RST), and supraspinal tracts. They formed a functional neural circuit at the injured spinal region, further driving the local circuits beneath the lesion. Our results showed that the NT3-chitosan scaffold facilitated the maturation of spinal neurons and the reestablishment of the spinal neural circuit in the lesion region 12 weeks after SCI. Transsynaptic virus experiments revealed that these newborn spinal neurons received synaptic connections from the CST and RST and drove the neural circuit beneath the lesion via newly formed synapses. These re-established circuits successfully recovered the formation and function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) beneath the lesion spinal segments. These findings suggest that the NT3-chitosan scaffold promotes the formation of relay neural circuits to accommodate various types of brain descending inputs and facilitate functional recovery after paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hongmei Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yudan Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Physical Education Department, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jianren Song
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China; Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Khan MN, Cherukuri P, Negro F, Rajput A, Fabrowski P, Bansal V, Lancelin C, Lee TI, Bian Y, Mayer WP, Akay T, Müller D, Bonn S, Farina D, Marquardt T. ERR2 and ERR3 promote the development of gamma motor neuron functional properties required for proprioceptive movement control. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001923. [PMID: 36542664 PMCID: PMC9815657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of terrestrial vertebrates to effectively move on land is integrally linked to the diversification of motor neurons into types that generate muscle force (alpha motor neurons) and types that modulate muscle proprioception, a task that in mammals is chiefly mediated by gamma motor neurons. The diversification of motor neurons into alpha and gamma types and their respective contributions to movement control have been firmly established in the past 7 decades, while recent studies identified gene expression signatures linked to both motor neuron types. However, the mechanisms that promote the specification of gamma motor neurons and/or their unique properties remained unaddressed. Here, we found that upon selective loss of the orphan nuclear receptors ERR2 and ERR3 (also known as ERRβ, ERRγ or NR3B2, NR3B3, respectively) in motor neurons in mice, morphologically distinguishable gamma motor neurons are generated but do not acquire characteristic functional properties necessary for regulating muscle proprioception, thus disrupting gait and precision movements. Complementary gain-of-function experiments in chick suggest that ERR2 and ERR3 could operate via transcriptional activation of neural activity modulators to promote a gamma motor neuron biophysical signature of low firing thresholds and high firing rates. Our work identifies a mechanism specifying gamma motor neuron functional properties essential for the regulation of proprioceptive movement control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar N. Khan
- Interfaculty Chair for Neurobiological Research, RWTH Aachen University: Medical Faculty (UKA), Clinic for Neurology & Faculty for Mathematics, Computer and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biology 2, Aachen, Germany
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, European Neuroscience Institute (ENI-G), Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (MNK); (TM)
| | - Pitchaiah Cherukuri
- Interfaculty Chair for Neurobiological Research, RWTH Aachen University: Medical Faculty (UKA), Clinic for Neurology & Faculty for Mathematics, Computer and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biology 2, Aachen, Germany
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, European Neuroscience Institute (ENI-G), Göttingen, Germany
- SRM University Andhra Pradesh, Mangalagiri-Mandal, Neeru Konda, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Francesco Negro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ashish Rajput
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Maximon AG, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Fabrowski
- Interfaculty Chair for Neurobiological Research, RWTH Aachen University: Medical Faculty (UKA), Clinic for Neurology & Faculty for Mathematics, Computer and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biology 2, Aachen, Germany
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, European Neuroscience Institute (ENI-G), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vikas Bansal
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Biomedical Data Science and Machine Learning Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Camille Lancelin
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, European Neuroscience Institute (ENI-G), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tsung-I Lee
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, European Neuroscience Institute (ENI-G), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yehan Bian
- Interfaculty Chair for Neurobiological Research, RWTH Aachen University: Medical Faculty (UKA), Clinic for Neurology & Faculty for Mathematics, Computer and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biology 2, Aachen, Germany
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, European Neuroscience Institute (ENI-G), Göttingen, Germany
| | - William P. Mayer
- Atlantic Mobility Action Project, Brain Repair Centre, Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Turgay Akay
- Atlantic Mobility Action Project, Brain Repair Centre, Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Daniel Müller
- Interfaculty Chair for Neurobiological Research, RWTH Aachen University: Medical Faculty (UKA), Clinic for Neurology & Faculty for Mathematics, Computer and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biology 2, Aachen, Germany
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, European Neuroscience Institute (ENI-G), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dario Farina
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, London, United Kingdom
| | - Till Marquardt
- Interfaculty Chair for Neurobiological Research, RWTH Aachen University: Medical Faculty (UKA), Clinic for Neurology & Faculty for Mathematics, Computer and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biology 2, Aachen, Germany
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, European Neuroscience Institute (ENI-G), Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (MNK); (TM)
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Pal A, Park H, Ramamurthy A, Asan AS, Bethea T, Johnkutty M, Carmel JB. Spinal cord associative plasticity improves forelimb sensorimotor function after cervical injury. Brain 2022; 145:4531-4544. [PMID: 36063483 PMCID: PMC10200304 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Associative plasticity occurs when two stimuli converge on a common neural target. Previous efforts to promote associative plasticity have targeted cortex, with variable and moderate effects. In addition, the targeted circuits are inferred, rather than tested directly. In contrast, we sought to target the strong convergence between motor and sensory systems in the spinal cord. We developed spinal cord associative plasticity, precisely timed pairing of motor cortex and dorsal spinal cord stimulations, to target this interaction. We tested the hypothesis that properly timed paired stimulation would strengthen the sensorimotor connections in the spinal cord and improve recovery after spinal cord injury. We tested physiological effects of paired stimulation, the pathways that mediate it, and its function in a preclinical trial. Subthreshold spinal cord stimulation strongly augmented motor cortex evoked muscle potentials at the time they were paired, but only when they arrived synchronously in the spinal cord. This paired stimulation effect depended on both cortical descending motor and spinal cord proprioceptive afferents; selective inactivation of either of these pathways fully abrogated the paired stimulation effect. Spinal cord associative plasticity, repetitive pairing of these pathways for 5 or 30 min in awake rats, increased spinal excitability for hours after pairing ended. To apply spinal cord associative plasticity as therapy, we optimized the parameters to promote strong and long-lasting effects. This effect was just as strong in rats with cervical spinal cord injury as in uninjured rats, demonstrating that spared connections after moderate spinal cord injury were sufficient to support plasticity. In a blinded trial, rats received a moderate C4 contusive spinal cord injury. Ten days after injury, they were randomized to 30 min of spinal cord associative plasticity each day for 10 days or sham stimulation. Rats with spinal cord associative plasticity had significantly improved function on the primary outcome measure, a test of dexterity during manipulation of food, at 50 days after spinal cord injury. In addition, rats with spinal cord associative plasticity had persistently stronger responses to cortical and spinal stimulation than sham stimulation rats, indicating a spinal locus of plasticity. After spinal cord associative plasticity, rats had near normalization of H-reflex modulation. The groups had no difference in the rat grimace scale, a measure of pain. We conclude that spinal cord associative plasticity strengthens sensorimotor connections within the spinal cord, resulting in partial recovery of reflex modulation and forelimb function after moderate spinal cord injury. Since both motor cortex and spinal cord stimulation are performed routinely in humans, this approach can be trialled in people with spinal cord injury or other disorders that damage sensorimotor connections and impair dexterity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Pal
- Department of Orthopedics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - HongGeun Park
- Department of Orthopedics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aditya Ramamurthy
- Department of Orthopedics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ahmet S Asan
- Department of Orthopedics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thelma Bethea
- Department of Orthopedics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Meenu Johnkutty
- Department of Orthopedics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jason B Carmel
- Department of Orthopedics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Gouveia D, Cardoso A, Carvalho C, Almeida A, Gamboa Ó, Ferreira A, Martins Â. Approach to Small Animal Neurorehabilitation by Locomotor Training: An Update. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243582. [PMID: 36552502 PMCID: PMC9774773 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurorehabilitation has a wide range of therapies to achieve neural regeneration, reorganization, and repair (e.g., axon regeneration, remyelination, and restoration of spinal circuits and networks) to achieve ambulation for dogs and cats, especially for grade 1 (modified Frankel scale) with signs of spinal shock or grade 0 (deep pain negative), similar to humans classified with ASIA A lesions. This review aims to explain what locomotor training is, its importance, its feasibility within a clinical setting, and some possible protocols for motor recovery, achieving ambulation with coordinated and modulated movements. In addition, it cites some of the primary key points that must be present in the daily lives of veterinarians or rehabilitation nurses. These can be the guidelines to improve this exciting exercise necessary to achieve ambulation with quality of life. However, more research is essential in the future years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Gouveia
- Arrábida Veterinary Hospital—Arrábida Animal Rehabilitation Center, 2925-538 Setubal, Portugal
- Superior School of Health, Protection and Animal Welfare, Polytechnic Institute of Lusophony, Campo Grande, 1950-396 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Cardoso
- Arrábida Veterinary Hospital—Arrábida Animal Rehabilitation Center, 2925-538 Setubal, Portugal
| | - Carla Carvalho
- Arrábida Veterinary Hospital—Arrábida Animal Rehabilitation Center, 2925-538 Setubal, Portugal
| | - António Almeida
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Óscar Gamboa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Ferreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- CIISA—Centro Interdisciplinar-Investigaçāo em Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Universi dade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ângela Martins
- Arrábida Veterinary Hospital—Arrábida Animal Rehabilitation Center, 2925-538 Setubal, Portugal
- Superior School of Health, Protection and Animal Welfare, Polytechnic Institute of Lusophony, Campo Grande, 1950-396 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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40
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Sun SY, Giszter SF, Harkema SJ, Angeli CA. Modular organization of locomotor networks in people with severe spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1041015. [PMID: 36570830 PMCID: PMC9768556 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1041015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies support modular organization of locomotor circuitry contributing to the activation of muscles in a spatially and temporally organized manner during locomotion. Human spinal circuitry may reorganize after spinal cord injury; however, it is unclear if reorganization of spinal circuitry post-injury affects the modular organization. Here we characterize the modular synergy organization of locomotor muscle activity expressed during assisted stepping in subjects with complete and incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) of varying chronicity, before any explicit training regimen. We also investigated whether the synergy characteristics changed in two subjects who achieved independent walking after training with spinal cord epidural stimulation. Methods To capture synergy structures during stepping, individuals with SCI were stepped on a body-weight supported treadmill with manual facilitation, while electromyography (EMGs) were recorded from bilateral leg muscles. EMGs were analyzed using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and independent component analysis (ICA) to identify synergy patterns. Synergy patterns from the SCI subjects were compared across different clinical characteristics and to non-disabled subjects (NDs). Results Results for both NMF and ICA indicated that the subjects with SCI were similar among themselves, but expressed a greater variability in the number of synergies for criterion variance capture compared to NDs, and weaker correlation to NDs. ICA yielded a greater number of muscle synergies than NMF. Further, the clinical characteristics of SCI subjects and chronicity did not predict any significant differences in the spatial synergy structures despite any neuroplastic changes. Further, post-training synergies did not become closer to ND synergies in two individuals. Discussion These findings suggest fundamental differences between motor modules expressed in SCIs and NDs, as well as a striking level of spatial and temporal synergy stability in motor modules in the SCI population, absent the application of specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Sun
- Department of Physical Therapy, Alvernia University, Reading, PA, United States
| | - Simon F. Giszter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susan J. Harkema
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States,Frazier Rehab Institute, University of Louisville Health, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Claudia A. Angeli
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States,Frazier Rehab Institute, University of Louisville Health, Louisville, KY, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States,*Correspondence: Claudia A. Angeli,
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Anderson MA, Squair JW, Gautier M, Hutson TH, Kathe C, Barraud Q, Bloch J, Courtine G. Natural and targeted circuit reorganization after spinal cord injury. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1584-1596. [PMID: 36396975 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury disrupts communication between the brain and the circuits in the spinal cord that regulate neurological functions. The consequences are permanent paralysis, loss of sensation and debilitating dysautonomia. However, the majority of circuits located above and below the injury remain anatomically intact, and these circuits can reorganize naturally to improve function. In addition, various neuromodulation therapies have tapped into these processes to further augment recovery. Emerging research is illuminating the requirements to reconstitute damaged circuits. Here, we summarize these natural and targeted reorganizations of circuits after a spinal cord injury. We also advocate for new concepts of reorganizing circuits informed by multi-omic single-cell atlases of recovery from injury. These atlases will uncover the molecular logic that governs the selection of 'recovery-organizing' neuronal subpopulations, and are poised to herald a new era in spinal cord medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Anderson
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jordan W Squair
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Gautier
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas H Hutson
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kathe
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Barraud
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Kathe C, Skinnider MA, Hutson TH, Regazzi N, Gautier M, Demesmaeker R, Komi S, Ceto S, James ND, Cho N, Baud L, Galan K, Matson KJE, Rowald A, Kim K, Wang R, Minassian K, Prior JO, Asboth L, Barraud Q, Lacour SP, Levine AJ, Wagner F, Bloch J, Squair JW, Courtine G. The neurons that restore walking after paralysis. Nature 2022; 611:540-547. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA spinal cord injury interrupts pathways from the brain and brainstem that project to the lumbar spinal cord, leading to paralysis. Here we show that spatiotemporal epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the lumbar spinal cord1–3 applied during neurorehabilitation4,5 (EESREHAB) restored walking in nine individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. This recovery involved a reduction in neuronal activity in the lumbar spinal cord of humans during walking. We hypothesized that this unexpected reduction reflects activity-dependent selection of specific neuronal subpopulations that become essential for a patient to walk after spinal cord injury. To identify these putative neurons, we modelled the technological and therapeutic features underlying EESREHAB in mice. We applied single-nucleus RNA sequencing6–9 and spatial transcriptomics10,11 to the spinal cords of these mice to chart a spatially resolved molecular atlas of recovery from paralysis. We then employed cell type12,13 and spatial prioritization to identify the neurons involved in the recovery of walking. A single population of excitatory interneurons nested within intermediate laminae emerged. Although these neurons are not required for walking before spinal cord injury, we demonstrate that they are essential for the recovery of walking with EES following spinal cord injury. Augmenting the activity of these neurons phenocopied the recovery of walking enabled by EESREHAB, whereas ablating them prevented the recovery of walking that occurs spontaneously after moderate spinal cord injury. We thus identified a recovery-organizing neuronal subpopulation that is necessary and sufficient to regain walking after paralysis. Moreover, our methodology establishes a framework for using molecular cartography to identify the neurons that produce complex behaviours.
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Huang CX, Wang Z, Cheng J, Zhu Z, Guan NN, Song J. De novo establishment of circuit modules restores locomotion after spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Behboodi A, Lee WA, Hinchberger VS, Damiano DL. Determining optimal mobile neurofeedback methods for motor neurorehabilitation in children and adults with non-progressive neurological disorders: a scoping review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2022; 19:104. [PMID: 36171602 PMCID: PMC9516814 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-022-01081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain–computer interfaces (BCI), initially designed to bypass the peripheral motor system to externally control movement using brain signals, are additionally being utilized for motor rehabilitation in stroke and other neurological disorders. Also called neurofeedback training, multiple approaches have been developed to link motor-related cortical signals to assistive robotic or electrical stimulation devices during active motor training with variable, but mostly positive, functional outcomes reported. Our specific research question for this scoping review was: for persons with non-progressive neurological injuries who have the potential to improve voluntary motor control, which mobile BCI-based neurofeedback methods demonstrate or are associated with improved motor outcomes for Neurorehabilitation applications? Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases with all steps from study selection to data extraction performed independently by at least 2 individuals. Search terms included: brain machine or computer interfaces, neurofeedback and motor; however, only studies requiring a motor attempt, versus motor imagery, were retained. Data extraction included participant characteristics, study design details and motor outcomes. Results From 5109 papers, 139 full texts were reviewed with 23 unique studies identified. All utilized EEG and, except for one, were on the stroke population. The most commonly reported functional outcomes were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA; n = 13) and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT; n = 6) which were then utilized to assess effectiveness, evaluate design features, and correlate with training doses. Statistically and functionally significant pre-to post training changes were seen in FMA, but not ARAT. Results did not differ between robotic and electrical stimulation feedback paradigms. Notably, FMA outcomes were positively correlated with training dose. Conclusion This review on BCI-based neurofeedback training confirms previous findings of effectiveness in improving motor outcomes with some evidence of enhanced neuroplasticity in adults with stroke. Associative learning paradigms have emerged more recently which may be particularly feasible and effective methods for Neurorehabilitation. More clinical trials in pediatric and adult neurorehabilitation to refine methods and doses and to compare to other evidence-based training strategies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Behboodi
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Walker A Lee
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Diane L Damiano
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Spinal Cord Circuits: Models and Reality. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-022-09927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gao Z, Pang Z, Lei G, Chen Y, Cai Z, Zhu S, Lin W, Qiu Z, Wang Y, Shen Y, Xu W. Crossing nerve transfer drives sensory input-dependent plasticity for motor recovery after brain injury. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5899. [PMID: 36044580 PMCID: PMC9432844 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Restoring limb movements after central nervous system injury remains a substantial challenge. Recent studies proved that crossing nerve transfer surgery could rebuild physiological connectivity between the contralesional cortex and the paralyzed arm to compensate for the lost function after brain injury. However, the neural mechanism by which this surgery mediates motor recovery remains still unclear. Here, using a clinical mouse model, we showed that this surgery can restore skilled forelimb function in adult mice with unilateral cortical lesion by inducing cortical remapping and promoting corticospinal tract sprouting. After reestablishing the ipsilateral descending pathway, resecting of the artificially rebuilt peripheral nerve did not affect motor improvements. Furthermore, retaining the sensory afferent, but not the motor efferent, of the transferred nerve was sufficient for inducing brain remapping and facilitating motor restoration. Thus, our results demonstrate that surgically rebuilt sensory input triggers neural plasticity for accelerating motor recovery, which provides an approach for treating central nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrun Gao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Pang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaowei Lei
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weishan Lin
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizheng Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yundong Shen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing‘an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing‘an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226000 Nantong, China
- Research Unit of Synergistic Reconstruction of Upper and Lower Limbs After Brain Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Eisdorfer JT, Sobotka-Briner H, Schramfield S, Moukarzel G, Chen J, Campion TJ, Smit R, Rauscher BC, Lemay MA, Smith GM, Spence AJ. Chemogenetic modulation of sensory afferents induces locomotor changes and plasticity after spinal cord injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:872634. [PMID: 36090254 PMCID: PMC9461563 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.872634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulatory therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI) such as electrical epidural stimulation (EES) are increasingly effective at improving patient outcomes. These improvements are thought to be due, at least in part, to plasticity in neuronal circuits. Precisely which circuits are influenced and which afferent classes are most effective in stimulating change remain important open questions. Genetic tools, such as Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), support targeted and reversible neuromodulation as well as histological characterization of manipulated neurons. We therefore transduced and activated lumbar large diameter peripheral afferents with excitatory (hM3Dq) DREADDs, in a manner analogous to EES, in a rat hemisection model, to begin to trace plasticity and observe concomitant locomotor changes. Chronic DREADDs activation, coupled with thrice weekly treadmill training, was observed to increase afferent fluorescent labeling within motor pools and Clarke's column when compared to control animals. This plasticity may underlie kinematic differences that we observed across stages of recovery, including an increased and less variable hindquarters height in DREADDs animals, shorter step durations, a more flexed ankle joint early in recovery, a less variable ankle joint angle in swing phase, but a more variable hip joint angle. Withdrawal of DREADDs agonist, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) left these kinematic differences largely unaffected; suggesting that DREADDs activation is not necessary for them later in recovery. However, we observed an intermittent “buckling” phenomenon in DREADDs animals without CNO activation, that did not occur with CNO re-administration. Future studies could use more refined genetic targeted of specific afferent classes, and utilize muscle recordings to find where afferent modulation is most influential in altering motor output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn T. Eisdorfer
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Hannah Sobotka-Briner
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susan Schramfield
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - George Moukarzel
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas J. Campion
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rupert Smit
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bradley C. Rauscher
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michel A. Lemay
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - George M. Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew J. Spence
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrew J. Spence
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Samejima S, Henderson R, Pradarelli J, Mondello SE, Moritz CT. Activity-dependent plasticity and spinal cord stimulation for motor recovery following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114178. [PMID: 35878817 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries lead to permanent physical impairment despite most often being anatomically incomplete disruptions of the spinal cord. Remaining connections between the brain and spinal cord create the potential for inducing neural plasticity to improve sensorimotor function, even many years after injury. This narrative review provides an overview of the current evidence for spontaneous motor recovery, activity-dependent plasticity, and interventions for restoring motor control to residual brain and spinal cord networks via spinal cord stimulation. In addition to open-loop spinal cord stimulation to promote long-term neuroplasticity, we also review a more targeted approach: closed-loop stimulation. Lastly, we review mechanisms of spinal cord neuromodulation to promote sensorimotor recovery, with the goal of advancing the field of rehabilitation for physical impairments following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Samejima
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard Henderson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jared Pradarelli
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah E Mondello
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chet T Moritz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Neurotechnology, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Ran N, Li W, Zhang R, Lin C, Zhang J, Wei Z, Li Z, Yuan Z, Wang M, Fan B, Shen W, Li X, Zhou H, Yao X, Kong X, Feng S. Autologous exosome facilitates load and target delivery of bioactive peptides to repair spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2022; 25:766-782. [PMID: 37056263 PMCID: PMC10086682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes motor, sensory and automatic impairment due to rarely axon regeneration. Developing effective treatment for SCI in the clinic is extremely challenging because of the restrictive axonal regenerative ability and disconnection of neural elements after injury, as well as the limited systemic drug delivery efficiency caused by blood spinal cord barrier. To develop an effective non-invasive treatment strategy for SCI in clinic, we generated an autologous plasma exosome (AP-EXO) based biological scaffold where AP-EXO was loaded with neuron targeting peptide (RVG) and growth-facilitating peptides (ILP and ISP). This scaffold can be targeted delivered to neurons in the injured area and elicit robust axon regrowth across the lesion core to the levels over 30-fold greater than naïve treatment, thus reestablish the intraspinal circuits and promote motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. More importantly, in ex vivo, human plasma exosomes (HP-EXO) loaded with combinatory peptides of RVG, ILP and ISP showed safety and no liver and kidney toxicity in the application to nude SCI mice. Combining the efficacy and safety, the AP-EXO-based personalized treatment confers functional recovery after SCI and showed immense promising in biomedical applications in treating SCI. It is helpful to expand the application of combinatory peptides and human plasma derived autologous exosomes in promoting regeneration and recovery upon SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ran
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Renjie Zhang
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Caorui Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zonghao Li
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongze Yuan
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoyou Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Corresponding author. Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Corresponding author. Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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50
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Kondo T, Saito R, Sato Y, Sato K, Uchida A, Yoshino-Saito K, Shinozaki M, Tashiro S, Nagoshi N, Nakamura M, Ushiba J, Okano H. Treadmill Training for Common Marmoset to Strengthen Corticospinal Connections After Thoracic Contusion Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:858562. [PMID: 35530175 PMCID: PMC9074843 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.858562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to locomotor dysfunction. Locomotor rehabilitation promotes the recovery of stepping ability in lower mammals, but it has limited efficacy in humans with a severe SCI. To explain this discrepancy between different species, a nonhuman primate rehabilitation model with a severe SCI would be useful. In this study, we developed a rehabilitation model of paraplegia caused by a severe traumatic SCI in a nonhuman primate, common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). The locomotor rating scale for marmosets was developed to accurately assess the recovery of locomotor functions in marmosets. All animals showed flaccid paralysis of the hindlimb after a thoracic contusive SCI, but the trained group showed significant locomotor recovery. Kinematic analysis revealed significantly improved hindlimb stepping patterns in trained marmosets. Furthermore, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the motor cortex evoked the hindlimb muscles in the trained group, suggesting the reconnection between supraspinal input and the lumbosacral network. Because rehabilitation may be combined with regenerative interventions such as medicine or cell therapy, this primate model can be used as a preclinical test of therapies that can be used in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kondo
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenta Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akito Uchida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syoichi Tashiro
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Ushiba
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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