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Miranda Furtado CL, Hansen M, Kogure GS, Ribeiro VB, Taylor N, Racy Soares M, Ferriani RA, Aston KI, Jenkins T, dos Reis RM. Resistance and aerobic training increases genome-wide DNA methylation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2305082. [PMID: 38245873 PMCID: PMC10802204 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2305082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a first-line treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Resistance or aerobic exercise improves metabolic complications, reproductive outcomes, and quality of life in PCOS. DNA methylation reprogramming during exercise may be the major modifier behind these changes. We sought to evaluate genome-wide DNA methylation changes after supervised resistance and aerobic exercise in women with PCOS. Exercises were performed in 56 women with PCOS (resistance, n = 30; aerobic, n = 26), for 16 weeks (wks), three times per week, in 50-minute to one-hour sessions. Anthropometric indices and hormonal and metabolic parameters were measured before and after training. Genome-wide leukocyte DNA methylation was analysed by Infinium Human MethylationEPIC 850K BeadChip microarrays (Illumina). Both resistance and aerobic exercise improved anthropometric indices, metabolic dysfunction, and hyperandrogenism in PCOS after the training programme, but no differences were observed between the two exercises. Resistance and aerobic exercise increased genome-wide DNA methylation, although resistance changed every category in the CpG island context (islands, shores, shelve, and open sea), whereas aerobic exercise altered CpG shores and the open sea. Using a stringent FDR (>40), 6 significantly differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were observed in the resistance exercise cohort and 14 DRMs in the aerobic cohort, all of which were hypermethylated. The increase in genome-wide DNA methylation may be related to the metabolic and hormonal changes observed in PCOS after resistance and aerobic exercise. Since the mammalian genome is hypermethylated globally to prevent genomic instability and ageing, resistance and aerobic exercise may promote health and longevity through environmentally induced epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Experimental Biology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Megan Hansen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Gislaine Satyko Kogure
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Victor Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Nathanael Taylor
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Murilo Racy Soares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Kenneth Ivan Aston
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Timothy Jenkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rosana Maria dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Furrer R, Handschin C. Molecular aspects of the exercise response and training adaptation in skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:53-68. [PMID: 39059515 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plasticity enables an enormous potential to adapt to various internal and external stimuli and perturbations. Most notably, changes in contractile activity evoke a massive remodeling of biochemical, metabolic and force-generating properties. In recent years, a large number of signals, sensors, regulators and effectors have been implicated in these adaptive processes. Nevertheless, our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of training adaptation remains rudimentary. Specifically, the mechanisms that underlie signal integration, output coordination, functional redundancy and other complex traits of muscle adaptation are unknown. In fact, it is even unclear how stimulus-dependent specification is brought about in endurance or resistance exercise. In this review, we will provide an overview on the events that describe the acute perturbations in single endurance and resistance exercise bouts. Furthermore, we will provide insights into the molecular principles of long-term training adaptation. Finally, current gaps in knowledge will be identified, and strategies for a multi-omic and -cellular analyses of the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle plasticity that are engaged in individual, acute exercise bouts and chronic training adaptation discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regula Furrer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Handschin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Jin X, Hong S, Tian H. Exerkines: Benign adaptation for exercise and benefits for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 726:150305. [PMID: 38917635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Exercise has multiple beneficial effects on human metabolic health and is regarded as a "polypill" for various diseases. At present, the lack of physical activity usually causes an epidemic of chronic metabolic syndromes, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Remarkably, NAFLD is emerging as a serious public health issue and is associated with the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Unfortunately, specific drug therapies for NAFLD and its more severe form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are currently unavailable. Lifestyle modification is the foundation of treatment recommendations for NAFLD and NASH, especially for exercise. There are under-appreciated organs that crosstalk to the liver during exercise such as muscle-liver crosstalk. Previous studies have reported that certain exerkines, such as FGF21, GDF15, irisin, and adiponectin, are beneficial for liver metabolism and have the potential to be targeted for NAFLD treatment. In addition, some of exerkines can be modified for the new proteins and get enhanced functions, like IL-6/IC7Fc. Another importance of exercise is the physiological adaptation that combats metabolic diseases. Thus, this review aims to summarize the known exerkines and utilize a multi-omics mining tool to identify more exerkines for the future research. Overall, understanding the mechanisms by which exercise-induced exerkines exert their beneficial effects on metabolic health holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Yong Ding Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Xingsheng Jin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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4
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Dun Y, Zhang W, Du Y, Xie K, Liu Y, Li C, Qiu L, Fu S, Olson TP, Long Y, You B, Liu S. High-Intensity Interval Training Mitigates Sarcopenia and Suppresses the Myoblast Senescence Regulator EEF1E1. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 39276001 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal exercise regimen for alleviating sarcopenia remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) over moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in ameliorating sarcopenia. METHODS We conducted a randomized crossover trial to evaluate plasma proteomic reactions to acute HIIT (four 4-min high-intensity intervals at 70% maximal capacity alternating with 4 min at 30%) versus MICT (constant 50% maximal capacity) in inactive adults. We explored the relationship between a HIIT-specific protein relative to MICT, identified via comparative proteomic analysis, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 epsilon 1 (EEF1E1) and sarcopenia in a paired case-control study of elderly individuals (aged over 65). Young (3 months old) and aged (20 months old) mice were randomized to sedentary, HIIT and MICT groups (five sessions/week for 4 weeks; n = 8 for each group). Measurements included skeletal muscle index, hand grip strength, expression of atrophic markers Atrogin1 and MuRF1 and differentiation markers MyoD, myogenin and MyHC-II via western blotting. We examined the impact of EEF1E1 siRNA and recombinant protein on D-galactose-induced myoblast senescence, measuring senescence-associated β-galactosidase and markers like p21 and p53. RESULTS The crossover trial, including 10 sedentary adults (32 years old, IQR 31-32) demonstrated significant alterations in the abundance of 21 plasma proteins after HIIT compared with MICT. In the paired case-control study of 84 older adults (84 years old, IQR 69-81; 52% female), EEF1E1 was significantly increased in those with sarcopenia compared to those without (14.68 [95%CI, 2.02-27.34] pg/mL, p = 0.03) and was associated with skeletal muscle index (R2 = 0.51, p < 0.001) and hand grip strength (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.001). In the preclinical study, aged mice exhibited higher EEF1E1 mRNA and protein levels in skeletal muscle compared to young mice, accompanied by a lower muscle mass and strength, increased cellular senescence and protein degradation markers and reduced muscle differentiation efficiency (all p < 0.05). HIIT reduced EEF1E1 expression and mitigated age-related muscle decline and atrophy in aged mice more effectively than MICT. Notably, EEF1E1 downregulation via siRNA significantly counteracted D-galactose-induced myoblast senescence as evidenced by reduced markers of muscle protein degradation and improved muscle differentiation efficiency (all p < 0.05). Conversely, treatments that increased EEF1E1 levels accelerated the senescence process (p < 0.05). Further exploration indicated that the decrease in EEF1E1 was associated with increased SIRT1 level and enhanced autophagy. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of HIIT as a promising approach to prevent and treat sarcopenia while also highlighting EEF1E1 as a potential intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoshan Dun
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Du
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kangling Xie
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cui Li
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqian Fu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Thomas P Olson
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuqiong Long
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baiyang You
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ahn C, Zhang T, Yang G, Rode T, Varshney P, Ghayur SJ, Chugh OK, Jiang H, Horowitz JF. Years of endurance exercise training remodel abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in adults with overweight or obesity. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01103-x. [PMID: 39256590 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the structure and metabolic function of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) underlie many obesity-related health complications. Endurance exercise improves cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight or obesity, but the effects of endurance training on aSAT are unclear. We included male and female participants who were regular exercisers with overweight or obesity who exercised for >2 years, and cross-sectionally compared them with well-matched non-exercisers with overweight or obesity. Here we show aSAT from exercisers has a higher capillary density, lower Col6a abundance and fewer macrophages compared with non-exercisers. This is accompanied by a greater abundance of angiogenic, ribosomal, mitochondrial and lipogenic proteins. The abundance of phosphoproteins involved in protein translation, lipogenesis and direct regulation of transcripts is also greater in aSAT collected from exercisers. Exploratory ex vivo experiments demonstrate greater angiogenic capacity and higher lipid-storage capacity in samples cultured from aSAT collected from exercisers versus non-exercisers. Regular exercise may play a role in remodelling aSAT structure and proteomic profile in ways that may contribute to preserved cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheehoon Ahn
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gayoung Yang
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Rode
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pallavi Varshney
- Human Bioenergetics Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sophia J Ghayur
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olivia K Chugh
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Horowitz
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Reisman EG, Botella J, Huang C, Schittenhelm RB, Stroud DA, Granata C, Chandrasiri OS, Ramm G, Oorschot V, Caruana NJ, Bishop DJ. Fibre-specific mitochondrial protein abundance is linked to resting and post-training mitochondrial content in the muscle of men. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7677. [PMID: 39227581 PMCID: PMC11371815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Analyses of mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle have mostly used whole-muscle samples, where results may be confounded by the presence of a mixture of type I and II muscle fibres. Using our adapted mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflow, we provide insights into fibre-specific mitochondrial differences in the human skeletal muscle of men before and after training. Our findings challenge previous conclusions regarding the extent of fibre-type-specific remodelling of the mitochondrial proteome and suggest that most baseline differences in mitochondrial protein abundances between fibre types reported by us, and others, might be due to differences in total mitochondrial content or a consequence of adaptations to habitual physical activity (or inactivity). Most training-induced changes in different mitochondrial functional groups, in both fibre types, were no longer significant in our study when normalised to changes in markers of mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Reisman
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Javier Botella
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesare Granata
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German, Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Owala S Chandrasiri
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo EM, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo EM, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikeisha J Caruana
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Vanderboom PM, Chawla Y, Dasari S, Kapoor I, Kumar SK, Nair KS, Gonsalves WI. Differences in the proteome within extracellular vesicles between premalignant and malignant plasma cell disorders. Eur J Haematol 2024; 113:351-356. [PMID: 38804098 PMCID: PMC11296916 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precursor plasma cell disorders such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) always precede the development of active malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM). There is a need for novel biomarkers to identify those patients with such precursor plasma cell disorders who rapidly progress to MM. Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may serve as a reservoir of potential biomarkers that can shed light on the pathogenesis and disease biology of MM. METHODS This study isolated small EVs (SEVs) and large EVs (LEVs) from the platelet-poor peripheral blood plasma of MGUS (n = 9) and MM (n = 12) patients using the size exclusion chromatography-based method and evaluated their proteome using a label-free proteomics workflow. RESULTS In total, 2055 proteins were identified in SEVs, while 2794 proteins were identified in LEVs. The transferrin receptor (or CD71) protein was upregulated in both populations of EVs derived from MM patients compared to MGUS patients and was of prognostic significance. Similarly, three isoforms of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein, SAA1, SAA2, and SAA4, were also highly upregulated in SEVs within MM patients relative to MGUS patients. Finally, CD40 expression was also higher in the LEVs derived from MM patients than in MGUS patients. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of successfully isolating both SEVs and LEVs from the peripheral blood of patients with plasma cell disorders and quantifying protein biomarkers within these EVs that could be of prognostic and diagnostic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Vanderboom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Isha Kapoor
- Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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8
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Qiao YS, Blackwell TL, Cawthon PM, Coen PM, Cummings SR, Distefano G, Farsijani S, Forman DE, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, Mau T, Toledo FGS, Newman AB, Glynn NW. Associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle energetics: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:621-630. [PMID: 38341136 PMCID: PMC11282341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle energetics decline with age, and physical activity (PA) has been shown to offset these declines in older adults. Yet, many studies reporting these effects were based on self-reported PA or structured exercise interventions. Therefore, we examined the associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported PA and sedentary behavior (SB) with skeletal muscle energetics and explored the extent to which PA and sedentary behavior would attenuate the associations of age with muscle energetics. METHODS As part of the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging, enrolled older adults (n = 879), 810 (age = 76.4 ± 5.0 years old, mean ± SD; 58% women) had maximal muscle oxidative capacity measured ex vivo via high-resolution respirometry of permeabilized myofibers (maximal oxidative phosphorylation (maxOXPHOS)) and in vivo by 31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (maximal adenosine triphosphate (ATPmax)). Accelerometry-measured sedentary behavior, light activity, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were assessed using a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X over 7 days. Self-reported sedentary behavior, MVPA, and all PA were assessed with the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire. Linear regression models with progressive covariate adjustments evaluated the associations of sedentary behavior and PA with muscle energetics, as well as the attenuation of the age/muscle energetics association by MVPA and sedentary behavior. As a sensitivity analysis, we also examined activPAL-measured daily step count and time spent in sedentary behavior and their associations with muscle energetics. RESULTS Every 30 min/day more of ActiGraph-measured MVPA was associated with 0.65 pmol/(s × mg) higher maxOXPHOS and 0.012 mM/s higher ATPmax after adjusting for age, site/technician, and sex (p < 0.05). Light activity was not associated with maxOXPHOS or ATPmax. Meanwhile, every 30 min/day spent in ActiGraph-measured sedentary behavior was associated with 0.39 pmol/s × mg lower maxOXPHOS and 0.006 mM/s lower ATPmax (p < 0.05). Only associations with ATPmax held after further adjusting for socioeconomic status, body mass index, lifestyle factors, and multimorbidity. CHAMPS MVPA and all PA yielded similar associations with maxOXPHOS and ATPmax (p < 0.05), but sedentary behavior did not. Higher activPAL step count was associated with higher maxOXHPOS and ATPmax (p < 0.05), but time spent in sedentary behavior was not. Additionally, age was significantly associated with muscle energetics for men only (p < 0.05); adjusting for time spent in ActiGraph-measured MVPA attenuated the age association with ATPmax by 58% in men. CONCLUSION More time spent in accelerometry-measured or self-reported daily PA, especially MVPA, was associated with higher skeletal muscle energetics. Interventions aimed specifically at increasing higher intensity activity might offer potential therapeutic interventions to slow age-related decline in muscle energetics. Our work also emphasizes the importance of taking PA into consideration when evaluating associations related to skeletal muscle energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Susanna Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Terri L Blackwell
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Samaneh Farsijani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics and Cardiology), University of Pittsburgh; and Geriatrics, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Theresa Mau
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Frederico G S Toledo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Tarum J, Ball G, Gustafsson T, Altun M, Santos L. Artificial neural network inference analysis identified novel genes and gene interactions associated with skeletal muscle aging. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 39210538 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle disease that increases the risk of falls, disabilities, and death. It is associated with increased muscle protein degradation driven by molecular signalling pathways including Akt and FOXO1. This study aims to identify genes, gene interactions, and molecular pathways and processes associated with muscle aging and exercise in older adults that remained undiscovered until now leveraging on an artificial intelligence approach called artificial neural network inference (ANNi). METHODS Four datasets reporting the profile of muscle transcriptome obtained by RNA-seq of young (21-43 years) and older adults (63-79 years) were selected and retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data repository. Two datasets contained the transcriptome profiles associated to muscle aging and two the transcriptome linked to resistant exercise in older adults, the latter before and after 6 months of exercise training. Each dataset was individually analysed by ANNi based on a swarm neural network approach integrated into a deep learning model (Intelligent Omics). This allowed us to identify top 200 genes influencing (drivers) or being influenced (targets) by aging or exercise and the strongest interactions between such genes. Downstream gene ontology (GO) analysis of these 200 genes was performed using Metacore (Clarivate™) and the open-source software, Metascape. To confirm the differential expression of the genes showing the strongest interactions, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed on human muscle biopsies obtained from eight young (25 ± 4 years) and eight older men (78 ± 7.6 years), partaking in a 6-month resistance exercise training programme. RESULTS CHAD, ZDBF2, USP54, and JAK2 were identified as the genes with the strongest interactions predicting aging, while SCFD1, KDM5D, EIF4A2, and NIPAL3 were the main interacting genes associated with long-term exercise in older adults. RT-qPCR confirmed significant upregulation of USP54 (P = 0.005), CHAD (P = 0.03), and ZDBF2 (P = 0.008) in the aging muscle, while exercise-related genes were not differentially expressed (EIF4A2 P = 0.99, NIPAL3 P = 0.94, SCFD1 P = 0.94, and KDM5D P = 0.64). GO analysis related to skeletal muscle aging suggests enrichment of pathways linked to bone development (adj P-value 0.006), immune response (adj P-value <0.001), and apoptosis (adj P-value 0.01). In older exercising adults, these were ECM remodelling (adj P-value <0.001), protein folding (adj P-value <0.001), and proteolysis (adj P-value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Using ANNi and RT-qPCR, we identified three strongly interacting genes predicting muscle aging, ZDBF2, USP54, and CHAD. These findings can help to inform the design of nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions that prevent or mitigate sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Tarum
- Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre (SHAPE), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Graham Ball
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, UK
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Altun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lívia Santos
- Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre (SHAPE), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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10
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Guo M, Shen F, Guo X, Zhang J, Ma Y, Wu X, Zuo H, Yao J, Hu Y, Wang D, Li Y, Li J, Qiu J, Yu J, Meng M, Zheng Y, Chen X, Gong M, Liu K, Jin L, Ren X, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Gu X, Shen F, Li D, Gao L, Liu C, Zhou F, Li M, Wang J, Ding S, Ma X, Lu J, Xie C, Xiao J, Xu L. BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis impacts distinct outcomes of time-of-day resistance exercise. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024:100968. [PMID: 39187065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive. METHODS Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin. Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5/irisin), we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase (high FNDC5/irisin level) or late rest phase (low FNDC5/irisin level) to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle. RESULTS In this study, we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans, including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics. We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity. Consistent with human data, compared to late rest phase (low irisin level), mice trained chronically at late active phase (high irisin level) gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet, whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice. Mechanistically, Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1) and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha 4 (PGC1α4) induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity, and the signaling is transduced via αV integrin in muscle. CONCLUSION Together, our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hui Zuo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meiyao Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingkai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kailin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiangyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Feixia Shen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liangcai Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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11
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Makhnovskii PA, Kukushkina IV, Kurochkina NS, Popov DV. Knockout of Hsp70 genes significantly affects locomotion speed and gene expression in leg skeletal muscles of Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:567-575. [PMID: 38881428 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00143.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The functions of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) genes were studied using a line of Drosophila melanogaster with a knockout of 6 of these genes out of 13. Namely, the effect of knockout of Hsp70 genes on negative geotaxis climbing (locomotor) speed and the ability to adapt to climbing training (0.5-1.5 h/day, 7 days/wk, 19 days) were examined. Seven- and 23-day-old Hsp70- flies demonstrated a comparable reduction (twofold) in locomotor speed and widespread changes in leg skeletal muscle transcriptome (RNA sequencing) compared with w1118 flies. To identify the functions of genes related to decreased locomotor speed, the overlapped differentially expressed genes at both time points were analyzed: the upregulated genes encoded extracellular proteins, regulators of drug metabolism, and the antioxidant response, whereas downregulated genes encoded regulators of carbohydrate metabolism and transmembrane proteins. In addition, in Hsp70- flies, activation of transcription factors related to disruption of the fibril structure and heat shock response (Hsf) was predicted, using the position weight matrix approach. In control flies, adaptation to chronic exercise training was associated mainly with gene response to a single exercise bout, whereas the predicted transcription factors were related to stress/immune (Hsf, NF-κB, etc.) and early gene response. In contrast, Hsp70- flies demonstrated no adaptation to training as well as a significantly impaired gene response to a single exercise bout. In conclusion, the knockout of Hsp70 genes not only reduced physical performance but also disrupted adaptation to chronic physical training, which is associated with changes in the leg skeletal muscle transcriptome and impaired gene response to a single exercise bout.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Knockout of six heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) genes in Drosophila melanogaster reduced locomotion (climbing) speed that is associated with genotype-specific differences in leg skeletal muscle gene expression. Disrupted adaptation of Hsp70- flies to chronic exercise training is associated with impaired gene response to a single exercise bout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Makhnovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Kukushkina
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadia S Kurochkina
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil V Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Jeong I, Cho EJ, Yook JS, Choi Y, Park DH, Kang JH, Lee SH, Seo DY, Jung SJ, Kwak HB. Mitochondrial Adaptations in Aging Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Resistance Exercise Training to Treat Sarcopenia. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:962. [PMID: 39202704 PMCID: PMC11355854 DOI: 10.3390/life14080962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and function, poses a significant health challenge as the global population ages. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in sarcopenia, as evidenced by the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, as well as mitophagy. Resistance exercise training (RET) is a well-established intervention for sarcopenia; however, its effects on the mitochondria in aging skeletal muscles remain unclear. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and sarcopenia, with a specific focus on the implications of RET. Although aerobic exercise training (AET) has traditionally been viewed as more effective for mitochondrial enhancement, emerging evidence suggests that RET may also confer beneficial effects. Here, we highlight the potential of RET to modulate mtROS, drive mitochondrial biogenesis, optimize mitochondrial dynamics, and promote mitophagy in aging skeletal muscles. Understanding this interplay offers insights for combating sarcopenia and preserving skeletal muscle health in aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyoung Jeong
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (E.-J.C.); (D.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Eun-Jeong Cho
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (E.-J.C.); (D.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jang-Soo Yook
- Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.Y.); (Y.C.)
| | - Youngju Choi
- Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Specialized Teaching and Research, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (E.-J.C.); (D.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.)
- Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (E.-J.C.); (D.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.)
- Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hun Lee
- Combat Institute of Australia, Leederville, WA 6007, Australia;
| | - Dae-Yun Seo
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Core Research Support Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeen Jung
- Department of Leisure Sports, Seoil University, Seoul 02192, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (E.-J.C.); (D.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.)
- Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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13
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Chambers TL, Dimet-Wiley A, Keeble AR, Haghani A, Lo WJ, Kang G, Brooke R, Horvath S, Fry CS, Watowich SJ, Wen Y, Murach KA. Methylome-proteome integration after late-life voluntary exercise training reveals regulation and target information for improved skeletal muscle health. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39058663 DOI: 10.1113/jp286681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a potent stimulus for combatting skeletal muscle ageing. To study the effects of exercise on muscle in a preclinical setting, we developed a combined endurance-resistance training stimulus for mice called progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR). PoWeR improves molecular, biochemical, cellular and functional characteristics of skeletal muscle and promotes aspects of partial epigenetic reprogramming when performed late in life (22-24 months of age). In this investigation, we leveraged pan-mammalian DNA methylome arrays and tandem mass-spectrometry proteomics in skeletal muscle to provide detailed information on late-life PoWeR adaptations in female mice relative to age-matched sedentary controls (n = 7-10 per group). Differential CpG methylation at conserved promoter sites was related to transcriptional regulation genes as well as Nr4a3, Hes1 and Hox genes after PoWeR. Using a holistic method of -omics integration called binding and expression target analysis (BETA), methylome changes were associated with upregulated proteins related to global and mitochondrial translation after PoWeR (P = 0.03). Specifically, BETA implicated methylation control of ribosomal, mitoribosomal, and mitochondrial complex I protein abundance after training. DNA methylation may also influence LACTB, MIB1 and UBR4 protein induction with exercise - all are mechanistically linked to muscle health. Computational cistrome analysis predicted several transcription factors including MYC as regulators of the exercise trained methylome-proteome landscape, corroborating prior late-life PoWeR transcriptome data. Correlating the proteome to muscle mass and fatigue resistance revealed positive relationships with VPS13A and NPL levels, respectively. Our findings expose differential epigenetic and proteomic adaptations associated with translational regulation after PoWeR that could influence skeletal muscle mass and function in aged mice. KEY POINTS: Late-life combined endurance-resistance exercise training from 22-24 months of age in mice is shown to improve molecular, biochemical, cellular and in vivo functional characteristics of skeletal muscle and promote aspects of partial epigenetic reprogramming and epigenetic age mitigation. Integration of DNA CpG 36k methylation arrays using conserved sites (which also contain methylation ageing clock sites) with exploratory proteomics in skeletal muscle extends our prior work and reveals coordinated and widespread regulation of ribosomal, translation initiation, mitochondrial ribosomal (mitoribosomal) and complex I proteins after combined voluntary exercise training in a sizeable cohort of female mice (n = 7-10 per group and analysis). Multi-omics integration predicted epigenetic regulation of serine β-lactamase-like protein (LACTB - linked to tumour resistance in muscle), mind bomb 1 (MIB1 - linked to satellite cell and type 2 fibre maintenance) and ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N-recognin 4 (UBR4 - linked to muscle protein quality control) after training. Computational cistrome analysis identified MYC as a regulator of the late-life training proteome, in agreement with prior transcriptional analyses. Vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A (VPS13A) was positively correlated to muscle mass, and the glycoprotein/glycolipid associated sialylation enzyme N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (NPL) was associated to in vivo muscle fatigue resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby L Chambers
- Exercise Science Research Center, Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Alexander R Keeble
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Juo Lo
- Department of Educational Statistics and Research Methods, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Gyumin Kang
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Robert Brooke
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stanley J Watowich
- Ridgeline Therapeutics, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Exercise Science Research Center, Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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14
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Holwerda AM, Dirks ML, Barbeau PA, Goessens J, Gijsen A, van Loon LJC, Holloway GP. Mitochondrial bioenergetics are not associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 39007407 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria represent key organelles influencing cellular homeostasis and have been implicated in the signalling events regulating protein synthesis. METHODS We examined whether mitochondrial bioenergetics (oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (H2O2) emission, ROS) measured in vitro in permeabilized muscle fibres represent regulatory factors for integrated daily muscle protein synthesis rates and skeletal muscle mass changes across the spectrum of physical activity, including free-living and bed-rest conditions: n = 19 healthy, young men (26 ± 4 years, 23.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2) and following 12 weeks of resistance-type exercise training: n = 10 healthy older men (70 ± 3 years, 25.2 ± 2.1 kg/m2). Additionally, we evaluated the direct relationship between attenuated mitochondrial ROS emission and integrated daily myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis rates in genetically modified mice (mitochondrial-targeted catalase, MCAT). RESULTS Neither oxidative phosphorylation nor H2O2 emission were associated with muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy young men under free-living conditions or following 1 week of bed rest (both P > 0.05). Greater increases in GSSG concentration were associated with greater skeletal muscle mass loss following bed rest (r = -0.49, P < 0.05). In older men, only submaximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (corrected for mitochondrial content) was positively associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during exercise training (r = 0.72, P < 0.05). However, changes in oxidative phosphorylation and H2O2 emission were not associated with changes in skeletal muscle mass following training (both P > 0.05). Additionally, MCAT mice displayed no differences in myofibrillar (2.62 ± 0.22 vs. 2.75 ± 0.15%/day) and sarcoplasmic (3.68 ± 0.35 vs. 3.54 ± 0.35%/day) protein synthesis rates when compared with wild-type mice (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen emission do not seem to represent key factors regulating muscle protein synthesis or muscle mass regulation across the spectrum of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Holwerda
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Marlou L Dirks
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pierre-Andre Barbeau
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Joy Goessens
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie Gijsen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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15
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Zhao YC, Gao BH. Integrative effects of resistance training and endurance training on mitochondrial remodeling in skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05549-5. [PMID: 38981937 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Resistance training activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway of hypertrophy for strength gain, while endurance training increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) pathway of mitochondrial biogenesis benefiting oxidative phosphorylation. The conventional view suggests that resistance training-induced hypertrophy signaling interferes with endurance training-induced mitochondrial remodeling. However, this idea has been challenged because acute leg press and knee extension in humans enhance both muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial remodeling signals. Thus, we first examined the muscle mitochondrial remodeling and hypertrophy signals with endurance training and resistance training, respectively. In addition, we discussed the influence of resistance training on muscle mitochondria, demonstrating that the PGC-1α-mediated muscle mitochondrial adaptation and hypertrophy occur simultaneously. The second aim was to discuss the integrative effects of concurrent training, which consists of endurance and resistance training sessions on mitochondrial remodeling. The study found that the resistance training component does not reduce muscle mitochondrial remodeling signals in concurrent training. On the contrary, concurrent training has the potential to amplify skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis compared to a single exercise model. Concurrent training involving differential sequences of resistance and endurance training may result in varied mitochondrial biogenesis signals, which should be linked to the pre-activation of mTOR or PGC-1α signaling. Our review proposed a mechanism for mTOR signaling that promotes PGC-1α signaling through unidentified pathways. This mechanism may be account for the superior muscle mitochondrial remodeling change following the concurrent training. Our review suggested an interaction between resistance training and endurance training in skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cai Zhao
- College of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, No. 16 Donghai Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Bing-Hong Gao
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, No. 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
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16
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Xie X, Huang C. Role of the gut-muscle axis in mitochondrial function of ageing muscle under different exercise modes. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102316. [PMID: 38703951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental role of the gut microbiota through the gut-muscle axis in skeletal muscle ageing is increasingly recognised. Metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota are essential in maintaining skeletal muscle function and metabolism. The energy produced by mitochondria and moderate levels of reactive oxygen species can contribute to this process. Metabolites can effectively target the mitochondria, slowing the progression of muscle ageing and potentially representing a marker of ageing-related skeletal muscle loss. Moreover, mitochondria can contribute to the immune response, gut microbiota biodiversity, and maintenance of the intestinal barrier function. However, the causal relationship between mitochondrial function and gut microbiota crosstalk remains poorly understood. In addition to elucidating the regulatory pathways of the gut-muscle axis during the ageing process, we focused on the potential role of the "exercise-gut-muscle axis", which represents a pathway under stimulation from different exercise modes to induce mitochondrial adaptations, skeletal muscle metabolism and maintain intestinal barrier function and biodiversity stability. Meanwhile, different exercise modes can induce mitochondrial adaptations and skeletal muscle metabolism and maintain intestinal barrier function and biodiversity. Resistance exercise may promote mitochondrial adaptation, increase the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle and muscle hypertrophy, and promote muscle fibre and motor unit recruitment. Whereas endurance exercise promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, aerobic capacity, and energy utilisation, activating oxidative metabolism-related pathways to improve skeletal muscle metabolism and function. This review describes the effects of different exercise modes through the gut-muscle axis and how they act through mitochondria in ageing to define the current state of the field and issues requiring resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xie
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory for Digital Sports and Health, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory for Digital Sports and Health, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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17
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Zhang H, Gu W, Wu G, Yu Y. Aging and Autophagy: Roles in Musculoskeletal System Injury. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0362. [PMID: 38913046 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process that ultimately leads to a decline in physiological function and a consequent reduction in the health span, and quality of life in elderly population. In musculoskeletal diseases, aging is often associated with a gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, resulting in reduced functional capacity and an increased risk of chronic metabolic diseases, leading to impaired function and increased mortality. Autophagy is a highly conserved physiological process by which cells, under the regulation of autophagy-related genes, degrade their own organelles and large molecules by lysosomal degradation. This process is unique to eukaryotic cells and is a strict regulator of homeostasis, the maintenance of energy and substance balance. Autophagy plays an important role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes such as cell homeostasis, aging, immunity, tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. On the one hand, under mild stress conditions, autophagy mediates the restoration of homeostasis and proliferation, reduction of the rate of aging and delay of the aging process. On the other hand, under more intense stress conditions, an inadequate suppression of autophagy can lead to cellular aging. Conversely, autophagy activity decreases during aging. Due to the interrelationship between aging and autophagy, limited literature exists on this topic. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the current concepts on aging and autophagy in the musculoskeletal system. The aim is to better understand the mechanisms of age-related changes in bone, joint and muscle, as well as the interaction relationship between autophagy and aging. Its goal is to provide a comprehensive perspective for the improvement of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Gu
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genbin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinxian Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Lee MJC, Saner NJ, Ferri A, García-Domínguez E, Broatch JR, Bishop DJ. Delineating the contribution of ageing and physical activity to changes in mitochondrial characteristics across the lifespan. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101272. [PMID: 38626488 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with widespread physiological changes prominent within all tissues, including skeletal muscle and the brain, which lead to a decline in physical function. To tackle the growing health and economic burdens associated with an ageing population, the concept of healthy ageing has become a major research priority. Changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial characteristics have been suggested to make an important contribution to the reductions in skeletal muscle function with age, and age-related changes in mitochondrial content, respiratory function, morphology, and mitochondrial DNA have previously been reported. However, not all studies report changes in mitochondrial characteristics with ageing, and there is increasing evidence to suggest that physical activity (or inactivity) throughout life is a confounding factor when interpreting age-associated changes. Given that physical activity is a potent stimulus for inducing beneficial adaptations to mitochondrial characteristics, delineating the influence of physical activity on the changes in skeletal muscle that occur with age is complicated. This review aims to summarise our current understanding and knowledge gaps regarding age-related changes to mitochondrial characteristics within skeletal muscle, as well as to provide some novel insights into brain mitochondria, and to propose avenues of future research and targeted interventions. Furthermore, where possible, we incorporate discussions of the modifying effects of physical activity, exercise, and training status, to purported age-related changes in mitochondrial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J-C Lee
- The Exercise Prescription Lab (EPL), Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Saner
- The Exercise Prescription Lab (EPL), Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alessandra Ferri
- The Exercise Prescription Lab (EPL), Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esther García-Domínguez
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - James R Broatch
- The Exercise Prescription Lab (EPL), Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- The Exercise Prescription Lab (EPL), Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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19
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Pataky MW, Nair KS. Response to Comment on Pataky et al. Divergent Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Signatures of Different Exercise Training Modes Independently Predict Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Diabetes 2024;73:23-37. Diabetes 2024; 73:e4-e5. [PMID: 38506957 DOI: 10.2337/dbi24-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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20
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Mastrototaro L, Roden M. The effects of extracellular vesicles and their cargo on metabolism and its adaptation to physical exercise in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300078. [PMID: 37525338 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modification represents the first-line strategy for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is frequently associated with obesity and characterized by defective pancreatic insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. Exercise training is an essential component of lifestyle modification and has been shown to ameliorate insulin resistance by reducing body fat mass and by enhancing skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and insulin-independent glucose uptake. Additionally, exercising stimulates the release of exerkines such as metabolites or cytokines, but also long non-coding RNA, microRNAs, cell-free DNA (cf-DNA), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contribute to inter-tissue communication. There is emerging evidence that EV number and content are altered in obesity and T2DM and may be involved in several metabolic processes, specifically either worsening or improving insulin resistance. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the metabolic effects of exercise training and on the potential role of humoral factors and EV as new biomarkers for early diagnosis and tailored treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Bittel AJ, Chen YW. DNA Methylation in the Adaptive Response to Exercise. Sports Med 2024; 54:1419-1458. [PMID: 38561436 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence published over the past decade has highlighted the role of DNA methylation in skeletal muscle function and health, including as an epigenetic transducer of the adaptive response to exercise. In this review, we aim to synthesize the latest findings in this field to highlight: (1) the shifting understanding of the genomic localization of altered DNA methylation in response to acute and chronic aerobic and resistance exercise in skeletal muscle (e.g., promoter, gene bodies, enhancers, intergenic regions, un-annotated regions, and genome-wide methylation); (2) how these global/regional methylation changes relate to transcriptional activity following exercise; and (3) the factors (e.g., individual demographic or genetic features, dietary, training history, exercise parameters, local epigenetic characteristics, circulating hormones) demonstrated to alter both the pattern of DNA methylation after exercise, and the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression. Finally, we discuss the changes in non-CpG methylation and 5-hydroxymethylation after exercise, as well as the importance of emerging single-cell analyses to future studies-areas of increasing focus in the field of epigenetics. We anticipate that this review will help generate a framework for clinicians and researchers to begin developing and testing exercise interventions designed to generate targeted changes in DNA methylation as part of a personalized exercise regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Bittel
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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22
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Newsom SA, Robinson MM. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms in skeletal muscle of interaction between exercise and frontline antihyperglycemic drugs. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16093. [PMID: 38845596 PMCID: PMC11157199 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise and antihyperglycemic drugs are front-line treatments for type-2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Leading drugs are metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists. Each class has strong individual efficacy to treat hyperglycemia, yet the combination with exercise can yield varied results, some of which include blunting of expected metabolic benefits. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance contributes to the development of type-2 diabetes while improvements in skeletal muscle insulin signaling are among key adaptations to exercise training. The current review identifies recent advances into the mechanisms, with an emphasis on skeletal muscle, of the interaction between exercise and these common antihyperglycemic drugs. The review is written toward researchers and thus highlights specific gaps in knowledge and considerations for future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Newsom
- School of Exercise, Sport, and Health Sciences, College of HealthOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Exercise, Sport, and Health Sciences, College of HealthOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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23
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Wilkinson DJ, Crossland H, Atherton PJ. Metabolomic and proteomic applications to exercise biomedicine. TRANSLATIONAL EXERCISE BIOMEDICINE 2024; 1:9-22. [PMID: 38660119 PMCID: PMC11036890 DOI: 10.1515/teb-2024-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Objectives 'OMICs encapsulates study of scaled data acquisition, at the levels of DNA, RNA, protein, and metabolite species. The broad objectives of OMICs in biomedical exercise research are multifarious, but commonly relate to biomarker development and understanding features of exercise adaptation in health, ageing and metabolic diseases. Methods This field is one of exponential technical (i.e., depth of feature coverage) and scientific (i.e., in health, metabolic conditions and ageing, multi-OMICs) progress adopting targeted and untargeted approaches. Results Key findings in exercise biomedicine have led to the identification of OMIC features linking to heritability or adaptive responses to exercise e.g., the forging of GWAS/proteome/metabolome links to cardiovascular fitness and metabolic health adaptations. The recent addition of stable isotope tracing to proteomics ('dynamic proteomics') and metabolomics ('fluxomics') represents the next phase of state-of-the-art in 'OMICS. Conclusions These methods overcome limitations associated with point-in-time 'OMICs and can be achieved using substrate-specific tracers or deuterium oxide (D2O), depending on the question; these methods could help identify how individual protein turnover and metabolite flux may explain exercise responses. We contend application of these methods will shed new light in translational exercise biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Wilkinson
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (CoMAP), Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Hannah Crossland
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (CoMAP), Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (CoMAP), Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
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24
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Lanfranchi C, Willis SJ, Laramée L, Conde Alonso S, Pialoux V, Kayser B, Place N, Millet GP, Zanou N. Repeated sprint training in hypoxia induces specific skeletal muscle adaptations through S100A protein signaling. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23615. [PMID: 38651657 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302084rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Athletes increasingly engage in repeated sprint training consisting in repeated short all-out efforts interspersed by short recoveries. When performed in hypoxia (RSH), it may lead to greater training effects than in normoxia (RSN); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed at elucidating the effects of RSH on skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations as compared to RSN. Sixteen healthy young men performed nine repeated sprint training sessions in either normoxia (FIO2 = 0.209, RSN, n = 7) or normobaric hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.136, RSH, n = 9). Before and after the training period, exercise performance was assessed by using repeated sprint ability (RSA) and Wingate tests. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed to investigate muscle metabolic adaptations using proteomics combined with western blot analysis. Similar improvements were observed in RSA and Wingate tests in both RSN and RSH groups. At the muscle level, RSN and RSH reduced oxidative phosphorylation protein content but triggered an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis proteins. Proteomics showed an increase in several S100A family proteins in the RSH group, among which S100A13 most strongly. We confirmed a significant increase in S100A13 protein by western blot in RSH, which was associated with increased Akt phosphorylation and its downstream targets regulating protein synthesis. Altogether our data indicate that RSH may activate an S100A/Akt pathway to trigger specific adaptations as compared to RSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lanfranchi
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah J Willis
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Louis Laramée
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Conde Alonso
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology UR7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Roberts MD, Ruple BA, Godwin JS, McIntosh MC, Chen SY, Kontos NJ, Agyin-Birikorang A, Michel M, Plotkin DL, Mattingly ML, Mobley B, Ziegenfuss TN, Fruge AD, Kavazis AN. A novel deep proteomic approach in human skeletal muscle unveils distinct molecular signatures affected by aging and resistance training. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6631-6651. [PMID: 38643460 PMCID: PMC11087122 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle proteome alterations to aging and resistance training have been reported in prior studies. However, conventional proteomics in skeletal muscle typically yields wide protein abundance ranges that mask the detection of lowly expressed proteins. Thus, we adopted a novel deep proteomics approach whereby myofibril (MyoF) and non-MyoF fractions were separately subjected to protein corona nanoparticle complex formation prior to digestion and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Specifically, we investigated MyoF and non-MyoF proteomic profiles of the vastus lateralis muscle of younger (Y, 22±2 years old; n=5) and middle-aged participants (MA, 56±8 years old; n=6). Additionally, MA muscle was analyzed following eight weeks of resistance training (RT, 2d/week). Across all participants, the number of non-MyoF proteins detected averaged to be 5,645±266 (range: 4,888-5,987) and the number of MyoF proteins detected averaged to be 2,611±326 (range: 1,944-3,101). Differences in the non-MyoF (8.4%) and MyoF (2.5%) proteomes were evident between age cohorts, and most differentially expressed non-MyoF proteins (447/543) were more enriched in MA versus Y. Biological processes in the non-MyoF fraction were predicted to be operative in MA versus Y including increased cellular stress, mRNA splicing, translation elongation, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. RT in MA participants only altered ~0.3% of MyoF and ~1.0% of non-MyoF proteomes. In summary, aging and RT predominantly affect non-contractile proteins in skeletal muscle. Additionally, marginal proteome adaptations with RT suggest more rigorous training may stimulate more robust effects or that RT, regardless of age, subtly alters basal state skeletal muscle protein abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Max Michel
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | | | - Brooks Mobley
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Andrew D. Fruge
- College of Nursing, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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26
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Noone J, Mucinski JM, DeLany JP, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH. Understanding the variation in exercise responses to guide personalized physical activity prescriptions. Cell Metab 2024; 36:702-724. [PMID: 38262420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to exercise response variation is the first step in achieving the goal of developing personalized exercise prescriptions. This review discusses the key molecular and other mechanistic factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, that influence exercise responses and health outcomes. Extrinsic characteristics include the timing and dose of exercise, circadian rhythms, sleep habits, dietary interactions, and medication use, whereas intrinsic factors such as sex, age, hormonal status, race/ethnicity, and genetics are also integral. The molecular transducers of exercise (i.e., genomic/epigenomic, proteomic/post-translational, transcriptomic, metabolic/metabolomic, and lipidomic elements) are considered with respect to variability in physiological and health outcomes. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that impede our ability to develop effective personalized exercise prescriptions. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) aims to fill significant gaps in the understanding of exercise response variability, yet further investigations are needed to address additional health outcomes across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | | | - James P DeLany
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
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27
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Brown A, Parise G, Thomas ACQ, Ng SY, McGlory C, Phillips SM, Kumbhare D, Joanisse S. Low baseline ribosome-related gene expression and resistance training-induced declines in ribosome-related gene expression are associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy in young men and women. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31182. [PMID: 38214457 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Ribosomes are essential cellular machinery for protein synthesis. It is hypothesised that ribosome content supports muscle growth and that individuals with more ribosomes have greater increases in muscle size following resistance training (RT). Aerobic conditioning (AC) also elicits distinct physiological adaptations; however, no measures of ribosome content following AC have been conducted. We used ribosome-related gene expression as a proxy measure for ribosome content and hypothesised that AC and RT would increase ribosome-related gene expression. Fourteen young men and women performed 6 weeks of single-legged AC followed by 10 weeks of double-legged RT. Muscle biopsies were taken following AC and following RT in the aerobically conditioned (AC+RT) and unconditioned (RT) legs. No differences in regulatory genes (Ubf, Cyclin D1, Tif-1a and Polr-1b) involved in ribosomal biogenesis or ribosomal RNA (45S, 5.8S, 18S and 28S rRNAs) expression were observed following AC and RT, except for c-Myc (RT > AC+RT) and 5S rRNA (RT < AC+RT at pre-RT) with 18S external transcribed spacer and 5.8S internal transcribed spacer expression decreasing from pre-RT to post-RT in the RT leg only. When divided for change in leg-lean soft tissue mass (ΔLLSTM) following RT, legs with the greatest ΔLLSTM had lower expression in 11/13 measured ribosome-related genes before RT and decreased expression in 9/13 genes following RT. These results indicate that AC and RT did not increase ribosome-related gene expression. Contrary to previous research, the greatest increase in muscle mass was associated with lower changes in ribosome-related gene expression over the course of the 10-week training programme. This may point to the importance of translational efficiency rather than translational capacity (i.e. ribosome content) in mediating long-term exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Brown
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron C Q Thomas
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Y Ng
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dinesh Kumbhare
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Nottingha, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Juškevičiūtė E, Neuberger E, Eimantas N, Venckunas T, Kamandulis S, Simon P, Brazaitis M. Three-week sprint interval training (SIT) reduces cell-free DNA and low-frequency fatigue but does not induce VO2max improvement in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1297-1309. [PMID: 38015284 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the impact of sprint interval training (SIT) on both the acute and 3-week modulations of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), as well as its association with neuromuscular fatigue and physical performance in healthy young and old men. METHODS Ten young (20-25 year old) and nine elderly (63-72 year old) healthy men performed nine SIT sessions consisting of 4-to-6-all-out cycling repetitions of 30 s interspaced with 4-min rest intervals. We compared the maximal voluntary contractions torque, central activation ratio, low-frequency fatigue (LFF), and cfDNA concentrations between the groups before, immediately after, 1 h after, and 24 h after the first and ninth SIT sessions. RESULTS The plasma cfDNA levels were increased post-exercise (from 1.4 ± 0.258 to 1.91 ± 0.278 ng/ml (P < 0.01) on a log10 scale), without significant differences between the groups. However, older individuals showed a slight decrease in the baseline cfDNA values, from 1.39 ± 0.176 to 1.29 ± 0.085 ng/ml on a log10 scale, after 3 weeks (P = 0.043). Importantly, the elevation of the post-exercise cfDNA values was correlated with an increase in LFF in both groups. Three weeks of SIT induced an improvement in the recovery of LFF (main session effect, P = 0.0029); however, only the young group showed an increase in aerobic capacity (VO2max) (from 40.8 ± 6.74 to 43.0 ± 5.80 ml/kg/min, P = 0.0039). CONCLUSION Three weeks of SIT diminished the baseline cfDNA values in the old group, together with an improvement in the recovery of LFF. However, VO2max was increased only in the young group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Juškevičiūtė
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elmo Neuberger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nerijus Eimantas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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29
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Miller MJ, Gries KJ, Marcotte GR, Ryan Z, Strub MD, Kunz HE, Arendt BK, Dasari S, Ebert SM, Adams CM, Lanza IR. Human myofiber-enriched aging-induced lncRNA FRAIL1 promotes loss of skeletal muscle function. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14097. [PMID: 38297807 PMCID: PMC11019130 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle mass during aging is a significant health concern linked to adverse outcomes in older individuals. Understanding the molecular basis of age-related muscle loss is crucial for developing strategies to combat this debilitating condition. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a largely uncharacterized class of biomolecules that have been implicated in cellular homeostasis and dysfunction across a many tissues and cell types. To identify lncRNAs that might contribute to skeletal muscle aging, we screened for lncRNAs whose expression was altered in vastus lateralis muscle from older compared to young adults. We identified FRAIL1 as an aging-induced lncRNA with high abundance in human skeletal muscle. In healthy young and older adults, skeletal muscle FRAIL1 was increased with age in conjunction with lower muscle function. Forced expression of FRAIL1 in mouse tibialis anterior muscle elicits a dose-dependent reduction in skeletal muscle fiber size that is independent of changes in muscle fiber type. Furthermore, this reduction in muscle size is dependent on an intact region of FRAIL1 that is highly conserved across non-human primates. Unbiased transcriptional and proteomic profiling of the effects of FRAIL1 expression in mouse skeletal muscle revealed widespread changes in mRNA and protein abundance that recapitulate age-related changes in pathways and processes that are known to be altered in aging skeletal muscle. Taken together, these findings shed light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle aging and implicate FRAIL1 in age-related skeletal muscle phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Miller
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | | | - George R. Marcotte
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Zachary Ryan
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Hawley E. Kunz
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Scott M. Ebert
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Emmyon, Inc.RochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Christopher M. Adams
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Emmyon, Inc.RochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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30
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Franczak E, Maurer A, Drummond VC, Kugler BA, Wells E, Wenger M, Peelor FF, Crosswhite A, McCoin CS, Koch LG, Britton SL, Miller BF, Thyfault JP. Divergence in aerobic capacity and energy expenditure influence metabolic tissue mitochondrial protein synthesis rates in aged rats. GeroScience 2024; 46:2207-2222. [PMID: 37880490 PMCID: PMC10828174 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated declines in aerobic capacity promote the development of various metabolic diseases. In rats selectively bred for high/low intrinsic aerobic capacity, greater aerobic capacity reduces susceptibility to metabolic disease while increasing longevity. However, little remains known how intrinsic aerobic capacity protects against metabolic disease, particularly with aging. Here, we tested the effects of aging and intrinsic aerobic capacity on systemic energy expenditure, metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates using 24-month-old low-capacity (LCR) or high-capacity runner (HCR) rats. Rats were fed low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, with energy expenditure (EE) and metabolic flexibility assessed utilizing indirect calorimetry during a 48 h fast/re-feeding metabolic challenge. Deuterium oxide (D2O) labeling was used to assess mitochondrial protein fraction synthesis rates (FSR) over a 7-day period. HCR rats possessed greater EE during the metabolic challenge. Interestingly, HFD induced changes in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in male and female rats, while HCR female rat RER was largely unaffected by diet. In addition, analysis of protein FSR in skeletal muscle, brain, and liver mitochondria showed tissue-specific adaptations between HCR and LCR rats. While brain and liver protein FSR were altered by aerobic capacity and diet, these effects were less apparent in skeletal muscle. Overall, we provide evidence that greater aerobic capacity promotes elevated EE in an aged state, while also regulating metabolic flexibility in a sex-dependent manner. Modulation of mitochondrial protein FSR by aerobic capacity is tissue-specific with aging, likely due to differential energetic requirements by each tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edziu Franczak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Adrianna Maurer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Vivien Csikos Drummond
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Emily Wells
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Madi Wenger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | | | - Abby Crosswhite
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
- KU Diabetes Institute and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center, Mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Edman S, Jones RG, Jannig PR, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Norrbom J, Thomas NT, Khadgi S, Koopmans PJ, Morena F, Peterson CS, Scott LN, Greene NP, Figueiredo VC, Fry CS, Zhengye L, Lanner JT, Wen Y, Alkner B, Murach KA, von Walden F. The 24-Hour Time Course of Integrated Molecular Responses to Resistance Exercise in Human Skeletal Muscle Implicates MYC as a Hypertrophic Regulator That is Sufficient for Growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586857. [PMID: 38586026 PMCID: PMC10996609 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Molecular control of recovery after exercise in muscle is temporally dynamic. A time course of biopsies around resistance exercise (RE) combined with -omics is necessary to better comprehend the molecular contributions of skeletal muscle adaptation in humans. Vastus lateralis biopsies before and 30 minutes, 3-, 8-, and 24-hours after acute RE were collected. A time-point matched biopsy-only group was also included. RNA-sequencing defined the transcriptome while DNA methylomics and computational approaches complemented these data. The post-RE time course revealed: 1) DNA methylome responses at 30 minutes corresponded to upregulated genes at 3 hours, 2) a burst of translation- and transcription-initiation factor-coding transcripts occurred between 3 and 8 hours, 3) global gene expression peaked at 8 hours, 4) ribosome-related genes dominated the mRNA landscape between 8 and 24 hours, 5) methylation-regulated MYC was a highly influential transcription factor throughout the 24-hour recovery and played a primary role in ribosome-related mRNA levels between 8 and 24 hours. The influence of MYC in human muscle adaptation was strengthened by transcriptome information from acute MYC overexpression in mouse muscle. To test whether MYC was sufficient for hypertrophy, we generated a muscle fiber-specific doxycycline inducible model of pulsatile MYC induction. Periodic 48-hour pulses of MYC over 4 weeks resulted in higher muscle mass and fiber size in the soleus of adult female mice. Collectively, we present a temporally resolved resource for understanding molecular adaptations to RE in muscle and reveal MYC as a regulator of RE-induced mRNA levels and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Edman
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald G. Jones
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Paulo R. Jannig
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jessica Norrbom
- Karolinska Institute, Molecular Exercise Physiology Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas T. Thomas
- University of Kentucky, Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sabin Khadgi
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Pieter Jan Koopmans
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- University of Arkansas, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Francielly Morena
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Calvin S. Peterson
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Logan N. Scott
- University of Kentucky, Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physiology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Greene
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Vandre C. Figueiredo
- University of Kentucky, Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- Oakland University, Department of Biological Sciences, Rochester Hills, MI, USA
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- University of Kentucky, Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Liu Zhengye
- Karolinska Institute, Molecular Muscle Physiology & Pathophysiology Group, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T. Lanner
- Karolinska Institute, Molecular Muscle Physiology & Pathophysiology Group, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuan Wen
- University of Kentucky, Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physiology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Björn Alkner
- Department of Orthopedics, Eksjö, Region Jönköping County and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kevin A. Murach
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- University of Arkansas, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wan R, Chen Y, Feng X, Luo Z, Peng Z, Qi B, Qin H, Lin J, Chen S, Xu L, Tang J, Zhang T. Exercise potentially prevents colorectal cancer liver metastases by suppressing tumor epithelial cell stemness via RPS4X downregulation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26604. [PMID: 38439884 PMCID: PMC10909670 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent tumor globally. The liver is the most common site for CRC metastasis, and the involvement of the liver is a common cause of death in patients with late-stage CRC. Consequently, mitigating CRC liver metastasis (CRLM) is key to improving CRC prognosis and increasing survival. Exercise has been shown to be an effective method of improving the prognosis of many tumor types. However, the ability of exercise to inhibit CRLM is yet to be thoroughly investigated. Methods The GSE157600 and GSE97084 datasets were used for analysis. A pan-cancer dataset which was uniformly normalized was downloaded and analyzed from the UCSC database: TCGA, TARGET, GTEx (PANCAN, n = 19,131, G = 60,499). Several advanced bioinformatics analyses were conducted, including single-cell sequencing analysis, correlation algorithm, and prognostic screen. CRC tumor microarray (TMA) as well as cell/animal experiments are used to further validate the results of the analysis. Results The greatest variability was found in epithelial cells from the tumor group. RPS4X was generally upregulated in all types of CRC, while exercise downregulated RPS4X expression. A lowered expression of RPS4X may prolong tumor survival and reduce CRC metastasis. RPS4X and tumor stemness marker-CD44 were highly positively correlated and knockdown of RPS4X expression reduced tumor stemness both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion RPS4X upregulation may enhance CRC stemness and increase the odds of metastasis. Exercise may reduce CRC metastasis through the regulation of RPS4X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Wan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yisheng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xinting Feng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijie Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Affiliated Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Haocheng Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Liangfeng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheyang County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayin Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Morcillo-Losa JA, Díaz-Martínez MDP, Ceylan Hİ, Moreno-Vecino B, Bragazzi NL, Párraga Montilla J. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Muscle Strength for the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1299. [PMID: 38592165 PMCID: PMC10931549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a significant health concern primarily affecting old adult individuals, characterized by age-related muscle loss, and decreased strength, power, and endurance. It has profound negative effects on overall health and quality of life, including reduced independence, mobility, and daily activity performance, osteoporosis, increased fall and fracture risks, metabolic issues, and chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. Preventive strategies typically involve a combination of proper nutrition and regular physical activity. Among strength training exercises, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) stands out as the most effective approach for improving muscle function in older adults with sarcopenia. The current review identifies and summarizes the studies that have examined the effects of HIIT on muscle strength in older adults as an element of the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. A systematic search using several computerized databases, namely, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science, was performed on 12 January 2023, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 224 studies were initially retrieved. A total of five studies met the selection criteria. HIIT training shows improvements in body composition and functional and cardiorespiratory capacity, has benefits on muscle strength, increases muscle quality and architecture, and is associated with muscle hypertrophy in healthy older adults. Nonetheless, given the shortcomings affecting primary research in terms of the limited number of studies and the high risk of bias, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alfonso Morcillo-Losa
- Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.A.M.-L.); (M.d.P.D.-M.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Maria del Pilar Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.A.M.-L.); (M.d.P.D.-M.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, 25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Beatriz Moreno-Vecino
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Centre d’Ensenyament Superior Alberta Giménez CESAG, Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma, Spain;
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, Medical School, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Juan Párraga Montilla
- Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.A.M.-L.); (M.d.P.D.-M.); (J.P.M.)
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Ashcroft SP, Stocks B, Egan B, Zierath JR. Exercise induces tissue-specific adaptations to enhance cardiometabolic health. Cell Metab 2024; 36:278-300. [PMID: 38183980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The risk associated with multiple cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and all-cause mortality is decreased in individuals who meet the current recommendations for physical activity. Therefore, regular exercise remains a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. An acute bout of exercise results in the coordinated interaction between multiple tissues to meet the increased energy demand of exercise. Over time, the associated metabolic stress of each individual exercise bout provides the basis for long-term adaptations across tissues, including the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gut, and brain. Therefore, regular exercise is associated with a plethora of benefits throughout the whole body, including improved cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, and glycemic control. Overall, we summarize the exercise-induced adaptations that occur within multiple tissues and how they converge to ultimately improve cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ashcroft
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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35
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Raue U, Begue G, Minchev K, Jemiolo B, Gries KJ, Chambers T, Rubenstein A, Zaslavsky E, Sealfon SC, Trappe T, Trappe S. Fast and slow muscle fiber transcriptome dynamics with lifelong endurance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:244-261. [PMID: 38095016 PMCID: PMC11219013 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00442.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated fast and slow muscle fiber transcriptome exercise dynamics among three groups of men: lifelong exercisers (LLE, n = 8, 74 ± 1 yr), old healthy nonexercisers (OH, n = 9, 75 ± 1 yr), and young exercisers (YE, n = 8, 25 ± 1 yr). On average, LLE had exercised ∼4 day·wk-1 for ∼8 h·wk-1 over 53 ± 2 years. Muscle biopsies were obtained pre- and 4 h postresistance exercise (3 × 10 knee extensions at 70% 1-RM). Fast and slow fiber size and function were assessed preexercise with fast and slow RNA-seq profiles examined pre- and postexercise. LLE fast fiber size was similar to OH, which was ∼30% smaller than YE (P < 0.05) with contractile function variables among groups, resulting in lower power in LLE (P < 0.05). LLE slow fibers were ∼30% larger and more powerful compared with YE and OH (P < 0.05). At the transcriptome level, fast fibers were more responsive to resistance exercise compared with slow fibers among all three cohorts (P < 0.05). Exercise induced a comprehensive biological response in fast fibers (P < 0.05) including transcription, signaling, skeletal muscle cell differentiation, and metabolism with vast differences among the groups. Fast fibers from YE exhibited a growth and metabolic signature, with LLE being primarily metabolic, and OH showing a strong stress-related response. In slow fibers, only LLE exhibited a biological response to exercise (P < 0.05), which was related to ketone and lipid metabolism. The divergent exercise transcriptome signatures provide novel insight into the molecular regulation in fast and slow fibers with age and exercise and suggest that the ∼5% weekly exercise time commitment of the lifelong exercisers provided a powerful investment for fast and slow muscle fiber metabolic health at the molecular level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides the first insights into fast and slow muscle fiber transcriptome dynamics with lifelong endurance exercise. The fast fibers were more responsive to exercise with divergent transcriptome signatures among young exercisers (growth and metabolic), lifelong exercisers (metabolic), and old healthy nonexercisers (stress). Only lifelong exercisers had a biological response in slow fibers (metabolic). These data provide novel insights into fast and slow muscle fiber health at the molecular level with age and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Gwenaelle Begue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Bozena Jemiolo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Kevin J Gries
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Toby Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Aliza Rubenstein
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Todd Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
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Rogers EM, Banks NF, Jenkins NDM. The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3667. [PMID: 37269143 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deficiency is a ubiquitous phenomenon among Americans. In fact, in the United States, ∼78% of teens and 35% of adults currently get less sleep than recommended for their age-group, and the quality of sleep appears to be getting worse for many. The consequences of sleep disruption manifest in a myriad of ways, including insulin resistance and disrupted nutrient metabolism, dysregulation of hunger and satiety, and potentially increased body weight and adiposity. Consequently, inadequate sleep is related to an increased risk of various cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Exercise has the potential to be an effective therapeutic to counteract the deleterious effects of sleep disruption listed above, whereas chronic psychosocial stress may causally promote sleep disruption and cardiometabolic risk. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current evidence on the consequences of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality on substrate metabolism, circulating appetite hormones, hunger and satiety, and weight gain. Secondly, we provide a brief overview of chronic psychosocial stress and its impact on sleep and metabolic health. Finally, we summarise the current evidence regarding the ability of exercise to counteract the adverse metabolic health effects of sleep disruption. Throughout the review, we highlight areas where additional interrogation and future exploration are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Rogers
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nile F Banks
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Emanuelsson EB, Arif M, Reitzner SM, Perez S, Lindholm ME, Mardinoglu A, Daub C, Sundberg CJ, Chapman MA. Remodeling of the human skeletal muscle proteome found after long-term endurance training but not after strength training. iScience 2024; 27:108638. [PMID: 38213622 PMCID: PMC10783619 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has tremendous systemic tissue-specific health benefits, but the molecular adaptations to long-term exercise training are not completely understood. We investigated the skeletal muscle proteome of highly endurance-trained, strength-trained, and untrained individuals and performed exercise- and sex-specific analyses. Of the 6,000+ proteins identified, >650 were differentially expressed in endurance-trained individuals compared with controls. Strikingly, 92% of the shared proteins with higher expression in both the male and female endurance groups were known mitochondrial. In contrast to the findings in endurance-trained individuals, minimal differences were found in strength-trained individuals and between females and males. Lastly, a co-expression network and comparative literature analysis revealed key proteins and pathways related to the health benefits of exercise, which were primarily related to differences in mitochondrial proteins. This network is available as an interactive database resource where investigators can correlate clinical data with global gene and protein expression data for hypothesis generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Emanuelsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan M. Reitzner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sean Perez
- Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Maléne E. Lindholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host–Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Carsten Daub
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark A. Chapman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Integrated Engineering, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
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Cervone DT, Moreno-Justicia R, Quesada JP, Deshmukh AS. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics approaches to interrogate skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14334. [PMID: 36973869 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute exercise and chronic exercise training elicit beneficial whole-body changes in physiology that ultimately depend on profound alterations to the dynamics of tissue-specific proteins. Since the work accomplished during exercise owes predominantly to skeletal muscle, it has received the majority of interest from exercise scientists that attempt to unravel adaptive mechanisms accounting for salutary metabolic effects and performance improvements that arise from training. Contemporary scientists are also beginning to use mass spectrometry-based proteomics, which is emerging as a powerful approach to interrogate the muscle protein signature in a more comprehensive manner. Collectively, these technologies facilitate the analysis of skeletal muscle protein dynamics from several viewpoints, including changes to intracellular proteins (expression proteomics), secreted proteins (secretomics), post-translational modifications as well as fiber-, cell-, and organelle-specific changes. This review aims to highlight recent literature that has leveraged new workflows and advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics to further our understanding of training-related changes in skeletal muscle. We call attention to untapped areas in skeletal muscle proteomics research relating to exercise training and metabolism, as well as basic points of contention when applying mass spectrometry-based analyses, particularly in the study of human biology. We further encourage researchers to couple the hypothesis-generating and descriptive nature of omics data with functional analyses that propel our understanding of the complex adaptive responses in skeletal muscle that occur with acute and chronic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Cervone
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger Moreno-Justicia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Júlia Prats Quesada
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Atul S Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Proteomics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pataky MW, Kumar AP, Gaul DA, Moore SG, Dasari S, Robinson MM, Klaus KA, Kumar AA, Fernandez FM, Nair KS. Divergent Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Signatures of Different Exercise Training Modes Independently Predict Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Diabetes 2024; 73:23-37. [PMID: 37862464 PMCID: PMC10784655 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the link between enhancement of SI (by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) and muscle metabolites after 12 weeks of aerobic (high-intensity interval training [HIIT]), resistance training (RT), or combined training (CT) exercise in 52 lean healthy individuals. Muscle RNA sequencing revealed a significant association between SI after both HIIT and RT and the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolic pathway. Concurrently with increased expression and activity of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase enzyme, many muscle amino metabolites, including BCAAs, glutamate, phenylalanine, aspartate, asparagine, methionine, and γ-aminobutyric acid, increased with HIIT, supporting the substantial impact of HIIT on amino acid metabolism. Short-chain C3 and C5 acylcarnitines were reduced in muscle with all three training modes, but unlike RT, both HIIT and CT increased tricarboxylic acid metabolites and cardiolipins, supporting greater mitochondrial activity with aerobic training. Conversely, RT and CT increased more plasma membrane phospholipids than HIIT, suggesting a resistance exercise effect on cellular membrane protection against environmental damage. Sex and age contributed modestly to the exercise-induced changes in metabolites and their association with cardiometabolic parameters. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses suggest various clusters of genes and metabolites are involved in distinct effects of HIIT, RT, and CT. These distinct metabolic signatures of different exercise modes independently link each type of exercise training to improved SI and cardiometabolic risk. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS We aimed to understand the link between skeletal muscle metabolites and cardiometabolic health after exercise training. Although aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training each enhance muscle insulin sensitivity as well as other cardiometabolic parameters, they disparately alter amino and citric acid metabolites as well as the lipidome, linking these metabolomic changes independently to the improvement of cardiometabolic risks with each exercise training mode. These findings reveal an important layer of the unique exercise mode-dependent changes in muscle metabolism, which may eventually lead to more informed exercise prescription for improving SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - David A. Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | | | - A. Aneesh Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Facundo M. Fernandez
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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Reitzner SM, Emanuelsson EB, Arif M, Kaczkowski B, Kwon AT, Mardinoglu A, Arner E, Chapman MA, Sundberg CJ. Molecular profiling of high-level athlete skeletal muscle after acute endurance or resistance exercise - A systems biology approach. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101857. [PMID: 38141850 PMCID: PMC10805945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term high-level exercise training leads to improvements in physical performance and multi-tissue adaptation following changes in molecular pathways. While skeletal muscle baseline differences between exercise-trained and untrained individuals have been previously investigated, it remains unclear how training history influences human multi-omics responses to acute exercise. METHODS We recruited and extensively characterized 24 individuals categorized as endurance athletes with >15 years of training history, strength athletes or control subjects. Timeseries skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from M. vastus lateralis at three time-points after endurance or resistance exercise was performed and multi-omics molecular analysis performed. RESULTS Our analyses revealed distinct activation differences of molecular processes such as fatty- and amino acid metabolism and transcription factors such as HIF1A and the MYF-family. We show that endurance athletes have an increased abundance of carnitine-derivates while strength athletes increase specific phospholipid metabolites compared to control subjects. Additionally, for the first time, we show the metabolite sorbitol to be substantially increased with acute exercise. On transcriptional level, we show that acute resistance exercise stimulates more gene expression than acute endurance exercise. This follows a specific pattern, with endurance athletes uniquely down-regulating pathways related to mitochondria, translation and ribosomes. Finally, both forms of exercise training specialize in diverging transcriptional directions, differentiating themselves from the transcriptome of the untrained control group. CONCLUSIONS We identify a "transcriptional specialization effect" by transcriptional narrowing and intensification, and molecular specialization effects on metabolomic level Additionally, we performed multi-omics network and cluster analysis, providing a novel resource of skeletal muscle transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling in highly trained and untrained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Reitzner
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogumil Kaczkowski
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama, 1 Chome-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Andrew Tj Kwon
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama, 1 Chome-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Arner
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama, 1 Chome-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1 Chome-3-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Department Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Integrated Engineering, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalà Park, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Department Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Solna, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
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41
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Blackwell JEM, Gharahdaghi N, Deane CS, Brook MS, Williams JP, Lund JN, Atherton PJ, Smith K, Wilkinson DJ, Phillips BE. Molecular mechanisms underpinning favourable physiological adaptations to exercise prehabilitation for urological cancer surgery. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023:10.1038/s41391-023-00774-z. [PMID: 38110544 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for urological cancers is associated with high complication rates and survivors commonly experience fatigue, reduced physical ability and quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) as surgical prehabilitation has been proven effective for improving the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of urological cancer patients, however the mechanistic basis of this favourable adaptation is undefined. Thus, we aimed to assess the mechanisms of physiological responses to HIIT as surgical prehabilitation for urological cancer. METHODS Nineteen male patients scheduled for major urological surgery were randomised to complete 4-weeks HIIT prehabilitation (71.6 ± 0.75 years, BMI: 27.7 ± 0.9 kg·m2) or a no-intervention control (71.8 ± 1.1 years, BMI: 26.9 ± 1.3 kg·m2). Before and after the intervention period, patients underwent m. vastus lateralis biopsies to quantify the impact of HIIT on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, cumulative myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and anabolic, catabolic and insulin-related signalling. RESULTS OXPHOS capacity increased with HIIT, with increased expression of electron transport chain protein complexes (C)-II (p = 0.010) and III (p = 0.045); and a significant correlation between changes in C-I (r = 0.80, p = 0.003), C-IV (r = 0.75, p = 0.008) and C-V (r = 0.61, p = 0.046) and changes in CRF. Neither MPS (1.81 ± 0.12 to 2.04 ± 0.14%·day-1, p = 0.39) nor anabolic or catabolic proteins were upregulated by HIIT (p > 0.05). There was, however, an increase in phosphorylation of AS160Thr642 (p = 0.046) post-HIIT. CONCLUSIONS A HIIT surgical prehabilitation regime, which improved the CRF of urological cancer patients, enhanced capacity for skeletal muscle OXPHOS; offering potential mechanistic explanation for this favourable adaptation. HIIT did not stimulate MPS, synonymous with the observed lack of hypertrophy. Larger trials pairing patient-centred and clinical endpoints with mechanistic investigations are required to determine the broader impacts of HIIT prehabilitation in this cohort, and to inform on future optimisation (i.e., to increase muscle mass).
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Blackwell
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
- Department of Surgery & Anaesthetics, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Nima Gharahdaghi
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Colleen S Deane
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew S Brook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John P Williams
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
- Department of Surgery & Anaesthetics, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Jonathan N Lund
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
- Department of Surgery & Anaesthetics, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Ken Smith
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK.
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Ruegsegger GN, Ekholm ER, Monroe CE, Rappaport CI, Huppert RD, Anton CR, Ferguson MJ. Glucose tolerance status associates with improvements in cognitive function following high-intensity exercise in adults with obesity. Physiol Behav 2023; 272:114389. [PMID: 37890604 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and proinflammatory cytokines associate with cognitive decline. Numerous studies document cognitive benefits of acute exercise bouts in lean individuals. However, how co-morbidities such as obesity and IR influence cognitive changes induced by acute exercise is unclear. We examined the effects of acute high-intensity aerobic exercise on cognitive function in age-matched and BMI-matched obese adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and in lean, NGT adults. METHODS 49 adults (15 Lean, 18 Obese-NGT, 16 Obese-IGT) performed one session of high-intensity interval exercise (four cycles of 4-min at 75% Wmax with 3-min rest). Cognitive function testing and blood sampling were performed pre- and post-exercise. RESULTS Following exercise, measurements of executive function and working memory were improved in Lean and Obese-NGT (p < 0.05), but not Obese-IGT. Changes in cognitive function following exercise negatively correlated with 2-hr glucose during an OGTT after controlling for body weight and body composition (rp = -0.40, p = 0.007). Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CRP remained increased 60-minutes post-exercise in Obese-IGT, but not in Lean or Obese-NGT, which positively associated with 2-hr glucose during an OGTT (p < 0.01) and negatively with changes in cognitive function following exercise (p < 0.01). Greater insulin levels in Obese-IGT post-exercise also negatively correlated with changes in cognitive function following exercise (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Improvements in cognition following acute high-intensity exercise positively associate with glucose tolerance, independent of body weight and body composition. Further, poorer changes in cognitive performance following exercise associate with persistent peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States.
| | - Emily R Ekholm
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| | - Chandler E Monroe
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| | - Chapin I Rappaport
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| | - Rocco D Huppert
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| | - Caleb R Anton
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| | - Mia J Ferguson
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
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Trautman ME, Braucher LN, Elliehausen C, Zhu WG, Zelenovskiy E, Green M, Sonsalla MM, Yeh CY, Hornberger TA, Konopka AR, Lamming DW. Resistance exercise protects mice from protein-induced fat accretion. eLife 2023; 12:RP91007. [PMID: 38019262 PMCID: PMC10686620 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-protein (LP) diets extend the lifespan of diverse species and are associated with improved metabolic health in both rodents and humans. Paradoxically, many athletes and bodybuilders consume high-protein (HP) diets and protein supplements, yet are both fit and metabolically healthy. Here, we examine this paradox using weight pulling, a validated progressive resistance exercise training regimen, in mice fed either an LP diet or an isocaloric HP diet. We find that despite having lower food consumption than the LP group, HP-fed mice gain significantly more fat mass than LP-fed mice when not exercising, while weight pulling protected HP-fed mice from this excess fat accretion. The HP diet augmented exercise-induced hypertrophy of the forearm flexor complex, and weight pulling ability increased more rapidly in the exercised HP-fed mice. Surprisingly, exercise did not protect from HP-induced changes in glycemic control. Our results confirm that HP diets can augment muscle hypertrophy and accelerate strength gain induced by resistance exercise without negative effects on fat mass, and also demonstrate that LP diets may be advantageous in the sedentary. Our results highlight the need to consider both dietary composition and activity, not simply calories, when taking a precision nutrition approach to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela E Trautman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin- MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Leah N Braucher
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
| | - Christian Elliehausen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Wenyuan G Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Esther Zelenovskiy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
| | - Madelyn Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
| | - Michelle M Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonUnited States
- Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin- MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonUnited States
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Marcotte GR, Miller MJ, Kunz HE, Ryan ZC, Strub MD, Vanderboom PM, Heppelmann CJ, Chau S, Von Ruff ZD, Kilroe SP, McKeen AT, Dierdorff JM, Stern JI, Nath KA, Grueter CE, Lira VA, Judge AR, Rasmussen BB, Nair KS, Lanza IR, Ebert SM, Adams CM. GADD45A is a mediator of mitochondrial loss, atrophy, and weakness in skeletal muscle. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171772. [PMID: 37815864 PMCID: PMC10721312 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and many illnesses and injuries impair skeletal muscle mass and function, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To better understand the mechanisms, we generated and studied transgenic mice with skeletal muscle-specific expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible α (GADD45A), a signaling protein whose expression in skeletal muscle rises during aging and a wide range of illnesses and injuries. We found that GADD45A induced several cellular changes that are characteristic of skeletal muscle atrophy, including a reduction in skeletal muscle mitochondria and oxidative capacity, selective atrophy of glycolytic muscle fibers, and paradoxical expression of oxidative myosin heavy chains despite mitochondrial loss. These cellular changes were at least partly mediated by MAP kinase kinase kinase 4, a protein kinase that is directly activated by GADD45A. By inducing these changes, GADD45A decreased the mass of muscles that are enriched in glycolytic fibers, and it impaired strength, specific force, and endurance exercise capacity. Furthermore, as predicted by data from mouse models, we found that GADD45A expression in skeletal muscle was associated with muscle weakness in humans. Collectively, these findings identify GADD45A as a mediator of mitochondrial loss, atrophy, and weakness in mouse skeletal muscle and a potential target for muscle weakness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Marcotte
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Matthew J. Miller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hawley E. Kunz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zachary C. Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew D. Strub
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patrick M. Vanderboom
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carrie J. Heppelmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah Chau
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Sean P. Kilroe
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew T. McKeen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | - Karl A. Nath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew R. Judge
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Blake B. Rasmussen
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - K. Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott M. Ebert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher M. Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Pi A, Villivalam SD, Kang S. The Molecular Mechanisms of Fuel Utilization during Exercise. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1450. [PMID: 37998049 PMCID: PMC10669127 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is widely recognized for its positive impact on human health and well-being. The process of utilizing substrates in skeletal muscle during exercise is intricate and governed by complex mechanisms. Carbohydrates and lipids serve as the primary fuel sources for skeletal muscle during exercise. It is now understood that fuel selection during exercise is not solely determined by physical activity itself but is also influenced by the overall metabolic state of the body. The balance between lipid and carbohydrate utilization significantly affects exercise capacity, including endurance, fatigue, and overall performance. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the regulation of substrate utilization during exercise is of utmost importance. The aim of this review is to provide an extensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the pathways involved in the regulation of substrate utilization during exercise. By synthesizing existing research, we can gain a holistic perspective on the intricate relationship between exercise, metabolism, and fuel selection. This advanced understanding has the potential to drive advancements in the field of exercise science and contribute to the development of personalized exercise strategies for individuals looking to optimize their performance and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sona Kang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Pataky MW, Dasari S, Michie KL, Sevits KJ, Kumar AA, Klaus KA, Heppelmann CJ, Robinson MM, Carter RE, Lanza IR, Nair KS. Impact of biological sex and sex hormones on molecular signatures of skeletal muscle at rest and in response to distinct exercise training modes. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1996-2010.e6. [PMID: 37939659 PMCID: PMC10659143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Substantial divergence in cardio-metabolic risk, muscle size, and performance exists between men and women. Considering the pivotal role of skeletal muscle in human physiology, we investigated and found, based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), that differences in the muscle transcriptome between men and women are largely related to testosterone and estradiol and much less related to genes located on the Y chromosome. We demonstrate inherent unique, sex-dependent differences in muscle transcriptional responses to aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training in young and older cohorts. The hormonal changes with age likely explain age-related differential expression of transcripts. Furthermore, in primary human myotubes we demonstrate the profound but distinct effects of testosterone and estradiol on amino acid incorporation to multiple individual proteins with specific functions. These results clearly highlight the potential of designing exercise programs tailored specifically to men and women and have implications for people who change gender by altering their hormone profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kelly L Michie
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyle J Sevits
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Aneesh Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katherine A Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Qiao YS, Blackwell TL, Cawthon PM, Coen PM, Cummings SR, Distefano G, Farsijani S, Forman DE, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, Mau T, Toledo FGS, Newman AB, Glynn NW. Associations of Objective and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Skeletal Muscle Energetics: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.05.23298134. [PMID: 37986749 PMCID: PMC10659463 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.05.23298134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle energetics decline with age, and physical activity (PA) has been shown to counteract these declines in older adults. Yet, many studies were based on self-reported PA or structured exercise interventions. We examined the associations of objective daily PA and sedentary behavior (SB) with skeletal muscle energetics and also compared with self-reported PA and SB. We also explored the extent to which PA would attenuate the associations of age with muscle energetics. Methods Among the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) enrolled older adults, 810 (mean age=76±5, 58% women) had maximal muscle oxidative capacity measured ex vivo via high-resolution respirometry of permeabilized myofibers (maxOXPHOS) and in vivo by 31 Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ATP max ). Objective PA was measured using the wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X over 7-days to capture sedentary behavior (SB), light, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Self-reported SB, MVPA, and all exercise-related PA were assessed with The Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire. Linear regression models with progressive covariate adjustments evaluated the associations between SB, PA and muscle energetics, and the attenuation of the age / muscle energetic association by PA. Results Every 30 minutes more objective MVPA was associated with 0.65 pmol/s*mg higher maxOXPHOS and 0.012 mM/sec higher ATP max , after adjustment for age, site/technician and sex. More time spent in objective light+MVPA was significantly associated with higher ATP max , but not maxOXPHOS. In contrast, every 30 minutes spent in objective SB was associated with 0.43 pmol/s*mg lower maxOXPHOS and 0.004 mM/sec lower ATP max . Only associations with ATP max held after further adjusting for socioeconomic status, body mass index, lifestyle factors and multimorbidities. Self-reported MVPA and all exercise-related activities, but not SB, yielded similar associations with maxOXPHOS and ATP max . Lastly, age was only significantly associated with muscle energetics in men. Adjusting for objective time spent in MVPA attenuated the age association with ATP max by nearly 60% in men. Conclusion More time spent in daily PA, especially MVPA, were associated with higher muscle energetics. Interventions that increase higher intensity activity might offer potential therapeutic interventions to slow the age-related decline in muscle energetics. Our work also emphasizes the importance of taking PA into consideration when evaluating associations related to skeletal muscle energetics.
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48
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Bishop DJ, Hoffman NJ, Taylor DF, Saner NJ, Lee MJC, Hawley JA. Discordant skeletal muscle gene and protein responses to exercise. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:927-936. [PMID: 37709636 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability of skeletal muscle to adapt to repeated contractile stimuli is one of the most intriguing aspects of physiology. The molecular bases underpinning these adaptations involve increased protein activity and/or expression, mediated by an array of pre- and post-transcriptional processes, as well as translational and post-translational control. A longstanding dogma assumes a direct relationship between exercise-induced increases in mRNA levels and subsequent changes in the abundance of the proteins they encode. Drawing on the results of recent studies, we dissect and question the common assumption of a direct relationship between changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome and proteome induced by repeated muscle contractions (e.g., exercise).
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nolan J Hoffman
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dale F Taylor
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew J-C Lee
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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49
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Pengam M, Goanvec C, Moisan C, Simon B, Albacète G, Féray A, Guernec A, Amérand A. Moderate intensity continuous versus high intensity interval training: Metabolic responses of slow and fast skeletal muscles in rat. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292225. [PMID: 37792807 PMCID: PMC10550171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The healthy benefits of regular physical exercise are mainly mediated by the stimulation of oxidative and antioxidant capacities in skeletal muscle. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular responses involved in these processes remain often uncomplete particularly regarding muscle typology. The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two types of exercise training protocol: a moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic processes in two muscles with different typologies: soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Training effects in male Wistar rats were studied from whole organism level (maximal aerobic speed, morphometric and systemic parameters) to muscle level (transcripts, protein contents and enzymatic activities involved in antioxidant defences, aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms). Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: untrained (UNTR), n = 7; MICT, n = 8; and HIIT, n = 8. Rats of the MICT and HIIT groups ran five times a week for six weeks at moderate and high intensity, respectively. HIIT improved more than MICT the endurance performance (a trend to increased maximal aerobic speed, p = 0.07) and oxidative capacities in both muscles, as determined through protein and transcript assays (AMPK-PGC-1α signalling pathway, antioxidant defences, mitochondrial functioning and dynamics). Whatever the training protocol, the genes involved in these processes were largely more significantly upregulated in soleus (slow-twitch fibres) than in EDL (fast-twitch fibres). Solely on the basis of the transcript changes, we conclude that the training protocols tested here lead to specific muscular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Annie Féray
- EA 4324 ORPHY, Université de Brest, Brest, France
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50
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Ruegsegger GN, Pataky MW, Simha S, Robinson MM, Klaus KA, Nair KS. High-intensity aerobic, but not resistance or combined, exercise training improves both cardiometabolic health and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:763-774. [PMID: 37616334 PMCID: PMC10642518 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00405.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how different exercise training modalities influence skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics. Healthy [average body mass index (BMI): 25.8 kg/m2], sedentary younger and older participants underwent 12 wk of supervised high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT; n = 13), resistance training (RT; n = 14), or combined training (CT; n = 11). Mitochondrial structure was assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Regulators of mitochondrial fission and fusion, cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇o2peak), insulin sensitivity via a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and muscle mitochondrial respiration were assessed. TEM showed increased mitochondrial volume, number, and perimeter following HIIT (P < 0.01), increased mitochondrial number following CT (P < 0.05), and no change in mitochondrial abundance after RT. Increased mitochondrial volume associated with increased mitochondrial respiration and insulin sensitivity following HIIT (P < 0.05). Increased mitochondrial perimeter associated with increased mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak following HIIT (P < 0.05). No such relationships were observed following CT or RT. OPA1, a regulator of fusion, was increased following HIIT (P < 0.05), whereas FIS1, a regulator of fission, was decreased following HIIT and CT (P < 0.05). HIIT also increased the ratio of OPA1/FIS1 (P < 0.01), indicative of the balance between fission and fusion, which positively correlated with improvements in respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HIIT induces a larger, more fused mitochondrial tubular network. Changes indicative of increased fusion following HIIT associate with improvements in mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak supporting the idea that enhanced mitochondrial fusion accompanies notable health benefits of HIIT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We assessed the effects of 12 wk of supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training, and combined training (CT) on skeletal muscle mitochondrial abundance and markers of fission and fusion. HIIT increased mitochondrial area and size and promoted protein changes indicative of increased mitochondrial fusion, whereas lessor effects were observed after CT and no changes were observed after RT. Furthermore, increased mitochondrial area and size after HIIT associated with improved mitochondrial respiration, cardiorespiratory fitness, and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mark W Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Suvyaktha Simha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Katherine A Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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