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Huang Y, Wang H, Xu S, Liu J, Zeng Q, Hu J, Bao Z. Identification of structural variation related to spawn capability of Penaeus vannamei. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:934. [PMID: 39370510 PMCID: PMC11457447 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic basis underlying spawning abilities in the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, remains largely unexplored. To investigate genetic variations potentially related to reproductive performance, a systematic bioinformatic analysis was conducted to identify structural variations (SVs) with different polymorphic spectra in P. vannamei with high fertility (HF) and low fertility (LF). RESULTS A total of 2,323 and 1,859 SV events were identified exclusively in the HF and LF groups, respectively. These SVs were mapped to 277 genes in the HF group and 231 genes in the LF group. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis based on SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and SVs revealed several neural-related processes, suggesting the importance of neural regulation in reproduction. Notably, we identified a set of promising genes, including Cttn, Spast, Ppp4c, Spire1, Lhcgr, and Ftz-f1, which may enhance fertility in shrimp. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study is the first to establish a link between SVs and reproductive traits in P. vannamei. The promising genes discovered have the potential to serve as crucial markers for enhancing reproductive traits through targeted genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong/Sanya, Hainan, 266100/572025, China
| | - Hao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong/Sanya, Hainan, 266100/572025, China.
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Hebei Xinhai Aquatic Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Cangzhou, 061101, China
| | - Jinli Liu
- Hebei Xinhai Aquatic Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Cangzhou, 061101, China
| | - Qifan Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong/Sanya, Hainan, 266100/572025, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong/Sanya, Hainan, 266100/572025, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong/Sanya, Hainan, 266100/572025, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
- Hebei Xinhai Aquatic Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Cangzhou, 061101, China
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2
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Li WJ, Li RY, Wang DY, Shen M, Liu HL. CXCR3 participates in asymmetric division of mouse oocytes by modulating actin dynamics. Theriogenology 2024; 225:43-54. [PMID: 38788628 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the role of CXCR3 in immune responses and inflammation. However, the role of CXCR3 in the reproductive system, particularly in oocyte development, remains unknown. In this study, we present findings on the involvement of CXCR3 in the meiotic division process of mouse oocytes. We found CXCR3 was expressed consistently throughout the entire maturation process of mouse oocyte. Inhibition of CXCR3 impaired the asymmetric division of oocyte, while the injection of Cxcr3 mRNA was capable of restoring these defects. Further study showed that inhibition of CXCR3 perturbed spindle migration by affecting LIMK/cofilin pathway-mediated actin remodeling. Knockout of CXCR3 led to an upregulation of actin-binding protein and an increased ATP level in GV-stage oocytes, while maintaining normal actin dynamics during the process of meiosis. Additionally, we noticed the expression level of DYNLT1 is markedly elevated in CXCR3-null oocytes. DYNLT1 bound with the Arp2/3 complex, and knockdown of DYNLT1 in CXCR3-null oocytes impaired the organization of cytoplasmic actin, suggesting the regulatory role of DYNLT1 in actin organization, and the compensatory expression of DYNLT1 may contribute to maintain normal actin dynamics in CXCR3-knockout oocytes. In summary, our findings provide insights into the intricate network of actin dynamics associated with CXCR3 during oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong-Yang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Da-Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hong-Lin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Marteil G, Metchat A, Dollet S, Cugnot C, Chaput L, Pereira B, Gremeau AS, Brugnon F. Vitrification of Human Oocytes Before or After Rescue-IVM Does not Impair Maturation Kinetics but Induces Meiotic Spindle Alterations. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:2625-2636. [PMID: 38773027 PMCID: PMC11392996 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of in vitro matured oocytes is still considered as an experimental alternative to mature oocyte vitrification after ovarian stimulation. Here, we investigated whether rescue-IVM should be performed before or after vitrification. For this, 101 immature oocytes (germinal vesicle stage) from women undergoing ICSI were used. Oocytes were divided into three groups: freshly in vitro matured oocytes (IVM), freshly in vitro matured oocytes subsequently vitrified (IVM + VIT) and vitrified/warmed GV oocytes then in vitro matured (VIT + IVM). Oocyte maturation rates and kinetics were assessed using time-lapse technology. Spindle dimensions and polarity, chromosome alignment and cytoplasmic F-actin filament length and density were determined using confocal microscopy and quantitative image analyses. No differences in IVM rates (fresh IVM: 63.16% and IVM post-VIT: 59.38%, p = 0.72) and timings (17.73 h in fresh IVM, 17.33 h in IVM post-VIT, p = 0.72) were observed whether IVM is performed freshly or after vitrification. Meiotic spindles were shorter in VIT + IVM (10.47 µm vs 11.23 µm in IVM and 11.40 µm in IVM + VIT, p = 0.012 and p = 0.043) and wider in IVM + VIT (9.37 µm vs 8.12 µm in IVM and 8.16 µm VIT + IVM, p = 0.027 and p = 0.026). The length-to-width ratio was lower in vitrified groups (IVM + VIT: 1.19 and VIT + IVM: 1.26) compared to IVM (1.38), p = 0.013 and p = 0.014. No differences in multipolar spindle and chromosome misalignment occurrence and cytoplasmic F-actin filament length and density were observed between groups. Our results suggest vitrification before or after rescue-IVM does not seem to impair maturation rates and kinetics parameters but induces meiotic spindle alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Marteil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire Et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | | | - Sandra Dollet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire Et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Camille Cugnot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire Et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laure Chaput
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire Et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Assistance Médicale À La Procréation, CECOS, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Délégation À La Recherche Clinique Et À L'Innovation, CHU Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne Sophie Gremeau
- Assistance Médicale À La Procréation, CECOS, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Brugnon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire Et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Assistance Médicale À La Procréation, CECOS, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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4
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Flormann DAD, Kainka L, Montalvo G, Anton C, Rheinlaender J, Thalla D, Vesperini D, Pohland MO, Kaub KH, Schu M, Pezzano F, Ruprecht V, Terriac E, Hawkins RJ, Lautenschläger F. The structure and mechanics of the cell cortex depend on the location and adhesion state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320372121. [PMID: 39042691 PMCID: PMC11295003 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320372121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells exist in different phenotypes and can transition between them. A phenotype may be characterized by many different aspects. Here, we focus on the example of whether the cell is adhered or suspended and choose particular parameters related to the structure and mechanics of the actin cortex. The cortex is essential to cell mechanics, morphology, and function, such as for adhesion, migration, and division of animal cells. To predict and control cellular functions and prevent malfunctioning, it is necessary to understand the actin cortex. The structure of the cortex governs cell mechanics; however, the relationship between the architecture and mechanics of the cortex is not yet well enough understood to be able to predict one from the other. Therefore, we quantitatively measured structural and mechanical cortex parameters, including cortical thickness, cortex mesh size, actin bundling, and cortex stiffness. These measurements required developing a combination of measurement techniques in scanning electron, expansion, confocal, and atomic force microscopy. We found that the structure and mechanics of the cortex of cells in interphase are different depending on whether the cell is suspended or adhered. We deduced general correlations between structural and mechanical properties and show how these findings can be explained within the framework of semiflexible polymer network theory. We tested the model predictions by perturbing the properties of the actin within the cortex using compounds. Our work provides an important step toward predictions of cell mechanics from cortical structures and suggests how cortex remodeling between different phenotypes impacts the mechanical properties of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. D. Flormann
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - L. Kainka
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - G. Montalvo
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - C. Anton
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - J. Rheinlaender
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
| | - D. Thalla
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - D. Vesperini
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - M. O. Pohland
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - K. H. Kaub
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - M. Schu
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - F. Pezzano
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - V. Ruprecht
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona08002, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona08010, Spain
| | - E. Terriac
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - R. J. Hawkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS3 7RH, United Kingdom
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Accra20046, Ghana
| | - F. Lautenschläger
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
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5
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Aquino-Perez C, Safaralizade M, Podhajecky R, Wang H, Lansky Z, Grosse R, Macurek L. FAM110A promotes mitotic spindle formation by linking microtubules with actin cytoskeleton. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321647121. [PMID: 38995965 PMCID: PMC11260166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321647121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise segregation of chromosomes during mitosis requires assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle followed by correct attachment of microtubules to the kinetochores. This highly spatiotemporally organized process is controlled by various mitotic kinases and molecular motors. We have recently shown that Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) promotes timely progression through mitosis by phosphorylating FAM110A leading to its enrichment at spindle poles. However, the mechanism by which FAM110A exerts its function in mitosis is unknown. Using structure prediction and a set of deletion mutants, we mapped here the interaction of the N- and C-terminal domains of FAM110A with actin and tubulin, respectively. Next, we found that the FAM110A-Δ40-61 mutant deficient in actin binding failed to rescue defects in chromosomal alignment caused by depletion of endogenous FAM110A. Depletion of FAM110A impaired assembly of F-actin in the proximity of spindle poles and was rescued by expression of the wild-type FAM110A, but not the FAM110A-Δ40-61 mutant. Purified FAM110A promoted binding of F-actin to microtubules as well as bundling of actin filaments in vitro. Finally, we found that the inhibition of CK1 impaired spindle actin formation and delayed progression through mitosis. We propose that CK1 and FAM110A promote timely progression through mitosis by mediating the interaction between spindle microtubules and filamentous actin to ensure proper mitotic spindle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Aquino-Perez
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, PragueCZ14220, Czech Republic
| | - Mahira Safaralizade
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Roman Podhajecky
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Biocev, VestecCZ25250, Czech Republic
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Zdenek Lansky
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Biocev, VestecCZ25250, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Libor Macurek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, PragueCZ14220, Czech Republic
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6
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Zhang J, Tian Y, Xu X, Wang B, Huang Z, Song K, Lou S, Kang J, Zhang N, Li J, Weng J, Liang Y, Ma W. PLD1 promotes spindle assembly and migration through regulating autophagy in mouse oocyte meiosis. Autophagy 2024; 20:1616-1638. [PMID: 38513669 PMCID: PMC11210919 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2333164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PLD1 has been implicated in cytoskeletal reorganization and vesicle trafficking in somatic cells; however, its function remains unclear in oocyte meiosis. Herein, we found PLD1 stably expresses in mouse oocytes meiosis, with direct interaction with spindle, RAB11A+ vesicles and macroautophagic/autophagic vacuoles. The genetic or chemical inhibition of PLD1 disturbed MTOC clustering, spindle assembly and its cortical migration, also decreased PtdIns(4,5)P2, phosphorylated CFL1 (p-CFL1 [Ser3]) and ACTR2, and their local distribution on MTOC, spindle and vesicles. Furthermore in PLD1-suppressed oocytes, vesicle size was significantly reduced while F-actin density was dramatically increased in the cytoplasm, the asymmetric distribution of autophagic vacuoles was broken and the whole autophagic process was substantially enhanced, as illustrated with characteristic changes in autophagosomes, autolysosome formation and levels of ATG5, BECN1, LC3-II, SQSTM1 and UB. Exogenous administration of PtdIns(4,5)P2 or overexpression of CFL1 hyperphosphorylation mutant (CFL1S3E) could significantly improve polar MTOC focusing and spindle structure in PLD1-depleted oocytes, whereas overexpression of ACTR2 could rescue not only MTOC clustering, and spindle assembly but also its asymmetric positioning. Interestingly, autophagy activation induced similar defects in spindle structure and positioning; instead, its inhibition alleviated the alterations in PLD1-depleted oocytes, and this was highly attributed to the restored levels of PtdIns(4,5)P2, ACTR2 and p-CFL1 (Ser3). Together, PLD1 promotes spindle assembly and migration in oocyte meiosis, by maintaining rational levels of ACTR2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 and p-CFL1 (Ser3) in a manner of modulating autophagy flux. This study for the first time introduces a unique perspective on autophagic activity and function in oocyte meiotic development.Abbreviations: ACTR2/ARP2: actin related protein 2; ACTR3/ARP3: actin related protein 3; ATG5: autophagy related 5; Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; BFA: brefeldin A; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GOLGA2/GM130: golgin A2; GV: germinal vesicle; GVBD: germinal vesicle breakdown; IVM: in vitro maturation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MI: metaphase of meiosis I; MII: metaphase of meiosis II; MO: morpholino; MTOC: microtubule-organizing center; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PB1: first polar body; PLA: proximity ligation assay; PLD1: phospholipase D1; PtdIns(4,5)P2/PIP2: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; RAB11A: RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family; RPS6KB1/S6K1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBA/α-tubulin: tubulin alpha; TUBG/γ-tubulin: tubulin gamma; UB: ubiquitin; WASL/N-WASP: WASP like actin nucleation promoting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bicheng Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Lou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Kang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Weng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjing Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Verlhac MH. Exploring the maternal inheritance transmitted by the oocyte to its progeny. C R Biol 2024; 347:45-52. [PMID: 38888193 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Fertility is declining worldwide and many couples are turning towards assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to conceive babies. Organisms that propagate via sexual reproduction often come from the fusion between two gametes, an oocyte and a sperm, whose qualities seem to be decreasing in the human species. Interestingly, while the sperm mostly transmits its haploid genome, the oocyte transmits not only its haploid set of chromosomes but also its huge cytoplasm to its progeny. This is what can be defined as the maternal inheritance composed of chromosomes, organelles, lipids, metabolites, proteins and RNAs. To decipher the decline in oocyte quality, it is essential to explore the nature of the maternal inheritance, and therefore study the last stages of murine oogenesis, namely the end of oocyte growth followed by the two meiotic divisions. These divisions are extremely asymmetric in terms of the size of the daughter cells, allowing to preserve the maternal inheritance accumulated during oocyte growth within these huge cells to support early embryo development. Studies performed in Marie-Hélène Verlhac's lab have allowed to discover the unprecedented impact of original acto-myosin based mechanisms in the constitution as well as the preservation of this maternal inheritance and the consequences when these processes go awry.
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Nikalayevich E, Letort G, de Labbey G, Todisco E, Shihabi A, Turlier H, Voituriez R, Yahiatene M, Pollet-Villard X, Innocenti M, Schuh M, Terret ME, Verlhac MH. Aberrant cortex contractions impact mammalian oocyte quality. Dev Cell 2024; 59:841-852.e7. [PMID: 38387459 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The cortex controls cell shape. In mouse oocytes, the cortex thickens in an Arp2/3-complex-dependent manner, ensuring chromosome positioning and segregation. Surprisingly, we identify that mouse oocytes lacking the Arp2/3 complex undergo cortical actin remodeling upon division, followed by cortical contractions that are unprecedented in mammalian oocytes. Using genetics, imaging, and machine learning, we show that these contractions stir the cytoplasm, resulting in impaired organelle organization and activity. Oocyte capacity to avoid polyspermy is impacted, leading to a reduced female fertility. We could diminish contractions and rescue cytoplasmic anomalies. Similar contractions were observed in human oocytes collected as byproducts during IVF (in vitro fertilization) procedures. These contractions correlate with increased cytoplasmic motion, but not with defects in spindle assembly or aneuploidy in mice or humans. Our study highlights a multiscale effect connecting cortical F-actin, contractions, and cytoplasmic organization and affecting oocyte quality, with implications for female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Nikalayevich
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Letort
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ghislain de Labbey
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elena Todisco
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Shihabi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Turlier
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée (LPTMC), Laboratoire Jean Perrin, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Yahiatene
- Centre Assistance Médicale à la Procréation Nataliance, Groupe Mlab, Pôle Santé Oréliance, Saran, France
| | - Xavier Pollet-Villard
- Centre Assistance Médicale à la Procréation Nataliance, Groupe Mlab, Pôle Santé Oréliance, Saran, France
| | - Metello Innocenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Melina Schuh
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marie-Emilie Terret
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène Verlhac
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, 75005 Paris, France.
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9
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Peng L, He Y, Wang W, Dai J, Li Q, Ju S. PAK1-Dependent Regulation of Microtubule Organization and Spindle Migration Is Essential for the Metaphase I-Metaphase II Transition in Porcine Oocytes. Biomolecules 2024; 14:237. [PMID: 38397472 PMCID: PMC10886677 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a critical downstream target that mediates the effect of small Rho GTPase on the regulation of cytoskeletal kinetics, cell proliferation, and cell migration. PAK1 has been identified as a crucial regulator of spindle assembly during the first meiotic division; however, its roles during the metaphase I (MI) to metaphase II (MII) transition in oocytes remain unclear. In the present study, the potential function of PAK1 in regulating microtubule organization and spindle positioning during the MI-MII transition was addressed in porcine oocytes. The results showed that activated PAK1 was co-localized with α-tubulin, and its expression was increased from the MI to MII stage (p < 0.001). However, inhibiting PAK1 activity with an inhibitor targeting PAK1 activation-3 (IPA-3) at the MI stage decreased the first polar body (PB1) extrusion rate (p < 0.05), with most oocytes arrested at the anaphase-telophase (ATI) stage. IPA-3-treated oocytes displayed a decrease in actin distribution in the plasma membrane (p < 0.001) and an increase in the rate of defects in MII spindle reassembly with abnormal spindle positioning (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, these adverse effects of IPA-3 on oocytes were reversed when the disulfide bond between PAK1 and IPA-3 was reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT). Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that PAK1 could recruit activated Aurora A and transform acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) to regulate spindle assembly and interact with LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) to facilitate actin filament-mediated spindle migration. Together, PAK1 is essential for microtubule organization and spindle migration during the MI-MII transition in porcine oocytes, which is associated with the activity of p-Aurora A, p-TACC3 and p-LIMK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.P.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Yijing He
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.P.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Weihan Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.P.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Jianjun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China;
| | - Qiao Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.P.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Shiqiang Ju
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.P.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
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10
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Horakova A, Konecna M, Anger M. Chromosome Division in Early Embryos-Is Everything under Control? And Is the Cell Size Important? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2101. [PMID: 38396778 PMCID: PMC10889803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation in female germ cells and early embryonic blastomeres is known to be highly prone to errors. The resulting aneuploidy is therefore the most frequent cause of termination of early development and embryo loss in mammals. And in specific cases, when the aneuploidy is actually compatible with embryonic and fetal development, it leads to severe developmental disorders. The main surveillance mechanism, which is essential for the fidelity of chromosome segregation, is the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). And although all eukaryotic cells carry genes required for SAC, it is not clear whether this pathway is active in all cell types, including blastomeres of early embryos. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling chromosome segregation and how they might work in embryos and mammalian embryos in particular. Our conclusion from the current literature is that the early mammalian embryos show limited capabilities to react to chromosome segregation defects, which might, at least partially, explain the widespread problem of aneuploidy during the early development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Horakova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Konecna
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anger
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
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11
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Leem J, Lee C, Choi DY, Oh JS. Distinct characteristics of the DNA damage response in mammalian oocytes. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:319-328. [PMID: 38355825 PMCID: PMC10907590 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a critical threat that poses significant challenges to all cells. To address this issue, cells have evolved a sophisticated molecular and cellular process known as the DNA damage response (DDR). Among the various cell types, mammalian oocytes, which remain dormant in the ovary for extended periods, are particularly susceptible to DNA damage. The occurrence of DNA damage in oocytes can result in genetic abnormalities, potentially leading to infertility, birth defects, and even abortion. Therefore, understanding how oocytes detect and repair DNA damage is of paramount importance in maintaining oocyte quality and preserving fertility. Although the fundamental concept of the DDR is conserved across various cell types, an emerging body of evidence reveals striking distinctions in the DDR between mammalian oocytes and somatic cells. In this review, we highlight the distinctive characteristics of the DDR in oocytes and discuss the clinical implications of DNA damage in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Leem
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Crystal Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Da Yi Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
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12
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Wood BW, Shi X, Weil TT. F-actin coordinates spindle morphology and function in Drosophila meiosis. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011111. [PMID: 38206959 PMCID: PMC10807755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a highly conserved feature of sexual reproduction that ensures germ cells have the correct number of chromosomes prior to fertilization. A subset of microtubules, known as the spindle, are essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis. Building evidence in mammalian systems has recently highlighted the unexpected requirement of the actin cytoskeleton in chromosome segregation; a network of spindle actin filaments appear to regulate many aspects of this process. Here we show that Drosophila oocytes also have a spindle population of actin that appears to regulate the formation of the microtubule spindle and chromosomal movements throughout meiosis. We demonstrate that genetic and pharmacological disruption of the actin cytoskeleton has a significant impact on spindle morphology, dynamics, and chromosome alignment and segregation during maturation and the metaphase-anaphase transition. We further reveal a role for calcium in maintaining the microtubule spindle and spindle actin. Together, our data highlights potential conservation of morphology and mechanism of the spindle actin during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xingzhu Shi
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy T. Weil
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Yu L, Kong N, Lin Y, Qiu P, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Zhen X, Yan G, Sun H, Mei J, Cao G. NUSAP1 regulates mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1931-1947. [PMID: 37992207 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The correct assembly of the spindle apparatus directly regulates the precise separation of chromosomes in mouse oocytes, which is crucial for obtaining high-quality oocytes capable of successful fertilization. The localization, assembly, migration, and disassembly of the spindle are regulated by a series of spindle-associated proteins, which exhibit unique expression level variations and specific localization in oocytes. Proteomic analysis revealed that among many representative spindle-associated proteins, the expression level of nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) significantly increased after meiotic resumption, with a magnitude of change higher than that of other proteins. However, the role of NUSAP1 during oocyte meiosis maturation has not been reported. Here, we report that NUSAP1 is distributed within the cell nucleus during the germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes with non-surrounded nucleolus stage and is not enriched in the nucleus during the GV-surrounded nucleolus stage. Interestingly, NUSAP1 forms distinct granular aggregates near the spindle poles during the prophase of the first meiotic division (Pro-MI), metaphase I, and anaphase I/telophase I stages. Nusap1 depletion leads to chromosome misalignment, increased aneuploidy, and abnormal spindle assembly, particularly a decrease in spindle pole width. Correspondingly, RNA-seq analysis revealed significant suppression of the "establishment of spindle orientation" signaling pathway. Additionally, the attenuation of F-actin in NUSAP1-deficient oocytes may affect the asymmetric division process. Gene ontology analysis of NUSAP1 interactomes, identified through mass spectrometry here, revealed significant enrichment for RNA binding. As an RNA-binding protein, NUSAP1 is likely involved in the regulation of messenger RNA homeostasis by influencing the dynamics of processing (P)-body components. Overall, our results demonstrate the critical importance of precise regulation of NUSAP1 expression levels and protein localization for maintaining mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Panpan Qiu
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhen
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guijun Yan
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyi Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Wang W, Zhang D, Sun L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation reverses the declining quality of oocytes exposed to cyclophosphamide. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114090. [PMID: 37838213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CY) is a chemotherapeutic drug that is commonly used to treat malignancies of the ovary, breast, and hematology, as well as autoimmune disorders. As a cofactor of mitochondrial multienzyme complexes, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is well known for its antioxidant characteristics, which operate directly on the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and indirectly on the intracellular recycling of other antioxidants. However, the underlying mechanisms through which CY exerts its toxic effects on meiosis and oocyte quality, as well as a viable approach for protecting oocyte quality and preserving fertility, remain unknown. In present study, immunostaining and fluorescence intensity quantification were applied to assess the effects of CY and ALA supplementation on the key processes during the oocyte meiotic maturation. Our results show that supplementing oocytes with ALA, a well-known antioxidant and free radical scavenger, can reverse CY-induced oocyte meiotic maturation failure. Specifically, we found that CY exposure caused oocyte meiotic failure by disrupting meiotic organelle dynamics and arrangement, as well as a prominently impaired cytoskeleton assembly. In addition, CY caused an abnormal distribution of mitochondrion and cortical granules, two indicators of oocyte cytoplasmic maturation. More importantly, we show that ALA supplementation effectively reverses CY-induced meiotic failure and oocyte quality decline by suppressing oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in oocytes. Collectively, our data reveal that ALA supplementation is a feasible approach to protect oocytes from CY-exposed deterioration, providing a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced meiotic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of WanBei Coal Group, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yongteng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Mianqun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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15
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Xu X, Jiang X, Song K, Zhang J, Tian Y, Chen Y, Weng J, Liang Y, Ma W. Stable expression and multi-site location of Odf2 in mouse oocytes, sperm and early embryos. Ann Anat 2023; 250:152126. [PMID: 37364712 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, centriole is degenerated during early oogenesis, but it is still not known about the expression and function of centriolar structural components in oocyte meiosis. Here we found that Odf2 (outer dense fiber of sperm tails 2), a key centriolar appendage protein, was stably expressed in mouse oocytes during meiotic progression. Distinct from its single location at centrosomes in somatic mitosis, Odf2 was multiply located at microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), chromosome centromeres and vesicles in oocyte meiosis. In addition, the vesicle-associated Odf2 disappeared in oocytes treated with the vesicle inhibitor Brefeldin A. Odf2 was mainly co-localized with the mitochondrial sheath in the sperm tail and presented as double spots, similar to γ-tubulin, in the sperm neck region. After fertilization, Odf2 remained on vesicles in embryos from 1-cell to 4-cell stage but was only detected on centrosomes at blastocyst stage. Taken together, Odf2 is expressed precisely in mouse oocytes even in the absence of intact centriole structure, and may regulate oocyte spindle assembly and positioning, additionally, the sperm motility and early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiuying Jiang
- Division of Sport Anatomy, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Weng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuanjing Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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16
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Shamipour S, Hofmann L, Steccari I, Kardos R, Heisenberg CP. Yolk granule fusion and microtubule aster formation regulate cortical granule translocation and exocytosis in zebrafish oocytes. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002146. [PMID: 37289834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic reorganization of the cytoplasm is key to many core cellular processes, such as cell division, cell migration, and cell polarization. Cytoskeletal rearrangements are thought to constitute the main drivers of cytoplasmic flows and reorganization. In contrast, remarkably little is known about how dynamic changes in size and shape of cell organelles affect cytoplasmic organization. Here, we show that within the maturing zebrafish oocyte, the surface localization of exocytosis-competent cortical granules (Cgs) upon germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) is achieved by the combined activities of yolk granule (Yg) fusion and microtubule aster formation and translocation. We find that Cgs are moved towards the oocyte surface through radially outward cytoplasmic flows induced by Ygs fusing and compacting towards the oocyte center in response to GVBD. We further show that vesicles decorated with the small Rab GTPase Rab11, a master regulator of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis, accumulate together with Cgs at the oocyte surface. This accumulation is achieved by Rab11-positive vesicles being transported by acentrosomal microtubule asters, the formation of which is induced by the release of CyclinB/Cdk1 upon GVBD, and which display a net movement towards the oocyte surface by preferentially binding to the oocyte actin cortex. We finally demonstrate that the decoration of Cgs by Rab11 at the oocyte surface is needed for Cg exocytosis and subsequent chorion elevation, a process central in egg activation. Collectively, these findings unravel a yet unrecognized role of organelle fusion, functioning together with cytoskeletal rearrangements, in orchestrating cytoplasmic organization during oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Shamipour
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Hofmann
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Irene Steccari
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Roland Kardos
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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17
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Crozet F, Letort G, Bulteau R, Da Silva C, Eichmuller A, Tortorelli AF, Blévinal J, Belle M, Dumont J, Piolot T, Dauphin A, Coulpier F, Chédotal A, Maître JL, Verlhac MH, Clarke HJ, Terret ME. Filopodia-like protrusions of adjacent somatic cells shape the developmental potential of oocytes. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301963. [PMID: 36944420 PMCID: PMC10029974 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The oocyte must grow and mature before fertilization, thanks to a close dialogue with the somatic cells that surround it. Part of this communication is through filopodia-like protrusions, called transzonal projections (TZPs), sent by the somatic cells to the oocyte membrane. To investigate the contribution of TZPs to oocyte quality, we impaired their structure by generating a full knockout mouse of the TZP structural component myosin-X (MYO10). Using spinning disk and super-resolution microscopy combined with a machine-learning approach to phenotype oocyte morphology, we show that the lack of Myo10 decreases TZP density during oocyte growth. Reduction in TZPs does not prevent oocyte growth but impairs oocyte-matrix integrity. Importantly, we reveal by transcriptomic analysis that gene expression is altered in TZP-deprived oocytes and that oocyte maturation and subsequent early embryonic development are partially affected, effectively reducing mouse fertility. We propose that TZPs play a role in the structural integrity of the germline-somatic complex, which is essential for regulating gene expression in the oocyte and thus its developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Crozet
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Letort
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rose Bulteau
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Da Silva
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Eichmuller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Anna Francesca Tortorelli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | | | - Morgane Belle
- Institut de la Vision, UMRS968/UMR7210/UM80, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dumont
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Piolot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Dauphin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Coulpier
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Institut de la Vision, UMRS968/UMR7210/UM80, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Verlhac
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Hugh J Clarke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Emilie Terret
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
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18
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Jain I, Rao M, Tran PT. Reliable and robust control of nucleus centering is contingent on nonequilibrium force patterns. iScience 2023; 26:106665. [PMID: 37182105 PMCID: PMC10173738 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell centers their division apparatus to ensure symmetric cell division, a challenging task when the governing dynamics is stochastic. Using fission yeast, we show that the patterning of nonequilibrium polymerization forces of microtubule (MT) bundles controls the precise localization of spindle pole body (SPB), and hence the division septum, at the onset of mitosis. We define two cellular objectives, reliability, the mean SPB position relative to the geometric center, and robustness, the variance of the SPB position, which are sensitive to genetic perturbations that change cell length, MT bundle number/orientation, and MT dynamics. We show that simultaneous control of reliability and robustness is required to minimize septum positioning error achieved by the wild type (WT). A stochastic model for the MT-based nucleus centering, with parameters measured directly or estimated using Bayesian inference, recapitulates the maximum fidelity of WT. Using this, we perform a sensitivity analysis of the parameters that control nuclear centering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishutesh Jain
- Institut Curie, PSL Universite, Sorbonne Universite, CNRS UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences - TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Madan Rao
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences - TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Phong T. Tran
- Institut Curie, PSL Universite, Sorbonne Universite, CNRS UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding author
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19
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Nikalayevich E, Terret ME. Meiosis: Actin and microtubule networks drive chromosome clustering in oocytes. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R272-R274. [PMID: 37040710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Actin and microtubule networks in human and porcine oocytes sequentially gather chromosomes in a cluster shortly after nuclear envelope breakdown to ensure their complete capture by the meiotic spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Nikalayevich
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | - Marie-Emilie Terret
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
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20
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Akera T. Tubulin post-translational modifications in meiosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 137:38-45. [PMID: 34836784 PMCID: PMC9124733 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haploid gametes are produced from diploid parents through meiosis, a process inherent to all sexually reproducing eukaryotes. Faithful chromosome segregation in meiosis is essential for reproductive success, although it is less clear how the meiotic spindle achieves this compared to the mitotic spindle. It is becoming increasingly clear that tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) play critical roles in regulating microtubule functions in many biological processes, and meiosis is no exception. Here, I review recent advances in the understanding of tubulin PTMs in meiotic spindles, especially focusing on their roles in spindle integrity, oocyte aging, and non-Mendelian transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akera
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
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21
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Campellone KG, Lebek NM, King VL. Branching out in different directions: Emerging cellular functions for the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family actin nucleation factors. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151301. [PMID: 36907023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton impacts practically every function of a eukaryotic cell. Historically, the best-characterized cytoskeletal activities are in cell morphogenesis, motility, and division. The structural and dynamic properties of the actin cytoskeleton are also crucial for establishing, maintaining, and changing the organization of membrane-bound organelles and other intracellular structures. Such activities are important in nearly all animal cells and tissues, although distinct anatomical regions and physiological systems rely on different regulatory factors. Recent work indicates that the Arp2/3 complex, a broadly expressed actin nucleator, drives actin assembly during several intracellular stress response pathways. These newly described Arp2/3-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements are coordinated by members of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family of actin nucleation-promoting factors. Thus, the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family proteins are emerging as crucial players in cytoplasmic and nuclear activities including autophagy, apoptosis, chromatin dynamics, and DNA repair. Characterizations of the functions of the actin assembly machinery in such stress response mechanisms are advancing our understanding of both normal and pathogenic processes, and hold great promise for providing insights into organismal development and interventions for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Nadine M Lebek
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Virginia L King
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
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22
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Yuen WS, Zhang QH, Bourdais A, Adhikari D, Halet G, Carroll J. Polo-like kinase 1 promotes Cdc42-induced actin polymerization for asymmetric division in oocytes. Open Biol 2023; 13:220326. [PMID: 36883283 PMCID: PMC9993042 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase I (Plk1) is a highly conserved seronine/threonine kinase essential in meiosis and mitosis for spindle formation and cytokinesis. Here, through temporal application of Plk1 inhibitors, we identify a new role for Plk1 in the establishment of cortical polarity essential for highly asymmetric cell divisions of oocyte meiosis. Application of Plk1 inhibitors in late metaphase I abolishes pPlk1 from spindle poles and prevents the induction of actin polymerization at the cortex through inhibition of local recruitment of Cdc42 and Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP). By contrast, an already established polar actin cortex is insensitive to Plk1 inhibitors, but if the polar cortex is first depolymerized, Plk1 inhibitors completely prevent its restoration. Thus, Plk1 is essential for establishment but not maintenance of cortical actin polarity. These findings indicate that Plk1 regulates recruitment of Cdc42 and N-Wasp to coordinate cortical polarity and asymmetric cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Shan Yuen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qing Hua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Anne Bourdais
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Guillaume Halet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - John Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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23
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Feng J, Soto‐Moreno EJ, Prakash A, Balboula AZ, Qiao H. Adverse PFAS effects on mouse oocyte in vitro maturation are associated with carbon-chain length and inclusion of a sulfonate group. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13353. [PMID: 36305033 PMCID: PMC9890540 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made chemicals that are widely used in various products. PFAS are characterized by their fluorinated carbon chains that make them hard to degrade and bioaccumulate in human and animals. Toxicological studies have shown PFAS toxic effects: cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. However, it is still unclear how the structures of PFAS, such as carbon-chain length and functional groups, determine their reproductive toxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS By using a mouse-oocyte-in-vitro-maturation (IVM) system, we found the toxicity of two major categories of PFAS, perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid (PFSA), is elevated with increasing carbon-chain length and the inclusion of the sulfonate group. Specifically, at 600 μM, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) reduced the rates of both germinal-vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and polar-body extrusion (PBE) as well as enlarged polar bodies. However, the shorter PFSA, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), and all PFCA did not show similar adverse cytotoxicity. Further, we found that 600 μM PFHxS and PFOS exposure induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Cytoskeleton analysis revealed that PFHxS and PFOS exposure induced chromosome misalignment, abnormal F-actin organization, elongated spindle formation, and symmetric division in the treated oocytes. These meiotic defects compromised oocyte developmental competence after parthenogenetic activation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new information on the structure-toxicity relationship of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Feng
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignUrbanaUSA
| | | | - Aashna Prakash
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignUrbanaUSA
| | - Ahmed Z. Balboula
- Division of Animal SciencesUniversity of MissouriMissouriColumbiaUSA
| | - Huanyu Qiao
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignUrbanaUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignUrbanaUSA
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24
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Genomic instability caused by Arp2/3 complex inactivation results in micronucleus biogenesis and cellular senescence. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010045. [PMID: 36706133 PMCID: PMC9907832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex is an actin nucleator with well-characterized activities in cell morphogenesis and movement, but its roles in nuclear processes are relatively understudied. We investigated how the Arp2/3 complex affects genomic integrity and cell cycle progression using mouse fibroblasts containing an inducible knockout (iKO) of the ArpC2 subunit. We show that permanent Arp2/3 complex ablation results in DNA damage, the formation of cytosolic micronuclei, and cellular senescence. Micronuclei arise in ArpC2 iKO cells due to chromatin segregation defects during mitosis and premature mitotic exits. Such phenotypes are explained by the presence of damaged DNA fragments that fail to attach to the mitotic spindle, abnormalities in actin assembly during metaphase, and asymmetric microtubule architecture during anaphase. In the nuclei of Arp2/3-depleted cells, the tumor suppressor p53 is activated and the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a/p21 mediates a G1 arrest. In the cytosol, micronuclei are recognized by the DNA sensor cGAS, which is important for stimulating a STING- and IRF3-associated interferon response. These studies establish functional requirements for the mammalian Arp2/3 complex in mitotic spindle organization and genome stability. They also expand our understanding of the mechanisms leading to senescence and suggest that cytoskeletal dysfunction is an underlying factor in biological aging.
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25
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Charalambous C, Webster A, Schuh M. Aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes and the impact of maternal ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:27-44. [PMID: 36068367 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During fertilization, the egg and the sperm are supposed to contribute precisely one copy of each chromosome to the embryo. However, human eggs frequently contain an incorrect number of chromosomes - a condition termed aneuploidy, which is much more prevalent in eggs than in either sperm or in most somatic cells. In turn, aneuploidy in eggs is a leading cause of infertility, miscarriage and congenital syndromes. Aneuploidy arises as a consequence of aberrant meiosis during egg development from its progenitor cell, the oocyte. In human oocytes, chromosomes often segregate incorrectly. Chromosome segregation errors increase in women from their mid-thirties, leading to even higher levels of aneuploidy in eggs from women of advanced maternal age, ultimately causing age-related infertility. Here, we cover the two main areas that contribute to aneuploidy: (1) factors that influence the fidelity of chromosome segregation in eggs of women from all ages and (2) factors that change in response to reproductive ageing. Recent discoveries reveal new error-causing pathways and present a framework for therapeutic strategies to extend the span of female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Charalambous
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandre Webster
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melina Schuh
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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26
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Dunkley S, Scheffler K, Mogessie B. Cytoskeletal form and function in mammalian oocytes and zygotes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102073. [PMID: 35364486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons of mammalian oocytes and zygotes exist in distinct forms at various subcellular locations. This enables each cytoskeletal system to perform vastly different functions in time and space within the same cell. In recent years, key discovery enabling tools including light-sensitive microscopy assays have helped to illuminate cytoskeletal form and function in female reproductive cell biology. New findings include unexpected participation of F-actin in oocyte chromosome segregation, oocyte specific modes of spindle self-organization as well as existence of nuclear actin polymers whose functions are only starting to emerge. Functional actin-microtubule interactions have also been identified as an important feature that supports mammalian embryo development. Other advances have revealed reproductive age-related changes in chromosome structure and dynamics that predispose mammalian eggs to aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Dunkley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Binyam Mogessie
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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27
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Du X, Li J, Zhuan Q, Zhang L, Meng L, Ren P, Huang X, Bai J, Wan P, Sun W, Hou Y, Zhu S, Fu X. Artificially Increasing Cortical Tension Improves Mouse Oocytes Development by Attenuating Meiotic Defects During Vitrification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876259. [PMID: 35399525 PMCID: PMC8987233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte cryopreservation demonstrates great benefits in the conservation of animal germplasm resources and assisted reproductive technology. However, vitrification causes damages in oocytes, which would lead to the decrease of oocyte quality, and embryonic development post fertilization. Cytoskeleton plays an important role in regulating cell shape, organelle migration, cell division and mechanical signal transduction. Cortical tension is a reflection of the physiological state and contractile ability of cortical cytoskeleton. Appropriate cortical tension is prerequesite for normal oocyte meiosis. In the present study, oocyte cortical tension was examined by evaluating the levels of cortical tension-related protein pERM (Phospho-Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) and pMRLC (Phospho-Myosin Light Chain 2). We found that the cortical tension of vitrified oocytes was decreased. Increasing cortical tension of vitrified oocytes by adding 10 μg/ml ConA during in vitro culture could significantly improve the polar body extrusion rate and embryo development. Furthermore, increasing the cortical tension could improve spindle positioning, maintain kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachment, strengthen spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activity, and reduce the aneuploidy rate in vitrified oocytes. In conclusion, vitrification induced a remarkable decrease in cortical tension, and increasing the cortical tension could rescue the meiosis defect and improve oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingrui Zhuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Meng
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Panyu Ren
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Huang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Bai
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenquan Sun
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shien Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangwei Fu,
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28
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Shan MM, Zou YJ, Pan ZN, Zhang HL, Xu Y, Ju JQ, Sun SC. Kinesin motor KIFC1 is required for tubulin acetylation and actin-dependent spindle migration in mouse oocyte meiosis. Development 2022; 149:274327. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mammalian oocyte maturation is a unique asymmetric division, which is mainly because of actin-based spindle migration to the cortex. In the present study, we report that a kinesin motor KIFC1, which is associated with microtubules for the maintenance of spindle poles in mitosis, is also involved in actin dynamics in murine oocyte meiosis, co-localizing with microtubules during mouse oocyte maturation. Depletion of KIFC1 caused the failure of polar body extrusion, and we found that meiotic spindle formation and chromosome alignment were disrupted. This might be because of the effects of KIFC1 on HDAC6 and NAT10-based tubulin acetylation, which further affected microtubule stability. Mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that KIFC1 also associated with several actin nucleation factors and we found that KIFC1 was essential for the distribution of actin filaments, which further affected spindle migration. Depletion of KIFC1 leaded to aberrant expression of formin 2 and the ARP2/3 complex, and endoplasmic reticulum distribution was also disturbed. Exogenous KIFC1 mRNA supplement could rescue these defects. Taken together, as well as its roles in tubulin acetylation, our study reported a previously undescribed role of kinesin KIFC1 on the regulation of actin dynamics for spindle migration in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia-Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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29
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Contribution of cytoplasm viscoelastic properties to mitotic spindle positioning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115593119. [PMID: 35169074 PMCID: PMC8872784 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115593119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of mitotic spindle positioning is a key process for tissue architecture, embryo development, and stem cells. To date, most models have assumed that spindles are positioned by forces exerted by polar cytoskeleton networks, like microtubule asters or actomyosin bundles. Here, using in situ magnetic tweezers to apply calibrated forces and torques to mitotic spindles in live dividing sea urchin cells, we found that the viscoelastic properties of the cytoplasm medium in which spindles are embedded can hold spindles in place and move them back if their original position is perturbed. These viscoelastic forces are large and may significantly participate in the force balance that position and orient mitotic spindles in many cell types. Cells are filled with macromolecules and polymer networks that set scale-dependent viscous and elastic properties to the cytoplasm. Although the role of these parameters in molecular diffusion, reaction kinetics, and cellular biochemistry is being increasingly recognized, their contributions to the motion and positioning of larger organelles, such as mitotic spindles for cell division, remain unknown. Here, using magnetic tweezers to displace and rotate mitotic spindles in living embryos, we uncovered that the cytoplasm can impart viscoelastic reactive forces that move spindles, or passive objects with similar size, back to their original positions. These forces are independent of cytoskeletal force generators yet reach hundreds of piconewtons and scale with cytoplasm crowding. Spindle motion shears and fluidizes the cytoplasm, dissipating elastic energy and limiting spindle recoils with functional implications for asymmetric and oriented divisions. These findings suggest that bulk cytoplasm material properties may constitute important control elements for the regulation of division positioning and cellular organization.
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30
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Scheffler K, Giannini F, Lemonnier T, Mogessie B. The prophase oocyte nucleus is a homeostatic G-actin buffer. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274227. [PMID: 35112707 PMCID: PMC8977058 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of healthy mammalian eggs from oocytes requires specialised F-actin structures. F-actin disruption produces aneuploid eggs, which are a leading cause of human embryo deaths, genetic disorders, and infertility. We found that oocytes contain prominent nuclear F-actin structures that are correlated with meiotic developmental capacity. We demonstrate that nuclear F-actin is a conserved feature of healthy mammalian oocytes and declines significantly with female reproductive ageing. Actin monomers used for nuclear F-actin assembly are sourced from an excess pool in the oocyte cytoplasm. Increasing monomeric G-actin transfer from the cytoplasm to the nucleus or directly enriching the nucleus with monomers leads to assembly of stable nuclear F-actin bundles that significantly restrict chromatin mobility. Conversely, reducing G-actin monomer transfer by blocking nuclear import triggers assembly of a dense cytoplasmic F-actin network that is incompatible with healthy oocyte development. Our data overall suggest that the large oocyte nucleus helps to maintain cytoplasmic F-actin organisation and that defects in this function could be linked with reproductive age-related female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Lemonnier
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | - Binyam Mogessie
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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31
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Londoño-Vásquez D, Rodriguez-Lukey K, Behura SK, Balboula AZ. Microtubule organizing centers regulate spindle positioning in mouse oocytes. Dev Cell 2022; 57:197-211.e3. [PMID: 35030327 PMCID: PMC8792338 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
During female meiosis I (MI), spindle positioning must be tightly regulated to ensure the fidelity of the first asymmetric division and faithful chromosome segregation. Although the role of F-actin in regulating these critical processes has been studied extensively, little is known about whether microtubules (MTs) participate in regulating these processes. Using mouse oocytes as a model system, we characterize a subset of MT organizing centers that do not contribute directly to spindle assembly, termed mcMTOCs. Using laser ablation, STED super-resolution microscopy, and chemical manipulation, we show that mcMTOCs are required to regulate spindle positioning and faithful chromosome segregation during MI. We discuss how forces exerted by F-actin on the spindle are balanced by mcMTOC-nucleated MTs to anchor the spindle centrally and to regulate its timely migration. Our findings provide a model for asymmetric cell division, complementing the current F-actin-based models, and implicate mcMTOCs as a major player in regulating spindle positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanta K Behura
- Animal Sciences Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ahmed Z Balboula
- Animal Sciences Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; University of Cambridge, Department of Genetics, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.
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32
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Miao Y, Cui Z, Zhu X, Gao Q, Xiong B. OUP accepted manuscript. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6570576. [PMID: 35438155 PMCID: PMC9345308 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaotong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Correspondence to: Bo Xiong, E-mail:
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33
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Bourdais A, Dehapiot B, Halet G. Cofilin regulates actin network homeostasis and microvilli length in mouse oocytes. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273797. [PMID: 34841429 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
How multiple actin networks coexist in a common cytoplasm while competing for a shared pool of monomers is still an ongoing question. This is exemplified by meiotic maturation in the mouse oocyte, which relies on the dynamic remodeling of distinct cortical and cytoplasmic F-actin networks. Here, we show that the conserved actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin is activated in a switch-like manner upon meiosis resumption from prophase arrest. Interfering with cofilin activation during maturation resulted in widespread elongation of microvilli, while cytoplasmic F-actin was depleted, leading to defects in spindle migration and polar body extrusion. In contrast, cofilin inactivation in metaphase II-arrested oocytes resulted in a shutdown of F-actin dynamics, along with a dramatic overgrowth of the polarized actin cap. However, inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex to promote actin cap disassembly elicited ectopic microvilli outgrowth in the polarized cortex. These data establish cofilin as a key player in actin network homeostasis in oocytes and reveal that microvilli can act as a sink for monomers upon disassembly of a competing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bourdais
- Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes , CNRS IGDR UMR 6290, Université de Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Benoit Dehapiot
- Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes , CNRS IGDR UMR 6290, Université de Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Halet
- Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes , CNRS IGDR UMR 6290, Université de Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Lee G, Leech G, Lwin P, Michel J, Currie C, Rust MJ, Ross JL, McGorty RJ, Das M, Robertson-Anderson RM. Active cytoskeletal composites display emergent tunable contractility and restructuring. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10765-10776. [PMID: 34792082 PMCID: PMC9239752 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a model active matter system that controls processes as diverse as cell motility and mechanosensing. While both active actomyosin dynamics and actin-microtubule interactions are key to the cytoskeleton's versatility and adaptability, an understanding of their interplay is lacking. Here, we couple microscale experiments with mechanistic modeling to elucidate how connectivity, rigidity, and force-generation affect emergent material properties in composite networks of actin, tubulin, and myosin. We use multi-spectral imaging, time-resolved differential dynamic microscopy and spatial image autocorrelation to show that ballistic contraction occurs in composites with sufficient flexibility and motor density, but that a critical fraction of microtubules is necessary to sustain controlled dynamics. The active double-network models we develop, which recapitulate our experimental findings, reveal that while percolated actomyosin networks are essential for contraction, only composites with comparable actin and microtubule densities can simultaneously resist mechanical stresses while supporting substantial restructuring. The comprehensive phase map we present not only provides important insight into the different routes the cytoskeleton can use to alter its dynamics and structure, but also serves as a much-needed blueprint for designing cytoskeleton-inspired materials that couple tunability with resilience and adaptability for diverse applications ranging from wound healing to soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lee
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, USA.
| | - Gregor Leech
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, USA.
| | - Pancy Lwin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Jonathan Michel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
| | | | - Michael J Rust
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, USA
| | | | - Ryan J McGorty
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, USA.
| | - Moumita Das
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
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Hu LL, Pan MH, Yang FL, Zong ZA, Tang F, Pan ZN, Lu X, Ren YP, Wang JL, Sun SC. FASCIN regulates actin assembly for spindle movement and polar body extrusion in mouse oocyte meiosis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7725-7733. [PMID: 34018605 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During mouse oocyte meiotic maturation, actin filaments play multiple roles in meiosis such as spindle migration and cytokinesis. FASCIN is shown to be an actin-binding and bundling protein, making actin filaments tightly packed and parallel-aligned, and FASCIN is involved in several cellular processes like adhesion and migration. FASCIN is also a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic disease. However, little is known about the functions of FASCIN in oocyte meiosis. In the present study, we knocked down the expression of FASCIN, and our results showed that FASCIN was essential for oocyte maturation. FASCIN was all expressed in the different stages of oocyte meiosis, and it mainly localized at the cortex of oocytes from the GV stage to the MII stage and showed a similar localization pattern with actin and DAAM1. Depletion of FASCIN affected the extrusion of the first polar body, and we also observed that some oocytes extruded from the large polar bodies. This might have resulted from the defects of actin assembly, which further affected the meiotic spindle positioning. In addition, we showed that inhibition of PKC activity decreased FASCIN expression, indicating that FASCIN might be regulated by PKC. Taken together, our results provided evidence for the important role of FASCIN on actin filaments for spindle migration and polar body extrusion in mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Lian Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zi-Ao Zong
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Feng Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan-Ping Ren
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Pan MH, Wan X, Wang HH, Pan ZN, Zhang Y, Sun SC. FMNL3 regulates FASCIN for actin-mediated spindle migration and cytokinesis in mouse oocytes†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:1203-1212. [PMID: 32167535 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formin-like 3 (FMNL3) is a member of the formin-likes (FMNLs), which belong to the formin family. As an F-actin nucleator, FMNL3 is essential for several cellular functions, such as polarity control, invasion, and migration. However, the roles of FMNL3 during oocytes meiosis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the functions of FMNL3 during mouse oocyte maturation. Our results showed that FMNL3 mainly concentrated in the oocyte cortex and spindle periphery. Depleting FMNL3 led to the failure of polar body extrusion, and we also found large polar bodies in the FMNL3-deleted oocytes, indicating the occurrence of symmetric meiotic division. There was no effect of FMNL3 on spindle organization; however, we observed spindle migration defects at late metaphase I, which might be due to the decreased cytoplasmic actin. Microinjecting Fmnl3-EGFP mRNA into Fmnl3-depleted oocytes significantly rescued these defects. In addition, the results of co-immunoprecipitation and the perturbation of protein expression experiments suggested that FMNL3 interacted with the actin-binding protein FASCIN for the regulation of actin filaments in oocytes. Thus, our results provide the evidence that FMNL3 regulates FASCIN for actin-mediated spindle migration and cytokinesis during mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
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POLArIS, a versatile probe for molecular orientation, revealed actin filaments associated with microtubule asters in early embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019071118. [PMID: 33674463 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019071118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular assemblies govern the physiology of cells. Their function often depends on the changes in molecular arrangements of constituents, both in the positions and orientations. While recent advancements of fluorescence microscopy including super-resolution microscopy have enabled us to determine the positions of fluorophores with unprecedented accuracy, monitoring the orientation of fluorescently labeled molecules within living cells in real time is challenging. Fluorescence polarization microscopy (FPM) reports the orientation of emission dipoles and is therefore a promising solution. For imaging with FPM, target proteins need labeling with fluorescent probes in a sterically constrained manner, but because of difficulties in the rational three-dimensional design of protein connection, a universal method for constrained tagging with fluorophore was not available. Here, we report POLArIS, a genetically encoded and versatile probe for molecular orientation imaging. Instead of using a direct tagging approach, we used a recombinant binder connected to a fluorescent protein in a sterically constrained manner that can target specific biomolecules of interest by combining with phage display screening. As an initial test case, we developed POLArISact, which specifically binds to F-actin in living cells. We confirmed that the orientation of F-actin can be monitored by observing cells expressing POLArISact with FPM. In living starfish early embryos expressing POLArISact, we found actin filaments radially extending from centrosomes in association with microtubule asters during mitosis. By taking advantage of the genetically encoded nature, POLArIS can be used in a variety of living specimens, including whole bodies of developing embryos and animals, and also be expressed in a cell type/tissue specific manner.
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Dehapiot B, Clément R, Bourdais A, Carrière V, Huet S, Halet G. RhoA- and Cdc42-induced antagonistic forces underlie symmetry breaking and spindle rotation in mouse oocytes. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001376. [PMID: 34491981 PMCID: PMC8448345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte meiotic divisions are highly asymmetric and produce a large haploid gamete and 2 small polar bodies. This relies on the ability of the cell to break symmetry and position its spindle close to the cortex before anaphase occurs. In metaphase II–arrested mouse oocytes, the spindle is actively maintained close and parallel to the cortex, until fertilization triggers sister chromatid segregation and the rotation of the spindle. The latter must indeed reorient perpendicular to the cortex to enable cytokinesis ring closure at the base of the polar body. However, the mechanisms underlying symmetry breaking and spindle rotation have remained elusive. In this study, we show that spindle rotation results from 2 antagonistic forces. First, an inward contraction of the cytokinesis furrow dependent on RhoA signaling, and second, an outward attraction exerted on both sets of chromatids by a Ran/Cdc42-dependent polarization of the actomyosin cortex. By combining live segmentation and tracking with numerical modeling, we demonstrate that this configuration becomes unstable as the ingression progresses. This leads to spontaneous symmetry breaking, which implies that neither the rotation direction nor the set of chromatids that eventually gets discarded are biologically predetermined. Mammalian oocyte meiotic divisions are highly asymmetric and produce a large haploid gamete and two small polar bodies, but the mechanisms underlying the required symmetry breaking and spindle rotation have remained elusive. This study shows that spindle rotation in activated mouse oocytes relies on spontaneous symmetry breaking resulting from an unstable configuration generated by cleavage furrow ingression and cortical chromosome attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Dehapiot
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR—UMR 6290, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (BD); (GH)
| | - Raphaël Clément
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Guillaume Halet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR—UMR 6290, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (BD); (GH)
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Chen J, Miao Y, Gao Q, Cui Z, Xiong B. Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate in vitro perturbs the quality of porcine oocytes via induction of apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117508. [PMID: 34261219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widely used artificial surfactant with potential toxicity to humans and animals. However, little is known about the impact of PFOS on the female germ cell development. Here, we report that PFOS exposure weakens oocyte quality by disturbing oocyte meiotic competency and fertilization ability. Specifically, PFOS exposure impaired cytoskeleton assembly including spindle organization and actin polymerization to cause the oocyte maturation arrest. In addition, PFOS exposure also impaired the mitochondrial dynamics and function, resulting in the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage as well as generation of apoptosis. Lastly, PFOS exposure compromised the distribution of cortical granules (CGs) and their component ovastacin, leading to the failure of sperm binding and fertilization. Altogether, our study illustrates that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis is a major cause for the deteriorated quality of porcine oocytes exposed to PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yilong Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaokang Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zou YJ, Shan MM, Wang HH, Pan ZN, Pan MH, Xu Y, Ju JQ, Sun SC. RAB14 GTPase is essential for actin-based asymmetric division during mouse oocyte maturation. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13104. [PMID: 34323331 PMCID: PMC8450121 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives RAB14 is a member of small GTPase RAB family which localizes at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus and endosomal compartments. RAB14 acts as molecular switches that shift between a GDP‐bound inactive state and a GTP‐bound active state and regulates circulation of vesicles between the Golgi and endosomal compartments. In present study, we investigated the roles of RAB14 during oocyte meiotic maturation. Materials and methods Microinjection with siRNA and exogenous mRNA for knock down and rescue, and immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and real‐time RT‐PCR were utilized for the study. Results Our results showed that RAB14 localized in the cytoplasm and accumulated at the cortex during mouse oocyte maturation, and it was also enriched at the spindle periphery. Depletion of RAB14 did not affect polar body extrusion but caused large polar bodies, indicating the failure of asymmetric division. We found that absence of RAB14 did not affect spindle organization but caused the spindle migration defects, and this might be due to the regulation on cytoplasmic actin assembly via the ROCK‐cofilin signalling pathway. We also found that RAB14 depletion led to aberrant Golgi apparatus distribution. Exogenous Myc‐Rab14 mRNA supplement could significantly rescue these defects caused by Rab14 siRNA injection. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that RAB14 affects ROCK‐cofilin pathway for actin‐based spindle migration and Golgi apparatus distribution during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jing Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,WEGO Holding Company Limited, Weihai, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Shi F, Feng X. Decabromodiphenyl ethane exposure damaged the asymmetric division of mouse oocytes by inhibiting the inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21449. [PMID: 33724544 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002585r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is a new brominated flame retardant and is widely added to flammable materials to prevent fire. Because it has been continuously detected in a variety of organisms and humans, it is important to reveal the biological toxicity of DBDPE. However, the influence of DBDPE for female reproduction is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether and how DBDPE exposure affects oocyte development. Female mice as a model were orally exposed to DBDPE by 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 50 μg/kg bw/day for 30 days (0.05 μg/kg bw/day is close to the environmental exposure concentration). We found that exposure of mice to DBDPE did not affect the first polar body extrusion (PBE) of oocytes. Strikingly, however, asymmetric division of oocytes was markedly impaired in 5 and 50 μg/kg bw/day DBDPE exposed group, which resulted in oocytes with larger polar bodies (PBs). Then, we further explored and found that DBDPE exposure inhibited the spindle migration and membrane protrusion in oocytes during anaphase of meiosis I (anaphase I), thereby impairing asymmetric division. Additionally, we found that DBDPE exposure suppressed the inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), resulting in the decrease of cytoplasmic formin2 (FMN2)-mediated F-actin polymerization in oocytes at the onset of anaphase I. Simultaneously, DBDPE exposure damaged the structural integrity of the spindle and the perpendicular relationship between spindle and cortex. These together led to the failure of spindle migration and membrane protrusion required for oocytes asymmetric division. Finally, DBDPE exposure injured the development of blastocysts, leading to blastocyst apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Shi
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xizeng Feng
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Kundu T, Dutta P, Nagar D, Maiti S, Ghose A. Coupling of dynamic microtubules to F-actin by Fmn2 regulates chemotaxis of neuronal growth cones. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252916. [PMID: 34313311 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic co-regulation of the actin and microtubule subsystems enables the highly precise and adaptive remodelling of the cytoskeleton necessary for critical cellular processes, such as axonal pathfinding. The modes and mediators of this interpolymer crosstalk, however, are inadequately understood. We identify Fmn2, a non-diaphanous-related formin associated with cognitive disabilities, as a novel regulator of cooperative actin-microtubule remodelling in growth cones of both chick and zebrafish neurons. We show that Fmn2 stabilizes microtubules in the growth cones of cultured spinal neurons and in vivo. Super-resolution imaging revealed that Fmn2 facilitates guidance of exploratory microtubules along actin bundles into the chemosensory filopodia. Using live imaging, biochemistry and single-molecule assays, we show that a C-terminal domain in Fmn2 is necessary for the dynamic association between microtubules and actin filaments. In the absence of the cross-bridging function of Fmn2, filopodial capture of microtubules is compromised, resulting in destabilized filopodial protrusions and deficits in growth cone chemotaxis. Our results uncover a critical function for Fmn2 in actin-microtubule crosstalk in neurons and demonstrate that the modulation of microtubule dynamics via associations with F-actin is central to directional motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Kundu
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Priyanka Dutta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dhriti Nagar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sankar Maiti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Aurnab Ghose
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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Chen J, Cui Z, Qiu Y, Zhang X, Chen F, Wang H, Xiong B, Miao Y, Gao Q. Exposure to Copper Compromises the Maturational Competency of Porcine Oocytes by Impairing Mitochondrial Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678665. [PMID: 34150773 PMCID: PMC8212058 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for animals, and also an important nutritional component for the normal physiology and metabolism of animal reproductive systems. An excess or lack of Cu will directly or indirectly affect animal reproductive activities. However, the effect of Cu, in particular excessive Cu, on the reproductive performance of sows has not been studied. Here, we report that excessive Cu had negative effects on oocyte maturation and organelle functions. We showed that Cu exposure perturbed porcine oocyte meiotic maturation and impaired spindle/chromosome structure, resulting in a defective spindle assembly, as well as the abnormal distribution of actin dynamics and cortical granules. In addition, single-cell transcriptome analysis identified the target effectors of Cu actions in porcine oocytes, further demonstrating that Cu exposure affects the mitochondrial distribution and function, leading to the high levels of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and early apoptosis of porcine oocytes. These findings demonstrate that Cu exposure causes abnormalities in the mitochondrial distribution and function, resulting in the increased oxidative stress and levels of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and apoptosis, ultimately leading to a decreased porcine oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaokang Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yawei Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilong Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Mei Q, Mou H, Liu X, Xiang W. Therapeutic Potential of HUMSCs in Female Reproductive Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650003. [PMID: 34041238 PMCID: PMC8143192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of regenerative medicine, stem cells are being considered more frequently for the treatment of reproductive aging. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have been reported to improve the reserve function of aging ovaries through their homing and paracrine effects. In this process, paracrine factors secreted by stem cells play an important role in ovarian recovery. Although the transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to improve ovarian function has been studied with great success in animal models of reproductive aging, their application in clinical research and therapy is still relatively rare. Therefore, this paper reviews the role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of reproductive aging and their related mechanisms, and it does so in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojuan Mei
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbei Mou
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Crozet F, Da Silva C, Verlhac MH, Terret ME. Myosin-X is dispensable for spindle morphogenesis and positioning in the mouse oocyte. Development 2021; 148:dev.199364. [PMID: 33722900 PMCID: PMC8077531 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Off-center spindle positioning in mammalian oocytes enables asymmetric divisions in size, which are important for subsequent embryogenesis. The migration of the meiosis I spindle from the oocyte center to its cortex is mediated by F-actin. Specifically, an F-actin cage surrounds the microtubule spindle and applies forces to it. To better understand how F-actin transmits forces to the spindle, we studied a potential direct link between F-actin and microtubules. For this, we tested the implication of myosin-X, a known F-actin and microtubule binder involved in spindle morphogenesis and/or positioning in somatic cells, amphibian oocytes and embryos. Using a mouse strain conditionally invalidated for myosin-X in oocytes and by live-cell imaging, we show that myosin-X is not localized on the spindle, and is dispensable for spindle and F-actin assembly. It is not required for force transmission as spindle migration and chromosome alignment occur normally. More broadly, myosin-X is dispensable for oocyte developmental potential and female fertility. We therefore exclude a role for myosin-X in transmitting F-actin-mediated forces to the spindle, opening new perspectives regarding this mechanism in mouse oocytes, which differ from most mitotic cells. Summary: Cortical spindle positioning in mammalian oocytes relies on the interplay between actin and the microtubule spindle. Myosin-X, an obvious candidate for linking these two cytoskeletal elements, is dispensable in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Crozet
- CIRB, Collège de France, UMR7241/U1050, 75005 Paris, France
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Li Y, Miao Y, Chen J, Xiong B. SIRT6 Maintains Redox Homeostasis to Promote Porcine Oocyte Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625540. [PMID: 33718364 PMCID: PMC7947247 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6, the sixth member of the sirtuin family proteins, has been characterized as a crucial regulator in multiple molecular pathways related to aging, including genome stability, DNA damage repair, telomere maintenance, and inflammation. However, the exact roles of SIRT6 during female germ cell development have not yet been fully determined. Here, we assessed the acquisition of meiotic competency of porcine oocytes by inhibition of SIRT6 activity. We observed that SIRT6 inhibition led to the oocyte meiotic defects by showing the impairment of polar body extrusion and cumulus cell expansion. Meanwhile, the compromised spindle/chromosome structure and actin dynamics were also present in SIRT6-inhibited oocytes. Moreover, SIRT6 inhibition resulted in the defective cytoplasmic maturation by displaying the disturbed distribution dynamics of cortical granules and their content ovastacin. Notably, we identified that transcript levels of genes related to oocyte meiosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and cellular senescence were remarkably altered in SIRT6-inhibited oocytes by transcriptome analysis and validated that the meiotic defects caused by SIRT6 inhibition might result from the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced early apoptosis in oocytes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SIRT6 promotes the porcine oocyte meiotic maturation through maintaining the redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilong Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Miao Y, Li X, Shi X, Gao Q, Chen J, Wang R, Fan Y, Xiong B. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Restores the Meiotic Competency of Porcine Oocytes Exposed to Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628580. [PMID: 33604339 PMCID: PMC7884640 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE), a type of glycol ethers, is a common chemical used in both industrial and household products. Increasing animal studies have indicated that it produces reproductive problems, such as testicular damage, reduced female fertility, death of embryos, and birth defects. However, how it influences the female germ cells has not yet determined. Here, we found that EGBE exposure resulted in the defective porcine oocyte maturation via disruption of cytoskeleton dynamics, showing the abnormal spindle assembly, chromosome alignment, and actin organization. Meanwhile, EGBE exposure perturbed the mitochondrial distribution and function, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generation of DNA damage and apoptosis. Of note, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation rescued the meiotic defects caused by EGBE exposure via restoring NAD+ level and mitochondrial function and thus eliminating the excessive ROS. Taken together, our observations illustrate that NMN supplementation is an effective strategy to protect oocyte quality against environmental pollutant-induced deterioration, contributing to improve the animal and human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Shamipour S, Caballero-Mancebo S, Heisenberg CP. Cytoplasm's Got Moves. Dev Cell 2021; 56:213-226. [PMID: 33321104 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasm is a gel-like crowded environment composed of various macromolecules, organelles, cytoskeletal networks, and cytosol. The structure of the cytoplasm is highly organized and heterogeneous due to the crowding of its constituents and their effective compartmentalization. In such an environment, the diffusive dynamics of the molecules are restricted, an effect that is further amplified by clustering and anchoring of molecules. Despite the crowded nature of the cytoplasm at the microscopic scale, large-scale reorganization of the cytoplasm is essential for important cellular functions, such as cell division and polarization. How such mesoscale reorganization of the cytoplasm is achieved, especially for large cells such as oocytes or syncytial tissues that can span hundreds of micrometers in size, is only beginning to be understood. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in elucidating the molecular, cellular, and biophysical mechanisms by which the cytoskeleton drives cytoplasmic reorganization across different scales, structures, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Shamipour
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Jo YJ, Kwon J, Jin ZL, Namgoong S, Kwon T, Yoon SB, Lee DH, Kim JS, Kim NH. WHAMM is essential for spindle formation and spindle actin polymerization in maturing mouse oocytes. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:225-235. [PMID: 33397186 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1867791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
WHAMM (WAS Protein Homolog Associated with Actin, Golgi Membranes, and Microtubules) is involved in Golgi membrane association, microtubule binding, and actin nucleation as a nucleation-promoting factor, which activates the actin-related protein 2/3 complex (the Arp2/3 complex). However, the role of WHAMM in mammalian oocyte maturation is poorly understood. The presence of WHAMM mRNA and protein during all stages of mouse oocyte maturation has been verified. It is mainly co-localized with the actin cage permeating the spindle during mouse oocyte maturation. Through the knockdown of WHAMM, we confirmed that it regulates spindle formation and affects the localization of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) during the early stages of spindle formation. Moreover, depletion of WHAMM impaired the formation of the spindle actin and chromosome alignment, which might be the cause of chromosomal aneuploidy and abnormal, asymmetric division. Treatment with brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of vesicle transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus, induced abnormal and dispersed localization of WHAMM. Taken together, these findings show that WHAMM is an essential component of the actin cytoskeleton machinery and plays a crucial role in oocyte maturation, presumably by controlling the formation of spindles with normal length by activating the formation of the spindle actin via the Arp2/3 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jo
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University , Cheong-Ju, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Kwon
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University , Cheong-Ju, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhe-Long Jin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University , Cheong-Ju, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Namgoong
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University , Cheong-Ju, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bin Yoon
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Lee
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University , Cheong-Ju, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Republic of Korea
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Role of PB1 Midbody Remnant Creating Tethered Polar Bodies during Meiosis II. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121394. [PMID: 33255457 PMCID: PMC7760350 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar body (PB) formation is an extreme form of unequal cell division that occurs in oocytes due to the eccentric position of the small meiotic spindle near the oocyte cortex. Prior to PB formation, a chromatin-centered process causes the cortex overlying the meiotic chromosomes to become polarized. This polarized cortical subdomain marks the site where a cortical protrusion or outpocket forms at the oocyte surface creating the future PBs. Using ascidians, we observed that PB1 becomes tethered to the fertilized egg via PB2, indicating that the site of PB1 cytokinesis directed the precise site for PB2 emission. We therefore studied whether the midbody remnant left behind following PB1 emission was involved, together with the egg chromatin, in defining the precise cortical site for PB2 emission. During outpocketing of PB2 in ascidians, we discovered that a small structure around 1 µm in diameter protruded from the cortical outpocket that will form the future PB2, which we define as the “polar corps”. As emission of PB2 progressed, this small polar corps became localized between PB2 and PB1 and appeared to link PB2 to PB1. We tested the hypothesis that this small polar corps on the surface of the forming PB2 outpocket was the midbody remnant from the previous round of PB1 cytokinesis. We had previously discovered that Plk1::Ven labeled midbody remnants in ascidian embryos. We therefore used Plk1::Ven to follow the dynamics of the PB1 midbody remnant during meiosis II. Plk1::Ven strongly labeled the small polar corps that formed on the surface of the cortical outpocket that created PB2. Following emission of PB2, this polar corps was rich in Plk1::Ven and linked PB2 to PB1. By labelling actin (with TRITC-Phalloidin) we also demonstrated that actin accumulates at the midbody remnant and also forms a cortical cap around the midbody remnant in meiosis II that prefigured the precise site of cortical outpocketing during PB2 emission. Phalloidin staining of actin and immunolabelling of anti-phospho aPKC during meiosis II in fertilized eggs that had PB1 removed suggested that the midbody remnant remained within the fertilized egg following emission of PB1. Dynamic imaging of microtubules labelled with Ens::3GFP, MAP7::GFP or EB3::3GFP showed that one pole of the second meiotic spindle was located near the midbody remnant while the other pole rotated away from the cortex during outpocketing. Finally, we report that failure of the second meiotic spindle to rotate can lead to the formation of two cortical outpockets at anaphase II, one above each set of chromatids. It is not known whether the midbody remnant of PB1 is involved in directing the precise location of PB2 since our data are correlative in ascidians. However, a review of the literature indicates that PB1 is tethered to the egg surface via PB2 in several species including members of the cnidarians, lophotrochozoa and echinoids, suggesting that the midbody remnant formed during PB1 emission may be involved in directing the precise site of PB2 emission throughout the invertebrates.
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