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Frederick MI, Abdesselam D, Clouvel A, Croteau L, Hassan S. Leveraging PARP-1/2 to Target Distant Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9032. [PMID: 39201718 PMCID: PMC11354653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have changed the outcomes and therapeutic strategy for several cancer types. As a targeted therapeutic mainly for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, PARP inhibitors have commonly been exploited for their capacity to prevent DNA repair. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted roles of PARP-1 and PARP-2 beyond DNA repair, including the impact of PARP-1 on chemokine signalling, immune modulation, and transcriptional regulation of gene expression, particularly in the contexts of angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We evaluate the pre-clinical role of PARP inhibitors, either as single-agent or combination therapies, to block the metastatic process. Efficacy of PARP inhibitors was demonstrated via DNA repair-dependent and independent mechanisms, including DNA damage, cell migration, invasion, initial colonization at the metastatic site, osteoclastogenesis, and micrometastasis formation. Finally, we summarize the recent clinical advancements of PARP inhibitors in the prevention and progression of distant metastases, with a particular focus on specific metastatic sites and PARP-1 selective inhibitors. Overall, PARP inhibitors have demonstrated great potential in inhibiting the metastatic process, pointing the way for greater use in early cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory I. Frederick
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada; (M.I.F.); (D.A.); (L.C.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), l’Institut de Cancer de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada;
| | - Djihane Abdesselam
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada; (M.I.F.); (D.A.); (L.C.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), l’Institut de Cancer de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada;
| | - Anna Clouvel
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), l’Institut de Cancer de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada;
| | - Laurent Croteau
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada; (M.I.F.); (D.A.); (L.C.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), l’Institut de Cancer de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada;
| | - Saima Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada; (M.I.F.); (D.A.); (L.C.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), l’Institut de Cancer de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada;
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
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2
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Tai Y, Chow A, Han S, Coker C, Ma W, Gu Y, Estrada Navarro V, Kandpal M, Hibshoosh H, Kalinsky K, Manova-Todorova K, Safonov A, Walsh EM, Robson M, Norton L, Baer R, Merghoub T, Biswas AK, Acharyya S. FLT1 activation in cancer cells promotes PARP-inhibitor resistance in breast cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1957-1980. [PMID: 38956205 PMCID: PMC11319505 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) remains a treatment challenge for BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer that drastically shortens patient survival. Although several resistance mechanisms have been identified, none have been successfully targeted in the clinic. Using new PARPi-resistance models of Brca1- and Bard1-mutant breast cancer generated in-vivo, we identified FLT1 (VEGFR1) as a driver of resistance. Unlike the known role of VEGF signaling in angiogenesis, we demonstrate a novel, non-canonical role for FLT1 signaling that protects cancer cells from PARPi in-vivo through a combination of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways. We demonstrate that FLT1 blockade suppresses AKT activation, increases tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and causes dramatic regression of PARPi-resistant breast tumors in a T-cell-dependent manner. Moreover, PARPi-resistant tumor cells can be readily re-sensitized to PARPi by targeting Flt1 either genetically (Flt1-suppression) or pharmacologically (axitinib). Importantly, a retrospective series of breast cancer patients treated with PARPi demonstrated shorter progression-free survival in cases with FLT1 activation at pre-treatment. Our study therefore identifies FLT1 as a potential therapeutic target in PARPi-resistant, BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Tai
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, QC, H3G0B1, Canada
| | - Angela Chow
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Seoyoung Han
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Jacobs School of Medicine, University of Buffalo, New York, NY, USA
| | - Courtney Coker
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wanchao Ma
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yifan Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Valeria Estrada Navarro
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Manoj Kandpal
- Centre for Clinical and Translational Science, Rockefeller University Hospital, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, 630 W 168th St, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anton Safonov
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elaine M Walsh
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Mark Robson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard Baer
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, 630 W 168th St, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anup K Biswas
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, 630 W 168th St, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Swarnali Acharyya
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, 630 W 168th St, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Ave, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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3
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Wei Y, He L, Liu T, Guo T, Xie C, Jia J, Lin Y, Liu J, Fan J. Efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitors combined with antiangiogenic agents in the maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372077. [PMID: 38584601 PMCID: PMC10995238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor and antiangiogenic agent monotherapy have shown to be effective as maintenance treatment in patients with ovarian cancer (OC). However, there is currently a lack of evidence-based study to directly compare the effects of combination therapy with these two drugs. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with PARP inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents in women with OC using a meta-analysis. Methods: An exhaustive search of literature was undertaken using multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify pertinent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up until 17 December 2023. The data on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were pooled. We computed the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PFS and OS, along with the relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs for AEs. Trial sequential analysis, heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment were performed. Stata 12.0 and Software R 4.3.1 were utilized for all analyses. Results: This meta-analysis included 7 RCTs with a total of 3,388 participants. The overall analysis revealed that combination therapy of PARP inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents significantly improved PFS (HR = 0.615, 95% CI = 0.517-0.731; 95% PI = 0.379-0.999), but also increased the risk of AEs, including urinary tract infection (RR = 1.500, 95% CI = 1.114-2.021; 95% PI = 0.218-10.346), fatigue (RR = 1.264, 95% CI = 1.141-1.400; 95% PI = 1.012-1.552), headache (RR = 1.868, 95% CI = 1.036-3.369; 95% PI = 0.154-22.642), anorexia (RR = 1.718, 95% CI = 1.320-2.235; 95% PI = 0.050-65.480), and hypertension (RR = 5.009, 95% CI = 1.103-22.744; 95% PI = 0.016-1580.021) compared with PARP inhibitor or antiangiogenic agent monotherapy. Our study has not yet confirmed the benefit of combination therapy on OS in OC patients (HR = 0.885, 95% CI = 0.737-1.063). Additionally, subgroup analyses further showed that combination therapy resulted in an increased risk of AEs, encompassing thrombocytopenia, vomiting, abdominal pain, proteinuria, fatigue, headache, anorexia, and hypertension (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the PFS benefit of combination therapy with PARP inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents in patients with OC. The OS result need to be updated after the original trial data is mature. Clinicians should be vigilant of AEs when administering the combination therapy in clinical practice. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023494482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jigang Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghong Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayin Fan
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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4
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Drew Y, Kim JW, Penson RT, O'Malley DM, Parkinson C, Roxburgh P, Plummer R, Im SA, Imbimbo M, Ferguson M, Rosengarten O, Steeghs N, Kim MH, Gal-Yam E, Tsoref D, Kim JH, You B, De Jonge M, Lalisang R, Gort E, Bastian S, Meyer K, Feeney L, Baker N, Ah-See ML, Domchek SM, Banerjee S. Olaparib plus Durvalumab, with or without Bevacizumab, as Treatment in PARP Inhibitor-Naïve Platinum-Sensitive Relapsed Ovarian Cancer: A Phase II Multi-Cohort Study. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:50-62. [PMID: 37939124 PMCID: PMC10767301 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early results from the phase II MEDIOLA study (NCT02734004) in germline BRCA1- and/or BRCA2-mutated (gBRCAm) platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (PSROC) showed promising efficacy and safety with olaparib plus durvalumab. We report efficacy and safety of olaparib plus durvalumab in an expansion cohort of women with gBRCAm PSROC (gBRCAm expansion doublet cohort) and two cohorts with non-gBRCAm PSROC, one of which also received bevacizumab (non-gBRCAm doublet and triplet cohorts). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this open-label, multicenter study, PARP inhibitor-naïve patients received olaparib plus durvalumab treatment until disease progression; the non-gBRCAm triplet cohort also received bevacizumab. Primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR; gBRCAm expansion doublet cohort), disease control rate (DCR) at 24 weeks (non-gBRCAm cohorts), and safety (all cohorts). RESULTS The full analysis and safety analysis sets comprised 51, 32, and 31 patients in the gBRCAm expansion doublet, non-gBRCAm doublet, and non-gBRCAm triplet cohorts, respectively. ORR was 92.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 81.1-97.8] in the gBRCAm expansion doublet cohort (primary endpoint); DCR at 24 weeks was 28.1% (90% CI, 15.5-43.9) in the non-gBRCAm doublet cohort (primary endpoint) and 74.2% (90% CI, 58.2-86.5) in the non-gBRCAm triplet cohort (primary endpoint). Grade ≥ 3 adverse events were reported in 47.1%, 65.6%, and 61.3% of patients in the gBRCAm expansion doublet, non-gBRCAm doublet, and non-gBRCAm triplet cohorts, respectively, most commonly anemia. CONCLUSIONS Olaparib plus durvalumab continued to show notable clinical activity in women with gBRCAm PSROC. Olaparib plus durvalumab with bevacizumab demonstrated encouraging clinical activity in women with non-gBRCAm PSROC. No new safety signals were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Drew
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer – Vancouver and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jae-Weon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard T. Penson
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David M. O'Malley
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christine Parkinson
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Roxburgh
- Medical Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, and School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Plummer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Martina Imbimbo
- Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Ferguson
- Department of Oncology, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ora Rosengarten
- Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Daliah Tsoref
- Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva and Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Benoit You
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, CITOHL, EPSLYON, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, IC-HCL, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Maja De Jonge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Lalisang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, GROW – School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht UMC+ Comprehensive Cancer Center, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eelke Gort
- Department of Medical Oncology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Bastian
- Medical Oncology and Haematology, Kantonsspital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Kassondra Meyer
- Late Development Oncology, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Laura Feeney
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Baker
- Oncology Biometrics, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mei-Lin Ah-See
- Late-stage Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M. Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susana Banerjee
- Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Mehrotra M, Phadte P, Shenoy P, Chakraborty S, Gupta S, Ray P. Drug-Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Current and Future Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:65-96. [PMID: 38805125 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a complex disease with diverse histological subtypes, which, based on the aggressiveness and course of disease progression, have recently been broadly grouped into type I (low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous) and type II (high-grade serous, high-grade endometrioid, and undifferentiated carcinomas) categories. Despite substantial differences in pathogenesis, genetics, prognosis, and treatment response, clinical diagnosis and management of EOC remain similar across the subtypes. Debulking surgery combined with platinum-taxol-based chemotherapy serves as the initial treatment for High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC), the most prevalent one, and for other subtypes, but most patients exhibit intrinsic or acquired resistance and recur in short duration. Targeted therapies, such as anti-angiogenics (e.g., bevacizumab) and PARP inhibitors (for BRCA-mutated cancers), offer some success, but therapy resistance, through various mechanisms, poses a significant challenge. This comprehensive chapter delves into emerging strategies to address these challenges, highlighting factors like aberrant miRNAs, metabolism, apoptosis evasion, cancer stem cells, and autophagy, which play pivotal roles in mediating resistance and disease relapse in EOC. Beyond standard treatments, the focus of this study extends to alternate targeted agents, including immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cells, and vaccines, as well as inhibitors targeting key oncogenic pathways in EOC. Additionally, this chapter covers disease classification, diagnosis, resistance pathways, standard treatments, and clinical data on various emerging approaches, and advocates for a nuanced and personalized approach tailored to individual subtypes and resistance mechanisms, aiming to enhance therapeutic outcomes across the spectrum of EOC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Mehrotra
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratham Phadte
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Priti Shenoy
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sourav Chakraborty
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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6
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Maiorano MFP, Maiorano BA, Biancofiore A, Cormio G, Maiello E. Niraparib and Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Beacon in the Non-BRCA Mutated Setting. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1261. [PMID: 37765068 PMCID: PMC10536506 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the eighth most common cancer among the female population and the most lethal of all the female reproductive system malignancies. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have reshaped the treatment scenario of metastatic OC in the maintenance setting post platinum-based chemotherapy. Niraparib is the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- and European Medical Agency (EMA)-approved PARPi as maintenance therapy for platinum-sensitive OC, regardless of BReast CAncer gene (BRCA) status, in first-line patients, with a recent restriction to germline BRCA mutations in second-line patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the pharmacological properties of niraparib, alongside the efficacy and safety data of the main trials leading to the current approvals, and discussed the future development of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Francesco Pio Maiorano
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Brigida Anna Maiorano
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Annalucia Biancofiore
- Pharmacy Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
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7
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Margul D, Yu C, AlHilli MM. Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Gynecologic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3849. [PMID: 37568665 PMCID: PMC10417375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers have varying response rates to immunotherapy due to the heterogeneity of each cancer's molecular biology and features of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). This article reviews key features of the TIME and its role in the pathophysiology and treatment of ovarian, endometrial, cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancer. Knowledge of the role of the TIME in gynecologic cancers has been rapidly developing with a large body of preclinical studies demonstrating an intricate yet dichotomous role that the immune system plays in either supporting the growth of cancer or opposing it and facilitating effective treatment. Many targets and therapeutics have been identified including cytokines, antibodies, small molecules, vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and bacterial-based therapies but most efforts in gynecologic cancers to utilize them have not been effective. However, with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, we have started to see the rapid and successful employment of therapeutics in cervical and endometrial cancer. There remain many challenges in utilizing the TIME, particularly in ovarian cancer, and further studies are needed to identify and validate efficacious therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariam M. AlHilli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.M.); (C.Y.)
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8
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Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) improves endothelial function in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 80:102200. [PMID: 36842770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is critical in the pulmonary vasculature during pulmonary hypertension (PH). Moreover, in PH, increased inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress cause DNA damage, activating poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Meloche et al. (2014) and our previous research have shown that inhibiting PARP-1 is protective in PH and associated RV hypertrophy. However, the role of PARP-1 in pulmonary arterial endothelial dysfunction has not been explored completely. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the involvement of PARP-1 in endothelial dysfunction associated with PH. Hypoxia (1% O2) was used to induce a PH-like phenotype in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), and PARP-1 inhibition was achieved via siRNA (60 nM). For the in vivo study, male Sprague Dawley rats were administered monocrotaline (MCT; 60 mg/kg, SC, once) to induce PH, and 1, 5-isoquinolinediol (ISO; 3 mg/kg) was administered daily intraperitoneally to inhibit PARP-1. PARP-1 inhibition decreased proliferation and inflammation, as well as improved mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxic HPAECs. Furthermore, PARP-1 inhibition also promoted apoptosis by increasing DNA damage in hypoxic HPAECs. In addition, inhibition of PARP-1 reduced cell migration, VEGF expression, and tubule formation in hypoxic HPAECs. In in vivo studies, PARP-1 inhibition by ISO significantly decreased the RVP and RVH as well as improved endothelial function by increasing the pulmonary vascular reactivity and expression of p-eNOS in MCT-treated rats.
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Li J, Li Q, Zhang L, Zhang S, Dai Y. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and ovarian function. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114028. [PMID: 36410122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) plays an important role in DNA damage detection and repair. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are a novel class of targeted agents used widely in the treatment of female cancer patients with BRCA mutations, including younger patients. However, the impact of PARPi on ovarian function remains a considerable problem in clinical practice. In this review article, we summarize the current understanding of PARPi's effects on the function of ovary and discuss their potential underlying mechanisms, highlighting the significance of further investigation on the criterion for ovarian failure and its preventive approaches during PARPi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Maiorano BA, Maiorano MFP, Maiello E. Olaparib and advanced ovarian cancer: Summary of the past and looking into the future. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1162665. [PMID: 37153769 PMCID: PMC10160416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1162665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is women's eighth most common cancer, bearing the highest mortality rates of all female reproductive system malignancies. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have reshaped the treatment scenario of metastatic OC as a maintenance post platinum-based chemotherapy. Olaparib is the first PARPi developed for this disease. Results from Study 42, Study 19, SOLO2, OPINION, SOLO1, and PAOLA-1 clinical trials, led to the FDA and EMA approval of olaparib for the maintenance treatment of women with high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer without platinum progression: in the platinum-sensitive recurrent OC; in the newly diagnosed setting in case Breast Cancer (BRCA) mutations and, in combination with bevacizumab, in case of BRCA mutation or deficiency of homologous recombination genes. In this review, we synthetized olaparib's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and its use in special populations. We summarized the efficacy and safety of the studies leading to the current approvals and discussed the future developments of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Anna Maiorano
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Francesco Pio Maiorano
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical and Human Oncological Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mauro Francesco Pio Maiorano,
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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11
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PARP Inhibitor Inhibits the Vasculogenic Mimicry through a NF-κB-PTX3 Axis Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416171. [PMID: 36555812 PMCID: PMC9785325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are targeted therapies that inhibit PARP proteins which are involved in a variety of cell functions. PARPi may act as modulators of angiogenesis; however, the relationship between PARPi and the vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in breast cancer remains unclear. To determine whether PARPi regulate the vascular channel formation, we assessed whether the treatment with olaparib, talazoparib and veliparib inhibits the vascular channel formation by breast cancer cell lines. Here, we found that PARPi act as potent inhibitors of the VM formation in triple negative breast cancer cells, independently of the BRCA status. Mechanistically, we find that PARPi trigger and inhibit the NF-κB signaling, leading to the inhibition of the VM. We further show that PARPi decrease the expression of the angiogenic factor PTX3. Moreover, PTX3 rescued the PARPi-inhibited VM inhibition. In conclusion, our results indicate that PARPi, by targeting the VM, may provide a new therapeutic approach for triple negative breast cancer.
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12
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Wu Z, Bian Y, Chu T, Wang Y, Man S, Song Y, Wang Z. The role of angiogenesis in melanoma: Clinical treatments and future expectations. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1028647. [PMID: 36588679 PMCID: PMC9797529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1028647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma has increased rapidly over the past few decades, with mortality accounting for more than 75% of all skin cancers. The high metastatic potential of Melanoma is an essential factor in its high mortality. Vascular angiogenic system has been proved to be crucial for the metastasis of melanoma. An in-depth understanding of angiogenesis will be of great benefit to melanoma treatment and may promote the development of melanoma therapies. This review summarizes the recent advances and challenges of anti-angiogenic agents, including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, human recombinant Endostatin, and traditional Chinese herbal medicine. We hope to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms, clinical research progress, and future research directions of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Wu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yifei Bian
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuman Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Man
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Shuai Man, ; Yongmei Song, ; Zhenguo Wang,
| | - Yongmei Song
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Shuai Man, ; Yongmei Song, ; Zhenguo Wang,
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Shuai Man, ; Yongmei Song, ; Zhenguo Wang,
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13
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Liu G, Feng Y, Li J, Deng T, Yin A, Yan L, Zheng M, Xiong Y, Li J, Huang Y, Zhang C, Huang H, Wan T, Huang Q, Lin A, Jiang J, Kong B, Liu J. A novel combination of niraparib and anlotinib in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: Efficacy and safety results from the phase II, multi-center ANNIE study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101767. [PMID: 36583171 PMCID: PMC9793276 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PROC) face poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Single-agent antiangiogenics and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors both show some activities in platinum-resistant diseases. The ANNIE study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the novel combination of the PARP inhibitor niraparib and the antiangiogenic anlotinib in patients with PROC. METHODS ANNIE is a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04376073) conducted at three hospitals in China. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer that recurred within 6 months of last platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients with prior PARP inhibitor exposure were excluded. The enrolled patients received oral niraparib 200 mg or 300 mg (baseline body weight-directed) once daily continuously and anlotinib 10 mg (12 mg before protocol amendment) once daily on days 1-14 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). FINDINGS Between May 22, 2020, and April 22, 2021, 40 patients were enrolled and treated. Thirty-six patients underwent post-baseline tumour assessments. By data cut-off (January 31, 2022), median follow-up was 15.4 months (95% CI 12.6-17.7). Intention-to-treat ORR was 50.0% (95% CI 33.8-66.2), including one complete response and 19 partial responses. Median (95% CI) progression-free survival and overall survival were 9.2 months (7.4-11.9) and 15.3 months (13.9-not evaluable), respectively. Drug-related, grade ≥3 TEAEs were reported in 26 (68%) patients. There were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION Niraparib plus anlotinib showed promising antitumour activity in patients with PROC. This oral combination warrants further investigation as a potential novel, convenient treatment option for patients with PROC. FUNDING Zai Lab (Shanghai) Co., Ltd; Jiangsu Chia Tai-Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82102783).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochen Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Aijun Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lei Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jundong Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yongwen Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chuyao Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - He Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qidan Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - An Lin
- Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, No. 91, Fengpanma Road, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Corresponding author. 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Hu X, Bian C, Zhao X, Yi T. Efficacy evaluation of multi-immunotherapy in ovarian cancer: From bench to bed. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034903. [PMID: 36275669 PMCID: PMC9582991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, one of the most common gynecological malignancies, is characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis. Cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy remain the mainstay of ovarian cancer treatment, and most women experience recurrence after standard care therapies. There is compelling evidence that ovarian cancer is an immunogenic tumor. For example, the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with increased survival, while increases in immunosuppressive regulatory T cells are correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, immunotherapies targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have been gradually integrated into the existing treatment options, including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. Immunotherapies have changed guidelines for maintenance treatment and established a new paradigm in ovarian cancer treatment. Despite single immunotherapies targeting DNA repair mechanisms, immune checkpoints, and angiogenesis bringing inspiring efficacy, only a subset of patients can benefit much from it. Thus, the multi-immunotherapy investigation remains an active area for ovarian cancer treatment. The current review provides an overview of various clinically oriented forms of multi-immunotherapy and explores potentially effective combinational therapies for ovarian cancer.
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Targeting Tyrosine Kinases in Ovarian Cancer: Small Molecule Inhibitor and Monoclonal Antibody, Where Are We Now? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092113. [PMID: 36140214 PMCID: PMC9495728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynaecological malignancies worldwide. Despite high success rates following first time treatment, this heterogenous disease is prone to recurrence. Oncogenic activity of receptor tyrosine kinases is believed to drive the progression of ovarian cancer. Here we provide an update on the progress of the therapeutic targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer. Broadly, drug classes that inhibit tyrosine kinase/pathways can be classified as small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, or immunotherapeutic vaccines. Small molecule inhibitors tested in clinical trials thus far include sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, tivantinib, and erlotinib. Monoclonal antibodies include bevacizumab, cetuximab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and seribantumab. While numerous trials have been carried out, the results of monotherapeutic agents have not been satisfactory. For combination with chemotherapy, the monoclonal antibodies appear more effective, though the efficacy is limited by low frequency of target alteration and a lack of useful predictive markers for treatment stratification. There remain critical gaps for the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancers; however, platinum-sensitive tumours may benefit from the combination of tyrosine kinase targeting drugs and PARP inhibitors. Immunotherapeutics such as a peptide B-cell epitope vaccine and plasmid-based DNA vaccine have shown some efficacy both as monotherapeutic agents and in combination therapy, but require further development to validate current findings. In conclusion, the tyrosine kinases remain attractive targets for treating ovarian cancers. Future development will need to consider effective drug combination, frequency of target, and developing predictive biomarker.
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Pamiparib Induces Neurodevelopmental Defects and Cerebral Haemorrhage in Zebrafish Embryos via Inhibiting Notch Signalling. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6652-6665. [PMID: 35982279 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Pamiparib is a poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor used in clinical studies, which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier efficiently. At present, there are few studies on its effect on vertebrate neurodevelopment. In this study, we exposed zebrafish embryos to 1, 2 and 3 µM of Pamiparib from 6 to 72 h post-fertilisation (hpf). Results showed that pamiparib can specifically induce cerebral haemorrhage, brain atrophy and movement disorders in fish larvae. In addition, pamiparib exposure leads to downregulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) activities, and upregulation of oxidative stress which then leads to apoptosis and disrupts the gene expression involved in the neurodevelopment, neurotransmitter pathways and Parkinson's disease (PD) like symptoms. Meanwhile, astaxanthin can partially rescue neurodevelopmental defects by downregulating oxidative stress. After exposure to pamiparib, the Notch signalling is downregulated, and the use of an activator of Notch signalling can partially rescue neurodevelopmental toxicity. Therefore, our research indicates that pamiparib may induce zebrafish neurotoxicity by downregulating Notch signalling and provides a reference for the potential neurotoxicity of pamiparib during embryonic development.
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Maiorano BA, Lorusso D, Maiorano MFP, Ciardiello D, Parrella P, Petracca A, Cormio G, Maiello E. The Interplay between PARP Inhibitors and Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: The Rationale behind a New Combination Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3871. [PMID: 35409229 PMCID: PMC8998760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has a high impact on morbidity and mortality in the female population. Survival is modest after platinum progression. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic strategies is of utmost importance. BRCA mutations and HR-deficiency occur in around 50% of OC, leading to increased response and survival after Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) administration. PARPis represent a breakthrough for OC therapy, with three different agents approved. On the contrary, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), another breakthrough therapy for many solid tumors, led to modest results in OC, without clinical approvals and even withdrawal of clinical trials. Therefore, combinations aiming to overcome resistance mechanisms have become of great interest. Recently, PARPis have been evidenced to modulate tumor microenvironment at the molecular and cellular level, potentially enhancing ICIs responsiveness. This represents the rationale for the combined administration of PARPis and ICIs. Our review ought to summarize the preclinical and translational features that support the contemporary administration of these two drug classes, the clinical trials conducted so far, and future directions with ongoing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Anna Maiorano
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Francesco Pio Maiorano
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical and Human Oncological Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.F.P.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.); (E.M.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Parrella
- Oncology Laboratory, Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Antonio Petracca
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical and Human Oncological Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.F.P.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Unit, Foundation Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.); (E.M.)
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Birrer MJ, Fujiwara K, Oaknin A, Randall L, Ojalvo LS, Valencia C, Ray-Coquard I. The Changing Landscape of Systemic Treatment for Cervical Cancer: Rationale for Inhibition of the TGF-β and PD-L1 Pathways. Front Oncol 2022; 12:814169. [PMID: 35280818 PMCID: PMC8905681 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.814169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers among women worldwide. Treatment options are limited in patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer, with <20% of women living >5 years. Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated in almost all cases of cervical cancer. HPV infection not only causes normal cervical cells to transform into cancer cells, but also creates an immunosuppressive environment for cancer cells to evade the immune system. Recent clinical trials of drugs targeting the PD-(L)1 pathway have demonstrated improvement in overall survival in patients with cervical cancer, but only 20% to 30% of patients show overall survival benefit beyond 2 years, and resistance to these treatments remains common. Therefore, novel treatment strategies targeting HPV infection-associated factors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the TGF-βRII receptor (a TGF-β "trap") fused to a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that blocks PD-L1. Early clinical trials of bintrafusp alfa have shown promising results in patients with advanced cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Birrer
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ana Oaknin
- Gynaecological Cancer Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leslie Randall
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Laureen S Ojalvo
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Christian Valencia
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- GINECO Group & Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, University Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
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Solimando AG, Kalogirou C, Krebs M. Angiogenesis as Therapeutic Target in Metastatic Prostate Cancer - Narrowing the Gap Between Bench and Bedside. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842038. [PMID: 35222436 PMCID: PMC8866833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been extensively investigated as a promising druggable biological process. Nonetheless, targeting angiogenesis has failed to impact overall survival (OS) in patients with mCRPC despite promising preclinical and early clinical data. This discrepancy prompted a literature review highlighting the tumor heterogeneity and biological context of Prostate Cancer (PCa). Narrowing the gap between the bench and bedside appears critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Searching clinicaltrials.gov for studies examining angiogenesis inhibition in patients with PCa resulted in n=20 trials with specific angiogenesis inhibitors currently recruiting (as of September 2021). Moreover, several other compounds with known anti-angiogenic properties - such as Metformin or Curcumin - are currently investigated. In general, angiogenesis-targeting strategies in PCa include biomarker-guided treatment stratification - as well as combinatorial approaches. Beyond established angiogenesis inhibitors, PCa therapies aiming at PSMA (Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen) hold the promise to have a substantial anti-angiogenic effect - due to PSMA´s abundant expression in tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine "G. Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Charis Kalogirou
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krebs
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Sim HW, Galanis E, Khasraw M. PARP Inhibitors in Glioma: A Review of Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041003. [PMID: 35205750 PMCID: PMC8869934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite advances in multimodality therapy, incorporating surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, tumor treating fields and supportive care, patient outcomes remain poor, especially in glioblastoma where median survival has remained static at around 15 months, for decades. Low-grade gliomas typically harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, grow more slowly and confer a better prognosis than glioblastoma. However, nearly all gliomas eventually recur and progress in a way similar to glioblastoma. One of the novel therapies being developed in this area are poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. PARP inhibitors belong to a class of drugs that target DNA damage repair pathways. This leads to synthetic lethality of cancer cells with coexisting homologous recombination deficiency. PARP inhibitors may also potentiate the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and prime the tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy. In this review, we examine the rationale and clinical evidence for PARP inhibitors in glioma and suggest therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Sim
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | - Mustafa Khasraw
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-684-6173
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21
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Choi W, Lee ES. Therapeutic Targeting of DNA Damage Response in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031701. [PMID: 35163621 PMCID: PMC8836062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is critical to ensure genome stability, and defects in this signaling pathway are highly associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Nevertheless, this also provides therapeutic opportunities, as cells with defective DDR signaling are directed to rely on compensatory survival pathways, and these vulnerabilities have been exploited for anticancer treatments. Following the impressive success of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast and ovarian cancers, extensive research has been conducted toward the development of pharmacologic inhibitors of the key components of the DDR signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the key elements of the DDR pathway and how these molecular components may serve as anticancer treatment targets. We also summarize the recent promising developments in the field of DDR pathway inhibitors, focusing on novel agents beyond PARP inhibitors. Furthermore, we discuss biomarker studies to identify target patients expected to derive maximal clinical benefits as well as combination strategies with other classes of anticancer agents to synergize and optimize the clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
- Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-1633
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22
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Maksimenko J, Irmejs A, Gardovskis J. Pregnancy after breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20:3. [PMID: 35062994 PMCID: PMC8781048 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-022-00209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Often young women affected with BRCA1/2 positive breast cancer have not finished or even not started their childbearing before the onset of the disease. The aim of our mini-review is to summarize state of art knowledge on pregnancy after breast cancer in BRCA1/2 carriers. Methods A broad review of the literature was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) for relevant articles published. Main body of the abstract This review summarizes the impact of different cytotoxic agents on a fertility, fertility preservation, maternal and fetal prognosis after pregnancy in breast cancer survivors with BRCA1/2. Conclusion According to the existing literature evidence pregnancy after therapy for breast cancer in BRCA carriers is safe for the mother and offspring, but patients’ needs, oncofertility counseling and fertility-sparing strategy should be carefully planned before starting the cytotoxic treatment.
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23
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Mehta P, Bothra SJ. PARP inhibitors in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and other cancers: A review. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:35-80. [PMID: 34844716 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There has been a paradigm shift in the management of cancer, with the immense progress in cancer genomics. More and more targeted therapies are becoming available by the day and personalized medicine is becoming popular with specific drugs being designed for selected subgroups of patients. One such new class of targeted drugs in the armamentarium is Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi), which inhibit the enzyme PARP, thus interfering with DNA repair. This strategy utilizes a pre-existing genomic lesion in tumors with homologous recombination repair defects (including BRCA mutations), weakening tumor cells further by blocking the alternate pathway of DNA repair. In this review, we discuss in detail, the evolution, genetics, mechanism of action, mechanism of resistance, indications of use of PARP inhibitors, as well as combination with other agents and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Mehta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology and BMT, Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Faridabad, India.
| | - Sneha J Bothra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Action Cancer Institute, New Delhi, India
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24
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Ursprung S, Mossop H, Gallagher FA, Sala E, Skells R, Sipple JAN, Mitchell TJ, Chhabra A, Fife K, Matakidou A, Young G, Walker A, Thomas MG, Ortuzar MC, Sullivan M, Protheroe A, Oades G, Venugopal B, Warren AY, Stone J, Eisen T, Wason J, Welsh SJ, Stewart GD. The WIRE study a phase II, multi-arm, multi-centre, non-randomised window-of-opportunity clinical trial platform using a Bayesian adaptive design for proof-of-mechanism of novel treatment strategies in operable renal cell cancer - a study protocol. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1238. [PMID: 34794412 PMCID: PMC8600815 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Window-of-opportunity trials, evaluating the engagement of drugs with their biological target in the time period between diagnosis and standard-of-care treatment, can help prioritise promising new systemic treatments for later-phase clinical trials. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the 7th commonest solid cancer in the UK, exhibits targets for multiple new systemic anti-cancer agents including DNA damage response inhibitors, agents targeting vascular pathways and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here we present the trial protocol for the WIndow-of-opportunity clinical trial platform for evaluation of novel treatment strategies in REnal cell cancer (WIRE). METHODS WIRE is a Phase II, multi-arm, multi-centre, non-randomised, proof-of-mechanism (single and combination investigational medicinal product [IMP]), platform trial using a Bayesian adaptive design. The Bayesian adaptive design leverages outcome information from initial participants during pre-specified interim analyses to determine and minimise the number of participants required to demonstrate efficacy or futility. Patients with biopsy-proven, surgically resectable, cT1b+, cN0-1, cM0-1 clear cell RCC and no contraindications to the IMPs are eligible to participate. Participants undergo diagnostic staging CT and renal mass biopsy followed by treatment in one of the treatment arms for at least 14 days. Initially, the trial includes five treatment arms with cediranib, cediranib + olaparib, olaparib, durvalumab and durvalumab + olaparib. Participants undergo a multiparametric MRI before and after treatment. Vascularised and de-vascularised tissue is collected at surgery. A ≥ 30% increase in CD8+ T-cells on immunohistochemistry between the screening and nephrectomy is the primary endpoint for durvalumab-containing arms. Meanwhile, a reduction in tumour vascular permeability measured by Ktrans on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI by ≥30% is the primary endpoint for other arms. Secondary outcomes include adverse events and tumour size change. Exploratory outcomes include biomarkers of drug mechanism and treatment effects in blood, urine, tissue and imaging. DISCUSSION WIRE is the first trial using a window-of-opportunity design to demonstrate pharmacological activity of novel single and combination treatments in RCC in the pre-surgical space. It will provide rationale for prioritising promising treatments for later phase trials and support the development of new biomarkers of treatment effect with its extensive translational agenda. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03741426 / EudraCT: 2018-003056-21 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Mossop
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- CRUK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evis Sala
- CRUK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Skells
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamal A N Sipple
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas J Mitchell
- CRUK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Anita Chhabra
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Fife
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Athena Matakidou
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gemma Young
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda Walker
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin G Thomas
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mark Sullivan
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Protheroe
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Grenville Oades
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Balaji Venugopal
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- CRUK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tim Eisen
- CRUK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Wason
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah J Welsh
- CRUK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grant D Stewart
- CRUK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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25
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Kasherman L, Madariaga A, Liu Q, Bonilla L, McMullen M, Liu SL, Wang L, Fazelzad R, Karakasis K, Heesters AM, Oza AM. Ethical frameworks in clinical research processes during COVID-19: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047076. [PMID: 34301656 PMCID: PMC8313312 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In response to the COVID-19 pandemic there have been significant developments in research, its conduct and the supporting ethical framework. While many protocols have been delayed, halted or modified, other research efforts have been accelerated, generating controversy. The goal of this paper is to determine the rates of references surrounding the ethical oversight of research as reported in current COVID-19-related research publications. DESIGN Scoping review. SETTING Population-based observational or interventional studies from December 2019 to May 2020 with sample size of two or more. Studies were searched through electronic databases including Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials. PARTICIPANTS Eligibility criteria included participants within published studies who tested positive for COVID-19. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Data were extracted and charting methods included taking note of references to ethical frameworks, institutional review board (IRB), ethics committee (EC) or research ethics board (REB) involvement, consent processes, and other variables. RESULTS 11 556 articles were screened, with 656 included in the final analysis. References to ethics were present in 530 (80.8%) studies, with 491 (74.8%) involving IRB/ECs/REBs and 126 (19.2%) not referencing ethics. Consent processes were outlined in 201 (30.6%) studies, with 198 (30.2%) reporting that they obtained consent waivers, however, 257 (39.2%) did not mention consent at all. Differences (p<0.001) in ethics-related references were apparent when analysed by continent, publication type, sample size and IF. CONCLUSIONS The majority of published articles pertaining to COVID-19 research made mention of ethical considerations, however, national and regional variations in research ethics review requirements introduce heterogeneity between studies and raise important questions about the conduct of scientific research during global public emergencies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Open Science Framework: https://osfio/z67wb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kasherman
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Schools, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ainhoa Madariaga
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qin Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Haematology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luisa Bonilla
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle McMullen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shiru Lucy Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa Wang
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rouhi Fazelzad
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Karakasis
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann M Heesters
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amit M Oza
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Alvarez Secord A, O'Malley DM, Sood AK, Westin SN, Liu JF. Rationale for combination PARP inhibitor and antiangiogenic treatment in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: A review. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 162:482-495. [PMID: 34090705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and angiogenesis have demonstrated single-agent activity in women with advanced ovarian cancer. Recent studies have aimed to establish whether combination therapy can augment the response seen with PARP inhibitors or antiangiogenic agents alone. This review provides an overview of PARP inhibitors and antiangiogenics as monotherapy in women with advanced ovarian cancer, explores potential mechanisms of action of PARP inhibitor and antiangiogenic combination treatments, reviews efficacy and safety data from trials evaluating this combination, and outlines ongoing and future trials evaluating this combination, discussing these in the context of the current and future treatment landscape for women with advanced ovarian cancer. Sentinel studies evaluating PARP inhibitor (n = 8), antiangiogenic (n = 4), and combination (n = 7) therapy were identified in women with newly diagnosed (n = 7) and recurrent (n = 12) ovarian cancer. PARP inhibitors included olaparib (n = 9), niraparib (n = 4), rucaparib (n = 1), and veliparib (n = 1). Antiangiogenic agents included bevacizumab (n = 7) and cediranib (n = 4). PARP inhibitors combined with antiangiogenics demonstrated efficacy based on objective response rates and progression-free survival (PFS) in the relapsed disease setting. Maintenance therapy with the PARP inhibitor, olaparib, plus antiangiogenic therapy offered a significant PFS benefit versus the antiangiogenic alone in women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer who tested positive for homologous recombination deficiency. Combination therapy was tolerated, with no new safety signals reported compared with monotherapy trials. PARP inhibitors and antiangiogenics have changed the landscape of ovarian cancer treatment. The PARP inhibitor plus antiangiogenic combination is a novel treatment option that appears promising in the first-line advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer settings, although the role of this combination in recurrent disease requires further elucidation. Defining which patients are candidates for monotherapy or combination therapy is critical, taking into consideration safety profiles of therapies alone or in combination, and how these treatments should be sequenced in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - David M O'Malley
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joyce F Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Demény MA, Virág L. The PARP Enzyme Family and the Hallmarks of Cancer Part 2: Hallmarks Related to Cancer Host Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2057. [PMID: 33923319 PMCID: PMC8123211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) modify target proteins with a single ADP-ribose unit or with a poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer. PARP inhibitors (PARPis) recently became clinically available for the treatment of BRCA1/2 deficient tumors via the synthetic lethality paradigm. This personalized treatment primarily targets DNA damage-responsive PARPs (PARP1-3). However, the biological roles of PARP family member enzymes are broad; therefore, the effects of PARPis should be viewed in a much wider context, which includes complex effects on all known hallmarks of cancer. In the companion paper (part 1) to this review, we presented the fundamental roles of PARPs in intrinsic cancer cell hallmarks, such as uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of growth suppressors, cell death resistance, genome instability, replicative immortality, and reprogrammed metabolism. In the second part of this review, we present evidence linking PARPs to cancer-associated inflammation, anti-cancer immune response, invasion, and metastasis. A comprehensive overview of the roles of PARPs can facilitate the identification of novel cancer treatment opportunities and barriers limiting the efficacy of PARPi compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté A. Demény
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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28
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Anti-Angiogenic Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073765. [PMID: 33916438 PMCID: PMC8038573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is an old method to fight cancer that aims to abolish the nutrient and oxygen supply to the tumor cells through the decrease of the vascular network and the avoidance of new blood vessels formation. Most of the anti-angiogenic agents approved for cancer treatment rely on targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) actions, as VEGF signaling is considered the main angiogenesis promotor. In addition to the control of angiogenesis, these drugs can potentiate immune therapy as VEGF also exhibits immunosuppressive functions. Despite the mechanistic rational that strongly supports the benefit of drugs to stop cancer progression, they revealed to be insufficient in most cases. We hypothesize that the rehabilitation of old drugs that interfere with mechanisms of angiogenesis related to tumor microenvironment might represent a promising strategy. In this review, we deepened research on the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-angiogenic strategies and their failure and went further into the alternative mechanisms that impact angiogenesis. We concluded that the combinatory targeting of alternative effectors of angiogenic pathways might be a putative solution for anti-angiogenic therapies.
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29
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Mehta R, Wood AC, Yu J, Kim R. Investigational PARP inhibitors for the treatment of biliary tract cancer: spotlight on preclinical and clinical studies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:451-461. [PMID: 33660569 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1898586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Alterations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are observed in up to 60% of biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients. Patients with advanced/metastatic BTC have few therapeutic options, so there is a demand for the development of new and innovative treatment approaches. The use of poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis), either as a monotherapy or in combination, is being extensively studied in clinical trials.Areas Covered: This review examines the targeting of the DDR pathway with PARPis as a potential novel treatment option for the management of BTCs. The rationale behind the use of PARPis and current clinical experience is discussed. Moreover, further insights into potential future directions concerning the applicability of PARPis in the treatment of BTCs are proposed.Expert Opinion: Prospective clinical data with PARPis in the treatment of BTCs are limited. The potential combination of PARPis and IDH1 inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials is interesting because of the potential synergistic preclinical data. There are other possible combinations including those drugs that target the angiogenesis or STAT3 pathways. An enhanced understanding of acquired resistance to PARPis is necessary to progress the use of these agents in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutika Mehta
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anthony C Wood
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Richard Kim
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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30
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Le Saux O, Vanacker H, Guermazi F, Carbonnaux M, Roméo C, Larrouquère L, Trédan O, Ray-Coquard I. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in combination with anti-angiogenic agents for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2291-2304. [PMID: 33726504 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination deficiency and VEGF expression are key pathways in high-grade ovarian cancer. Recently, three randomized practice changing trials were published: the PAOLA-1, PRIMA and VELIA trials. The use of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) following chemotherapy has become standard of care in first line. Combination of PARPi with anti-angiogenic agents has demonstrated synergistic activity in preclinical study. This review summarizes the body of evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of the combination of PARPi and anti-angiogenic drugs in first-line homologous recombination deficiency high-grade ovarian cancer leading to US FDA and EMA approvals. This double maintenance is supported by: a large benefit with bevacizumab + olaparib compared with olaparib alone, a rationale for additive effect, and a good safety and cost-effective profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Le Saux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Hélène Vanacker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Prom. Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Fatma Guermazi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Prom. Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Mélodie Carbonnaux
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Prom. Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Clémence Roméo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Prom. Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Louis Larrouquère
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Prom. Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Prom. Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Prom. Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, Lyon, 69008, France
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31
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Zheng-Lin B, O'Reilly EM. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the era of precision medicine. Semin Oncol 2021; 48:19-33. [PMID: 33637355 PMCID: PMC8355264 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The paradigm for treatment of PDAC is shifting from a "one size fits all" of cytotoxic therapy to a precision medicine approach based on specific predictive biomarkers for a subset of patients. As the genomic landscape of pancreatic carcinogenesis has become increasingly defined, several oncogenic alterations have emerged as actionable targets and their use has been validated in novel approaches such as targeting mutated germline DNA damage response genes (BRCA) and mismatch deficiency (dMMR/MSI-H) or blockade of rare somatic oncogenic fusions. Chemotherapy selection based on transcriptomic subtypes and developing stroma- and immune-modulating strategies have yielded encouraging results and may open therapeutic refinement to a broader PDAC population. Notwithstanding, a series of negative late-stage trials over the last year continue to underscore the inherent challenges in the treatment of PDAC. Multifactorial therapy resistance warrants further exploration in PDAC "omics" and tumor-stroma-immune cells crosstalk. Herein, we discuss precision medicine approaches applied to the treatment of PDAC, its current state and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zheng-Lin
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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32
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Nakamura K, Takae S, Shiraishi E, Shinya K, Igualada AJ, Suzuki N. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor exposure reduces ovarian reserve followed by dysfunction in granulosa cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17058. [PMID: 33051529 PMCID: PMC7553950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors is expected to increase, but their effect on fertility is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PARP inhibitors on ovarian function. In an in vitro study, cultures of ovaries and granulosa cells (GCs) exposed to the PARP inhibitor olaparib were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR, histological study, and hormone assays. In an in vivo study, mice were administered olaparib orally and evaluated via in vitro fertilization (IVF), follicle count, immunohistochemical staining, and real-time RT-PCR. In vitro, the gene expression of GC markers decreased in the olaparib-treated group. Olaparib also negatively affected estradiol production and the expression of GC markers in cultured GCs, with abnormal morphology of GCs observed in the treated group. The follicle number indicated depletion of follicles due to atretic changes in the treatment group, both in vitro and in vivo. Also, olaparib reduced the number of retrieved oocytes and the fertilization rate of IVF, but they recovered after 3 weeks of cessation. Our results indicate that olaparib is toxic to ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Seido Takae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Eriko Shiraishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kiemi Shinya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Arby Jane Igualada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
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Loizzi V, Ranieri G, Laforgia M, Gadaleta CD, Gargano G, Kardhashi A, De Liso M, Naglieri E, Del Vecchio V, Cicinelli E, Cormio G. PARP inhibitors and epithelial ovarian cancer: Molecular mechanisms, clinical development and future prospective. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:90. [PMID: 32831909 PMCID: PMC7439101 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a poor prognosis. Since the introduction of paclitaxel as antineoplastic agent >20 years ago, only a few phase III randomized trials have shown challenging data regarding different therapeutic options for facing its aggressive clinical course and granting active therapies to patients. Different studies have shown the utility of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in women with EOC with or without BRCA mutations, both germline and somatic. Three PARP inhibitors, olaparib, rucaparib and niraparib, have been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in EOC patients, though with different clinical indications and profiles of toxicity, while two other molecules, veliparib and talazoparib, are still under clinical investigation. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the current status of PARP inhibitors in terms of molecular activity, pharmacodynamic properties and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Loizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariarita Laforgia
- Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Gargano
- Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anila Kardhashi
- Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Liso
- Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Naglieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Del Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy
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Plummer R, Dua D, Cresti N, Drew Y, Stephens P, Foegh M, Knudsen S, Sachdev P, Mistry BM, Dixit V, McGonigle S, Hall N, Matijevic M, McGrath S, Sarker D. First-in-human study of the PARP/tankyrase inhibitor E7449 in patients with advanced solid tumours and evaluation of a novel drug-response predictor. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:525-533. [PMID: 32523090 PMCID: PMC7434893 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This phase 1 study examined the safety, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and antitumour activity of E7449, a novel PARP 1/2 and tankyrase 1/2 inhibitor. Methods E7449 was orally administered once daily in 28-day cycles to patients with advanced solid tumours (50–800-mg doses). Archival tumour samples from consenting patients were evaluated for the expression of 414 genes in a biomarker panel (2X-121 drug-response predictor [DRP]) found to be predictive of the response to E7449 in cell lines. Results Forty-one patients were enrolled (13 pancreatic, 5 ovarian, 4 each with breast, lung or colorectal cancer and 11 with other tumour types). The most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse event was fatigue (n = 7, 17.1%). Five patients experienced a dose-limiting toxicity (fatigue, n = 4, 800 mg; anaphylaxis, n = 1, 600 mg) for an MTD of 600 mg. E7449 exhibited antitumour activity in solid tumours, including 2 partial responses (PRs), and stable disease (SD) in 13 patients, which was durable (>23 weeks) for 8 patients. In 13 patients, the 2X-121 DRP identified those achieving PR and durable SD. E7449 showed good tolerability, promising antitumour activity and significant concentration-dependent PARP inhibition following 50–800-mg oral dosing. Conclusion The results support further clinical investigation of E7449 and its associated biomarker 2X-121 DRP. Clinical trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov code: NCT01618136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Plummer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | - Nicola Cresti
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yvette Drew
- Northern Institute for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Stephens
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Debashis Sarker
- King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Martí JM, Fernández-Cortés M, Serrano-Sáenz S, Zamudio-Martinez E, Delgado-Bellido D, Garcia-Diaz A, Oliver FJ. The Multifactorial Role of PARP-1 in Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030739. [PMID: 32245040 PMCID: PMC7140056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), represent a family of 17 proteins implicated in a variety of cell functions; some of them possess the enzymatic ability to synthesize and attach poly (ADP-ribose) (also known as PAR) to different protein substrates by a post-translational modification; PARPs are key components in the cellular response to stress with consequences for different physiological and pathological events, especially during neoplasia. In recent years, using PARP inhibitors as antitumor agents has raised new challenges in understanding their role in tumor biology. Notably, the function of PARPs and PAR in the dynamic of tumor microenvironment is only starting to be understood. In this review, we summarized the conclusions arising from recent studies on the interaction between PARPs, PAR and key features of tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia, autophagy, tumor initiating cells, angiogenesis and cancer-associated immune response.
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36
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Pezaro C. PARP inhibitor combinations in prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835919897537. [PMID: 32215055 PMCID: PMC7081465 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919897537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyadenosine-diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors cause deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage that can be lethal to cells with deficient repair mechanisms. A number of PARP inhibitors are being tested as treatments for men with prostate cancer, both as monotherapies and in combinations that are based on purported synergies in treatment effect. While the initial single-agent development focused on men with identified deficiencies in DNA-repair pathways, broader patient populations are being considered for combination approaches. This review summarizes the current clinical development of PARP inhibitors and explores the rationale for novel combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Pezaro
- University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Whitham Road, Sheffield S10 2SJ, UK
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37
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MacKay HJ, Freixinos VR, Fleming GF. Therapeutic Targets and Opportunities in Endometrial Cancer: Update on Endocrine Therapy and Nonimmunotherapy Targeted Options. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2020; 40:1-11. [PMID: 32239967 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_280495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, the incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing. Although the prognosis remains good for patients diagnosed with early-stage disease, for those diagnosed with recurrent or metastatic disease, options have been limited, and prognosis is short. Optimizing and identifying new well-tolerated treatments for women living with endometrial cancer is a top priority. A new era is dawning where we are starting to see the integration of clinically relevant genomic and pathologic data to inform and refine treatment strategies for women with endometrial cancer. Here, we focus on reviewing nonimmunotherapy-based targeted treatment options and emerging directions for women with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J MacKay
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gini F Fleming
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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38
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Haunschild CE, Tewari KS. Bevacizumab use in the frontline, maintenance and recurrent settings for ovarian cancer. Future Oncol 2020; 16:225-246. [PMID: 31746224 PMCID: PMC7036749 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
On 13 June 2018, Genentech, Inc. issued a press release announcing that the US FDA had approved the antiangiogenesis drug, bevacizumab, in combination with chemotherapy for frontline and maintenance therapy for women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Regulatory approval was based on the National Cancer Institute-sponsored Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) protocol 0218, the Phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-center and multi-national clinical trial that met its primary end point, progression-free survival. Bevacizumab is now approved in the frontline, platinum-sensitive recurrent and platinum-resistant recurrent settings for epithelial ovarian cancer. This review will address the broad range of clinical trials addressing the efficacy of bevacizumab use in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Haunschild
- Clinical Instructor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Research Fellow, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1400, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Krishnansu S Tewari
- Professor & Division Director, Director, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, 333 City Blvd, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, The City Tower, 333 City Blvd, West – Suite 1400, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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39
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Lisi L, Chiavari M, Ciotti GMP, Lacal PM, Navarra P, Graziani G. DNA inhibitors for the treatment of brain tumors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:195-207. [PMID: 32067518 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1729352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The worldwide incidence of central nervous system (CNS) primary tumors is increasing. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents used for treating these cancer types induce DNA damage, and their activity is affected by the functional status of repair systems involved in the detection or correction of DNA lesions. Unfortunately, treatment of malignant high-grade tumors is still an unmet medical need.Areas covered: We summarize the action mechanisms of the main DNA inhibitors used for the treatment of brain tumors. In addition, studies on new agents or drug combinations investigated for this indication are reviewed, focusing our attention on clinical trials that in the last 3 years have been completed, terminated or are still recruiting patients.Expert opinion: Much still needs to be done to render aggressive CNS tumors curable or at least to transform them from lethal to chronic diseases, as it is possible for other cancer types. Drugs with improved penetration in the CNS, toxicity profile, and activity against primary and recurrent tumors are eagerly needed. Targeted agents with innovative mechanisms of action and ability to harness the cells of the tumor microenvironment against cancer cells represent a promising approach for improving the clinical outcome of CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lisi
- Department of Safety and Bioethics, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Chiavari
- Department of Safety and Bioethics, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Navarra
- Department of Safety and Bioethics, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy.,Department of Safety and Bioethics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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40
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Delving into PARP inhibition from bench to bedside and back. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 206:107446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Gupta M, Iyer R, Fountzilas C. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in Pancreatic Cancer: A New Treatment Paradigms and Future Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1980. [PMID: 31835379 PMCID: PMC6966572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy. Most of the patients of PDAC present at later stages of disease and have a five-year survival rate of less than 10%. About 5-10% PDAC cases are hereditary in nature and have DNA damage repair (DDR) mutations such as BRCA 1 and 2. Besides having implications on screening and prevention strategies, these mutations can confer sensitivity to platinum-based therapies and determine eligibility for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). In the presence of DDR mutations and PARPi, the cells are unable to utilize the error-free process of homologous recombination repair, leading to accumulation of double stranded DNA breaks and cell death eventually. Various PARPi are in clinical development in PDAC in different subgroup of patients as monotherapies and in combination with other therapeutics. This review would focus on the mechanism of action of PARPi, history of development in PDAC, resistance mechanisms and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhavi Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine/Division of GI Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Christos Fountzilas
- Department of Medicine/Division of GI Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
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42
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Gourley C, Bookman MA. Evolving Concepts in the Management of Newly Diagnosed Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:2386-2397. [PMID: 31403859 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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43
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Boussios S, Karihtala P, Moschetta M, Karathanasi A, Sadauskaite A, Rassy E, Pavlidis N. Combined Strategies with Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: A Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:E87. [PMID: 31374917 PMCID: PMC6787707 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are the first clinically approved drugs designed to exploit synthetic lethality, and were first introduced as a cancer-targeting strategy in 2005. They have led to a major change in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer, and altered the natural history of a disease with extreme genetic complexity and defective DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Furthermore, additional mechanisms apart from breast related cancer antigens 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) mutations can also result in HR pathway alterations and consequently lead to a clinical benefit from PARP inhibitors. Novel combinations of PARP inhibitors with other anticancer therapies are challenging, and better understanding of PARP biology, DNA repair mechanisms, and PARP inhibitor mechanisms of action is crucial. It seems that PARP inhibitor and biologic agent combinations appear well tolerated and clinically effective in both BRCA-mutated and wild-type cancers. They target differing aberrant and exploitable pathways in ovarian cancer, and may induce greater DNA damage and HR deficiency. The input of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer is based on the observation that immunosuppressive microenvironments can affect tumour growth, metastasis, and even treatment resistance. Several biologic agents have been studied in combination with PARP inhibitors, including inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; bevacizumab, cediranib), and PD-1 or PD-L1 (durvalumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab), anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies (tremelimumab), mTOR-(vistusertib), AKT-(capivasertib), and PI3K inhibitors (buparlisib, alpelisib), as well as MEK 1/2, and WEE1 inhibitors (selumetinib and adavosertib, respectively). Olaparib and veliparib have also been combined with chemotherapy with the rationale of disrupting base excision repair via PARP inhibition. Olaparib has been investigated with carboplatin and paclitaxel, whereas veliparib has been tested additionally in combination with temozolomide vs. pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, as well as with oral cyclophosphamide, and topoisomerase inhibitors. However, overlapping myelosuppression observed with PARP inhibitor and chemotherapy combinations requires further investigation with dose escalation studies. In this review, we discuss multiple clinical trials that are underway examining the antitumor activity of such combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Boussios
- Acute Oncology Assessment Unit, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, Kent, UK.
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 22, 90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 93 Harley Street, London W1G 6AD, UK
| | - Afroditi Karathanasi
- Acute Oncology Assessment Unit, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, Kent, UK
| | - Agne Sadauskaite
- Department of Pharmacy, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, Kent, UK
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, 166830 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicholas Pavlidis
- Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchou Avenue, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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44
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Hinchcliff E, Westin SN, Dal Molin G, LaFargue CJ, Coleman RL. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor use in ovarian cancer: expanding indications and novel combination strategies. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 29:ijgc-2019-000499. [PMID: 31118216 PMCID: PMC8263126 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2019-000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition is transforming care for the treatment of ovarian cancer, with three different PARP inhibitors (PARPi) gaining US Food and Drug Administration approval since 2014. Given the rapidly expanding use of PARPi, this review aims to summarize the key evidence for their use and therapeutic indications. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the development of PARPi resistance and the emerging role of PARPi combination therapies, including those with anti-angiogenic and immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hinchcliff
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shannon Neville Westin
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Robert L Coleman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Baldwin P, Ohman AW, Medina JE, McCarthy ET, Dinulescu DM, Sridhar S. Nanoformulation of Talazoparib Delays Tumor Progression and Ascites Formation in a Late Stage Cancer Model. Front Oncol 2019; 9:353. [PMID: 31134152 PMCID: PMC6524318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Talazoparib, a potent PARP inhibitor, induces synthetic lethality in BRCA-deficient cancers making it an attractive candidate for ovarian cancer treatment. However, its potency lends itself to side effects associated more closely with traditional chemotherapeutics than other clinically approved PARP inhbitors. We sought to formulate Talazoparib in a nanoparticle delivery system, which allows the drug to be administered intraperitoneally. This was done to specifically target peritoneal dissemination of late stage metastatic ovarian cancer and increase talazoparib's therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxic side effects. NanoTalazoparib was developed and characterized with regard to its size, loading, and surface charge. Talazoparib and NanoTalazoparib were tested on a panel of murine and human BRCA cell lines and the dose response was compared to Olaparib's, the currently used PARP inhibitor. Therapeutic efficacy was tested in vivo in a Brca peritoneal cancer model that mimics late stage disseminated disease. NanoTalazoparib has a diameter of about 70 nm with a neutral surface charge and ~75% encapsulation efficiency, which slowly releases the drug over several hours. Dose response analysis indicated that the murine cell lines with conditional BRCA1/2, PTEN, and TP53 deletions had the lowest IC50s. NanoTalazoparib administered on a schedule of three doses weekly slowed disease progression and resulted in significantly less mice with ascites at the end point compared to controls. These results indicate that the slow release nanoformulation, NanoTalazoparib, effectively delivers PARP inhibitor therapy to the peritoneal cavity for disseminated cancer treatment. The ability to decrease ascites formation with the introduction of intraperitoneal NanoTalazoparib suggests this treatment may be an effective way to treat ovarian cancer-associated ascites and slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Baldwin
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anders W Ohman
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jamie E Medina
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric T McCarthy
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniela M Dinulescu
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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46
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Pilié PG, Tang C, Mills GB, Yap TA. State-of-the-art strategies for targeting the DNA damage response in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:81-104. [PMID: 30356138 PMCID: PMC8327299 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 702] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a key hallmark of cancer that arises owing to defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) and/or increased replication stress. These alterations promote the clonal evolution of cancer cells via the accumulation of driver aberrations, including gene copy-number changes, rearrangements and mutations; however, these same defects also create vulnerabilities that are relatively specific to cancer cells, which could potentially be exploited to increase the therapeutic index of anticancer treatments and thereby improve patient outcomes. The discovery that BRCA-mutant cancer cells are exquisitely sensitive to inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase has ushered in a new era of research on biomarker-driven synthetic lethal treatment strategies for different cancers. The therapeutic landscape of antitumour agents targeting the DDR has rapidly expanded to include inhibitors of other key mediators of DNA repair and replication, such as ATM, ATR, CHK1 and CHK2, DNA-PK and WEE1. Efforts to optimize these therapies are ongoing across a range of cancers, involving the development of predictive biomarker assays of responsiveness (beyond BRCA mutations), assessment of the mechanisms underlying intrinsic and acquired resistance, and evaluation of rational, tolerable combinations with standard-of-care treatments (such as chemotherapeutics and radiation), novel molecularly targeted agents and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. In this Review, we discuss the current status of anticancer therapies targeting the DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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LaFargue CJ, Dal Molin GZ, Sood AK, Coleman RL. Exploring and comparing adverse events between PARP inhibitors. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:e15-e28. [PMID: 30614472 PMCID: PMC7292736 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat. Targeted therapies such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have emerged as one of the most exciting new treatments for ovarian cancer, particularly in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations or those without a functional homologous recombination repair pathway. Perhaps the most advantageous characteristic of PARP inhibitors is their mechanism of action, which targets cancer cells on the basis of their inherent deficiencies while seemingly avoiding normally functioning cells. Although health-care providers might assume a low toxicity profile because of their specific mechanism of action, PARP inhibitors are not completely benign and overall show a class effect adverse-event profile. Further complicating this situation, three different PARP inhibitors have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration since 2014, each with their own specific indications and individual toxicity profiles. The diversity of adverse events seen both within and across this class of drug underscores the importance of having a comprehensive reference to help guide clinical decision making when treating patients. This Review characterises and compares all toxicities associated with each PARP inhibitor, both in monotherapy and in novel combinations with other drugs, with a particular focus on potential management strategies to help mitigate toxic effects. Although the excitement surrounding PARP inhibitors might certainly be warranted, a thorough understanding of all associated toxicities is imperative to ensure that patients can achieve maximal clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J LaFargue
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Graziela Z Dal Molin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor rucaparib suppresses proliferation and serves as an effective radiosensitizer in cervical cancer. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:65-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Konstantinopoulos PA, Matulonis UA. PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer: A Trailblazing and Transformative Journey. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4062-4065. [PMID: 29871906 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have transformed treatment for ovarian cancer, a cancer notable for homologous recombination (HR) deficiencies and aberrant DNA repair, especially in the high-grade serous subtype. PARP inhibitors are now approved for recurrent ovarian cancer as maintenance following response to platinum chemotherapy and BRCA-mutated (BRCAm) cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4062-5. ©2018 AACRSee related article by Ison et al., p. 4066.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts.
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Boscutti G, Nardon C, Marchiò L, Crisma M, Biondi B, Dalzoppo D, Dalla Via L, Formaggio F, Casini A, Fregona D. Anticancer Gold(III) Peptidomimetics: From Synthesis to in vitro and ex vivo Biological Evaluations. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1131-1145. [PMID: 29570944 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Five new AuIII -peptidodithiocarbamato complexes of the type [AuIII Br2 (dtc-AA1 -AA2 -OR] (in which AA1 =N-methylglycine (Sar), l/d-Pro; AA2 =l/d-Ala, α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib); R=OtBu, triethylene glycol methyl ether), differing with regard to the amino acid sequence and/or the chiral amino acid configuration, were designed to enhance tumor selectivity and bioavailability. The gold(III)-based moiety was functionalized to exploit the targeting properties of the peptidomimetic ligand toward two peptide transporters (namely PEPT1 and PEPT2), which are upregulated in several tumor cells. The compounds were synthesized and fully characterized, mainly by means of elemental analysis, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The crystal structures of three compounds were also solved by X-ray diffraction. In vitro cytotoxicity studies using a panel of human tumor cell lines (A549 [non-small-cell lung carcinoma], MCF-7 [breast cancer], A2780 [ovarian carcinoma], H1975 [non-small-cell lung carcinoma], H460 [large-cell lung carcinoma], and A431 [human epidermoid carcinoma]) showed the dtc-Pro-Aib-OtBu derivative to be very effective, with GI50 values much lower than those of cisplatin. This complex was thus selected for evaluating stability under physiological conditions and possible interactions with serum albumin, as well in PARP-1 enzyme inhibition assays and preliminary ex vivo toxicity experiments on healthy rat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Boscutti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Nardon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43121, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Dalzoppo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, UK.,Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 GV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolores Fregona
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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