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Wang Q, Gan Z, Wang X, Li X, Zhao L, Li D, Xu Z, Mu C, Ge L, Li D. Dissolving Hyaluronic Acid-Based Microneedles to Transdermally Deliver Eugenol Combined with Photothermal Therapy for Acne Vulgaris Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21595-21609. [PMID: 38635857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A microneedle transdermal drug delivery system simultaneously avoids systemic toxicity of oral administration and low efficiency of traditional transdermal administration, which is of great significance for acne vulgaris therapy. Herein, eugenol-loaded hyaluronic acid-based dissolving microneedles (E@P-EO-HA MNs) with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities are developed for acne vulgaris therapy via eugenol transdermal delivery integrated with photothermal therapy. E@P-EO-HA MNs are pyramid-shaped with a sharp tip and a hollow cavity structure, which possess sufficient mechanical strength to penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin and achieve transdermal delivery, in addition to excellent in vivo biocompatibility. Significantly, E@P-EO-HA MNs show effective photothermal therapy to destroy sebaceous glands and achieve antibacterial activity against deep-seated Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) under near-infrared-light irradiation. Moreover, cavity-loaded eugenol is released from rapidly dissolved microneedle bodies to play a sustained antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy on the P. acnes infectious wound. E@P-EO-HA MNs based on a synergistic therapeutic strategy combining photothermal therapy and eugenol transdermal administration can significantly alleviate inflammatory response and ultimately facilitate the repair of acne vulgaris. Overall, E@P-EO-HA MNs are expected to be clinically applied as a functional minimally invasive transdermal delivery strategy for superficial skin diseases therapy in skin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xinying Li
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Derong Li
- People's Hospital of Lanshan District, Linyi 27600, P. R. China
| | - Zhilang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Changdao Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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2
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He P, Low RJY, Burns SF, Lipik V, Tok AIY. Enhanced far infrared emissivity, UV protection and near-infrared shielding of polypropylene composites via incorporation of natural mineral for functional fabric development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22329. [PMID: 38102206 PMCID: PMC10724279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Far infrared radiation in the range of 4-20 µm has been showed to have biological and health benefits to the human body. Therefore, incorporating far-infrared emissivity additives into polymers and/or fabrics hold promise for the development of functional textiles. In this study, we incorporated nine types of natural minerals into polypropylene (PP) film and examined their properties to identify potential candidates for functional textiles and apparels. The addition of 2% mineral powders into PP film increased the far-infrared emissivity (5-14 µm) by 7.65%-14.48%. The improvement in far-infrared emissivity within the range of 5-14 µm, which overlaps with the peak range of human skin radiation at 8-14 µm, results in increased absorption efficiency, and have the potential to enhance thermal and biological effects. Moreover, the incorporation of mineral powders in PP films exhibited favorable ultraviolet (UV) protection and near-infrared (NIR) shielding properties. Two films, specifically those containing red ochre and hematite, demonstrated excellent UV protection with a UPF rating of 50+ and blocked 99.92% and 98.73% of UV radiation, respectively. Additionally, they showed 95.2% and 93.2% NIR shielding properties, compared to 54.1% NIR shielding properties of PP blank films. The UV protection and NIR shielding properties offered additional advantages for the utilization of polymer composite with additives in the development of sportswear and other outdoor garments. The incorporation of minerals could absorb near-IR radiation and re-emit them at longer wavelength in the mid-IR region. Furthermore, the incorporation of minerals significantly improved the heat retention of PP films under same heat radiation treatment. Notably, films with red ochre and hematite exhibited a dramatic temperature increase, reaching 2.5 and 3.2 times the temperature increase of PP films under same heat radiation treatment, respectively (46.8 °C and 59.9 °C higher than the temperature increase of 20.9 °C in the PP film). Films with additives also demonstrated lower thermal effusivity than PP blank films, indicating superior heat insulation properties. Therefore, polypropylene films with mineral additives, particularly those containing red ochre and hematite, showed remarkable heat capacity, UV-protection, NIR-shielding properties and enhanced far infrared emissivity, making them promising candidates for the development of functional textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Rayland Jun Yan Low
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Stephen Francis Burns
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Vitali Lipik
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Alfred Iing Yoong Tok
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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3
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Tsioptsias C. Thermodynamic and Vibrational Aspects of Peptide Bond Hydrolysis and Their Potential Relationship to the Harmfulness of Infrared Radiation. Molecules 2023; 28:7902. [PMID: 38067631 PMCID: PMC10707974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary physicochemical effect upon exposure to infrared radiation (IR) is the temperature increase of cells. The degradation of proteins via the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is related to cell malfunction. In this work, the degradation of proteins/peptides under the influence of IR radiation is theoretically studied. It is shown that the low value of enthalpy of peptide bond hydrolysis has two consequences: (a) the enthalpy of hydrolysis is sensitive to small variations in the bond strength, and the hydrolysis of weak peptide bonds is exothermic, while the hydrolysis of stronger bonds is endothermic; (b) the increase in temperature (e.g., due to IR exposure) changes the enthalpy of the reaction of some weak peptide bonds from exothermic to endothermic (that is, their hydrolysis will be favored upon further increase in temperature). Simple calculations reveal that the amount of absorbed energy during the overtone and hot band transitions of the H-O-H and C-N stretching vibrations is comparable to the activation energy of the (uncatalyzed) hydrolysis. A critical discussion is provided regarding the influence of different IR wavelengths on peptide bond hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Tsioptsias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50132 Kozani, Greece
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4
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Tanaka S, Sakaue H, Koiwai T, Okuda N, Okuyama K, Horioka Y, Hiramatsu Y, Kawashima M, Ishiguro N, Sato T. Near-infrared radiation causes sebaceous gland enlargement along with an ROS-dependent augmentation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in hamsters. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1717-1724. [PMID: 37401827 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
As near-infrared radiation (NIR), which is a composition of sunlight with an 780-1400 nm wavelength, is associated with skin aging such as wrinkles and slacks, the biological actions of NIR with high dermal penetration remains unclear. In the present study, we found that NIR irradiation (40 J/cm2 ) at different levels of irradiance (95-190 mW/cm2 ) using a laboratory device with a xenon flash lamp (780-1700 nm) caused sebaceous gland enlargement concomitantly with skin thickening in the auricle skin of hamsters. The sebaceous gland enlargement resulted from the proliferation of sebocytes due to an increase in the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)- and lamin B1-positive cells in vivo. In addition, NIR irradiation transcriptionally augmented the production of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) accompanied with an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in hamster sebocytes in vitro. Furthermore, the administration of hydrogen peroxide increased the level of EGFR mRNA in the sebocytes. Therefore, these results provide novel evidence that NIR irradiation causes the hyperplasia of sebaceous glands in hamsters by mechanisms in which EGFR production is transcriptionally augmented through ROS-dependent pathways in sebocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakaue
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Koiwai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Okuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuki Okuyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Makoto Kawashima
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Ishiguro
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang L, Zeng H, Jiang L, Fu C, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhang X, Zhu L, Zhang F, Huang J, Chen J, Zeng Q. Heat promotes melanogenesis by increasing the paracrine effects in keratinocytes via the TRPV3/Ca 2+/Hh signaling pathway. iScience 2023; 26:106749. [PMID: 37216091 PMCID: PMC10192915 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming and rising temperature significantly increase the incidence of heat stress, which is known to affect the process of inflammation and aging. However, the effect of heat stress on skin melanogenesis is not fully known. We found that healthy foreskin tissues underwent significant pigmentation when exposed to 41°C. Furthermore, heat stress promoted melanogenesis in pigment cells by increasing the paracrine effects of keratinocytes. High-throughput RNA sequencing showed that heat stress activates the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway in keratinocytes. The agonists of Hh signaling promote the paracrine effect of keratinocytes on melanogenesis. In addition, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 3 agonists activate the Hh signaling in keratinocytes and augment its paracrine effect on melanogenesis. The heat-induced activation of Hh signaling is dependent on TRPV3-mediated Ca2+ influx. Heat exposure promotes melanogenesis by increasing the paracrine effects in keratinocytes via the TRPV3/Ca2+/Hh signaling pathway. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms of heat-induced skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Center of Medical Laboratory Animal, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chuhan Fu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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6
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Calzari P, Vaienti S, Nazzaro G. Uses of Polypodium leucotomos Extract in Oncodermatology. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020673. [PMID: 36675602 PMCID: PMC9861608 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of UV radiation on the skin and its damage mechanisms are well known. New modalities of exogenous photoprotection have been studied. It was demonstrated that Polypodium leucotomos extract acts as an antioxidant, photoprotectant, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulator. It is effective when taken orally and/or applied topically to support the prevention of skin cancers. It also has an important role in preventing photoaging. This review aims to report the mechanisms through which Polypodium leucotomos acts and to analyze its uses in oncodermatology with references to in vitro and in vivo studies. Additionally, alternative uses in non-neoplastic diseases, such as pigmentary disorders, photosensitivity, and atopic dermatitis, have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Calzari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Vaienti
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 30127 Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Nazzaro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, Foundation IRCCS, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Arranz-Paraíso D, Sola Y, Baeza-Moyano D, Benítez-Martínez M, Melero-Tur S, González-Lezcano RA. Mitochondria and light: An overview of the pathways triggered in skin and retina with incident infrared radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112614. [PMID: 36469983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Slightly more than half of the solar radiation that passes through the atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface is infrared. Over the past few years, many papers have been published on the possible positive effects of receiving this part of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this article we analyse the role of mitochondria in the supposed effects of infrared light based on the published literature. It is claimed that ATP synthesis is stimulated, which has a positive effect on the skin by increasing fibroblast proliferation, anchorage and production of collagen fibres, procollagen, and various cytokines responsible for the wound healing process, such as keratinocyte growth factor. Currently there are infrared light emitting equipment whose manufacturers and the centres where this service or treatment is offered claim that they are used for skin rejuvenation among other positive effects. Based on the literature review, it is necessary to deepen the scientific study of the mechanism of absorption of infrared radiation through the skin to better understand its possible positive effects, the risks of overexposure and to improve consumer health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arranz-Paraíso
- Área de conocimiento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Sola
- Group of Meteorology, Department of Applied Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Baeza-Moyano
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Benítez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sofía Melero-Tur
- Departamento de arquitectura y diseño, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano
- Departamento de arquitectura y diseño, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Park GK, Jang W, Kim BY, Oh K, Kim YA, Kwon HJ, Kim S, Park BJ. Chemical constituents from
Hibiscus hamabo
and their antiphotoaging effects on
UVA
‐induced
CCD
‐986sk. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwee Kyo Park
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Wookju Jang
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yun Kim
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Eon Oh
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - You Ah. Kim
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Joon Kwon
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soo‐Young Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Biological Resources Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Jun Park
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
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9
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Pourzand C, Albieri-Borges A, Raczek NN. Shedding a New Light on Skin Aging, Iron- and Redox-Homeostasis and Emerging Natural Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:471. [PMID: 35326121 PMCID: PMC8944509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for normal cell signaling and the antimicrobial defense of the skin. However excess production of ROS can disrupt the cellular redox balance and overwhelm the cellular antioxidant (AO) capacity, leading to oxidative stress. In the skin, oxidative stress plays a key role in driving both extrinsic and intrinsic aging. Sunlight exposure has also been a major contributor to extrinsic photoaging of the skin as its oxidising components disrupt both redox- and iron-homeostasis, promoting oxidative damage to skin cells and tissue constituents. Upon oxidative insults, the interplay between excess accumulation of ROS and redox-active labile iron (LI) and its detrimental consequences to the skin are often overlooked. In this review we have revisited the oxidative mechanisms underlying skin damage and aging by focussing on the concerted action of ROS and redox-active LI in the initiation and progression of intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging processes. Based on these, we propose to redefine the selection criteria for skin antiaging and photoprotective ingredients to include natural antioxidants (AOs) exhibiting robust redox-balancing and/or iron-chelating properties. This would promote the concept of natural-based or bio-inspired bifunctional anti-aging and photoprotective ingredients for skincare and sunscreen formulations with both AO and iron-chelating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charareh Pourzand
- Medicines Design, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Andrea Albieri-Borges
- Research and Development, ASEA LLC., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (A.A.-B.); (N.N.R.)
| | - Nico N. Raczek
- Research and Development, ASEA LLC., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (A.A.-B.); (N.N.R.)
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10
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Liang CH, Chen YJ. Preparation of High-Performance Metal-Free UV/Near Infrared-Shielding Films for Human Skin Protection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1954. [PMID: 34443786 PMCID: PMC8401668 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of metal-free UV/near infrared (NIR)-shielding coatings are successfully fabricated by shielded cathodic arc plasma evaporation (CAPE) and substrate-biased RF magnetron sputtering processes. The UV/NIR-shielding coatings comprising quarter-wave stacks of TiO2/SiO2 multilayers and high-conductivity sputter-deposited ITO films with a thickness in the range of 200-600 nm could block IRA and IRB radiations, respectively. The total thicknesses of UV/near infrared-shielding films are in the range from 375 nm to 1513.8 nm. The anatase-phase TiO2 films with absorption edge located at ∼375 nm were deposited by shielded CAPE at ∼100 °C. Further, the well-crystallized ITO films were found to have high free-electron concentrations (1.12 × 1021 cm-3), resulting in strong absorption of IRB due to the plasmon resonance absorption. The optimal optical design and ITO film thickness were investigated, and the TiO2(SiO2/TiO2)3 multilayer combined with an ITO film thickness of 400 nm was found to provide a high NIR-shielding rate of 94.8%, UVB to UVA-shielding rate of 92.7%, and average visible light transmittance of 68.1%. Further, human skin cells protected by a UV/NIR-shielding coating showed significantly decreased reactive oxygen species generation and inflammatory cytokine expression as compared to those of unprotected cells. The results demonstrate that the development of multifunction coatings have potential for transparent heat insulation windows and human skin protection against UV/IR radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Liang
- R&D Division, Walsin Technology Corporation, Kaohsiung 806, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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11
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Phenolic Extract from Aralia nudicaulis L. Rhizomes Inhibits Cellular Oxidative Stresses. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154458. [PMID: 34361611 PMCID: PMC8347711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-B and IR-A radiation are important inducers of biological changes in skin involving ROS generation. The overloading of antioxidant defense mechanisms by ROS production could lead to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis processes. Various traditional usages are reported for Aralia nudicaulis L. extracts, including treatment of dermatological disorders. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have already been reported for other Aralia species possibly due to the presence of phenolic compounds. However, the phenolic composition and the potential activity of A. nudicaulis rhizomes extract against oxidative stress and UV/IR damages have not been investigated. The main aims of this study were to prepare a fraction enriched in phenolic compounds (FEPC) from A. nudicaulis rhizomes, to identify its major phenolic compounds and to assess its potential for protective effects against oxidative stress induced by UV-B, IR-A or inflammation. A quantitative LC-MS study of FEPC shows that chlorogenic, caffeic and protocatechuic acids are the main phenolic compounds present, with concentrations of 15.6%, 15.3% and 4.8% of the total composition, respectively. With a validated analytical method, those compounds were quantified over different stages of the growing period. As for biological potential, first this extract demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, ROS generation induced by IR-A and UV-B were strongly inhibited by A. nudicaulis extract, suggesting that Aralia nudicaulis L. rhizome extract could protect dermal cells against oxidative stress induced by UV-B and IR-A.
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12
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Baswan SM, Klosner AE, Weir C, Salter-Venzon D, Gellenbeck KW, Leverett J, Krutmann J. Role of ingestible carotenoids in skin protection: A review of clinical evidence. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 37:490-504. [PMID: 33955073 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids, a class of phytonutrients, have been well established to boost skin's innate resistance against ultraviolet (UV) B-induced erythema (sunburn). Many of the published clinical studies thus far have focused on the measurement of erythema as the primary clinical indicator of skin protection against UVB radiation. More recent studies have shown that carotenoid supplementation provides even more skin protection than previously shown as new clinical and molecular endpoints beyond UVB-induced erythema have been reported. These recent studies have demonstrated that carotenoids also provide photoprotection against UVA-induced pigmentation and inhibit molecular markers of oxidative stress such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1, heme oxygenase-1, and matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 9. This article provides a comprehensive review of the published clinical evidence on skin benefits of carotenoids in the last five decades and indicates new perspectives on the role of ingestible carotenoids in skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison E Klosner
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Buena Park, CA, USA
| | - Cathy Weir
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, USA
| | - Dawna Salter-Venzon
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Buena Park, CA, USA
| | - Kevin W Gellenbeck
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Buena Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Krutmann J, Schalka S, Watson REB, Wei L, Morita A. Daily photoprotection to prevent photoaging. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 37:482-489. [PMID: 33896049 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrinsic skin aging or photoaging was previously thought to be almost exclusively due to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, recent literature has described other contributing factors and clarification is thus required as to what extent and what type of daily photoprotection is needed to mitigate extrinsic skin aging. METHODS We reviewed the existing scientific evidence on daily photoprotection, and specific requirements at the product level, to prevent extrinsic skin aging. We critically reviewed the existing evidence on potential ecological and toxicological risks which might be associated with daily photoprotection. RESULTS Evidence shows that broad protection against the entire solar range of UVB, UVA, UVA1, visible light, and short infrared (IRA) is required to prevent extrinsic aging. Other exposome factors, such as air pollution and smoking, also contribute to skin aging. Daily broad-spectrum sunscreen photoprotection should thus contain antioxidant ingredients for additional benefits against UV, IRA, and pollution-induced oxidative stress as well as anti-aging active ingredients to provide clinical benefits against skin aging signs, such as wrinkles and dark spots. Broad-spectrum sunscreen containing pigments, such as iron oxide, may be required for melasma prevention. There is no conclusive clinical evidence that daily sunscreen use is unsafe or that it compromises vitamin D synthesis. CONCLUSION Daily use of broad-spectrum sunscreen containing antioxidant and anti-aging active ingredients can effectively reduce extrinsic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Krutmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Medical faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sérgio Schalka
- Medcin Skin research Center and Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel Elizabeth Beatrice Watson
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital of Air Force PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Kim SJ, Lee HJ, Lee JH, Oh H, Park S, Lim DH, Park MS, Lee JB. In vivo determination of the Infrared-A protection factor on human skin. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:814-823. [PMID: 33665925 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to infrared A (IR-A) irradiation causes photoaging. However, daily or acute exposure to IR-A rarely induces erythema or pigmentation. Thus, evaluation of the physiological changes taking place on the skin surface is insufficient for clinical investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We fabricated a novel device to obtain the IR-A protection factor (IPF) on human skin. This device consists of an artificial light source that mimics the actual IR-A intensity of sunlight, and a spectrophotometer to measure the spectral reflectance on the skin surface. The IPF can be determined by measuring the difference in spectral reflectance on the skin before and after the use of products and can be verified by the statistical criterion. A validation study was performed using different light intensities and two experimenters. Finally, we monitored the IPF on 12 commercial cosmetics. RESULTS After considering the IPF and L*-values, we selected the optimal sample and performed a validation study. Neither the intensity of IR-A irradiation or the experimenters significantly affected the IPF. 12 commercial products exhibited their own IPF values and were verified by statistical criteria, with one exception. CONCLUSION The present IPF evaluation method was concluded to be robust and reliable. This method is simple and safe for the subjects, and could be helpful for the development of IR-A protection products and the confirmation of product performances.
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chen G. Far Infrared-assisted Sample Extraction and Solvent Removal for Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of the Bioactive Constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190523115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sample preparation is crucially important for the capillary electrophoretic
measurement of the bioactive constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium because conventional
solvent extraction is time-consuming and the solvent peaks seriously interfere with the measured
capillary electropherograms.
Objective:
The objective of the present study is to establish far infrared-assisted sample preparation
approaches for the analysis of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium.
Methods:
Synephrine and hesperidin in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were determined by capillary
electrophoresis in combination with far infrared-assisted sample extraction and solvent removal.
Results:
The effects of detection potentials, irradiation times and the voltages applied to the infrared
generator were investigated to acquire the optimal assay conditions. Synephrine and hesperidin
could be well separated within 6 min at a separation voltage of 9 kV in an alkaline borate solution.
Satisfactory linearity was observed over the concentration range of 0.001 to 1 mM with the detection
limits of 0.43 and 0.52 μM for synephrine and hesperidin, respectively. The results exhibited
that far infrared irradiations could enhance the efficiencies of sample extraction and solvent removal
during the sample preparation of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. The extraction time was
significantly reduced to 6 min while the interference of the solvent peaks towards the electropherograms
was eliminated.
Conclusion:
Far infrared-accelerated extraction and solvent removal were employed in the capillary
electrophoretic determination of the bioactive constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium
with satisfactory results. The ease, simplicity, efficiency and low cost of the novel sample preparation
approaches indicate they may find a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Luyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Environmentally Friendly Methods for Flavonoid Extraction from Plant Material: Impact of Their Operating Conditions on Yield and Antioxidant Properties. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:6792069. [PMID: 32908461 PMCID: PMC7474796 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6792069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids are compounds synthesized by plants, and they have properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial, among others. One of the most important bioactive properties of flavonoids is their antioxidant effect. Synthetic antioxidants have side toxic effects whilst natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids from natural sources, have relatively low toxicity. Therefore, it is important to incorporate flavonoids derived from natural sources in several products such as foods, cosmetics, and drugs. For this reason, there is currently a need to extract flavonoids from plant resources. In this review are described the most important parameters involved in the extraction of flavonoids by unconventional methods such as ultrasound, pressurized liquid extraction, mechanochemical, high hydrostatic pressure, supercritical fluid, negative pressure cavitation, intensification of vaporization by decompression to the vacuum, microwave, infrared, pulsed electric field, high-voltage electrical discharges, and enzyme-assisted extraction. There are no unified operation conditions to achieve high yields and purity. Notwithstanding, progress has been achieved in the development of more advanced and environmentally friendly methods of extraction. Although in literature are found important advances, a complete understanding of the extraction process in each of the unconventional techniques is needed to determine the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms that govern each of the techniques.
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Interaction Between Near-Infrared Radiation and Temozolomide in a Glioblastoma Multiform Cell Line: A Treatment Strategy? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:91-104. [PMID: 32236902 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential therapeutic modality against cancer, resulting from the interaction of a photosensitizer (PS) and radiation that generates damage to tumor cells. The use of near-infrared radiation (IR-A) is relevant because presents recognized biological effects, such as antioxidant, neuroprotective and antitumor effects. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm with high proliferation and tissue invasion capacity and is resistant to radio and chemotherapy. Here, we evaluated in vitro the possible interaction of temozolomide (TMZ) with IR-A in a glioblastoma cell line (C6) and in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCat) how non-tumor cell model, in an attempt to search for a new treatment strategy. The effects of TMZ, IR-A and the interaction between TMZ and IR-A was evaluated by viability exclusion with trypan blue. To perform the interaction experiments, we have chosen 10 μM TMZ and 4.5 J/cm2 of IR-A. From this, we evaluated cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels (ROS), as well as the process of cell migration and the P-gp and MRP-1 activity. Cell death mainly due to apoptosis, followed by necrosis, decreased cell proliferation, increased ROS levels, decreased cell migration and decreased P-gp and MRP1 activity were observed only when there was interaction between TMZ and IR-A in the C6 cell line. The interaction between TMZ and IR-A was not able to affect cell proliferation in the HaCat non-tumor cell line. Our results suggest that this interaction could be a promising approach and that in the future may serve as an antitumor strategy for PDT application.
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Grandi C, D’Ovidio MC. Balance between Health Risks and Benefits for Outdoor Workers Exposed to Solar Radiation: An Overview on the Role of Near Infrared Radiation Alone and in Combination with Other Solar Spectral Bands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1357. [PMID: 32093162 PMCID: PMC7068431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared or infrared A (IRA) accounts for over 40% of the solar spectrum (SS) and is able to reach subcutaneous tissue as well as the retina. Outdoor workers are occupationally exposed to solar radiation (SR), but the level of exposure may differ widely depending on the job performed, time spent outdoors, latitude, altitude, season, personal protection, etc. Until now, risk assessment and management for outdoor workers has focused on the prevention of both acute and long-term effects on the eye and the skin due to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) with little consideration of the other components of the SS (a possible exception is represented by visible radiation with reference to the eye). A growing body of evidence coming from in vitro studies indicates that IRA is involved in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and may interfere with the respiratory chain in the mitochondria. Moreover, it can modulate gene expression and some metabolic pathways. The biological action of IRA is only partly attributable to a thermal mechanism, should it be also involved in photochemical ones. The cellular and molecular pathways affected by IRA are partly similar and partly different with respect to those involved in the case of visible ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Consequently, the net effect of the SS is very difficult to predict at different levels of the biological organization, making more difficult the final balance of health risk and benefits (for the skin, eye, immune system, blood pressure, etc.) in a given exposure situation. Moreover, few in vivo studies and no epidemiological data are presently available in this regard. Investigating this topic may contribute to better defining the individual exposome. More practically, it is expected to bring benefits to the risk assessment and management for outdoor workers exposed to SS, contributing to: (1) better definition of the individual profiles of susceptibility, (2) more focused preventive and protective measures, (3) better implementation of the health surveillance and (4) a more effective information and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Grandi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy;
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Hydrangenol Isolated from the Leaves of Hydrangea serrata Attenuates Wrinkle Formation and Repairs Skin Moisture in UVB-Irradiated Hairless Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102354. [PMID: 31581754 PMCID: PMC6835603 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that hydrangenol isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves exerts antiphotoaging activity in vitro. In this study, we determined its antiphotoaging effect in UVB-irradiated HR-1 hairless mice. We evaluated wrinkle formation, skin thickness, histological characteristics, and mRNA and protein expression using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis in dorsal skins. Hydrangenol mitigated wrinkle formation, dorsal thickness, dehydration, and collagen degradation. Hydrangenol increased the expression of involucrin, filaggrin, and aquaporin-3 (AQP3) as well as hyaluronic acid (HA) production via hyaluronidase (HYAL)-1/-2 downregulation. Consistent with the recovery of collagen composition, the expression of Pro-COL1A1 was increased by hydrangenol. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/-3, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression was reduced by hydrangenol. Hydrangenol attenuated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK and p38, activator protein 1 (AP-1) subunit, and signal transduction and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1). Hydrangenol upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1), glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalysis subunit (GCLC). Taken together, our data suggest that hydrangenol can prevent wrinkle formation by reducing MMP and inflammatory cytokine levels and increasing the expression of moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes.
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Han JH, Bang JS, Choi YJ, Choung SY. Oral administration of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hydrolysates protects against wrinkle formation by regulating the MAPK pathway in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1436-1446. [PMID: 30949655 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces wrinkle formation. UV exposure increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which results in skin photoaging. Oyster (Crassostrea gigas), which is an abundant food resource in Asia and Europe, contains various sources of biological compounds and has several effects. Also, oyster hydrolysate (OH) has many biological activities. We investigated the inhibitory effects of OH on wrinkle formation in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. We induced UVB irradiation in hairless mice for 18 weeks and administered OH orally from the 9th week to the 18th week. We performed skin replicas and histological analyses in UVB-irradiated hairless mice dorsal skins. To determine the inhibitory mechanism of OH on wrinkle formation, we measured gene and protein expressions in dorsal skin using RT-qPCR and western blot analyses respectively. In our study, OH decreases wrinkle formation, epidermal thickness and collagen degradation in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. The gene expressions of MMPs were decreased and the gene expressions of collagen type I and TIMP-1 were increased in OH administered groups. Like gene expression tendencies, the protein expressions of MMPs were reduced and that of collagen type I was increased. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38 were reduced in OH administered groups. We found that OH inhibits wrinkle formation, skin thickening, and collagen degradation by downregulating the MMP expression via the regulation of phosphorylation of MAPK. The results showed that OH significantly prevents UVB-induced photoaging in dorsal skin. Consistent with in vivo data, OH has potential as an anti-wrinkle agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeong Han
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SJ, Bae J, Lee SE, Lee JB, Park CH, Lim DH, Park MS, Ha J. A novel in vivo test method for evaluating the infrared radiation protection provided by sunscreen products. Skin Res Technol 2019; 25:890-895. [PMID: 31338921 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infrared radiation (IR) exposure generates reactive oxygen species and induces matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in human skin. Moreover, while not as acute as ultraviolet radiation, repeated infrared irradiation can result in the photoaging of skin. Broad-spectrum sunscreens can protect skin from IR, but no human in vivo test methods for the evaluation of sunscreens' IR protection effect have been developed. We aimed to develop such a method. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 155 Korean subjects in our three-part clinical study. The IR reflectance of subjects' skin was measured using a benchtop model of an IR light source and a reflectance measuring probe. We measured the IR reflectance in relation to skin color and hydration level to set up our experimental conditions. We then calculated the infrared protection factors (IPFs) of cosmetic emulsions as the IR reflectance ratio between cosmetic sunscreen-applied skin and non-sunscreen-applied skin and assessed the relationship between IPFs and the amount of sunscreen ingredients. Finally, this method was validated using several commercial sunscreen cosmetics. RESULTS Skin color and hydration level did not influence the IR reflectance of subjects' skin. The IPFs of cosmetic sunscreens showed a positive correlation with the amount of inorganic sunscreen ingredients. CONCLUSION In this study, we developed a simple, fast, and ethically acceptable human in vivo test method for evaluating the IPFs of cosmetic sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ji Kim
- Cosmax Inc, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jiyoun Bae
- I.E.C. Korea, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Korea
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Park SH, Lee SS, Bang MH, Jo SK, Jhee KH, Yang SA. Protection against UVB-induced damages in human dermal fibroblasts: efficacy of tricin isolated from enzyme-treated Zizania latifolia extract. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:551-560. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1554424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to determine the effects of enzyme-treated Zizania latifolia (ETZL) and of its major compound tricin on skin photo-aging and to investigate the mechanisms involved. It was found ETZL and tricin suppressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production and increased type I-procollagen production in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Furthermore, ETZL and tricin significantly up-regulated the expressions of the antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and SOD1, reduced UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) induction by ROS and thereby attenuated activator protein-1 (AP-1) expression. In addition, ETZL and tricin both reduced the phosphorylations of IκBα and IKKα/ß and κB blocked the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. These results show that ETZL have skin protective effects against UVB and suggest tricin as major efficacious material in ETZL protecting skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ho Park
- Institute of Natural Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Korea
| | - Seung-Su Lee
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myun-Ho Bang
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Kwang-Hwan Jhee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Korea
| | - Seun-Ah Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Spherical Composite Powder by Coupling Polymethyl Methacrylate and Boron Nitride via Spray Drying for Cosmetic Application. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050706. [PMID: 30823370 PMCID: PMC6427651 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, spherical composite powder was successfully prepared via spray drying process using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) powders. The pristine and as-prepared composite powders were examined using scanning electron microscopy, a particle size analyzer, oil absorption, and specific surface area analyses. These powders were then mixed with linseed oil to prepare samples for UV-Visible-Near Infrared spectroscopy investigation to determine their light absorption ability. Blank and powder-added blemish balm creams were examined using a sun protection factor tester and a thermal conductivity tester. In addition, transmittances of these creams were also evaluated. The experimental results show that spray-dried spherical composite powder exhibited good oil absorption ability. The blemish balm cream with 10 wt.% spray-dried composite powder not only exhibited superior sunscreen protection ability, but also good thermal conductivity.
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Wang X, Wang J, Zhang L, Chen G. Carbon Nanotube‐phenolic Resin Composite Electrode Fabricated by Far Infrared‐assisted Crosslinking for Enhanced Amperometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Wang
- School of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Sports and HealthShanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Luyan Zhang
- School of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai 201203 China
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Colvan L, Fleck T, Vega VL. Global periorbital skin rejuvenation by a topical eye cream containing low molecular weight heparan sulfate (LMW-HS) and a blend of naturally derived extracts. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:530-538. [PMID: 30636356 PMCID: PMC6850077 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Maintaining a youthful appearance is a priority for many people. Global eye rejuvenation is sought more frequently and at a younger age than other treatments. Major concerns around the eye area are periorbital hyperpigmentation, puffiness, and lines and wrinkles. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex carbohydrates that modulate skin health, repair and renew skin's appearance. Heparan sulfate (HS) is the most biologically active GAG, although it is too large and polar to penetrate the skin. Low Molecular Weight Heparan Sulfate (LMW‐HS) is a smaller version of HS designed for skin penetration while preserving its activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of a topical eye cream containing LMW‐HS and a blend of naturally derived extracts to address global periorbital rejuvenation. Method A single‐center, open‐label study including female and male subjects (n = 15) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of an eye cream containing LMW‐HS and a blend of naturally derived extracts applied twice daily for 12 weeks. Results Improvements in the appearance of periorbital hyperpigmentation and fine and coarse wrinkles were observed as early as week 2 with continuous improvement up to 12 weeks. Decrease in puffiness (73%) and dark circles (93%) were reported by subjects. The test product was highly rated by subjects on performance and attributes and was well tolerated by all the subjects in this study. Conclusion Results demonstrated that an eye cream containing LMW‐HS and a blend of naturally derived extracts achieved global skin rejuvenation by improving appearance of periorbital hyperpigmentation, puffiness, and fine and coarse wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Colvan
- Research and Development, SENTÉ INC, Carlsbad, California
| | - Tina Fleck
- Research and Development, SENTÉ INC, Carlsbad, California
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Wan D, Han Y, Li F, Mao H, Chen G. Far infrared-assisted removal of extraction solvent for capillary electrophoretic determination of the bioactive constituents in Plumula Nelumbinis. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:582-586. [PMID: 30488648 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Far infrared radiation was employed in the rapid removal of the solvents in the extracts of Plumula Nelumbinis and standard mixture solutions to prevent the interference of the solvent peaks toward their capillary electrophoretic measurements. The sample solutions in small vials were exposed to far infrared ray at 60°C for 3 min to remove solvent. The dried samples in the vials were each dissolved into running buffer with the aid of ultrasonication for capillary electrophoresis analysis. The far infrared-assisted solvent removal approach was sucessfully applied in the rapid determination of neferine, liensinine, isoliensinine, rutin and hyperoside in Plumula Nelumbinis. The five analytes could be well separated within 12 min in a 40 cm long fused silica capillary at a separation voltage of 12 kV in a 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2). The results indicated that the interferences of the solvent peaks in the capillary electropherograms of the herbal drugs were eliminated completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjing Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Institute of Shanghai Architectural Design and Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Farui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hua Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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McDaniel D, Farris P, Valacchi G. Atmospheric skin aging-Contributors and inhibitors. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 17:124-137. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David McDaniel
- McDaniel Laser and Cosmetic Center and McDaniel Institute of Anti-Aging Research; Virginia Beach VA USA
- Hampton University Skin of Color Research Institute; Hampton VA USA
- School of Science; Hampton University; Hampton VA USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Old Dominion University; Norfolk VA USA
| | - Patricia Farris
- Department of Dermatology at Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Old Metairie Dermatology; Metairie LA USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute; Department of Animal Sciences; NC State University; Kannapolis NC USA
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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Rincón-Fontán M, Rodríguez-López L, Vecino X, Cruz J, Moldes A. Design and characterization of greener sunscreen formulations based on mica powder and a biosurfactant extract. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lohan SB, Müller R, Albrecht S, Mink K, Tscherch K, Ismaeel F, Lademann J, Rohn S, Meinke MC. Free radicals induced by sunlight in different spectral regions - in vivo versus ex vivo study. Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:380-5. [PMID: 26910569 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight represents an exogenous factor stimulating formation of free radicals which can induce cell damage. To assess the effect of the different spectral solar regions on the development of free radicals in skin, in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations with human volunteers and ex vivo studies on excised human and porcine skin were carried out. For all skin probes, the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region stimulates the most intensive radical formation, followed by the visible (VIS) and the near infrared (NIR) regions. A comparison between the different skin models shows that for UV light, the fastest and highest production of free radicals could be detected in vivo, followed by excised porcine and human skin. The same distribution pattern was found for the VIS/NIR spectral regions, whereby the differences in radical formation between in vivo and ex vivo were less pronounced. An analysis of lipid composition in vivo before and after exposure to UV light clearly showed modifications in several skin lipid components; a decrease of ceramide subclass [AP2] and an increase of ceramide subclass [NP2], sodium cholesterol sulphate and squalene (SQ) were detectable. In contrast, VIS/NIR irradiation led to an increase of ceramides [AP2] and SCS, and a decrease of SQ. These results, which are largely comparable for the different skin models investigated in vivo and ex vivo, indicate that radiation exposure in different spectral regions strongly influences radical production in skin and also results in changes in skin lipid composition, which is essential for barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke B Lohan
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Albrecht
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mink
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Tscherch
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fakher Ismaeel
- Department of Gynecology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lopes MB, Rajasekaran R, Lopes Cançado ACF, Martin AA. In vivoConfocal Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of the Effects of Infrared Radiation in the Human Skin Dermis. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:613-618. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bergamo Lopes
- Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy; Institute of Research and Development; University of Paraiba Valley (UNIVAP); São José dos Campos Brazil
| | - Ramu Rajasekaran
- Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy; Institute of Research and Development; University of Paraiba Valley (UNIVAP); São José dos Campos Brazil
- Department of Physics; Bannari Amman Institute of Technology; Sathyamangalam India
| | - Ana Clara Figueira Lopes Cançado
- Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy; Institute of Research and Development; University of Paraiba Valley (UNIVAP); São José dos Campos Brazil
| | - Airton Abrahão Martin
- Biomedical Engineering Innovation Center; Universidade Brazil; Itaquera Sao Paulo Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Piaui; Departamento de Fisica; Teresina Brazil
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Lim HW, Arellano-Mendoza MI, Stengel F. Current challenges in photoprotection. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 76:S91-S99. [PMID: 28038886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared ranges all produce biologic effects. Ultraviolet filters are the most well-studied photoprotective measure for the adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation. Because of the reported endocrinologic effects of oxybenzone in animal studies, its effects on coral reefs, and its photocontact allergy potential, its use has been minimized in many countries worldwide. New developments in topical antioxidants and oral and subcutaneous agents (eg, Polypodium leucotomos extract, afamelanotide, nicotinamide) with photoprotective and antiphotocarcinogenic properties could potentially provide addition modalities for protection against the effects of visible light and infrared radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
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Portantiolo Lettnin A, Teixeira Santos Figueiredo Salgado M, Gonsalez Cruz C, Manoel Rodrigues da Silva-Júnior F, Cunha Gonzalez V, de Souza Votto AP, Santos Trindade G, de Moraes Vaz Batista Filgueira D. Protective effect of infrared-A radiation against damage induced by UVB radiation in the melan-a cell line. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Diffey B, Cadars B. An appraisal of the need for infrared radiation protection in sunscreens. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:361-4. [PMID: 26846677 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Many sunscreens incorporate agents that are said to protect against infrared (IR) damage in the skin but we lack any real data on their benefit in the context of normal human behaviour in the sun. The object of this study was to examine typical IR exposure levels to the sun and industrial sources in order to decide whether there is a need for sunscreens to contain agents that protect against IR radiation, specifically the IR-A waveband. We reviewed claims currently made by products offering protection against IR-A and studies on the biological and clinical effects attributed to IR-A, and compared IR-A exposure levels from these studies with those typically received from the sun and from industrial sources. We found that annual levels of IR-A exposure resulting from typical behaviour in the sun are commensurate with those experienced occupationally by workers exposed to industrial sources of IR, such as steel and glass furnaces. Yet these workers appear to suffer little in the way of chronic skin damage. We conclude that there is not compelling evidence to demonstrate that observable, deleterious cutaneous effects are occurring at doses of solar IR radiation corresponding to those experienced by populations in their normal environments and for this reason we believe it is premature to incorporate IR protection into topical sunscreens and to make claims related to ageing of the skin that consumers may expect to see.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Diffey
- Dermatological Sciences, University of Newcastle, UK.
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36
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Chen TF, Baranoski GVG. Melanosome distribution patterns affecting skin reflectance: Implications for the in vivo estimation of epidermal melanin content. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:4415-8. [PMID: 26737274 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Several techniques employed in the in vivo estimation of epidermal melanin content rely on the assumption that the effects of different distribution patterns of aggregated melanin (clustered within the melanosomes) on skin spectral responses, particularly across the 600-1350 nm range, can be ignored. Accordingly, for all practical purposes, only the non-aggregated (colloidal) form of melanin is taken into account by these techniques. In this paper, however, we demonstrate through predictive computer simulations that these responses are directly influenced by the occurrence of both forms of melanin. Our in silico findings, in turn, indicate that such an assumption may lead to inaccurate estimations of epidermal melanin content.
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Barolet D, Christiaens F, Hamblin MR. Infrared and skin: Friend or foe. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 155:78-85. [PMID: 26745730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, it has been proposed that the sun's IR-A wavelengths might be deleterious to human skin and that sunscreens, in addition to their desired effect to protect against UV-B and UV-A, should also protect against IR-A (and perhaps even visible light). Several studies showed that NIR may damage skin collagen content via an increase inMMP-1 activity in the same manner as is known for UVR. Unfortunately, the artificial NIR light sources used in such studies were not representative of the solar irradiance. Yet, little has been said about the other side of the coin. This article will focus on key information suggesting that IR-A may be more beneficial than deleterious when the skin is exposed to the appropriate irradiance/dose of IR-A radiation similar to daily sun exposure received by people in real life.IR-A might even precondition the skin--a process called photo prevention--from an evolutionary standpoint since exposure to early morning IR-A wavelengths in sunlight may ready the skin for the coming mid-day deleterious UVR. Consequently IR-A appears to be the solution, not the problem. It does more good than bad for the skin. It is essentially a question of intensity and how we can learn from the sun. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barolet
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Division, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada; RoseLab Skin Optics Laboratory, LavalH7T 0G3, Canada.
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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38
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Gonzalez VC, Beheregaray ACM, Peres BM, Sallis ESV, Varela Junior AS, Trindade GS. Histopathological Analysis of UVB and IR Interaction in Rat Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:895-900. [PMID: 25682891 DOI: 10.1111/php.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To determine the chronic skin effects caused by the interaction of infrared and ultraviolet B radiations, male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) (2 months old) were exposed for 15 days to infrared radiation (600-1500 nm, with a peak at 1000 nm, n = 12) for 30 min (1080 J cm(-2) ) (IRo); to ultraviolet B radiation (peak emission at 313 nm, n = 9) for 90 min (55.08 J cm(-2) ) (UVB); to infrared radiation followed after 90 min by ultraviolet B (n = 6) (IRUVB) and to ultraviolet B followed after 90 min by infrared radiation (n = 9) (UVBIR). Skin samples were collected and histopathological analysis showed the presence of acanthosis, parakeratotic and orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, intraepidermal pustules, keratin pearls, detachment of epidermis, collagen necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate, vasodilation, basal cell vacuolization and superficial dermis degeneration both in UVB and UVBIR treatments. IRUVB animals showed the same characteristics as above except for parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, keratin pearls and superficial dermis degeneration. To conclude, infrared radiation exposure after ultraviolet B irradiation increases skin damage without protecting the tissue, while infrared radiation exposure before ultraviolet B irradiation showed a protective effect against ultraviolet skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius C Gonzalez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Beheregaray
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M Peres
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Eliza S V Sallis
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Gilma S Trindade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
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39
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Robert C, Bonnet M, Marques S, Numa M, Doucet O. Low to moderate doses of infrared A irradiation impair extracellular matrix homeostasis of the skin and contribute to skin photodamage. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 28:196-204. [PMID: 25676694 DOI: 10.1159/000369829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human skin is daily exposed to sun rays, which include not only ultraviolet radiation, but also an important quantity of infrared (IR) radiation. In the past few years, many publications have underlined the negative impact of IR radiation on the human skin, particularly when the skin and/or the cells are exposed to high sun irradiance and significant doses of IR. In the present study, we demonstrate, in vitro on normal human fibroblasts, that even under low irradiance with single or very few repeated doses, infrared A irradiation (IRA) produces free radicals, triggers major changes in the expression of the type I collagen and elastin network, impairs the dermal-epidermal junction, upregulates several matrix metalloproteinases and has an impact on the expression of key genes of the extracellular matrix. We conclude that chronic or discretionary exposure to IRA could play a role that is more important than expected in premature skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Robert
- Coty International Research and Development Center, Monaco, Monaco
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40
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Blue-violet light irradiation dose dependently decreases carotenoids in human skin, which indicates the generation of free radicals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:579675. [PMID: 25741404 PMCID: PMC4337113 DOI: 10.1155/2015/579675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to ultraviolet and infrared irradiation, which are known to facilitate cutaneous photoaging, immunosuppression, or tumour emergence due to formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, potentially similar effects of visible light on the human skin are still poorly characterized. Using a blue-violet light irradiation source and aiming to characterize its potential influence on the antioxidant status of the human skin, the cutaneous carotenoid concentration was measured noninvasively in nine healthy volunteers using resonance Raman spectroscopy following irradiation. The dose-dependent significant degradation of carotenoids was measured to be 13.5% and 21.2% directly after irradiation at 50 J/cm² and 100 J/cm² (P < 0.05). The irradiation intensity was 100 mW/cm². This is above natural conditions; the achieved doses, though, are acquirable under natural conditions. The corresponding restoration lasted 2 and 24 hours, respectively. The degradation of cutaneous carotenoids indirectly shows the amount of generated free radicals and especially reactive oxygen species in human skin. In all volunteers the cutaneous carotenoid concentration dropped down in a manner similar to that caused by the infrared or ultraviolet irradiations, leading to the conclusion that also blue-violet light at high doses could represent a comparably adverse factor for human skin.
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41
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Diffey B. Solar spectral irradiance and summary outputs using excel. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:553-7. [PMID: 25644778 DOI: 10.1111/php.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of an Excel spreadsheet is described that calculates solar spectral irradiance between 290-3000 nm on an unshaded, horizontal surface under a cloudless sky at sea level, together with summary outputs such as global UV index, illuminance and percentage of energy in different wavebands. A deliberate goal of the project was to adopt the principle of Ockham's razor and to develop a model that is as simple as it can be commensurate with delivering results of adequate accuracy. Consequently, just four inputs are required-geographical latitude, month, day of month and time of day-resulting in a spreadsheet that is easily usable by anyone with an interest in sunlight and solar power irrespective of their background. The accuracy of the calculated data is sufficient for many applications where knowledge of the ultraviolet, visible and infrared levels in sunlight is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Diffey
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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42
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Chen Q, Zhang L, Chen G. Far infrared-assisted embossing and bonding of poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic chips. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09909e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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43
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Optical radiation in modern medicine. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2013; 30:246-51. [PMID: 24278082 PMCID: PMC3834711 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2013.37035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical radiation extends between microwaves and X-rays of the electromagnetic radiation and includes ultraviolet (UV), visible light (VL) and infrared (IR) components. The dose of radiation that reaches the skin is influenced by the ozone layer, position of the Sun, latitude, altitude, cloud cover and ground reflections. The photobiological effects of UV, VL and IR bands depend on their wavelength, frequency and mechanism of action. They are modified by the thickness, structure, vasculature and pigmentation of skin's stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis. Following absorption, IR affects the body mainly through transfer of thermal energy to tissues. Visible light and skin interact either thermally or photochemically, whereas UV acts mainly photochemically. Optical radiation in the form of sunlight therapy had been used already in ancient times. Nowadays IR, VL and UV are widely applied in the therapy of allergic, dermatological, cardiovascular, respiratory, rheumatic, neonatal, pediatric and psychiatric disorders.
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44
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Vierkötter A, Krutmann J. Environmental influences on skin aging and ethnic-specific manifestations. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 4:227-31. [PMID: 23467702 PMCID: PMC3583881 DOI: 10.4161/derm.19858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging does not only occur by passing time alone but also by the exposure to different environmental factors. The skin aging process, which is induced by environmental factors, is named premature or extrinsic skin aging process and can be distinguished from the chronologically (intrinsic) skin aging process by characteristic skin aging signs. Well known environmental factors leading to extrinsic skin aging are sun exposure and smoking. Recently, an epidemiological study could further discover an association between air pollution and skin aging. First of all the skin aging inducing effect of sun exposure was discovered and an own term (photoaging) was given to this special field of extrinsic skin aging. Mechanistic studies have further increased our knowledge about the molecular pathways by which environmental factors contribute to extrinsic skin aging. In this regard, profound knowledge how sun exposure leads to extrinsic skin aging were gained in the last years, and additionally there are also indications how smoking and air pollution might contribute to this process. Moreover it was realized that extrinsic skin aging manifests differently between different populations. Thus, in this review we summarize the influence of the different environmental factors: sun exposure, smoking and air pollution on skin aging and further present ethnic-specific manifestations of extrinsic skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vierkötter
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine; Düsseldorf, Germany
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45
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Dupont E, Gomez J, Bilodeau D. Beyond UV radiation: a skin under challenge. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:224-32. [PMID: 23406155 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient times, human beings have been trying to protect their skin against the adverse effects of the sun. From the first mineral sunscreens used by Egyptians, to the current more sophisticated ultraviolet (UVA/UVB) organic sunscreens, progress has been made in terms of sun protection and deeper knowledge of skin physiology has been acquired in the process. The solar spectrum is composed of radiations of various wavelengths having specific, as well as overlapping effects on skin. UVB is mainly responsible for sunburn and DNA dimer formation that can lead to mutation. UVA generates oxidative reactions affecting DNA, proteins and lipids, and is also immunosuppressive. Recently, visible light and infrared radiation (IR) have been associated with oxidative damage and IR has been additionally linked to adverse heat effects on skin. Numerous other extrinsic factors, related to environment and lifestyle, also affect the appearance of skin, precipitating ageing. New molecular mechanisms linking sun and environmental factors to skin ageing have been identified: IR affects mitochondrial integrity and specific heat receptors also mediate some of its effects, tryptophan is a chromophore for UVB, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is activated by light and xenobiotics to alter skin physiology. Integrating all these new elements is changing the way we think about skin extrinsic ageing. Is UVA/UVB sunscreen protection still enough for our skin?
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dupont
- Immanence IDC Inc, 3229 Ch. Quatre-Bourgeois, Bureau 600, Québec, Québec G1W 0C1, Canada
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46
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Polefka TG, Meyer TA, Agin PP, Bianchini RJ. Effects of solar radiation on the skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2012; 11:134-43. [PMID: 22672278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2012.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
No one would underestimate the importance of sunlight to the evolution of life on the earth and its role in human development. However, all humans - especially individuals who are lightly pigmented or whose occupation or lifestyle exposes them to excessive amounts of sunlight - are potentially susceptible to its deleterious effects. These effects can range from acute biological responses, such as sunburn and skin tanning, to conditions resulting from chronic exposure such as photoaged skin and potentially life-threatening conditions such as skin cancer. The objective of this review is to present a concise and up-to-date perspective on the effects of UVB, UVA, visible, and infrared radiation on cutaneous biochemistry and physiology.
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47
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Qu W, Bao H, Zhang L, Chen G. Far-Infrared-Assisted Preparation of a Graphene-Nickel Nanoparticle Hybrid for the Enrichment of Proteins and Peptides. Chemistry 2012; 18:15746-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Gan Z, Chen Q, Fu Y, Chen G. Determination of bioactive constituents in Flos Sophorae Immaturus and Cortex Fraxini by capillary electrophoresis in combination with far infrared-assisted solvent extraction. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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The skin ivory spot. A possible indicator for skinfield photo-carcinogenesis in recreational sunbed addicts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:362-9. [PMID: 22470297 PMCID: PMC3315251 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: For a decade or so, artificial sources of restricted light wavelengths, particularly sunbeds, have progressively gained popularity among adolescents and young adults. Warnings were raised focusing on the risk of accelerated photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. The ULEV (ultraviolet light-enhanced visualization) method is a convenient noninvasive way identifying subtle pigmentary changes presenting as a mottled subclinical melanoderma (MSM). Of note, rare spotty amelanotic macules presenting as skin ivory spots (SIS) was reported on any part of the body. Subjects and method: This work is the first attempt at evaluating the changes in the MSM and SIS spots developed on the skin of 33 phototype III young women designated as avid users involved in frequent exposures to sunshine and sunbeds for lifestyle purposes for a duration of at least 120 months. Results: MSM was markedly heterogeneous and was distinctly obvious in the majority of adepts of frequent natural and artificial photoexposures. SIS was particularly developed in subjects presenting with severe MSM patterns. Discussion: MSM and SIS are more severe in subjects frequently exposed to sunbeds and sun exposures. These signs possibly represent a risk marker for field photocarcinogenesis.
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50
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Fu Y, Zhang L, Chen G. Far infrared-assisted extraction followed by MEKC for the simultaneous determination of flavones and phenolic acids in the leaves of Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. J Sep Sci 2011; 35:468-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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