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Gao W, Cao J, Xie Y, Sun X, Ma Q, Geng Y, Xu C, Guo Y, Zhang M. Diaporthe species causing shoot dieback of Acer (maple) in Henan Province, China. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:356. [PMID: 39300361 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maple is an important ornamental plant in China. With the increasing use of maple trees in landscaping, a symptom of shoot dieback has been observed in Henan province, China. RESULTS In this study, 28 Diaporthe isolates were obtained from symptomatic shoots of maple trees between 2020 and 2023. Phylogenetic analyses based on five loci (ITS, TEF, CAL, HIS and TUB) coupled with morphology of 12 representative isolates identified three known species (D. eres, D. pescicola and D. spinosa) and one new species, namely D. pseudoacerina sp. nov. Koch's postulates confirmed that all these species were pathogenic. Additionally, D. pseudoacerina was able to infect China wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera), pear (Pyrus sp.), and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). This study marks the first report of Diaporthe spinosa and D. pescicola pathogens infecting maple trees. CONCLUSIONS These findings enhance the existing knowledge of the taxonomy and host diversity of Diaporthe species as, while also providing valuable information for managing of maple shoot dieback in Henan Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Fungi, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiayuan Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Fungi, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuxu Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Fungi, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Fungi, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qingzhou Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Fungi, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuehua Geng
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Fungi, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Fungi, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yashuang Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Fungi, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Fungi, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Shi X, Zhang Y, Yang J, Chen Y. A Genomic Sequence Resource of Diaporthe mahothocarpus GZU-Y2 Causing Leaf Spot Blight in Camellia oleifera. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:630. [PMID: 39330390 PMCID: PMC11433127 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diaporthe mahothocarpus GZU-Y2, a new pathogen responsible for leaf spot blight disease, leads to significant damage and economic losses in some Camellia oleifera plantations. The current study annotated the genome of the D. mahothocarpus isolate GZU-Y2 to advance our knowledge of the pathogen and facilitate improved disease management of leaf spot blight. The initial Pacbio-Illumina hybrid draft genome for GZU-Y2 resulted in a high-quality assembly with 62 contigs, characterized by an N50 length of 7.07 Mb. The complete genome of isolate GZU-Y2 was 58.97 Mbp, with a GC content of 50.65%. Importantly, the assembly exhibits remarkable integrity, with 97.93% of complete BUSCO validating genome completeness. The prediction results showed that a total of 15,918 protein-coding genes were annotated using multiple bioinformatics databases. The genome assembly and annotation resource reported here will be useful for the further study of fungal infection mechanisms and pathogen-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulong Shi
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yunze Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Wudang District, Guiyang 550018, China
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3
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Waqas M, Guarnaccia V, Bardella S, Spadaro D. Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity of Diaporthe Species Causing Nut Rot of Hazelnut in Italy. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1005-1013. [PMID: 37883635 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-23-0168-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Hazelnut (Corylus avellana), a nut crop that is rapidly expanding worldwide, is endangered by a rot. Nut rot results in hazelnut defects. A survey was conducted in northwestern Italy during 2020 and 2021 to identify the causal agents of hazelnut rots. Typical symptoms of black rot, mold, and necrotic spots were observed on hazelnuts. The prevalent fungi isolated from symptomatic hazelnut kernels were Diaporthe spp. (38%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (26%), Diplodia seriata (14%), and other fungal genera with less frequent occurrences. Among 161 isolated Diaporthe spp., 40 were selected for further analysis. Based on morphological characterization and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, tef-1α, and tub2, seven Diaporthe species were identified as D. eres, D. foeniculina, D. novem, D. oncostoma, D. ravennica, D. rudis, and D. sojae. D. eres was the main species isolated from hazelnut rots, in particular from moldy nuts. The pathogenicity test performed on hazelnuts 'Tonda Gentile del Piemonte' using a mycelium plug showed that all the Diaporthe isolates were pathogenic on their original host. To our knowledge, this work is the first report of D. novem, D. oncostoma, and D. ravennica on hazelnuts worldwide. D. foeniculina, D. rudis, and D. sojae were reported for the first time as agents of hazelnut rot in Italy. Future studies should focus on the comprehension of epidemiology and climatic conditions favoring the development of Diaporthe spp. on hazelnut. Prevention and control measures should target D. eres, representing the main causal agents responsible for defects and nut rot of hazelnuts in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Vladimiro Guarnaccia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - S Bardella
- Fondazione Agrion - Via Falicetto, 24 12030, Manta, CN, Italy
| | - Davide Spadaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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4
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Ali S, Wright AH, Tanney JB, Renaud JB, Sumarah MW. Fungal Endophytes: Discovering What Lies within Some of Canada's Oldest and Most Resilient Grapevines. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:105. [PMID: 38392777 PMCID: PMC10890244 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases and pests reduce crop yields, accounting for global crop losses of 30% to 50%. In conventional agricultural production systems, these losses are typically controlled by applying chemical pesticides. However, public pressure is mounting to curtail agrochemical use. In this context, employing beneficial endophytic microorganisms is an increasingly attractive alternative to the use of conventional chemical pesticides in agriculture. A multitude of fungal endophytes are naturally present in plants, producing enzymes, small peptides, and secondary metabolites due to their bioactivity, which can protect hosts from pathogens, pests, and abiotic stresses. The use of beneficial endophytic microorganisms in agriculture is an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional pesticides. The aim of this study was to characterize fungal endophytes isolated from apparently healthy, feral wine grapes in eastern Canada that have grown without agrochemical inputs for decades. Host plants ranged from unknown seedlings to long-lost cultivars not widely propagated since the 1800s. HPLC-MS was used to identify unique endophyte-derived chemical compounds in the host plants, while dual-culture competition assays showed a range in endophytes' ability to suppress the mycelial growth of Botrytis, which is typically controlled in viticulture with pesticides. Twelve of the most promising fungal endophytes isolated were identified using multilocus sequencing and morphology, while DNA barcoding was employed to identify some of their host vines. These fungal endophyte isolates, which consisted of both known and putative novel strains, belonged to seven genera in six families and five orders of Ascomycota. Exploring the fungal endophytes in these specimens may yield clues to the vines' survival and lead to the discovery of novel biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawkat Ali
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main St., Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - A Harrison Wright
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main St., Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Joey B Tanney
- Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 Burnside Road West, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
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Pereira DS, Hilário S, Gonçalves MFM, Phillips AJL. Diaporthe Species on Palms: Molecular Re-Assessment and Species Boundaries Delimitation in the D. arecae Species Complex. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2717. [PMID: 38004729 PMCID: PMC10673533 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to cryptic diversification, phenotypic plasticity and host associations, multilocus phylogenetic analyses have become the most important tool in accurately identifying and circumscribing species in the Diaporthe genus. However, the application of the genealogical concordance criterion has often been overlooked, ultimately leading to an exponential increase in novel Diaporthe spp. Due to the large number of species, many lineages remain poorly understood under the so-called species complexes. For this reason, a robust delimitation of the species boundaries in Diaporthe is still an ongoing challenge. Therefore, the present study aimed to resolve the species boundaries of the Diaporthe arecae species complex (DASC) by implementing an integrative taxonomic approach. The Genealogical Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) principle revealed incongruences between the individual gene genealogies. Moreover, the Poisson Tree Processes' (PTPs) coalescent-based species delimitation models identified three well-delimited subclades represented by the species D. arecae, D. chiangmaiensis and D. smilacicola. These results evidence that all species previously described in the D. arecae subclade are conspecific, which is coherent with the morphological indistinctiveness observed and the absence of reproductive isolation and barriers to gene flow. Thus, 52 Diaporthe spp. are reduced to synonymy under D. arecae. Recent population expansion and the possibility of incomplete lineage sorting suggested that the D. arecae subclade may be considered as ongoing evolving lineages under active divergence and speciation. Hence, the genetic diversity and intraspecific variability of D. arecae in the context of current global climate change and the role of D. arecae as a pathogen on palm trees and other hosts are also discussed. This study illustrates that species in Diaporthe are highly overestimated, and highlights the relevance of applying an integrative taxonomic approach to accurately circumscribe the species boundaries in the genus Diaporthe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S. Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Sandra Hilário
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Micael F. M. Gonçalves
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alan J. L. Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
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6
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Lambert C, Schweizer L, Matio Kemkuignou B, Anoumedem EGM, Kouam SF, Marin-Felix Y. Four new endophytic species of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) isolated from Cameroon. MycoKeys 2023; 99:319-362. [PMID: 37915461 PMCID: PMC10616871 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) is a large group of fungi frequently reported as phytopathogens, with ubiquitous distribution across the globe. Diaporthe have traditionally been characterized by the morphology of their ana- and teleomorphic state, revealing a high degree of heterogeneity as soon as DNA sequencing was utilized across the different members of the group. Their relevance for biotechnology and agriculture attracts the attention of taxonomists and natural product chemists alike in context of plant protection and exploitation for their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. While more than 1000 species are described to date, Africa, as a natural habitat, has so far been under-sampled. Several endophytic fungi belonging to Diaporthe were isolated from different plant hosts in Cameroon over the course of this study. Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene, and partial fragments of the calmodulin, beta-tubulin, histone and the translation elongation factor 1-α genes, demonstrated that these isolates represent four new species, i.e. D.brideliae, D.cameroonensis, D.pseudoanacardii and D.rauvolfiae. Moreover, the description of D.isoberliniae is here emended, now incorporating the morphology of beta and gamma conidia produced by two of our endophytic isolates, which had never been documented in previous records. Moreover, the paraphyletic nature of the genus is discussed and suggestions are made for future revision of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambert
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyMolecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Lena Schweizer
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Elodie Gisèle M. Anoumedem
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, CameroonUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Simeon F. Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, CameroonUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Yasmina Marin-Felix
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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Li Q, Zhu J, Ren N, Li D, Jin Y, Lu W, Lu Q. Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Discula theae-sinensis Isolated from Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis) and Interaction with Colletotrichum spp. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3427. [PMID: 37836167 PMCID: PMC10574372 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose is one of the primary diseases in tea plants that affect tea yield and quality. The geographical distribution, occurrence regularity, and agronomic measures of tea plants with anthracnose have been researched for decades. However, the pathogenic cause of anthracnose in tea plants is diverse in different regions of the world. Identifying the specific pathogenic fungi causing tea anthracnose is an essential control measure to mitigate this disease. In this study, 66 Discula theae-sinensis and 45 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from three different types of diseased tea leaves. Based on multilocus phylogenetic and morphological analysis, eight known species of Colletotrichum, Colletotrichum fructicola, C. camelliae, C. aenigma, C. siamense, C. henanense, C. karstii, C. tropicicola, and C. gigasporum were identified. This study is the first to report C. tropicicola and C. gigasporum in tea plants in China. Discula theae-sinensis was the most common species in this study and caused disease lesions around wounded areas of tea leaves. The dual trials in vitro indicated Discula theae-sinensis and Colletotrichum were slightly inhibited. Co-inoculating Discula theae-sinensis and C. fructicola was superior to single inoculation at low concentrations. The main cause of anthracnose might be the concerted action of a variety of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Ning Ren
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Da Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Ya Jin
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenyuan Lu
- Development Center of Agricultural Science and Technology in Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China;
| | - Qinhua Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
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Mena E, Reboledo G, Stewart S, Montesano M, Ponce de León I. Comparative analysis of soybean transcriptional profiles reveals defense mechanisms involved in resistance against Diaporthe caulivora. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13061. [PMID: 37567886 PMCID: PMC10421924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean stem canker (SSC) caused by the fungal pathogen Diaporthe caulivora is an important disease affecting soybean production worldwide. However, limited information related to the molecular mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to Diaporthe species is available. In the present work, we analyzed the defense responses to D. caulivora in the soybean genotypes Williams and Génesis 5601. The results showed that compared to Williams, Génesis 5601 is more resistant to fungal infection evidenced by significantly smaller lesion length, reduced disease severity and pathogen biomass. Transcriptional profiling was performed in untreated plants and in D. caulivora-inoculated and control-treated tissues at 8 and 48 h post inoculation (hpi). In total, 2.322 and 1.855 genes were differentially expressed in Génesis 5601 and Williams, respectively. Interestingly, Génesis 5601 exhibited a significantly higher number of upregulated genes compared to Williams at 8 hpi, 1.028 versus 434 genes. Resistance to D. caulivora was associated with defense activation through transcriptional reprogramming mediating perception of the pathogen by receptors, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, hormone signaling, small heat shock proteins and pathogenesis related (PR) genes. These findings provide novel insights into soybean defense mechanisms leading to host resistance against D. caulivora, and generate a foundation for the development of resistant SSC varieties within soybean breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilyn Mena
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Reboledo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Stewart
- Programa Nacional de Cultivos de Secano, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Marcos Montesano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Ponce de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Bai Y, Lin L, Pan M, Fan X. Studies of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) species associated with plant cankers in Beijing, China, with three new species described. MycoKeys 2023; 98:59-86. [PMID: 37287769 PMCID: PMC10242526 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.104156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) comprises endophytes, pathogens and saprophytes, inhabiting a wide range of woody hosts and resulting in serious canker disease. To determine the diversity of Diaporthe species associated with canker disease of host plants in Beijing, China, a total of 35 representative strains were isolated from 18 host genera. Three novel species (D.changpingensis, D.diospyrina and D.ulmina) and four known species (D.corylicola, D.donglingensis, D.eres and D.rostrata) were identified, based on morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses using partial ITS, cal, his3, tef1-α and tub2 loci. These results provide an understanding of the taxonomy of Diaporthe species associated with canker diseases in Beijing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Bai
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lu Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meng Pan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinlei Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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10
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Zhu YQ, Ma CY, Xue H, Piao CG, Li Y, Jiang N. Two new species of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) in China. MycoKeys 2023; 95:209-228. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.98969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of Diaporthe have been reported as plant endophytes, pathogens and saprobes on a wide range of plant hosts. Strains of Diaporthe were isolated from leaf spots of Smilax glabra and dead culms of Xanthium strumarium in China, and identified based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses of combined internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), calmodulin (cal), histone H3 (his3), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) loci. As a result, two new species named Diaporthe rizhaoensis and D. smilacicola are identified, described and illustrated in the present study.
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11
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The genome of a Far Eastern isolate of Diaporthe caulivora, a soybean fungal pathogen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1311-1327. [PMID: 36650392 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diaporthe caulivora is an economically important fungal pathogen and a causal agent of soybean stem canker and seed decay. Here, the genome of a Russian Far Eastern isolate of D. caulivora was sequenced, assembled, and announced. Assembly quality was enough for advanced annotation, including prediction of potential disease-related genes encoding virulence factors and molecular determinants contributing to pathogen-host selection, interactions, and adaptation. Comparative analysis of 15 Diaporthe species was conducted regarding general genome properties, collinearity, and proteomes, and included detailed investigation of interspersed repeats. A notable feature of this analysis is a high recombinant variability of Diaporthe genomes, determined by the number and distribution of interspersed repeats, which also proved to be responsible for the diversity of GC content and genome size. This variability is assumed the main determinant of the divergence of Diaporthe genomes. A Bayesian multi-gene phylogeny was inferred for the 15 Diaporthe species on the basis of twenty thousand polymorphic sites of > 100 orthologous genes using independently adjusted evolutionary models. This allowed for the most accurate determination of evolutionary relationships and species boundaries for effective reporting about these plant pathogens. The evidence, obtained by different genome analysis techniques, implies the host-independent evolution of Diaporthe species. KEY POINTS: • The genome of a Far Eastern isolate of D. caulivora was announced. • A high degree of recombinant variability determines genomic divergence in Diaporthe genus. • The multi-gene phylogeny implies host-independent evolution of Diaporthe species.
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Kemkuignou BM, Lambert C, Schmidt K, Schweizer L, Anoumedem EGM, Kouam SF, Stadler M, Stradal T, Marin-Felix Y. Unreported cytochalasins from an acid-mediated transformation of cytochalasin J isolated from Diaporthe cf. ueckeri. Fitoterapia 2023; 166:105434. [PMID: 36681097 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of an endophytic fungus herein identified as Diaporthe cf. ueckeri yielded four known compounds, named cytochalasins H and J and dicerandrols A and B. Reports of acid sensitivity within the cytochalasan family inspired an attempt of acid-mediated conversion of cytochalasins H and J, resulting in the acquisition of five polycyclic cytochalasins featuring 5/6/5/8-fused tetracyclic and 5/6/6/7/5-fused pentacyclic skeletons. Two of the obtained polycyclic cytochalasins constituted unprecedented analogues, for which the trivial names cytochalasins J4 and J5 were proposed, whereas the others were identified as the known phomopchalasin A, phomopchalasin D and 21-acetoxycytochalasin J3. The structures of the compounds were determined by extensive spectral analysis, namely HR-ESIMS, ESIMS and 1D/2D NMR. The stereochemistry of cytochalasins J4 and J5 was proposed using their ROESY data, biosynthetic and mechanistic considerations and by comparison of their ECD spectra with those of related congeners. All compounds except for cytochalasins H and J were tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Cytochalasins J4 and J5 showed neither antimicrobial nor cytotoxic activity in the tested concentrations, with only weak antiproliferative activity observable against KB3.1 cells. The actin disruptive properties of all cytochalasins obtained in this study and of the previously reported cytochalasins RKS-1778 and phomopchalasin N were examined, and monitored by fluorescence microscopy using human osteo-sarcoma (U2-OS) cells. Compared to their precursor molecules (cytochalasins H and J), phomopchalasins A and D, 21-acetoxycytochalasin J3, cytochalasins J4 and J5 revealed a strongly reduced activity on the F-actin network, highlighting that the macrocyclic ring is crucial for bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lena Schweizer
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elodie Gisèle M Anoumedem
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, P.O. Box 47, Cameroon
| | - Simeon F Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, P.O. Box 47, Cameroon
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Theresia Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yasmina Marin-Felix
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Chaisiri C, Liu X, Lin Y, Luo C. Diaporthe citri: A Fungal Pathogen Causing Melanose Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1600. [PMID: 35736750 PMCID: PMC9227384 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Citrus melanose is a fungal disease caused by Diaporthe citri F.A. Wolf. It is found in various citrus-growing locations across the world. The host range of D. citri is limited to plants of the Citrus genus. The most economically important hosts are Citrus reticulata (mandarin), C. sinensis (sweet orange), C. grandis or C. maxima (pumelo), and C. paradisi (grapefruit). In the life cycle of D. citri throughout the citrus growing season, pycnidia can be seen in abundance on dead branches, especially after rain, with conidia appearing as slimy masses discharged from the dead twigs. Raindrops can transmit conidia to leaves, twigs, and fruits, resulting in disease dispersion throughout small distances. Persistent rains and warm climatic conditions generally favor disease onset and development. The melanose disease causes a decline in fruit quality, which lowers the value of fruits during marketing and exportation. High rainfall areas should avoid planting susceptible varieties. In this article, information about the disease symptoms, history, geographic distribution, epidemiology, impact, and integrated management practices, as well as the pathogen morphology and identification, was reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingchai Chaisiri
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Matio Kemkuignou B, Schweizer L, Lambert C, Anoumedem EGM, Kouam SF, Stadler M, Marin-Felix Y. New polyketides from the liquid culture of Diaporthebreyniae sp. nov. (Diaporthales, Diaporthaceae). MycoKeys 2022; 90:85-118. [PMID: 36760420 PMCID: PMC9849082 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.90.82871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of a study on the biodiversity of endophytes from Cameroon, a fungal strain was isolated. A multigene phylogenetic inference using five DNA loci revealed that this strain represents an undescribed species of Diaporthe, which is introduced here as D.breyniae. Investigation into the chemistry of this fungus led to the isolation of two previously undescribed secondary metabolites for which the trivial names fusaristatins G (7) and H (8) are proposed, together with eleven known compounds. The structures of all of the metabolites were established by using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data in combination with High-Resolution ElectroSpray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) data. The absolute configuration of phomopchalasin N (4), which was reported for the first time concurrently to the present publication, was determined by analysis of its Rotating frame Overhauser Effect SpectroscopY (ROESY) spectrum and by comparison of its Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) spectrum with that of related compounds. A selection of the isolated secondary metabolites were tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and compounds 4 and 7 showed weak antifungal and antibacterial activity. On the other hand, compound 4 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against all tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 5.8-45.9 µM. The latter was found to be less toxic than the other isolated cytochalasins (1-3) and gave hints in regards to the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the studied cytochalasins. Fusaristatin H (8) also exhibited weak cytotoxicity against KB3.1 cell lines with an IC50 value of 30.3 µM. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Lena Schweizer
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Elodie Gisèle M. Anoumedem
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, CameroonUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Simeon F. Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, CameroonUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Yasmina Marin-Felix
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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Vučković N, Vico I, Duduk B, Duduk N. Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe Species Associated with Postharvest Apple Fruit Decay in Serbia. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:929-943. [PMID: 34664974 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-21-0304-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Family Botryosphaeriaceae and the genus Diaporthe (family Diaporthaceae) represent diverse groups of plant pathogens, which include causal agents of leaf spot, shoot blight, branch and stem cankers, dieback, and pre- and postharvest apple fruit decay. Apple fruit with symptoms of light to dark brown decay were collected during and after harvest from 2016 to 2018. Thirty selected isolates, on which pathogenicity was confirmed, were identified and characterized based on multilocus phylogeny and morphology. Five species from the family Botryosphaeriaceae and two from the genus Diaporthe (fam. Diaporthaceae) were discovered. The most commonly isolated was Diplodia seriata followed by Botryosphaeria dothidea. In this work, Diaporthe rudis is described as a new postharvest pathogen of apple fruit. Diplodia bulgarica, Diplodia sapinea, Neofusicoccum yunnanense, and Diaporthe eres are initially described as postharvest apple and D. sapinea as postharvest quince and medlar fruit pathogens in Serbia. Because species of the family Botryosphaeriaceae and the genus Diaporthe are known to cause other diseases on their hosts, have an endophytic nature, and have a wide host range, findings from this study imply that they may become a new challenge for successful fruit production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vučković
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Vico
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Duduk
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Duduk
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
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Si YZ, Li DW, Zhong J, Huang L, Zhu LH. Diaporthe sapindicola sp. nov. Causes Leaf Spots of Sapindus mukorossi in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1105-1113. [PMID: 34752121 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-21-0777-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (Sapindaceae), or soapberry, is an important biodiesel tree in southern China. In recent years, leaf spot disease on soapberry has been observed frequently in a soapberry germplasm repository in Jianning County, Sanming City, Fujian province, China. The symptoms initially appeared as irregular, small, yellow spots, and the centers of the lesions became dark brown with time. Three fungal isolates from lesions were collected. Koch's postulates were performed, and their pathogenicity was confirmed. Morphologically, α-conidia from diseased tissues were single-celled, hyaline, smooth, clavate or ellipsoidal, and biguttulate, measuring 6.2 to 7.2 × 2.3 to 2.7 μm. In addition, the three isolates in this study developed three types (α, β, and γ) of conidia on potato dextrose agar, and their morphological characteristics matched those of Diaporthe. A phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer, TEF, TUB, HIS, and CAL sequence data determined that the three isolates are a new species of Diaporthe. Based on both morphological and phylogenetic analyses, the causal fungus, Diaporthe sapindicola sp. nov., was described and illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhi Si
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - De-Wei Li
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095, U.S.A
| | - Jing Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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Variation in Fungal Community in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera) Nursery Stock Depends on Nursery, Variety and Rootstock. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010047. [PMID: 35049987 PMCID: PMC8778211 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by cryptic complexes of fungal pathogens and have become a growing problem for new grapevine (Vitis vinifera) plantations. We studied the role of the nursery, variety, and rootstock in the composition of the fungal communities in root collars and graft unions of planting material in Catalonia (NE Spain). We compared necrosis and fungal communities in graft unions and root collars at harvest, and then after three months of cold storage. We evaluated combinations of eleven red and five white varieties with four common rootstocks coming from six nurseries. Fungal communities were characterized by isolation and metabarcoding of the ITS2 region. Our data suggests that nursery followed by rootstock and variety had significant effects on necrosis and fungal community structure in graft and root tissues. Within the plant, we found large differences in terms fungal community distribution between graft and root tissues. Graft unions housed a significantly higher relative abundance of GTD-related Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) than root collars. More severe necrosis was correlated with a lower relative abundance of GTD-related OTUs based on isolation and metabarcoding analyses. Our results suggest that nurseries and therefore their plant production practices play a major role in determining the fungal and GTD-related fungal community in grapevine plants sold for planting. GTD variation across rootstocks and varieties could be explored as a venue for minimizing pathogen load in young plantations.
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Yang L, Wang L, Cao J, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Jin W, Zhu F, Ji Z. Molecular and Biological Characterization of Two New Species Causing Peach Shoot Blight in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:182-189. [PMID: 34406785 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-21-1046-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Peach shoot blight (PSB), which kills shoots, newly sprouted leaf buds, and peach fruits, has gradually increased over the last 10 years and resulted in 30 to 50% of total production loss of the peach industry in China. Phomopsis amygdali has been identified as the common causal agent of this disease. In this study, two new species, Phomopsis liquidambaris (strain JW18-2) and Diaporthe eres (strain JH18-2), were also pathogens causing PSB, as determined through molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) and beta-tubulin (TUB), and colony and conidial morphological characteristics. Biological phenotypic analysis showed that the colony growth rate of strain JW18-2 was faster than that of strains JH18-2 and ZN32 (one of the P. amygdali strains that we previously found and identified). All three strains produced α-conidia; however, JW18-2 could not produce β-conidia on alfalfa decoction and Czapek media, and the β-conidia produced by strain JH18-2 were shorter in length and thicker in width than those produced by strain ZN32. Pathogenicity tests showed that JW18-2 presented the strongest pathogenicity for peach fruits and twigs and was followed by strains JH18-2 and ZN32. The results shed light on the etiology of PSB and provide a warning that P. liquidambaris or D. eres might develop into dominant species after a few years while also potentially benefitting the development of effective disease control management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Weixin Jin
- Agricultural Service Center of Yangshan Town, Huishan District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214155, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhaolin Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Hilário S, Santos L, Phillips AJL, Alves A. Caveats of the internal transcribed spacer region as a barcode to resolve species boundaries in Diaporthe. Fungal Biol 2021; 126:54-74. [PMID: 34930559 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Species in Diaporthe are largely reported as important plant pathogens. Identification of species in this genus has been complemented by morphological and molecular features. However, one important factor delaying this process is the struggle to formulate robust species concepts to create adequate international phytosanitary measures. Regardless of the wide use of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region, established as the primary DNA barcode for fungi, the tendency for intraspecific variation has been reported, misleading interpretation of phylogenetic analyses. Therefore, the present study aimed to illustrate, using specific examples, how the ITS region may be problematic for species delimitation. We showed that the ITS region is highly variable, with strains of Diaporthe malorum and Diaporthe novem falling into more than one clade, which if analyzed on their own, would be likely recognized as distinct taxa. Divergent ITS paralogs were also proven to coexist within the genome of D. novem. We also suggest that ITS may have escaped from concerted evolution or has undergone a duplication event. Furthermore, this study reports for the first time the existence of a putative hybrid in the genus Diaporthe. Our findings offer new clues towards the intraspecific and intragenomic variation in the ITS region, raising questions about its value for barcoding, i.e., identifying species in the genus Diaporthe. Therefore, we recommend that the ITS region be analyzed cautiously and always compared for congruence prior to description of novel taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hilário
- CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Santos
- CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Alan J L Phillips
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Artur Alves
- CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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González-Domínguez E, Caffi T, Languasco L, Latinovic N, Latinovic J, Rossi V. Dynamics of Diaporthe ampelina Conidia Released from Grape Canes that Overwintered in the Vineyard. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3092-3100. [PMID: 33755509 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-20-2639-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (PCLS) is an important disease of grapevines that is mainly caused by Diaporthe ampelina. Dispersal dynamics of D. ampelina spores were investigated in two vineyards, one in northern Italy and one in Montenegro, by using spore samplers that collected α- and β-conidia from rain water running off from PCLS-affected canes. The canes were collected from each vineyard, deployed, and overwintered in the corresponding vineyards. In each of three years (2016, 2017, and 2018), conidial dispersal was investigated during one (Montenegro) or two (Italy) growing seasons following the deployment of the PCLS-affected canes. In the first growing season following cane deployment in both vineyards, α-conidia were mostly found in runoff water after grapevine bud break, especially in April and May, and β-conidia were regularly found in numbers comparable to those of α-conidia, most frequently from June to September. In Italy, high numbers of α- and β-conidia were also collected during the second growing season following cane deployment. The dispersal dynamics of α-conidia over time were described by a Gompertz equation using hydrothermal time (i.e., the accumulated effect of temperature on the maturation rate of pycnidia on days in which the number of hours of wetness was ≥6 or 9 h), with R2 and concordance correlation coefficient >0.9. Rain (≥0.2 mm) was a good predictor of conidial dispersal, with an overall accuracy of 0.97. These results increase our understanding of D. ampelina spore dispersal and should be integrated into warning systems for PCLS management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tito Caffi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Languasco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Nedeljko Latinovic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Jelena Latinovic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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21
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Hosseini B, Voegele RT, Link TI. Establishment of a quadruplex real-time PCR assay to distinguish the fungal pathogens Diaporthe longicolla, D. caulivora, D. eres, and D. novem on soybean. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257225. [PMID: 34506590 PMCID: PMC8432765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaporthe species are fungal plant pathogens of many important crops. Seed decay is one of the most important diseases on soybean. It is caused by various species of the genus Diaporthe and responsible for significant economic damage. In central Europe the four species D. longicolla, D. caulivora, D. eres, and D. novem are considered the principal species of Diaporthe on soybean. Fast and accurate detection of these pathogens is of utmost importance. In this study four species-specific TaqMan primer-probe sets that can be combined into a quadruplex assay were designed based on TEF sequences. The specificity and efficiency of the primer-probe sets were tested using PCR products and genomic DNA from pure cultures of the four Diaporthe species and other soybean fungal pathogens. Our results indicate that the primer-probe sets DPCL, DPCC, DPCE, and DPCN allow discrimination of D. longicolla, D. caulivora, D. eres, and D. novem, respectively, and can be used to detect and quantify these four Diaporthe species in parallel using quadruplex real-time PCR. In addition, the quadruplex real-time PCR assay was evaluated on different plant materials including healthy and infected soybean seeds or seed lots, soybean stems, and soybean leaves. This assay is a rapid and effective method to detect and quantify Diaporthe species from samples relevant for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Hosseini
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf T. Voegele
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias I. Link
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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22
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Gao H, Pan M, Tian C, Fan X. Cytospora and Diaporthe Species Associated With Hazelnut Canker and Dieback in Beijing, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:664366. [PMID: 34408987 PMCID: PMC8366500 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.664366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla Fisch.) is an important nut crop in China but has been declining owing to the destructive effects of fungal branch canker and dieback. The identification and management of these pathogens are difficult because of the lack of attention to branch canker, insufficient understanding of phylogenetic, and overlapping morphological characteristics of the pathogens. In total, 51 strains were isolated from Chinese wild hazelnut in this study, and three species of Cytospora and two of Diaporthe were identified through morphological observation and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, act, rpb2, tef1-α, and tub2 for Cytospora; ITS, cal, his3, tef1-α, and tub2 for Diaporthe). Three new species, Cytospora corylina, C. curvispora, and Diaporthe corylicola, and two known species, Cytospora leucostoma and Diaporthe eres, grew at 5-30°C and a pH of 3.0-11.0, with optimum growth at approximately 25°C and pH 4.0-7.0. Additionally, the effects of six carbon sources on mycelial growth were investigated. This study explored the main pathogenic fungi species of Corylus heterophylla, completed the corresponding database of pathogenic fungi information, and clarified their biological characteristics. Moreover, the results of this study provided a theoretical basis for Corylus heterophylla disease management and prevention in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinlei Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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23
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Cui MJ, Wei X, Xia PL, Yi JP, Yu ZH, Deng JX, Li QL. Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis, Two New Records on Citrus sinensis in China. MYCOBIOLOGY 2021; 49:267-274. [PMID: 34290550 PMCID: PMC8259869 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2021.1912254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two Diaporthe species isolated from fruit of Citrus sinensis in China were characterized based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny of ITS, tef1, and tub2 gene sequences. The phylogeny indicated that the two species match Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis. A critical examination of phenotypic characteristics confirmed the phylogenetic results. Diaporthe taoicola was morphologically characterized by producing Alpha conidia with tapering toward both ends. Meanwhile, D. siamensis produced cylindrical or ellipsoidal Alpha conidia with two oil drops. Pathogenicity tests revealed that both species were pathogenic to fruit of C. sinensis. To our knowledge, the two species were firstly reported on Citrus sinensis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiao Cui
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | | | - Ji Ping Yi
- Zigui Plant Protection Station, Yichang, China
| | - Zhi He Yu
- Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jian Xin Deng
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qi Li Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, China
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24
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Higgins DS, Hatlen RJ, Byrne JM, Sakalidis ML, Miles TD, Hausbeck MK. Etiology of Halo Blight in Michigan Hopyards. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:859-872. [PMID: 32840437 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-0924-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Michigan's hop acreage ranks fourth nationally, but the state's growers contend with unique disease challenges resulting from frequent rainfall and high humidity. In August 2018, a Michigan hop grower reported necrosis and blighting of foliage and shattering of cones resulting in yield loss. Irregular-shaped lesions developed on leaves, surrounded by a halo of chlorotic tissue, and cone bracts became brown. Pycnidia were observed in symptomatic tissue. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize the causal agent of symptoms in leaf and cone tissue. In symptomatic leaves, 15 of 19 isolates recovered had 96.4% internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITSrDNA) homology with Diaporthe nomurai. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses were performed on a subset of isolates using ITSrDNA, histone H3, beta-tubulin, and elongation factor 1 alpha. Bootstrap and posterior probabilities supported a unique cluster of Diaporthe sp. 1-MI isolates most closely related to the Diaporthe arecae species complex, Diaporthe hongkongensis, and Diaporthe multigutullata. Diaporthe sp. 1-MI was pathogenic in detached leaf and whole plant assays. Single-spore isolates from pycnidia originating from cones and leaves shared 100% ITSrDNA homology with Diaporthe sp. 1-MI obtained from the lesion margins of leaves collected in 2018. The distribution of Diaporthe sp. 1-MI was widespread among 347 cones collected from 15 Michigan hop yards and accounted for >38% of fungi recovered from cones in three hop yards. Diaporthe sp. 1-MI causing halo and cone blight presents a new disease management challenge for Michigan hop growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Higgins
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Ross J Hatlen
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Jan M Byrne
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Monique L Sakalidis
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Timothy D Miles
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Mary K Hausbeck
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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25
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Chaisiri C, Liu X, Lin Y, Fu Y, Zhu F, Luo C. Phylogenetic and Haplotype Network Analyses of Diaporthe eres Species in China Based on Sequences of Multiple Loci. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:179. [PMID: 33804529 PMCID: PMC8000818 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diaporthe eres is considered one of the most important causal agents of many plant diseases, with a broad host range worldwide. In this study, multiple sequences of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α), beta-tubulin gene (TUB2), calmodulin gene (CAL), and histone-3 gene (HIS) were used for multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. For phylogenetic analysis, maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and Bayesian inferred (BI) approaches were performed to investigate relationships of D. eres with closely related species. The results strongly support that the D. eres species falls into a monophyletic lineage, with the characteristics of a species complex. Phylogenetic informativeness (PI) analysis showed that clear boundaries could be proposed by using EF1-α, whereas ITS showed an ineffective reconstruction and, thus, was unsuitable for speciating boundaries for Diaporthe species. A combined dataset of EF1-α, CAL, TUB2, and HIS showed strong resolution for Diaporthe species, providing insights for the D. eres complex. Accordingly, besides D. biguttusis, D. camptothecicola, D. castaneae-mollissimae, D. cotoneastri, D. ellipicola, D. longicicola, D. mahothocarpus, D. momicola, D. nobilis, and Phomopsis fukushii, which have already been previously considered the synonymous species of D. eres, another three species, D. henanensis, D. lonicerae and D. rosicola, were further revealed to be synonyms of D. eres in this study. In order to demonstrate the genetic diversity of D. eres species in China, 138 D. eres isolates were randomly selected from previous studies in 16 provinces. These isolates were obtained from different major plant species from 2006 to 2020. The genetic distance was estimated with phylogenetic analysis and haplotype networks, and it was revealed that two major haplotypes existed in the Chinese populations of D. eres. The haplotype networks were widely dispersed and not uniquely correlated to specific populations. Overall, our analyses evaluated the phylogenetic identification for D. eres species and demonstrated the population diversity of D. eres in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingchai Chaisiri
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yang Lin
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yanping Fu
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Fuxing Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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26
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Chaisiri C, Liu XY, Yin WX, Luo CX, Lin Y. Morphology Characterization, Molecular Phylogeny, and Pathogenicity of Diaporthe passifloricola on Citrus reticulata cv. Nanfengmiju in Jiangxi Province, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:218. [PMID: 33498730 PMCID: PMC7911537 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Nanfengmiju (Citrus reticulata cv. Nanfengmiju), a high-quality local variety of mandarin, is one of the major fruit crops in Jiangxi Province, China. Citrus melanose and stem-end rot, two common fungal diseases of Nanfengmiju, are both caused by Diaporthe spp. (syn. Phomopsis spp.). Identification of the Diaporthe species is essential for epidemiological studies, quarantine measures, and management of diseases caused by these fungi. Melanose disease was observed on Nanfengmiju fruit in Jiangxi Province of China in 2016. Based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, three out of 39 isolates from diseased samples were identified as D. passifloricola. Since these three isolates did not cause melanose on citrus fruit in the pathogenicity tests, they were presumed to be endophytic fungi present in the diseased tissues. However, our results indicate that D. passifloricola may persist as a symptom-less endophyte in the peel of citrus fruit, yet it may cause stem-end if it invades the stem end during fruit storage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of D. passifloricola as the causal agent of the stem-end rot disease in Citrus reticulata cv. Nanfengmiju.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingchai Chaisiri
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.-Y.L.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-X.L.)
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.-Y.L.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-X.L.)
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.-Y.L.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-X.L.)
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.-Y.L.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-X.L.)
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.-Y.L.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-X.L.)
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27
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Xu TC, Lu YH, Wang JF, Song ZQ, Hou YG, Liu SS, Liu CS, Wu SH. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Diaporthe and Anamorph Phomopsis from Terrestrial and Marine Habitats and Endophytes: 2010-2019. Microorganisms 2021; 9:217. [PMID: 33494367 PMCID: PMC7912663 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Diaporthe and its anamorph Phomopsis are distributed worldwide in many ecosystems. They are regarded as potential sources for producing diverse bioactive metabolites. Most species are attributed to plant pathogens, non-pathogenic endophytes, or saprobes in terrestrial host plants. They colonize in the early parasitic tissue of plants, provide a variety of nutrients in the cycle of parasitism and saprophytism, and participate in the basic metabolic process of plants. In the past ten years, many studies have been focused on the discovery of new species and biological secondary metabolites from this genus. In this review, we summarize a total of 335 bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from 26 known species and various unidentified species of Diaporthe and Phomopsis during 2010-2019. Overall, there are 106 bioactive compounds derived from Diaporthe and 246 from Phomopsis, while 17 compounds are found in both of them. They are classified into polyketides, terpenoids, steroids, macrolides, ten-membered lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, and fatty acids. Polyketides constitute the main chemical population, accounting for 64%. Meanwhile, their bioactivities mainly involve cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-algae, phytotoxic, and enzyme inhibitory activities. Diaporthe and Phomopsis exhibit their potent talents in the discovery of small molecules for drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shao-Hua Wu
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (T.-C.X.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-F.W.); (Z.-Q.S.); (Y.-G.H.); (S.-S.L.); (C.-S.L.)
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28
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Yang Q, Jiang N, Tian CM. New species and records of Diaporthe from Jiangxi Province, China. MycoKeys 2021; 77:41-64. [PMID: 33519268 PMCID: PMC7819952 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.77.59999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaporthe species have often been reported as important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Although several Diaporthe species have been recorded, little is known about species able to infect forest trees in Jiangxi Province. Hence, extensive surveys were recently conducted in Jiangxi Province, China. A total of 24 isolates were identified and analysed using comparisons of DNA sequence data for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (cal), histone H3 (his3), partial translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions, as well as their morphological features. Results revealed five novel taxa, D. bauhiniae, D. ganzhouensis, D. schimae, D. verniciicola, D. xunwuensis spp. nov. and three known species, D. apiculatum, D. citri and D. multigutullata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.,Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.,The Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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29
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Ma LG, Geng Y. Determination of the reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization and expression levels of MAT genes under various conditions in Ulocladium. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10379. [PMID: 33282558 PMCID: PMC7690293 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Ulocladium is thought to be strictly asexual. One of the possible reasons for the lack of sexuality in Ulocladium species is the absence of the stimulus of environmental factors. Sexual reproduction in ascomycetes is controlled by a specific region in the genome referred to as mating-type locus (MAT) that consists of two dissimilar DNA sequences in the mating partners, termed MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs. To identify the response of MAT loci to environmental conditions, the mRNA transcription level of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes was tested using qRT-PCR under different temperatures (−20 °C, −10 °C, 0 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C), culture medias (CM, OA, HAY, PCA, PDA and V8), photoperiods (24 h light, 24 h dark, 12 h light/12 h dark, 10 h light/14 h dark and 8 h light/16 h dark), and CO2 concentrations (0.03%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). For obtaining reliable results from qRT-PCR, the most stable internal control gene and optimal number of reference genes for normalization were determined under different treatments. The results showed that there is no universal internal control gene that is expressed at a constant level under different experimental treatments. In comparison to various incubation conditions, the relative expression levels of both MAT genes were significantly increased when fungal mycelia were grown on HAY culture media at 0–10 °C with a light/dark cycle, indicating that temperature, culture media, and light might be the key environmental factors for regulating the sexuality in Ulocladium. Moreover, MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes showed similar expression patterns under different treatments, suggesting that the two MAT genes might play an equally important role in the sexual evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Guo Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Geng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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30
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Dissanayake AJ, Chen YY, Liu JK(J. Unravelling Diaporthe Species Associated with Woody Hosts from Karst Formations (Guizhou) in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E251. [PMID: 33121032 PMCID: PMC7712415 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though several Diaporthe species have been reported in China, little is known about the species associated with nature reserves in Guizhou province. During a survey of fungi in six nature reserves in Guizhou province of China, thirty-one Diaporthe isolates were collected from different woody hosts. Based on morphology, culture characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis, these isolates were characterized and identified. Phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), combined with translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef), β-tubulin (tub), calmodulin (cal) and histone H3 (his) gene regions identified five known Diaporthe species and seven distinct lineages representing novel Diaporthe species. The details of five known species: Diaporthe cercidis, D. cinnamomi, D. conica, D. nobilis and D. sackstonii are given and the seven new species D. constrictospora, D. ellipsospora, D. guttulata, D. irregularis, D. lenispora, D. minima, and D. minusculata are introduced with detailed descriptions and illustrations. This study revealed a high diversity of previously undescribed Diaporthe species associated with woody hosts in various nature reserves of Guizhou province, indicating that there is a potential of Diaporthe species remains to be discovered in this unique landform (Karst formations) in China. Interestingly, the five known Diaporthe species have been reported as pathogens of various hosts, and this could indicate that those newly introduced species in this study could be potentially pathogenic pending further studies to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha J. Dissanayake
- Fungal Research Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China;
| | - Ya-Ya Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China;
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Jian-Kui (Jack) Liu
- Fungal Research Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China;
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31
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Menolli N, Sánchez-García M. Brazilian fungal diversity represented by DNA markers generated over 20 years. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:729-749. [PMID: 31828716 PMCID: PMC7203393 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular techniques using fungal DNA barcoding (ITS) and other markers have been key to identifying the biodiversity of different geographic areas, mainly in megadiverse countries. Here, we provide an overview of the fungal diversity in Brazil based on DNA markers of phylogenetic importance generated since 1996. We retrieved fungal sequences of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, β-tubulin, rpb1, rpb2, actin, chitin synthase, and ATP6 from GenBank using different field keywords that indicated their origin in Brazil. A total of 19,440 sequences were recovered. ITS is the most representative marker (11,209 sequences), with 70.1% belonging to Ascomycota, 18.6% Basidiomycota, 10.2% unidentified, 1.1% Mucoromycota, two sequences of Olpidium bornovanus (Fungi incertae sedis), one sequence of Blastocladiomycota (Allomyces arbusculus), and one sequence of Chytridiomycota (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Considering the sequences of all selected markers, only the phyla Cryptomycota and Entorrhizomycota were not represented. Based on ITS, using a cutoff of 98%, all sequences comprise 3047 OTUs, with the majority being Ascomycota (2088 OTUs) and Basidiomycota (681 OTUs). Previous numbers based mainly on morphological and bibliographical data revealed 5264 fungal species from Brazil, with a predominance of Basidiomycota (2741 spp.) and Ascomycota (1881 spp.). The unidentified ITS sequences not assigned to a higher taxonomic level represent 1.61% of all ITS sequences sampled and correspond to 38 unknown class-level lineages (75% cutoff). A maximum likelihood phylogeny based on LSU illustrates the fungal classes occurring in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Menolli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza e Matemática (DCM), Subárea de Biologia (SAB), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Câmpus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente 625, São Paulo, SP, 01109-010, Brazil.
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil.
| | - Marisol Sánchez-García
- Biology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
- Uppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-75005, Sweden
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Vitzilaiou E, Aunsbjerg SD, Mahyudin NA, Knøchel S. Stress Tolerance of Yeasts Dominating Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Whey Water Treatment. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:816. [PMID: 32431679 PMCID: PMC7214788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous yeast species belonging to the closely related Saprochaete clavata and Magnusiomyces spicifer were recently found to dominate biofilm communities on the retentate and permeate surface of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes used in a whey water treatment system after CIP (Cleaning-In-Place). Microscopy revealed that the two filamentous yeast species can cover extensive areas due to their large cell size and long hyphae formation. Representative strains from these species were here further characterized and displayed similar physiological and biochemical characteristics. Both strains tested were able to grow in twice RO-filtrated permeate water and metabolize the urea present. Little is known about the survival characteristics of these strains. Here, their tolerance toward heat (60, 70, and 80°C) and Ultraviolet light (UV-C) treatment at 255 nm using UV-LED was assessed as well as their ability to form biofilm and withstand cleaning associated stress. According to the heat tolerance experiments, the D60°C of S. clavata and M. spicifer is 16.37 min and 7.24 min, respectively, while a reduction of 3.5 to >4.5 log (CFU/mL) was ensured within 5 min at 70°C. UV-C light at a dose level 10 mJ/cm2 had little effect, while doses of 40 mJ/cm2 and upward ensured a ≥4log reduction in a static laboratory scale set-up. The biofilm forming potential of one filamentous yeast and one budding yeast, Sporopachydermia lactativora, both isolated from the same biofilm, was compared in assays employing flat-bottomed polystyrene microwells and peg lids, respectively. In these systems, employing both nutrient rich as well as nutrient poor media, only the filamentous yeast was able to create biofilm. However, on RO membrane coupons in static systems, both the budding yeast and a filamentous yeast were capable of forming single strain biofilms and when these coupons were exposed to different simulations of CIP treatments both the filamentous and budding yeast survived these. The dominance of these yeasts in some filter systems tested, their capacity to adhere and their tolerance toward relevant stresses as demonstrated here, suggest that these slow growing yeasts are well suited to initiate microbial biofouling on surfaces in low nutrient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Vitzilaiou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stina D. Aunsbjerg
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N. A. Mahyudin
- Department of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Susanne Knøchel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li WJ, McKenzie EHC, Liu JK(J, Bhat DJ, Dai DQ, Camporesi E, Tian Q, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Luo ZL, Shang QJ, Zhang JF, Tangthirasunun N, Karunarathna SC, Xu JC, Hyde KD. Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chaisiri C, Liu XY, Lin Y, Li JB, Xiong B, Luo CX. Phylogenetic Analysis and Development of Molecular Tool for Detection of Diaporthe citri Causing Melanose Disease of Citrus. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030329. [PMID: 32143512 PMCID: PMC7154919 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanose disease caused by Diaporthe citri is considered as one of the most important and destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. In this study, isolates from melanose samples were obtained and analyzed. Firstly, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were used to measure Diaporthe-like boundary species. Then, a subset of thirty-eight representatives were selected to perform the phylogenetic analysis with combined sequences of ITS, beta-tubulin gene (TUB), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF), calmodulin gene (CAL), and histone-3 gene (HIS). As a result, these representative isolates were identified belonging to D. citri, D. citriasiana, D. discoidispora, D. eres, D. sojae, and D. unshiuensis. Among these species, the D. citri was the predominant species that could be isolated at highest rate from different melanose diseased tissues. The morphological characteristics of representative isolates of D. citri were investigated on different media. Finally, a molecular tool based on the novel species-specific primer pair TUBDcitri-F1/TUBD-R1, which was designed from TUB gene, was developed to detect D. citri efficiently. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicon of 217 bp could be specifically amplified with the developed molecular tool. The sensitivity of the novel species-specific detection was upon to 10 pg of D. citri genomic DNA in a reaction. Therefore, the D. citri could be unequivocally identified from closely related Diaporthe species by using this simple PCR approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingchai Chaisiri
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (Y.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science & Technology, and Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (Y.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science & Technology, and Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (Y.L.)
| | - Jiang-Bo Li
- Nanfeng Citrus Research Institute, Nanfeng 344500, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Nanfeng Citrus Research Institute, Nanfeng 344500, China
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (Y.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science & Technology, and Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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Gupta S, Chaturvedi P, Kulkarni MG, Van Staden J. A critical review on exploiting the pharmaceutical potential of plant endophytic fungi. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 39:107462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Elverson TR, Kontz BJ, Markell SG, Harveson RM, Mathew FM. Quantitative PCR Assays Developed for Diaporthe helianthi and Diaporthe gulyae for Phomopsis Stem Canker Diagnosis and Germplasm Screening in Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus). PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:793-800. [PMID: 31951508 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-19-1827-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower is caused by two fungal pathogens, Diaporthe helianthi and Diaporthe gulyae, in the United States. In this study, two quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were developed to detect and quantify D. helianthi and D. gulyae in sunflower. The two assays differentiated the two fungi from each other, other species of the genus Diaporthe, and pathogens, and they have high efficiency (>90%). The qPCR assays detected the two pathogens on plant samples exhibiting Phomopsis stem canker symptoms sampled from commercial sunflower fields in Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Furthermore, the assays were used to screen cultivated sunflower accessions for resistance to D. helianthi and D. gulyae. The disease severity index (DSI) of the accessions significantly correlated (P < 0.0001) with the amount of pathogen DNA from the qPCR assays. The qPCR assays identified PI664232 and PI561918 to be significantly less susceptible (P ≤ 0.05) to D. helianthi and D. gulyae, respectively, when compared with the susceptible check cultivar HA 288, and this was in agreement with the DSI. These results suggest that the qPCR assays for D. helianthi and D. gulyae can be used as a reliable tool to diagnose Phomopsis stem canker and screen sunflower germplasm for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Elverson
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Brian J Kontz
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Samuel G Markell
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Robert M Harveson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE 69361
| | - Febina M Mathew
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
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High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with pear shoot canker in China. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2020; 45:132-162. [PMID: 34456374 PMCID: PMC8375346 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Species of Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) are important endophytes, saprobes and pathogens, infecting a wide range of plants and resulting in important crop diseases. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. In this study, a total of 453 Diaporthe isolates were obtained from branches of Pyrus plants (including P. bretschneideri, P. communis, P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis collected from 12 provinces in China) showing shoot canker symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses based on five loci (ITS, TEF, CAL, HIS, and TUB) coupled with morphology of 113 representative isolates revealed that 19 Diaporthe species were isolated, representing 13 known species (including D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. citrichinensis, D. eres, D. fusicola, D. ganjae, D. hongkongensis, D. padina, D.pescicola, D. sojae, D. taoicola, D. unshiuensis and D. velutina) and six new species described here as D. acuta, D. chongqingensis, D. fulvicolor, D. parvae, D. spinosa and D. zaobaisu. Although Koch’s postulates confirmed all species to be pathogenic, a high degree of variation in aggressiveness was observed. Moreover, these species have a high diversity, plasticity, and prevalence related to the geographical location and pear species involved.
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Mena E, Stewart S, Montesano M, Ponce de León I. Soybean Stem Canker Caused by Diaporthe caulivora; Pathogen Diversity, Colonization Process, and Plant Defense Activation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1733. [PMID: 32117332 PMCID: PMC7011206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is an important crop in South America, and its production is limited by fungal diseases caused by species from the genus Diaporthe, including seed decay, pod and stem blight, and soybean stem canker (SSC). In this study, we focused on Diaporthe species isolated from soybean plants with SSC lesions in different parts of Uruguay. Diaporthe diversity was determined by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal RNA and a partial region of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1α). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates belong to five defined groups of Diaporthe species, Diaporthe caulivora and Diaporthe longicolla being the most predominant species present in stem canker lesions. Due to the importance of D. caulivora as the causal agent of SSC in the region and other parts of the world, we further characterized the interaction of this pathogen with soybean. Based on genetic diversity of D. caulivora isolates evaluated with inter-sequence single repetition (ISSR), three different isolates were selected for pathogenicity assays. Differences in virulence were observed among the selected D. caulivora isolates on susceptible soybean plants. Further inspection of the infection and colonization process showed that D. caulivora hyphae are associated with trichomes in petioles, leaves, and stems, acting probably as physical adhesion sites of the hyphae. D. caulivora colonized the stem rapidly reaching the phloem and the xylem at 72 h post-inoculation (hpi), and after 96 hpi, the stem was heavily colonized. Infected soybean plants induce reinforcement of the cell walls, evidenced by incorporation of phenolic compounds. In addition, several defense genes were induced in D. caulivora-inoculated stems, including those encoding a pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1), a PR-10, a β-1,3-glucanase, two chitinases, two lipoxygenases, a basic peroxidase, a defensin, a phenylalanine-ammonia lyase, and a chalcone synthase. This study provides new insights into the interaction of soybean with D. caulivora, an important pathogen causing SSC, and provides information on the activation of plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilyn Mena
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Stewart
- Sección Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Uruguay
| | - Marcos Montesano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Ponce de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Arciuolo R, Santos C, Soares C, Castello G, Spigolon N, Chiusa G, Lima N, Battilani P. Molecular Characterization of Diaporthe Species Associated With Hazelnut Defects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:611655. [PMID: 33362837 PMCID: PMC7759530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.611655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Diaporthe have been reported as the main causative agent of hazelnut defects in the Caucasus area. This study aimed to define which fungal species are present in defective hazelnuts grown in Turkey and confirm the role of Diaporthe spp. Seven hazelnut orchards were selected, with each one located in a different Turkish Province (Düzce, Giresun, Ordu, Samsun, Sakarya, Trabzon, and Zonguldak), and hazelnuts were collected at early and full ripening. Fungal isolation and identification were performed at the genus level based on morphological characteristics. Several genera were isolated, with Diaporthe spp. being among the prevalent. This was the only genus with increasing incidence from early to full ripening, and incidence at full ripening was positively correlated both with internal (ρ = 0.86) and visible defects (ρ = 0.81), which confirmed its role as the key causative agent of hazelnut defects. The correlation of defect occurrence with rainfall, reported in previous study, was not confirmed, possibly due to the low defect incidence. A total of 86 Diaporthe monosporic strains isolated from Turkish hazelnut samples, together with 33 strains collected in the Caucasus region and 6 from Italy, were analyzed with a multi-locus phylogeny based on three genomic loci (ITS, EF1-α, and tub). The results showed that Diaporthe strains can be grouped into 7 distinct clades, with a majority of Turkish strains (95%) being placed into a single clade related with D. eres. These samples were organized into several sub-clades, which indicates the existence of genetically diverse sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Arciuolo
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Carla Santos
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Célia Soares
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | - Giorgio Chiusa
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Nelson Lima
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Battilani,
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Duan X, Xu F, Qin D, Gao T, Shen W, Zuo S, Yu B, Xu J, Peng Y, Dong J. Diversity and bioactivities of fungal endophytes from Distylium chinense, a rare waterlogging tolerant plant endemic to the Three Gorges Reservoir. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:278. [PMID: 31822262 PMCID: PMC6902458 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study involves diversity and biological activities of the endophytic fungal community from Distylium chinense, a rare waterlogging tolerant plant endemic to the Three Gorges Reservoir. This study has been conducted hypothesizing that the microbial communities in the TGR area would contribute to the host plant tolerating a range of abiotic stress such as summer flooding, infertility, drought, salinity and soil erosion etc., and they may produce new metabolites, which may possess plentiful bioactive property, especially antioxidant activity. Therefore in the current study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of 154 endophytes recovered from D. chinense have been investigated. Furthermore, the active metabolites of the most broad-spectrum bioactive strain have also been studied. RESULTS A total of 154 fungal endophytes were isolated from roots and stems. They were categorized into 30 morphotypes based on cultural characteristics and were affiliated with 27 different taxa. Among these, the most abundant fungal orders included Diaporthales (34.4%) and Botryosphaeriales (30.5%), which were predominantly represented by the species Phomopsis sp. (24.7%) and Neofusicoccum parvum (23.4%). Fermentation extracts were evaluated, screening for antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Among the 154 isolates tested, 99 (64.3%) displayed significant antioxidant activity, 153 (99.4%) exhibited inclusive antimicrobial activity against at least one tested microorganism and 27 (17.5%) showed exclusive anticancer activity against one or more cancer cell lines. Specifically, the crude extract of Irpex lacteus DR10-1 exhibited note-worthy bioactivities. Further chemical investigation on DR10-1 strain resulted in the isolation and identification of two known bioactive metabolites, indole-3-carboxylic acid (1) and indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2), indicating their potential roles in plant growth promotion and human medicinal value. CONCLUSION These results indicated that diverse endophytic fungal population inhabits D. chinense. One of the fungal isolate DR10-1 (Irpex lacteus) exhibited significant antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. Further, its active secondary metabolites 1 and 2 also showed antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Animal Research Institute of Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiancong Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyun Shen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, 158 Guangchanghou Road, Huzhou, 313000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihao Zuo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohong Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieru Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
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Ye D, Li T, Yi Y, Zhang X, Zou L. Characteristics of endophytic fungi from Polygonum hydropiper suggest potential application for P-phytoextraction. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen X, Luo X, Fan M, Zeng W, Yang C, Wu J, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Zhao P. Endophytic fungi from the branches of Camellia taliensis (W. W. Smith) Melchior, a widely distributed wild tea plant. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:113. [PMID: 31289918 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Camellia taliensis (W. W. Smith) Melchior is a wild tea plant endemic from the west and southwest of Yunnan province of China to the north of Myanmar and is used commonly to produce tea by the local people of its growing areas. Its chemical constituents are closely related to those of C. sinensis var. assamica, a widely cultivated tea plant. In this study, the α diversity and phylogeny of endophytic fungi in the branches of C. taliensis were explored for the first time. A total of 160 fungal strains were obtained and grouped into 42 species from 29 genera, which were identified based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. Diversity analysis showed that the endophytic fungal community of the branches of C. taliensis had high species richness S (42), Margalef index D' (8.0785), Shannon-Wiener index H' (2.8494), Simpson diversity index DS (0.8891), PIE index (0.8947) and evenness Pielou index J (0.7623) but a low dominant index λ (0.1109). By contrast, that in the branches of C. taliensis had abundant species and high species evenness. Diaporthe tectonigena, Acrocalymma sp. and Colletotrichum magnisporum were the dominant endophytic fungi. The phylogenetic tree was established by maximum parsimony analysis, and the 11 orders observed for endophytic fungi belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were grouped into 4 classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Chen
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Xulu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Fan
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China.
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Lesuthu P, Mostert L, Spies CFJ, Moyo P, Regnier T, Halleen F. Diaporthe nebulae sp. nov. and First Report of D. cynaroidis, D. novem, and D. serafiniae on Grapevines in South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:808-817. [PMID: 30920350 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-18-0433-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Diaporthe species cause Phomopsis cane and leaf spot as well as Phomopsis dieback on grapevines. Symptoms of Phomopsis dieback have increasingly been observed over the past few years. In order to assess the current status of Diaporthe on grapevines in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, isolations were made from dormant grafted nursery vines, dormant rootstock canes, and dying or dead spurs of field vines. Cultures identified as Diaporthe based on morphological features were further identified to species level by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 and 5.8S rRNA and, for a representative subsample of isolates, the partial beta-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS, tub2, and EF1-α data revealed nine Diaporthe species associated with grapevines during this survey. One of these represents a new species, D. nebulae sp. nov., and three other species, namely D. novem, D. cynaroidis, and D. serafiniae, are reported on grapevines in South Africa for the first time. Species-specific primers were designed for PCR identification of D. ampelina, D. ambigua, and D. foeniculina. Pathogenicity studies conducted on detached grapevine shoots indicated D. ampelina, D. novem, and D. nebulae sp. nov. as the most virulent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Lesuthu
- 1 Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
- 3 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lizel Mostert
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; and
| | - Christoffel F J Spies
- 1 Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; and
| | - Providence Moyo
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; and
| | - Thierry Regnier
- 3 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Francois Halleen
- 1 Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; and
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Marin-Felix Y, Hernández-Restrepo M, Wingfield M, Akulov A, Carnegie A, Cheewangkoon R, Gramaje D, Groenewald J, Guarnaccia V, Halleen F, Lombard L, Luangsa-ard J, Marincowitz S, Moslemi A, Mostert L, Quaedvlieg W, Schumacher R, Spies C, Thangavel R, Taylor P, Wilson A, Wingfield B, Wood A, Crous P. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 2. Stud Mycol 2019; 92:47-133. [PMID: 29997401 PMCID: PMC6031069 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper represents the second contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information regarding the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera. In addition, primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species are included. This second paper in the GOPHY series treats 20 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: Allantophomopsiella, Apoharknessia, Cylindrocladiella, Diaporthe, Dichotomophthora, Gaeumannomyces, Harknessia, Huntiella, Macgarvieomyces, Metulocladosporiella, Microdochium, Oculimacula, Paraphoma, Phaeoacremonium, Phyllosticta, Proxypiricularia, Pyricularia, Stenocarpella, Utrechtiana and Wojnowiciella. This study includes the new genus Pyriculariomyces, 20 new species, five new combinations, and six typifications for older names.
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Key Words
- 26 new taxa
- Apoharknessia eucalypti Crous & M.J. Wingf.
- Cylindrocladiella addiensis L. Lombard & Crous
- Cylindrocladiella nauliensis L. Lombard & Crous
- DNA barcodes
- Diaporthe heterophyllae Guarnaccia & Crous
- Diaporthe racemosae A.R. Wood, Guarnaccia & Crous
- Dichotomophthora basellae Hern.-Restr., Cheew. & Crous
- Dichotomophthora brunnea Hern.-Restr. & Crous
- Fungal systematics
- Harknessia bourbonica Crous & M.J. Wingf.
- Harknessia corymbiae Crous & A.J. Carnegie
- Harknessia cupressi Crous & R.K. Schumach.
- Harknessia pilularis Crous & A.J. Carnegie
- Helminthosporium arundinaceum Corda
- Huntiella abstrusa A.M. Wilson, Marinc., M.J. Wingf.
- Macgarvieomyces luzulae (Ondřej) Y. Marín, Akulov & Crous
- Metulocladosporiella chiangmaiensis Y. Marín, Cheew. & Crous
- Metulocladosporiella malaysiana Y. Marín & Crous
- Metulocladosporiella musigena Y. Marín, Cheew. & Crous
- Metulocladosporiella samutensis Y. Marín, Luangsa-ard & Crous
- Microdochium novae-zelandiae Hern.-Restr., Thangavel & Crous
- Oculimacula acuformis (Nirenberg) Y. Marín & Crous
- Phaeoacremonium pravum C.F.J. Spies, L. Mostert & Halleen
- Phomopsis pseudotsugae M. Wilson
- Phyllosticta iridigena Y. Marín & Crous
- Phyllosticta persooniae Y. Marín & Crous
- Pyricularia luzulae Ondřej
- Pyricularia zingiberis Y. Nishik
- Pyriculariomyces Y. Marín, M.J. Wingf. & Crous
- Pyriculariomyces asari (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Y. Marín, M.J. Wingf. & Crous
- Six new typifications
- Utrechtiana arundinacea (Corda) Crous, Quaedvl. & Y. Marín
- Utrechtiana constantinescui (Melnik & Shabunin) Crous & Y. Marín
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Marin-Felix
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - M. Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - A. Akulov
- V.N. Karasin National University of Kharkiv, Svobody sq. 4, Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine
| | - A.J. Carnegie
- Forest Science, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 5123, Parramatta, New South Wales 2124, Australia
| | - R. Cheewangkoon
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - D. Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V. Guarnaccia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Halleen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Luangsa-ard
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity and Biotechnological Resource Research Unit (BBR), BIOTEC, NSTDA 113, Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - S. Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - A. Moslemi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne 3010, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L. Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - W. Quaedvlieg
- Naktuinbouw, Sotaweg 22, 2371 GD Roelofarendsveen, the Netherlands
| | | | - C.F.J. Spies
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - R. Thangavel
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - P.W.J. Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne 3010, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A.M. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - B.D. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - A.R. Wood
- ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Yang Q, Fan XL, Guarnaccia V, Tian CM. High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with dieback diseases in China, with twelve new species described. MycoKeys 2018; 39:97-149. [PMID: 30271260 PMCID: PMC6160862 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.39.26914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaporthe species have often been reported as important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Although several Diaporthe species have been recorded in China, little is known about species able to infect forest trees. Therefore, extensive surveys were recently conducted in Beijing, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Zhejiang Provinces. The current results emphasised on 15 species from 42 representative isolates involving 16 host genera using comparisons of DNA sequence data for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (cal), histone H3 (his3), partial translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions, as well as their morphological features. Three known species, D.biguttulata, D.eres and D.unshiuensis, were identified. In addition, twelve novel taxa were collected and are described as D.acerigena, D.alangii, D.betulina, D.caryae, D.cercidis, D.chensiensis, D.cinnamomi, D.conica, D.fraxinicola, D.kadsurae, D.padina and D.ukurunduensis. The current study improves the understanding of species causing diebacks on ecological and economic forest trees and provides useful information for the effective disease management of these hosts in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China, V. GuarnacciaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin-Lei Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China, V. GuarnacciaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Vladimiro Guarnaccia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The NetherlandsWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity InstituteUtrechtNetherlands
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South AfricaUniversity of StellenboschMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Cheng-Ming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China, V. GuarnacciaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Roscini L, Tristezza M, Corte L, Colabella C, Perrotta C, Rampino P, Robert V, Vu D, Cardinali G, Grieco F. Early Ongoing Speciation of Ogataea uvarum Sp. Nov. Within the Grape Ecosystem Revealed by the Internal Variability Among the rDNA Operon Repeats. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1687. [PMID: 30123190 PMCID: PMC6085423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A yeast strain was isolated during a study on vineyard-associated yeast strains from Apulia in Southern Italy. ITS and LSU D1/D2 rDNA sequences showed this strain not to belong to any known species and was described as the type strain of Ogataea uvarum sp. nov., a close relative of O. philodendri. Several secondary peaks appeared in the sequences, suggesting internal heterogeneity among the copies of the rDNA. This hypothesis was tested by sequencing single clones of the marker region. The analyses showed different levels of variability throughout the operon with differences between the rRNA encoding genes and the internally transcribed regions. O. uvarum and O. philodendri share high frequency variants, i.e., variants frequently found in many clones, whereas there is a large variability of the low frequency polymorphisms, suggesting that the mechanism of homogenization is more active with the former than with the latter type of variation. These findings indicate that low frequency variants are detected in Sanger sequencing as secondary peaks whereas in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of metagenomics DNA would lead to an overestimate of the alpha diversity. For the first time in our knowledge, this investigation shed light on the variation of the copy number of the rDNA cistron during the yeast speciation process. These polymorphisms can be used to investigate on the processes occurring in these taxonomic markers during the separation of fungal species, it being a genetic process highly frequent in the complex microbial ecosystem existing in grape, must and wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roscini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Microbiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariana Tristezza
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Corte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Microbiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Colabella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Microbiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Perrotta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rampino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincent Robert
- Bioinformatics Unit, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Duong Vu
- Bioinformatics Unit, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gianluigi Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Microbiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials (CEMIN), Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Grieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
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Fan X, Yang Q, Bezerra JDP, Alvarez LV, Tian C. Diaporthe from walnut tree (Juglans regia) in China, with insight of the Diaporthe eres complex. Mycol Prog 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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48
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Soares DA, de Oliveira DP, Dos Santos TT, Marson PG, Pimenta RS. Multiloci identification of Diaporthe fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe (Costaceae). J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:172-180. [PMID: 29603526 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study is to identify species from genus Diaporthe associated with a medicinal plant Costus spiralis by ITS, EF 1-α, TUB and CAL gens. METHODS AND RESULTS The 30 isolates from the genus Diaporthe associated with the medicinal plant Costus spiralis were characterized based on morphological characters and the microculture technique and grouped by DNA fingerprinting with the ISSP gene. Afterwards, a total of 12 isolates were selected for the identification of the species based on the comparative research on the blast through the sequences of the ITS gene. Phylogenetic Tree of Maximum Likelihood were generated with the ITS gene individually and with the genes ITS, TUB, CAL and EF1-α combined with the Diaporthe species recognized and with the additional sequences obtained from GenBank for these species. CONCLUSIONS It was not possible to characterize the 30 isolates microscopically and macromorphologically through the microculture technique and the macromorphological characteristics. The 12 isolates selected based on the DNA fingerprinting profile identified phylogenetically, revealed five distinct species of Diaporthe which are present in C. spiralis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The molecular analyses used in this study are excellent alternatives for species-level identification of Diaporthe associated with medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Soares
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil
| | | | | | - P G Marson
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil
| | - R S Pimenta
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil
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Jayawardena RS, Purahong W, Zhang W, Wubet T, Li X, Liu M, Zhao W, Hyde KD, Liu J, Yan J. Biodiversity of fungi on Vitis vinifera L. revealed by traditional and high-resolution culture-independent approaches. FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cosoveanu A, Rodriguez Sabina S, Cabrera R. Fungi as Endophytes in Artemisia thuscula: Juxtaposed Elements of Diversity and Phylogeny. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4010017. [PMID: 29382076 PMCID: PMC5872320 DOI: 10.3390/jof4010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia is a plant genus highly studied for its medicinal applications. The studies on the associated fungal endophytes are scarce. Ten plants specimens of Artemisia thuscula from Tenerife and La Palma were sampled to isolate the endophytic fungi. Identification of the endophytic fungi was based on morphology, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and Large Subunit (LSU) regions sequencing and indicates 37 fungal species affiliated to 25 fungal genera. Colonization rate varied among plants (CR = 25% to 92.11%). The most dominant colonizers found were Alternaria alternata (CF = 18.71%), Neofusicoccum sp. (CF = 8.39%) and Preussia sp. (CF = 3.23). Tendency for host specificity of most endophytic fungal species was observed. Sorensen-Dice index revealed that of 45 cases in the matrix, 27 of them were of zero similarity. Further, only one case was found to have 57% similarity (TF2 and TF7) and one case with 50% similarity (TF1 and TF4). The rest of the cases had values ranging between 11% and 40% similarity. Diversity indices like Brillouin, Margalef species richness, Simpson index of diversity and Fisher's alpha, revealed plants from La Palma with higher values than plants from Tenerife. Three nutrient media (i.e., potato dextrose agar-PDA, lignocellulose agar-LCA, and tomato juice agar-V8) were used in a case study and revealed no differences in terms of colonization rate when data was averaged. Colonization frequency showed several species with preference for nutrient medium (63% of the species were isolated from only one nutrient medium). For the phylogenetic reconstruction using the Bayesian method, 54 endophytic fungal ITS sequences and associated GenBank sequences were analyzed. Ten orders (Diaporthales, Dothideales, Botryosphaeriales, Hypocreales, Trichosphaeriales, Amphisphaeriales, Xylariales, Capnodiales, Pleosporales and Eurotiales) were recognized. Several arrangements of genera draw the attention, like Aureobasidium (Dothideales) and Aplosporella (Botryosphaeriales) which are clustered with a recent ancestor (BS = 0.97).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Cosoveanu
- Department Botanica, Ecologia & Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Samuel Rodriguez Sabina
- Department Botanica, Ecologia & Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Raimundo Cabrera
- Department Botanica, Ecologia & Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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