1
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Ji RC. The emerging importance of lymphangiogenesis in aging and aging-associated diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 221:111975. [PMID: 39089499 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic aging represented by cellular and functional changes, is involved in increased geriatric disorders, but the intersection between aging and lymphatic modulation is less clear. Lymphatic vessels play an essential role in maintaining tissue fluid homeostasis, regulating immune function, and promoting macromolecular transport. Lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic remodeling following cellular senescence and organ deterioration are crosslinked with the progression of some lymphatic-associated diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, inflammation, lymphoedema, and cancer. Age-related detrimental tissue changes may occur in lymphatic vessels with diverse etiologies, and gradually shift towards chronic low-grade inflammation, so-called inflammaging, and lead to decreased immune response. The investigation of the relationship between advanced age and organ deterioration is becoming an area of rapidly increasing significance in lymphatic biology and medicine. Here we highlight the emerging importance of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic remodeling in the regulation of aging-related pathological processes, which will help to find new avenues for effective intervention to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Ji
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan.
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2
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Li N, Ruan M, Chen W, Han Y, Yang K, Xu H, Shi S, Wang S, Wang H, Wang Y, Liang Q. An arabinogalactan isolated from Cynanchum atratum promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel remodeling to alleviate secondary lymphedema. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133061. [PMID: 38866272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Secondary lymphedema is a chronic and incurable disease lacking satisfactory therapeutic drugs. It primarily results from lymphatic vessel dysfunction resulting from factors such as tumor-related surgery, injury, or infection. Promoting lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel remodeling is crucial for restoring tissue fluid drainage and treating secondary lymphedema. In this study, we discovered that the oral administration of a type-II arabinogalactan (CAPW-1, molecular weight: 64 kDa) significantly promoted lymphangiogenesis and alleviated edema in mice with secondary lymphedema. Notably, the tail diameter of the CAPW-1200 group considerably decreased in comparison to that of the lymphedema group, with an average diameter difference reaching 0.98 mm on day 14. CAPW-1 treatment also reduced the average thickness of the subcutaneous area in the CAPW-1200 group to 0.37 mm (compared with 0.73 mm in the lymphedema group). It also facilitated the return of injected indocyanine green (ICG) from the tail tip to the sciatic lymph nodes, indicating that CAPW-1 promoted lymphatic vessel remodeling at the injury site. In addition, CAPW-1 enhanced the proliferation and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells. This phenomenon was associated with the activation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, thereby promoting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), which can be abolished using a TLR4 antagonist. Despite these findings, CAPW-1 did not alleviate the symptoms of lymphedema or restore lymphatic drainage in VEGFR3flox/flox/Prox1-CreERT2 mice. In summary, CAPW-1 alleviates secondary lymphedema by promoting lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel remodeling through the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/VEGF-C signaling pathway, indicating its potential as a therapeutic lymphangiogenesis agent for patients with secondary lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Ruan
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weihao Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunxi Han
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kunru Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Songshan Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shunchun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wan-Ping South Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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3
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Okamoto K. Crosstalk between bone and the immune system. J Bone Miner Metab 2024; 42:470-480. [PMID: 39060500 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-024-01539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Bone functions not only as a critical element of the musculoskeletal system but also serves as the primary lymphoid organ harboring hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and immune progenitor cells. The interdisciplinary field of osteoimmunology has illuminated the dynamic interactions between the skeletal and immune systems, vital for the maintenance of skeletal tissue homeostasis and the pathogenesis of immune and skeletal diseases. Aberrant immune activation stimulates bone cells such as osteoclasts and osteoblasts, disturbing the bone remodeling and leading to skeletal disorders as seen in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, intricate multicellular network within the bone marrow creates a specialized microenvironment essential for the maintenance and differentiation of HSCs and the progeny. Dysregulation of immune-bone crosstalk in the bone marrow environment can trigger tumorigenesis and exacerbated inflammation. A comprehensive deciphering of the complex "immune-bone crosstalk" leads to a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of immune diseases as well as skeletal diseases, and might provide insight into potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Immune Environment Dynamics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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4
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Doi N, Ino Y, Fuse M, Esaki M, Shimada K, Hiraoka N. Correlation of Vein-Rich Tumor Microenvironment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma With Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Patient Outcome. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100401. [PMID: 38043787 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an aggressive cancer composed of large-duct and small-duct types. Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment and its related vascular system is important for developing novel and efficient therapies. We focused on tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) as a hallmark of antitumor immunity and investigated the clinicopathologic significance of TLSs and the influence of vascular microenvironment on TLS formation in iCCAs. We examined 261 iCCA cases clinicopathologically and analyzed the vascular system using immunohistochemistry. Single-cell (102,685 cells) and bulk RNA (33 iCCA cases) sequencing analyses were performed using data sets downloaded from public databases, and endothelial cell characteristics in iCCA tissues and functional networks related to the tumor microenvironment were bioinformatically examined. High densities of both intratumoral and peritumoral TLSs were significantly associated with prolonged survival only in large-duct-type iCCA. Multivariate analyses showed that peritumoral TLS was a prognostic factor for the large-duct type. TLS-rich iCCA had a significantly higher vein density and tumor-infiltrating T-cell count than TLS-poor iCCA. Both the presence of TLSs and high vein endothelial cells in iCCA tissues were significantly associated with molecular networks representing active immune responses in transcriptomic analysis. Vein density was a prognostic factor in patients with large-duct and small-duct types. This suggests that TLS formation is involved in a microenvironment with high vein density, which represents an antitumor-directed immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriteru Doi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center EPOC, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ino
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center EPOC, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Fuse
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center EPOC, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Esaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center EPOC, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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De Martin A, Stanossek Y, Pikor NB, Ludewig B. Protective fibroblastic niches in secondary lymphoid organs. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221220. [PMID: 38038708 PMCID: PMC10691961 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are specialized fibroblasts of secondary lymphoid organs that provide the structural foundation of the tissue. Moreover, FRCs guide immune cells to dedicated microenvironmental niches where they provide lymphocytes and myeloid cells with homeostatic growth and differentiation factors. Inflammatory processes, including infection with pathogens, induce rapid morphological and functional adaptations that are critical for the priming and regulation of protective immune responses. However, adverse FRC reprogramming can promote immunopathological tissue damage during infection and autoimmune conditions and subvert antitumor immune responses. Here, we review recent findings on molecular pathways that regulate FRC-immune cell crosstalk in specialized niches during the generation of protective immune responses in the course of pathogen encounters. In addition, we discuss how FRCs integrate immune cell-derived signals to ensure protective immunity during infection and how therapies for inflammatory diseases and cancer can be developed through improved understanding of FRC-immune cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yves Stanossek
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Barbara Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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6
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You X, Koop K, Weigert A. Heterogeneity of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286850. [PMID: 38111571 PMCID: PMC10725932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of immunotherapy approaches, such as immune checkpoint blockade and cellular immunotherapy with genetically modified lymphocytes, has firmly embedded the immune system in the roadmap for combating cancer. Unfortunately, the majority of cancer patients do not yet benefit from these therapeutic approaches, even when the prognostic relevance of the immune response in their tumor entity has been demonstrated. Therefore, there is a justified need to explore new strategies for inducing anti-tumor immunity. The recent connection between the formation of ectopic lymphoid aggregates at tumor sites and patient prognosis, along with an effective anti-tumor response, suggests that manipulating the occurrence of these tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) may play a critical role in activating the immune system against a growing tumor. However, mechanisms governing TLS formation and a clear understanding of their substantial heterogeneity are still lacking. Here, we briefly summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms driving TLS development, outline the impact of TLS heterogeneity on clinical outcomes in cancer patients, and discuss appropriate systems for modeling TLS heterogeneity that may help identify new strategies for inducing protective TLS formation in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin You
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristina Koop
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany
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7
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Lütge M, De Martin A, Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, Stanossek Y, Onder L, Cheng HW, Kurz L, Cadosch N, Soneson C, Robinson MD, Stoeckli SJ, Ludewig B, Pikor NB. Conserved stromal-immune cell circuits secure B cell homeostasis and function. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1149-1160. [PMID: 37202489 PMCID: PMC10307622 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
B cell zone reticular cells (BRCs) form stable microenvironments that direct efficient humoral immunity with B cell priming and memory maintenance being orchestrated across lymphoid organs. However, a comprehensive understanding of systemic humoral immunity is hampered by the lack of knowledge of global BRC sustenance, function and major pathways controlling BRC-immune cell interactions. Here we dissected the BRC landscape and immune cell interactome in human and murine lymphoid organs. In addition to the major BRC subsets underpinning the follicle, including follicular dendritic cells, PI16+ RCs were present across organs and species. As well as BRC-produced niche factors, immune cell-driven BRC differentiation and activation programs governed the convergence of shared BRC subsets, overwriting tissue-specific gene signatures. Our data reveal that a canonical set of immune cell-provided cues enforce bidirectional signaling programs that sustain functional BRC niches across lymphoid organs and species, thereby securing efficient humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Yves Stanossek
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Kurz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Cadosch
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Soneson
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro J Stoeckli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Natalia B Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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8
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Vallecillo-García P, Orgeur M, Comai G, Poehle-Kronawitter S, Fischer C, Gloger M, Dumas CE, Giesecke-Thiel C, Sauer S, Tajbakhsh S, Höpken UE, Stricker S. A local subset of mesenchymal cells expressing the transcription factor Osr1 orchestrates lymph node initiation. Immunity 2023; 56:1204-1219.e8. [PMID: 37160119 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During development, lymph node (LN) initiation is coordinated by lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells that attract lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells at strategic positions within the embryo. The identity and function of LTo cells during the initial attraction of LTi cells remain poorly understood. Using lineage tracing, we demonstrated that a subset of Osr1-expressing cells was mesenchymal LTo progenitors. By investigating the heterogeneity of Osr1+ cells, we uncovered distinct mesenchymal LTo signatures at diverse anatomical locations, identifying a common progenitor of mesenchymal LTos and LN-associated adipose tissue. Osr1 was essential for LN initiation, driving the commitment of mesenchymal LTo cells independent of neural retinoic acid, and for LN-associated lymphatic vasculature assembly. The combined action of chemokines CXCL13 and CCL21 was required for LN initiation. Our results redefine the role and identity of mesenchymal organizer cells and unify current views by proposing a model of cooperative cell function in LN initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickael Orgeur
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Glenda Comai
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells & Development Unit, CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | | | - Cornelius Fischer
- Core Facility Genomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marleen Gloger
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Translational Tumor Immunology, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Uppsala University, Immunology Genetics and Pathology, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Camille E Dumas
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, 13009 Marseille, France
| | | | - Sascha Sauer
- Core Facility Genomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells & Development Unit, CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Uta E Höpken
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Weigel C, Bellaci J, Spiegel S. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptors in vascular endothelial and lymphatic barrier function. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104775. [PMID: 37142226 PMCID: PMC10220486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular and lymphatic systems both comprise a series of structurally distinct vessels lined with an inner layer of endothelial cells that function to provide a semipermeable barrier to blood and lymph. Regulation of the endothelial barrier is critical for maintaining vascular and lymphatic barrier homeostasis. One of the regulators of endothelial barrier function and integrity is sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite secreted into the blood by erythrocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells and into the lymph by lymph endothelial cells. Binding of S1P to its G protein-coupled receptors, known as S1PR1-5, regulates its pleiotropic functions. This review outlines the structural and functional differences between vascular and lymphatic endothelium and describes current understanding of the importance of S1P/S1PR signaling in regulation of barrier functions. Most studies thus far have been primarily focused on the role of the S1P/S1PR1 axis in vasculature and have been summarized in several excellent reviews, and thus, we will only discuss new perspectives on the molecular mechanisms of action of S1P and its receptors. Much less is known about the responses of the lymphatic endothelium to S1P and the functions of S1PRs in lymph endothelial cells, and this is the major focus of this review. We also discuss current knowledge related to signaling pathways and factors regulated by the S1P/S1PR axis that control lymphatic endothelial cell junctional integrity. Gaps and limitations in current knowledge are highlighted together with the need to further understand the role of S1P receptors in the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bellaci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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10
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De Martin A, Stanossek Y, Lütge M, Cadosch N, Onder L, Cheng HW, Brandstadter JD, Maillard I, Stoeckli SJ, Pikor NB, Ludewig B. PI16 + reticular cells in human palatine tonsils govern T cell activity in distinct subepithelial niches. Nat Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41590-023-01502-4. [PMID: 37202490 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) direct the interaction and activation of immune cells in discrete microenvironments of lymphoid organs. Despite their important role in steering innate and adaptive immunity, the age- and inflammation-associated changes in the molecular identity and functional properties of human FRCs have remained largely unknown. Here, we show that human tonsillar FRCs undergo dynamic reprogramming during life and respond vigorously to inflammatory perturbation in comparison to other stromal cell types. The peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16)-expressing reticular cell (PI16+ RC) subset of adult tonsils exhibited the strongest inflammation-associated structural remodeling. Interactome analysis combined with ex vivo and in vitro validation revealed that T cell activity within subepithelial niches is controlled by distinct molecular pathways during PI16+ RC-lymphocyte interaction. In sum, the topological and molecular definition of the human tonsillar stromal cell landscape reveals PI16+ RCs as a specialized FRC niche at the core of mucosal immune responses in the oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yves Stanossek
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Cadosch
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Joshua D Brandstadter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandro J Stoeckli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Natalia B Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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11
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Arroz-Madeira S, Bekkhus T, Ulvmar MH, Petrova TV. Lessons of Vascular Specialization From Secondary Lymphoid Organ Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Circ Res 2023; 132:1203-1225. [PMID: 37104555 PMCID: PMC10144364 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes, harbor highly specialized and compartmentalized niches. These niches are optimized to facilitate the encounter of naive lymphocytes with antigens and antigen-presenting cells, enabling optimal generation of adaptive immune responses. Lymphatic vessels of lymphoid organs are uniquely specialized to perform a staggering variety of tasks. These include antigen presentation, directing the trafficking of immune cells but also modulating immune cell activation and providing factors for their survival. Recent studies have provided insights into the molecular basis of such specialization, opening avenues for better understanding the mechanisms of immune-vascular interactions and their applications. Such knowledge is essential for designing better treatments for human diseases given the central role of the immune system in infection, aging, tissue regeneration and repair. In addition, principles established in studies of lymphoid organ lymphatic vessel functions and organization may be applied to guide our understanding of specialization of vascular beds in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Arroz-Madeira
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
| | - Tove Bekkhus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden (T.B., M.H.U.)
| | - Maria H. Ulvmar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden (T.B., M.H.U.)
| | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
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12
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Zhang Y, Feng X, Chen J, Liu J, Wu J, Tan H, Mi Z, Rong P. Controversial role of ILC3s in intestinal diseases: A novelty perspective on immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134636. [PMID: 37063879 PMCID: PMC10090672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ILC3s have been identified as crucial immune regulators that play a role in maintaining host homeostasis and modulating the antitumor response. Emerging evidence supports the idea that LTi cells play an important role in initiating lymphoid tissue development, while other ILC3s can promote host defense and orchestrate adaptive immunity, mainly through the secretion of specific cytokines and crosstalk with other immune cells or tissues. Additionally, dysregulation of ILC3-mediated overexpression of cytokines, changes in subset abundance, and conversion toward other ILC subsets are closely linked with the occurrence of tumors and inflammatory diseases. Regulation of ILC3 cytokines, ILC conversion and LTi-induced TLSs may be a novel strategy for treating tumors and intestinal or extraintestinal inflammatory diseases. Herein, we discuss the development of ILCs, the biology of ILC3s, ILC plasticity, the correlation of ILC3s and adaptive immunity, crosstalk with the intestinal microenvironment, controversial roles of ILC3s in intestinal diseases and potential applications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Department of Government & Public Administration, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongpei Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze Mi
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ze Mi, ; Pengfei Rong,
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ze Mi, ; Pengfei Rong,
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13
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Albertin G, Astolfi L, Fede C, Simoni E, Contran M, Petrelli L, Tiengo C, Guidolin D, De Caro R, Stecco C. Detection of Lymphatic Vessels in the Superficial Fascia of the Abdomen. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030836. [PMID: 36983991 PMCID: PMC10058564 DOI: 10.3390/life13030836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the superficial fascia has been recognized as a specific anatomical structure between the two adipose layers-the superficial adipose tissue (SAT) and the deep adipose tissue (DAT). The evaluation of specific characteristics of cells, fibers, blood circulation, and innervation has shown that the superficial fascia has a clear and distinct anatomical identity, but knowledge about lymphatic vessels in relation to the superficial fascia has not been described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of lymphatic vessels in the hypodermis, with a specific focus on the superficial fascia and in relation to the layered subdivision of the subcutaneous tissue into SAT and DAT. Tissue specimens were harvested from three adult volunteer patients during abdominoplasty and stained with D2-40 antibody for the lymphatic endothelium. In the papillary dermis, a huge presence of lymphatic vessels was highlighted, parallel to the skin surface and embedded in the loose connective tissue. In the superficial adipose tissue, thin lymphatic vessels (mean diameter of 11.6 ± 7.71 µm) were found, close to the fibrous septa connecting the dermis to the deeper layers. The deep adipose tissue showed a comparable overall content of lymphatic vessels with respect to the superficial layer; they followed the blood vessel and had a larger diameter. In the superficial fascia, the lymphatic vessels showed higher density and a larger diameter, in both the longitudinal and transverse directions along the fibers, as well as vessels that intertwined with one another, forming a rich network of vessels. This study demonstrated a different distribution of the lymphatic vessels in the various subcutaneous layers, especially in the superficial fascia, and the demonstration of the variable gauge of the vessels leads us to believe that they play different functional roles in the collection and transport of interstitial fluid-important factors in various surgical and rehabilitation fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Albertin
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Astolfi
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center of International Auditory Processing Project in Venice (I-APPROVE), Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Santi Giovanni e Paolo Hospital, ULSS3 Serenissima, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Caterina Fede
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Edi Simoni
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center of International Auditory Processing Project in Venice (I-APPROVE), Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Santi Giovanni e Paolo Hospital, ULSS3 Serenissima, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Martina Contran
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Stecco
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
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14
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Vella G, Hua Y, Bergers G. High endothelial venules in cancer: Regulation, function, and therapeutic implication. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:527-545. [PMID: 36827979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The lack of sufficient intratumoral CD8+ T lymphocytes is a significant obstacle to effective immunotherapy in cancer. High endothelial venules (HEVs) are organ-specific and specialized postcapillary venules uniquely poised to facilitate the transmigration of lymphocytes to lymph nodes (LNs) and other secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). HEVs can also form in human and murine cancer (tumor HEVs [TU-HEVs]) and contribute to the generation of diffuse T cell-enriched aggregates or tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), which are commonly associated with a good prognosis. Thus, therapeutic induction of TU-HEVs may provide attractive avenues to induce and sustain the efficacy of immunotherapies by overcoming the major restriction of T cell exclusion from the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provide current insight into the commonalities and discrepancies of HEV formation and regulation in LNs and tumors and discuss the specific function and significance of TU-HEVs in eliciting, predicting, and aiding anti-tumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlanda Vella
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yichao Hua
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Pandit H, Valentin A, Angel M, Deleage C, Bergamaschi C, Bear J, Sowder R, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN. Step-dose IL-7 treatment promotes systemic expansion of T cells and alters immune cell landscape in blood and lymph nodes. iScience 2023; 26:105929. [PMID: 36685042 PMCID: PMC9852696 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed a dose-escalation regimen in rhesus macaques to deliver glycosylated IL-7, a cytokine critical for development and maintenance of T lymphocytes. IL-7 increased proliferation and survival of T cells and triggered several chemokines and cytokines. Induction of CXCL13 in lymph nodes (LNs) led to a remarkable increase of B cells in the LNs, proliferation of germinal center follicular T helper cells and elevated IL-21 levels suggesting an increase in follicle activity. Transcriptomics analysis showed induction of IRF-7 and Flt3L, which was linked to increased frequency of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) on IL-7 treatment. These pDCs expressed higher levels of CCR7, homed to LNs, and were associated with upregulation of type-1 interferon gene signature and increased production of IFN-α2a on TLR stimulation. Superior effects and dose-sparing advantage was observed by the step-dose regimen. Thus, IL-7 treatment leads to systemic effects involving both lymphoid and myeloid compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh Pandit
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Matthew Angel
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Claire Deleage
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Cristina Bergamaschi
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jenifer Bear
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Raymond Sowder
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barbara K. Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - George N. Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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16
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Pezoldt J, Wiechers C, Zou M, Litovchenko M, Biocanin M, Beckstette M, Sitnik K, Palatella M, van Mierlo G, Chen W, Gardeux V, Floess S, Ebel M, Russeil J, Arampatzi P, Vafardanejad E, Saliba AE, Deplancke B, Huehn J. Postnatal expansion of mesenteric lymph node stromal cells towards reticular and CD34 + stromal cell subsets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7227. [PMID: 36433946 PMCID: PMC9700677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (LN) provide the framework to shape intestinal adaptive immune responses. Based on the transcriptional signatures established by our previous work, the composition and immunomodulatory function of LN stromal cells (SC) vary according to location. Here, we describe the single-cell composition and development of the SC compartment within mesenteric LNs derived from postnatal to aged mice. We identify CD34+ SC and fibroblastic reticular stromal cell (FRC) progenitors as putative progenitors, both supplying the typical rapid postnatal mesenteric LN expansion. We further establish the location-specific chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation landscape of non-endothelial SCs and identify a microbiota-independent core epigenomic signature, showing characteristic differences between SCs from mesenteric and skin-draining peripheral LNs. The epigenomic landscape of SCs points to dynamic expression of Irf3 along the differentiation trajectories of FRCs. Accordingly, a mesenchymal stem cell line acquires a Cxcl9+ FRC molecular phenotype upon lentiviral overexpression of Irf3, and the relevance of Irf3 for SC biology is further underscored by the diminished proportion of Ccl19+ and Cxcl9+ FRCs in LNs of Irf3-/- mice. Together, our data constitute a comprehensive transcriptional and epigenomic map of mesenteric LNSC development in early life and dissect location-specific, microbiota-independent properties of non-endothelial SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joern Pezoldt
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Wiechers
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mangge Zou
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria Litovchenko
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marjan Biocanin
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Beckstette
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.512472.7Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Genome Informatics Group, Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure, Department of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Sitnik
- grid.6583.80000 0000 9686 6466Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Palatella
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guido van Mierlo
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wanze Chen
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Floess
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria Ebel
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julie Russeil
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Panagiota Arampatzi
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ehsan Vafardanejad
- grid.498164.6Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- grid.498164.6Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bart Deplancke
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Huehn
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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17
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Liu P, Li Y, Wang W, Bai Y, Jia H, Yuan Z, Yang Z. Role and mechanisms of the NF-ĸB signaling pathway in various developmental processes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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18
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Yuan W, Song C. Crosstalk between bone and other organs. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:331-348. [PMID: 37724328 PMCID: PMC10471111 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone has long been considered as a silent organ that provides a reservoir of calcium and phosphorus, traditionally. Recently, further study of bone has revealed additional functions as an endocrine organ connecting systemic organs of the whole body. Communication between bone and other organs participates in most physiological and pathological events and is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we present an overview of the crosstalk between bone and other organs. Furthermore, we describe the factors mediating the crosstalk and review the mechanisms in the development of potential associated diseases. These connections shed new light on the pathogenesis of systemic diseases and provide novel potential targets for the treatment of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
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19
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Favaro RR, Phillips K, Delaunay-Danguy R, Ujčič K, Markert UR. Emerging Concepts in Innate Lymphoid Cells, Memory, and Reproduction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824263. [PMID: 35774779 PMCID: PMC9237338 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the innate immune system, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), encompass five major populations (Natural Killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer cells) whose functions include defense against pathogens, surveillance of tumorigenesis, and regulation of tissue homeostasis and remodeling. ILCs are present in the uterine environment of humans and mice and are dynamically regulated during the reproductive cycle and pregnancy. These cells have been repurposed to support pregnancy promoting maternal immune tolerance and placental development. To accomplish their tasks, immune cells employ several cellular and molecular mechanisms. They have the capacity to remember a previously encountered antigen and mount a more effective response to succeeding events. Memory responses are not an exclusive feature of the adaptive immune system, but also occur in innate immune cells. Innate immune memory has already been demonstrated in monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and ILCs. A population of decidual NK cells characterized by elevated expression of NKG2C and LILRB1 as well as a distinctive transcriptional and epigenetic profile was found to expand during subsequent pregnancies in humans. These cells secrete high amounts of interferon-γ and vascular endothelial growth factor likely favoring placentation. Similarly, uterine ILC1s in mice upregulate CXCR6 and expand in second pregnancies. These data provide evidence on the development of immunological memory of pregnancy. In this article, the characteristics, functions, and localization of ILCs are reviewed, emphasizing available data on the uterine environment. Following, the concept of innate immune memory and its mechanisms, which include epigenetic changes and metabolic rewiring, are presented. Finally, the emerging role of innate immune memory on reproduction is discussed. Advances in the comprehension of ILC functions and innate immune memory may contribute to uncovering the immunological mechanisms underlying female fertility/infertility, placental development, and distinct outcomes in second pregnancies related to higher birth weight and lower incidence of complications.
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20
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Dubreil L, Ledevin M, Hervet C, Menard D, Philippe C, Michel FJ, Larcher T, Meurens F, Bertho N. The Internal Conduit System of the Swine Inverted Lymph Node. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869384. [PMID: 35734172 PMCID: PMC9207403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LN) are the crossroad where naïve lymphocytes, peripheral antigens and antigen presenting cells contact together in order to mount an adaptive immune response. For this purpose, LN are highly organized convergent hubs of blood and lymphatic vessels that, in the case of B lymphocytes, lead to the B cell follicles. Herein take place the selection and maturation of B cell clones producing high affinity antibodies directed against various antigens. Whereas the knowledge on the murine and human LN distribution systems have reached an exquisite precision those last years, the organization of the antigens and cells circulation into the inverted porcine LN remains poorly described. Using up to date microscopy tools, we described the complex interconnections between afferent lymphatics and blood vessels, perifollicular macrophages, follicular B cells and efferent blood vessels. We observed that afferent lymphatic sinuses presented an asymmetric Lyve-1 expression similar to the one observed in murine LN, whereas specialized perifollicular sinuses connect the main afferent lymphatic sinus to the B cell follicles. Finally, whereas it was long though that mature B cells egress from the inverted LN in the T cell zone through HEV, our observations are in agreement with mature B cells accessing the efferent blood circulation in the efferent, subcapsular area. This understanding of the inverted porcine LN circuitry will allow a more accurate exploration of swine pathogens interactions with the immune cells inside the LN structures. Moreover, the mix between similarities and differences of porcine inverted LN circuitry with mouse and human normal LN shall enable to better apprehend the functions and malfunctions of normal LN from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claire Philippe
- APEX, PAnTher, INRAE, Oniris, Nantes, France
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - François Meurens
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, Nantes, France
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Bertho,
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21
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Intestinal fibroblastic reticular cell niches control innate lymphoid cell homeostasis and function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2027. [PMID: 35440118 PMCID: PMC9018819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) govern immune cell homeostasis in the intestine and protect the host against microbial pathogens. Various cell-intrinsic pathways have been identified that determine ILC development and differentiation. However, the cellular components that regulate ILC sustenance and function in the intestinal lamina propria are less known. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis of lamina propria fibroblasts, we identify fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that underpin cryptopatches (CPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). Genetic ablation of lymphotoxin-β receptor expression in Ccl19-expressing FRCs blocks the maturation of CPs into mature ILFs. Interactome analysis shows the major niche factors and processes underlying FRC-ILC crosstalk. In vivo validation confirms that a sustained lymphotoxin-driven feedforward loop of FRC activation including IL-7 generation is critical for the maintenance of functional ILC populations. In sum, our study indicates critical fibroblastic niches within the intestinal lamina propria that control ILC homeostasis and functionality and thereby secure protective gut immunity. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) support localisation of immune cells in secondary lymphoid tissues but less is known about the lamina propria. Here the authors use scRNA-seq and intestinal infection to characterise FRCs in the intestinal lamina propria and show specialised niches that foster innate lymphoid cells during homeostasis and infection.
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22
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Lenti E, Genovese L, Bianchessi S, Maurizio A, Sain SB, di Lillo A, Mattavelli G, Harel I, Bernassola F, Hehlgans T, Pfeffer K, Crosti M, Abrignani S, Evans SM, Sitia G, Guimarães-Camboa N, Russo V, van de Pavert SA, Garcia-Manteiga JM, Brendolan A. Fate mapping and scRNA sequencing reveal origin and diversity of lymph node stromal precursors. Immunity 2022; 55:606-622.e6. [PMID: 35358427 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) stromal cells play a crucial role in LN development and in supporting adaptive immune responses. However, their origin, differentiation pathways, and transcriptional programs are still elusive. Here, we used lineage-tracing approaches and single-cell transcriptome analyses to determine origin, transcriptional profile, and composition of LN stromal and endothelial progenitors. Our results showed that all major stromal cell subsets and a large proportion of blood endothelial cells originate from embryonic Hoxb6+ progenitors of the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), whereas lymphatic endothelial cells arise from Pax3+ progenitors of the paraxial mesoderm (PXM). Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the existence of different Cd34+ and Cxcl13+ stromal cell subsets and showed that embryonic LNs contain proliferating progenitors possibly representing the amplifying populations for terminally differentiated cells. Taken together, our work identifies the earliest embryonic sources of LN stromal and endothelial cells and demonstrates that stromal diversity begins already during LN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lenti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Genovese
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bianchessi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Maurizio
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Baghai Sain
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia di Lillo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Mattavelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Itamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Leibniz Institute of Immunotherapy (LIT), Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical, Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Science and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nuno Guimarães-Camboa
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin (partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main), Germany
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serge A van de Pavert
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Andrea Brendolan
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Interleukin-17 promotes osteoclastogenesis and periodontal damage via autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108631. [PMID: 35219162 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because of its potent pro-inflammatory properties, interleukin-17 (IL-17) contributes to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. This study explored the effects of IL-17 on osteoclastogenesis in an osteoclast monoculture and osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture system, as tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between osteoclastogenesis and autophagy. METHODS Various ratios of calvarial osteoblasts (OB) and osteoclast precursor cells (mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7, hereinafter referred to as OC) were tested. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to detect the optimum osteoblasts:osteoclasts ratio. IL-17 was added to the co-culture system to test its effects on multinucleated osteoclast formation and osteoclast-related proteins. We assessed the effects of IL-17 on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblasts, and determined if IL-17 alone could modulate osteoclast formation in an osteoclast monoculture. Administration of exogenous RANKL combined with IL-17 was employed to stimulate RAW264.7 cells osteoclastogenesis and to determine production of osteoclasts and autophagy-related proteins. We knocked down Beclin1 expression in RAW264.7 cells and examined the expression of autophagy-related and osteoclast-related proteins in RAW264.7 cells and the co-culture system, and the TAK1-binding protein 3 (TAB3)/ extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. RESULTS A ratio of 20 OB : 1 OC yielded the highest rate of osteoclast formation. Low IL-17 concentrations increased osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures significantly, but high levels of IL-17 had the opposite effect. IL-17 alone could not induce formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells in RAW264.7 cells. Low IL-17 concentrations promoted osteoclast differentiation and autophagy in RAW264.7 cells induced by exogenous RANKL, but high IL-17 concentrations inhibited this process. Knockdown of Beclin1 reversed the enhanced effects of 0.1 ng/mL IL-17 on osteoclastogenesis and autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. The TAB3/ERK pathway was also blocked after autophagy inhibition. CONCLUSION In the co-culture model used in this study, a ratio of 20 OB:1 OC proved to be the optimal ratio to facilitate osteoclast formation. IL-17 regulated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via autophagy. The Beclin1/TAB3/ERK pathway was involved in osteoclast autophagy.
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24
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El Amm C, Silva-Palacios F, Geng X, Srinivasan RS. Lymphatic vascular anomalies and dysfunction. THE VASCULOME 2022:301-310. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822546-2.00025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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25
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Makris S, de Winde CM, Horsnell HL, Cantoral-Rebordinos JA, Finlay RE, Acton SE. Immune function and dysfunction are determined by lymphoid tissue efficacy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049256. [PMID: 35072206 PMCID: PMC8807573 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid tissue returns to a steady state once each immune response is resolved, and although this occurs multiple times throughout life, its structural integrity and functionality remain unaffected. Stromal cells orchestrate cellular interactions within lymphoid tissue, and any changes to the microenvironment can have detrimental outcomes and drive disease. A breakdown in lymphoid tissue homeostasis can lead to a loss of tissue structure and function that can cause aberrant immune responses. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of lymphoid tissue function and remodelling in adaptive immunity and in disease states. We discuss the functional role of lymphoid tissue in disease progression and explore the changes to lymphoid tissue structure and function driven by infection, chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer. Understanding the role of lymphoid tissues in immune responses to a wide range of pathologies allows us to take a fuller systemic view of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Makris
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte M. de Winde
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry L. Horsnell
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jesús A. Cantoral-Rebordinos
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rachel E. Finlay
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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26
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Onder L, Cheng HW, Ludewig B. Visualization and functional characterization of lymphoid organ fibroblasts. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:108-122. [PMID: 34866192 PMCID: PMC9300201 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are specialized stromal cells of lymphoid organs that generate the structural foundation of the tissue and actively interact with immune cells. Distinct FRC subsets position lymphocytes and myeloid cells in specialized niches where they present processed or native antigen and provide essential growth factors and cytokines for immune cell activation and differentiation. Niche‐specific functions of FRC subpopulations have been defined using genetic targeting, high‐dimensional transcriptomic analyses, and advanced imaging methods. Here, we review recent findings on FRC‐immune cell interaction and the elaboration of FRC development and differentiation. We discuss how imaging approaches have not only shaped our understanding of FRC biology, but have critically advanced the niche concept of immune cell maintenance and control of immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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27
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Lymph node formation and B cell homeostasis require IKK-α in distinct endothelial cell-derived compartments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100195118. [PMID: 34810256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100195118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global inactivation of IκB kinase (IKK)-α results in defective lymph node (LN) formation and B cell maturation, and loss of IKK-α-dependent noncanonical NF-κB signaling in stromal organizer and hematopoietic cells is thought to underlie these distinct defects. We previously demonstrated that this pathway is also activated in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). To determine the physiologic function of EC-intrinsic IKK-α, we crossed IkkαF/F mice with Tie2-cre or Cdh5-cre mice to ablate IKK-α in ECs. Notably, the compound defects of global IKK-α inactivation were recapitulated in IkkαTie2 and IkkαCdh5 mice, as both lacked all LNs and mature follicular and marginal zone B cell numbers were markedly reduced. However, as Tie2-cre and Cdh5-cre are expressed in all ECs, including blood forming hemogenic ECs, IKK-α was also absent in hematopoietic cells (HC). To determine if loss of HC-intrinsic IKK-α affected LN development, we generated IkkαVav mice lacking IKK-α in only the hematopoietic compartment. While mature B cell numbers were significantly reduced in IkkαVav mice, LN formation was intact. As lymphatic vessels also arise during development from blood ECs, we generated IkkαLyve1 mice lacking IKK-α in lymphatic ECs (LECs) to determine if IKK-α in lymphatic vessels impacts LN development. Strikingly, while mature B cell numbers were normal, LNs were completely absent in IkkαLyve1 mice. Thus, our findings reveal that IKK-α in distinct EC-derived compartments is uniquely required to promote B cell homeostasis and LN development, and we establish that LEC-intrinsic IKK-α is absolutely essential for LN formation.
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28
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Cakala-Jakimowicz M, Kolodziej-Wojnar P, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113148. [PMID: 34831371 PMCID: PMC8621398 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging affects all tissues and organs. Aging of the immune system results in the severe disruption of its functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections, an increase in autoimmune disorders and cancer incidence, and a decreased response to vaccines. Lymph nodes are precisely organized structures of the peripheral lymphoid organs and are the key sites coordinating innate and long-term adaptive immune responses to external antigens and vaccines. They are also involved in immune tolerance. The aging of lymph nodes results in decreased cell transport to and within the nodes, a disturbance in the structure and organization of nodal zones, incorrect location of individual immune cell types and impaired intercellular interactions, as well as changes in the production of adequate amounts of chemokines and cytokines necessary for immune cell proliferation, survival and function, impaired naïve T- and B-cell homeostasis, and a diminished long-term humoral response. Understanding the causes of these stromal and lymphoid microenvironment changes in the lymph nodes that cause the aging-related dysfunction of the immune system can help to improve long-term immune responses and the effectiveness of vaccines in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cakala-Jakimowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Paulina Kolodziej-Wojnar
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
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29
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Koning JJ, Rajaraman A, Reijmers RM, Konijn T, Pan J, Ware CF, Butcher EC, Mebius RE. Development of follicular dendritic cells in lymph nodes depends on retinoic acid-mediated signaling. Development 2021; 148:dev199713. [PMID: 34528674 PMCID: PMC8572003 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Specialized stromal cells occupy and help define B- and T-cell domains, which are crucial for proper functioning of our immune system. Signaling through lymphotoxin and TNF receptors is crucial for the development of different stromal subsets, which are thought to arise from a common precursor. However, mechanisms that control the selective generation of the different stromal phenotypes are not known. Using in vitro cultures of embryonic mouse stromal cells, we show that retinoic acid-mediated signaling is important for the differentiation of precursors towards the Cxcl13pos follicular dendritic cell (FDC) lineage, and also blocks lymphotoxin-mediated Ccl19pos fibroblastic reticular cell lineage differentiation. Accordingly, at the day of birth we observe the presence of Cxcl13posCcl19neg/low and Cxcl13neg/lowCcl19pos cells within neonatal lymph nodes. Furthermore, ablation of retinoic acid receptor signaling in stromal precursors early after birth reduces Cxcl13 expression, and complete blockade of retinoic acid signaling prevents the formation of FDC networks in lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper J. Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anusha Rajaraman
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rogier M. Reijmers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja Konijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Junliang Pan
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Carl F. Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eugene C. Butcher
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Reina E. Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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30
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Hsu AT, Gottschalk TA, Tsantikos E, Hibbs ML. The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733324. [PMID: 34630416 PMCID: PMC8492945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is a vital mucosal organ that is constantly exposed to the external environment, and as such, its defenses are continuously under threat. The pulmonary immune system has evolved to sense and respond to these danger signals while remaining silent to innocuous aeroantigens. The origin of the defense system is the respiratory epithelium, which responds rapidly to insults by the production of an array of mediators that initiate protection by directly killing microbes, activating tissue-resident immune cells and recruiting leukocytes from the blood. At the steady-state, the lung comprises a large collection of leukocytes, amongst which are specialized cells of lymphoid origin known as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are divided into three major helper-like subsets, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, which are considered the innate counterparts of type 1, 2 and 17 T helper cells, respectively, in addition to natural killer cells and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. Although ILCs represent a small fraction of the pulmonary immune system, they play an important role in early responses to pathogens and facilitate the acquisition of adaptive immunity. However, it is now also emerging that these cells are active participants in the development of chronic lung diseases. In this mini-review, we provide an update on our current understanding of the role of ILCs and their regulation in the lung. We summarise how these cells and their mediators initiate, sustain and potentially control pulmonary inflammation, and their contribution to the respiratory diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T Hsu
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy A Gottschalk
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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31
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Stehle C, Rückert T, Fiancette R, Gajdasik DW, Willis C, Ulbricht C, Durek P, Mashreghi MF, Finke D, Hauser AE, Withers DR, Chang HD, Zimmermann J, Romagnani C. T-bet and RORα control lymph node formation by regulating embryonic innate lymphoid cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1231-1244. [PMID: 34556887 PMCID: PMC7614953 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The generation of lymphoid tissues during embryogenesis relies on group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) displaying lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) activity and expressing the master transcription factor RORγt. Accordingly, RORγt-deficient mice lack ILC3 and lymphoid structures, including lymph nodes (LN). Whereas T-bet affects differentiation and functions of ILC3 postnatally, the role of T-bet in regulating fetal ILC3 and LN formation remains completely unknown. Using multiple mouse models and single-cell analyses of fetal ILCs and ILC progenitors (ILCP), here we identify a key role for T-bet during embryogenesis and show that its deficiency rescues LN formation in RORγt-deficient mice. Mechanistically, T-bet deletion skews the differentiation fate of fetal ILCs and promotes the accumulation of PLZFhi ILCP expressing central LTi molecules in a RORα-dependent fashion. Our data unveil an unexpected role for T-bet and RORα during embryonic ILC function and highlight that RORγt is crucial in counteracting the suppressive effects of T-bet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stehle
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Rückert
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rémi Fiancette
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dominika W Gajdasik
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Willis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carolin Ulbricht
- Immune Dynamics, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Finke
- Department of Biomedicine and University Children's Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Erika Hauser
- Immune Dynamics, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Schwiete Laboratory for Microbiota and Inflammation, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cytometry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Zimmermann
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany.
- Leibniz-Science Campus Chronic Inflammation, Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Cosgrove J, Alden K, Stein JV, Coles MC, Timmis J. Simulating CXCR5 Dynamics in Complex Tissue Microenvironments. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703088. [PMID: 34557191 PMCID: PMC8452942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To effectively navigate complex tissue microenvironments, immune cells sense molecular concentration gradients using G-protein coupled receptors. However, due to the complexity of receptor activity, and the multimodal nature of chemokine gradients in vivo, chemokine receptor activity in situ is poorly understood. To address this issue, we apply a modelling and simulation approach that permits analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of CXCR5 expression within an in silico B-follicle with single-cell resolution. Using this approach, we show that that in silico B-cell scanning is robust to changes in receptor numbers and changes in individual kinetic rates of receptor activity, but sensitive to global perturbations where multiple parameters are altered simultaneously. Through multi-objective optimization analysis we find that the rapid modulation of CXCR5 activity through receptor binding, desensitization and recycling is required for optimal antigen scanning rates. From these analyses we predict that chemokine receptor signaling dynamics regulate migration in complex tissue microenvironments to a greater extent than the total numbers of receptors on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Cosgrove
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Kieran Alden
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mark C Coles
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Timmis
- School of Computer Science, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
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33
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Bainter W, Lougaris V, Wallace JG, Badran Y, Hoyos-Bachiloglu R, Peters Z, Wilkie H, Das M, Janssen E, Beano A, Farhat KB, Kam C, Bercich L, Incardona P, Villanacci V, Bondioni MP, Meini A, Baronio M, Abarzua P, Parolini S, Tabellini G, Maio S, Schmidt B, Goldsmith JD, Murphy G, Hollander G, Plebani A, Chou J, Geha RS. Combined immunodeficiency with autoimmunity caused by a homozygous missense mutation in inhibitor of nuclear factor 𝛋B kinase alpha (IKKα). Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabf6723. [PMID: 34533979 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf6723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Bainter
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Pediatrics Clinic, Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jacqueline G Wallace
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yousef Badran
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zachary Peters
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hazel Wilkie
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdallah Beano
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Khaoula Ben Farhat
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christy Kam
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luisa Bercich
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Incardona
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Villanacci
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Bondioni
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Meini
- Pediatrics Clinic, Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuela Baronio
- Pediatrics Clinic, Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Phammela Abarzua
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Parolini
- Pediatrics Clinic, Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tabellini
- Pediatrics Clinic, Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Maio
- Department of Paediatrics, the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Birgitta Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Goldsmith
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg Hollander
- Department of Paediatrics, the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Paediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Pediatrics Clinic, Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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34
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Acton SE, Onder L, Novkovic M, Martinez VG, Ludewig B. Communication, construction, and fluid control: lymphoid organ fibroblastic reticular cell and conduit networks. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:782-794. [PMID: 34362676 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are a crucial part of the stromal cell infrastructure of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Lymphoid organ fibroblasts form specialized niches for immune cell interactions and thereby govern lymphocyte activation and differentiation. Moreover, FRCs produce and ensheath a network of extracellular matrix (ECM) microfibers called the conduit system. FRC-generated conduits contribute to fluid and immune cell control by funneling fluids containing antigens and inflammatory mediators through the SLOs. We review recent progress in FRC biology that has advanced our understanding of immune cell functions and interactions. We discuss the intricate relationships between the cellular FRC and the fibrillar conduit networks, which together form the basis for efficient communication between immune cells and the tissues they survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Victor G Martinez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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35
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Ring SS, Cupovic J, Onder L, Lütge M, Perez-Shibayama C, Gil-Cruz C, Scandella E, De Martin A, Mörbe U, Hartmann F, Wenger R, Spiegl M, Besse A, Bonilla WV, Stemeseder F, Schmidt S, Orlinger KK, Krebs P, Ludewig B, Flatz L. Viral vector-mediated reprogramming of the fibroblastic tumor stroma sustains curative melanoma treatment. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4734. [PMID: 34354077 PMCID: PMC8342618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex amalgam of tumor cells, immune cells, endothelial cells and fibroblastic stromal cells (FSC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts are generally seen as tumor-promoting entity. However, it is conceivable that particular FSC populations within the TME contribute to immune-mediated tumor control. Here, we show that intratumoral treatment of mice with a recombinant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-based vaccine vector expressing a melanocyte differentiation antigen resulted in T cell-dependent long-term control of melanomas. Using single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we demonstrate that viral vector-mediated transduction reprogrammed and activated a Cxcl13-expressing FSC subset that show a pronounced immunostimulatory signature and increased expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-33. Ablation of Il33 gene expression in Cxcl13-Cre-positive FSCs reduces the functionality of intratumoral T cells and unleashes tumor growth. Thus, reprogramming of FSCs by a self-antigen-expressing viral vector in the TME is critical for curative melanoma treatment by locally sustaining the activity of tumor-specific T cells. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-based viral vectors have been shown to induce potent antitumor immune responses. Here the authors show that a LCMV-based vaccine vector remodels the tumor-associated fibroblastic stroma, sustaining CD8+ T cell activation and reducing tumor growth in a preclinical model of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Ring
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.,Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elke Scandella
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mörbe
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Robert Wenger
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Spiegl
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Besse
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Weldy V Bonilla
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland. .,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland. .,Department of Dermatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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36
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Shou Y, Koroleva E, Spencer CM, Shein SA, Korchagina AA, Yusoof KA, Parthasarathy R, Leadbetter EA, Akopian AN, Muñoz AR, Tumanov AV. Redefining the Role of Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor in the Maintenance of Lymphoid Organs and Immune Cell Homeostasis in Adulthood. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712632. [PMID: 34335629 PMCID: PMC8320848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) is a promising therapeutic target in autoimmune and infectious diseases as well as cancer. Mice with genetic inactivation of LTβR display multiple defects in development and organization of lymphoid organs, mucosal immune responses, IgA production and an autoimmune phenotype. As these defects are imprinted in embryogenesis and neonate stages, the impact of LTβR signaling in adulthood remains unclear. Here, to overcome developmental defects, we generated mice with inducible ubiquitous genetic inactivation of LTβR in adult mice (iLTβRΔ/Δ mice) and redefined the role of LTβR signaling in organization of lymphoid organs, immune response to mucosal bacterial pathogen, IgA production and autoimmunity. In spleen, postnatal LTβR signaling is required for development of B cell follicles, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), recruitment of neutrophils and maintenance of the marginal zone. Lymph nodes of iLTβRΔ/Δ mice were reduced in size, lacked FDCs, and had disorganized subcapsular sinus macrophages. Peyer`s patches were smaller in size and numbers, and displayed reduced FDCs. The number of isolated lymphoid follicles in small intestine and colon were also reduced. In contrast to LTβR-/- mice, iLTβRΔ/Δ mice displayed normal thymus structure and did not develop signs of systemic inflammation and autoimmunity. Further, our results suggest that LTβR signaling in adulthood is required for homeostasis of neutrophils, NK, and iNKT cells, but is dispensable for the maintenance of polyclonal IgA production. However, iLTβRΔ/Δ mice exhibited an increased sensitivity to C. rodentium infection and failed to develop pathogen-specific IgA responses. Collectively, our study uncovers new insights of LTβR signaling in adulthood for the maintenance of lymphoid organs, neutrophils, NK and iNKT cells, and IgA production in response to mucosal bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Shou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States,Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Sergey A. Shein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anna A. Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kizil A. Yusoof
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Raksha Parthasarathy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Leadbetter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Armen N. Akopian
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Amanda R. Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alexei V. Tumanov,
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37
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Gillot L, Baudin L, Rouaud L, Kridelka F, Noël A. The pre-metastatic niche in lymph nodes: formation and characteristics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5987-6002. [PMID: 34241649 PMCID: PMC8316194 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is a crucial prognostic parameter in many different types of cancers and a gateway for further dissemination to distant organs. Prior to metastatic dissemination, the primary tumor prepares for the remodeling of the draining (sentinel) lymph node by secreting soluble factors or releasing extracellular vesicles that are transported by lymphatic vessels. These important changes occur before the appearance of the first metastatic cell and create what is known as a pre-metastatic niche giving rise to the subsequent survival and growth of metastatic cells. In this review, the lymph node structure, matrix composition and the emerging heterogeneity of cells forming it are described. Current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular processes associated with nodal pre-metastatic niche formation, including lymphangiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immunosuppressive cell enlisting in lymph nodes are additionally summarized. Finally, future directions that research could possibly take and the clinical impact are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Gillot
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Louis Baudin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Loïc Rouaud
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kridelka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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38
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Lütge M, Pikor NB, Ludewig B. Differentiation and activation of fibroblastic reticular cells. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:32-46. [PMID: 34046914 PMCID: PMC8361914 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) are underpinned by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) that form dedicated microenvironmental niches to secure induction and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Distinct FRC subsets are strategically positioned in SLOs to provide niche factors and govern efficient immune cell interaction. In recent years, the use of specialized mouse models in combination with single-cell transcriptomics has facilitated the elaboration of the molecular FRC landscape at an unprecedented resolution. While single-cell RNA-sequencing has advanced the resolution of FRC subset characterization and function, the high dimensionality of the generated data necessitates careful analysis and validation. Here, we reviewed novel findings from high-resolution transcriptomic analyses that refine our understanding of FRC differentiation and activation processes in the context of infection and inflammation. We further discuss concepts, strategies, and limitations for the analysis of single-cell transcriptome data from FRCs and the wide-ranging implications for our understanding of stromal cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Natalia B Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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39
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Johansson-Percival A, Ganss R. Therapeutic Induction of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer Through Stromal Remodeling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674375. [PMID: 34122434 PMCID: PMC8191417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the effectiveness of anti-cancer immunotherapy remains a major clinical challenge. Cytotoxic T cell infiltration is crucial for immune-mediated tumor rejection, however, the suppressive tumor microenvironment impedes their recruitment, activation, maturation and function. Nevertheless, solid tumors can harbor specialized lymph node vasculature and immune cell clusters that are organized into tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). These TLS support naïve T cell infiltration and intratumoral priming. In many human cancers, their presence is a positive prognostic factor, and importantly, predictive for responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade. Thus, therapeutic induction of TLS is an attractive concept to boost anti-cancer immunotherapy. However, our understanding of how cancer-associated TLS could be initiated is rudimentary. Exciting new reagents which induce TLS in preclinical cancer models provide mechanistic insights into the exquisite stromal orchestration of TLS formation, a process often associated with a more functional or "normalized" tumor vasculature and fueled by LIGHT/LTα/LTβ, TNFα and CC/CXC chemokine signaling. These emerging insights provide innovative opportunities to induce and shape TLS in the tumor microenvironment to improve immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johansson-Percival
- Cancer Microenvironment Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Cancer Microenvironment Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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40
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Cinti I, Denton AE. Lymphoid stromal cells-more than just a highway to humoral immunity. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab011. [PMID: 36845565 PMCID: PMC9914513 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of high-affinity long-lived antibody responses is dependent on the differentiation of plasma cells and memory B cells, which are themselves the product of the germinal centre (GC) response. The GC forms in secondary lymphoid organs in response to antigenic stimulation and is dependent on the coordinated interactions between many types of leucocytes. These leucocytes are brought together on an interconnected network of specialized lymphoid stromal cells, which provide physical and chemical guidance to immune cells that are essential for the GC response. In this review we will highlight recent advancements in lymphoid stromal cell immunobiology and their role in regulating the GC, and discuss the contribution of lymphoid stromal cells to age-associated immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Cinti
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alice E Denton
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London W12 0NN, UK,Correspondence address. Alice E. Denton, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK. Tel:+44 (0)20 3313 8213. E-mail:
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41
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das Neves SP, Delivanoglou N, Da Mesquita S. CNS-Draining Meningeal Lymphatic Vasculature: Roles, Conundrums and Future Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655052. [PMID: 33995074 PMCID: PMC8113819 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A genuine and functional lymphatic vascular system is found in the meninges that sheath the central nervous system (CNS). This unexpected (re)discovery led to a reevaluation of CNS fluid and solute drainage mechanisms, neuroimmune interactions and the involvement of meningeal lymphatics in the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the development, morphology and unique functional features of meningeal lymphatics. An outline of the different factors that affect meningeal lymphatic function, such as growth factor signaling and aging, and their impact on the continuous drainage of brain-derived molecules and meningeal immune cells into the cervical lymph nodes is also provided. We also highlight the most recent discoveries about the roles of the CNS-draining lymphatic vasculature in different pathologies that have a strong neuroinflammatory component, including brain trauma, tumors, and aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Lastly, we provide a critical appraisal of the conundrums, challenges and exciting questions involving the meningeal lymphatic system that ought to be investigated in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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42
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van de Pavert SA. Lymphoid Tissue inducer (LTi) cell ontogeny and functioning in embryo and adult. Biomed J 2021; 44:123-132. [PMID: 33849806 PMCID: PMC8178546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC) are involved in homeostasis and immunity. Their dynamic differentiation and characterization depend on their tissue of residency and is adapted to their role within these tissues. Lymphoid Tissue inducer (LTi) cells are an ILC member and essential for embryonic lymph node (LN) formation. LNs are formed at pre-defined and strategic positions throughout the body and how LTi cells are initially attracted towards these areas is under debate. Besides their role in LN formation, LTi-like and the closely related ILC type 3 (ILC3) cells have been observed within the embryonic gut. New studies have now shown more information on their origin and differentiation within the embryo. This review will evaluate the embryonic LTi cell origin from a specific embryonic hemogenic wave, which has recently been described in mouse. Moreover, I will discuss their differentiation and similarities with the closely related ILC3 cells in embryo and adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A van de Pavert
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France.
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43
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Prados A, Onder L, Cheng HW, Mörbe U, Lütge M, Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, Koliaraki V, Ludewig B, Kollias G. Fibroblastic reticular cell lineage convergence in Peyer's patches governs intestinal immunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:510-519. [PMID: 33707780 PMCID: PMC7610542 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) determine the organization of lymphoid organs and control immune cell interactions. While the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying FRC differentiation in lymph nodes and the splenic white pulp have been elaborated to some extent, in Peyer's patches (PPs) they remain elusive. Using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics and cell fate mapping in advanced mouse models, we found that PP formation in the mouse embryo is initiated by an expansion of perivascular FRC precursors, followed by FRC differentiation from subepithelial progenitors. Single-cell transcriptomics and cell fate mapping confirmed the convergence of perivascular and subepithelial FRC lineages. Furthermore, lineage-specific loss- and gain-of-function approaches revealed that the two FRC lineages synergistically direct PP organization, maintain intestinal microbiome homeostasis and control anticoronavirus immune responses in the gut. Collectively, this study reveals a distinct mosaic patterning program that generates key stromal cell infrastructures for the control of intestinal immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Communication
- Cell Lineage
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/metabolism
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/virology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Intestine, Small/virology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Murine hepatitis virus/immunology
- Murine hepatitis virus/pathogenicity
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- Peyer's Patches/metabolism
- Peyer's Patches/microbiology
- Peyer's Patches/virology
- Phenotype
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Prados
- Institute for Bioinnovation, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mörbe
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece.
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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44
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Novkovic M, Onder L, Bocharov G, Ludewig B. Topological Structure and Robustness of the Lymph Node Conduit System. Cell Rep 2021; 30:893-904.e6. [PMID: 31968261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) form a road-like cellular network in lymph nodes (LNs) that provides essential chemotactic, survival, and regulatory signals for immune cells. While the topological characteristics of the FRC network have been elaborated, the network properties of the micro-tubular conduit system generated by FRCs, which drains lymph fluid through a pipeline-like system to distribute small molecules and antigens, has remained unexplored. Here, we quantify the crucial 3D morphometric parameters and determine the topological properties governing the structural organization of the intertwined networks. We find that the conduit system exhibits lesser small-worldness and lower resilience to perturbation compared to the FRC network, while the robust topological organization of both networks is maintained in a lymphotoxin-β-receptor-independent manner. Overall, the high-resolution topological analysis of the "roads-and-pipes" networks highlights essential parameters underlying the functional organization of LN micro-environments and will, hence, advance the development of multi-scale LN models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Gennady Bocharov
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia; Institute for Personalized Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland.
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45
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Corradetti B, Dogra P, Pisano S, Wang Z, Ferrari M, Chen SH, Sidman RL, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Cristini V. Amphibian regeneration and mammalian cancer: Similarities and contrasts from an evolutionary biology perspective: Comparing the regenerative potential of mammalian embryos and urodeles to develop effective strategies against human cancer. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000339. [PMID: 33751590 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here we review and discuss the link between regeneration capacity and tumor suppression comparing mammals (embryos versus adults) with highly regenerative vertebrates. Similar to mammal embryo morphogenesis, in amphibians (essentially newts and salamanders) the reparative process relies on a precise molecular and cellular machinery capable of sensing abnormal signals and actively reprograming or eliminating them. As the embryo's evil twin, tumor also retains common functional attributes. The immune system plays a pivotal role in maintaining a physiological balance to provide surveillance against tumor initiation or to support its initiation and progression. We speculate that susceptibility to cancer development in adult mammals may be determined by the loss of an advanced regenerative capability during evolution and believe that gaining mechanistic insights into how regenerative capacity linked to tumor suppression is postnatally lost in mammals might illuminate an as yet unrecognized route to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Corradetti
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 8446 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.,Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Prashant Dogra
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Simone Pisano
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard L Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vittorio Cristini
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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González-Loyola A, Petrova TV. Development and aging of the lymphatic vascular system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 169:63-78. [PMID: 33316347 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature has a pivotal role in regulating body fluid homeostasis, immune surveillance and dietary fat absorption. The increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies in the last decades has shed light on the processes of lymphatic vascular development and function. Here, we will discuss the current progress in lymphatic vascular biology such as the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic vascular maturation and maintenance and the emerging mechanisms of lymphatic vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra González-Loyola
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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47
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Deng Y, Chen H, Zeng Y, Wang K, Zhang H, Hu H. Leaving no one behind: tracing every human thymocyte by single-cell RNA-sequencing. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:29-43. [PMID: 33449155 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is the primary organ for T-cell development, providing an essential microenvironment consisting of the appropriate cytokine milieu and specialized stromal cells. Thymus-seeding progenitors from circulation immigrate into the thymus and undergo the stepwise T-cell specification, commitment, and selection processes. The transcriptional factors, epigenetic regulators, and signaling pathways involved in the T-cell development have been intensively studied using mouse models. Despite our growing knowledge of T-cell development, major questions remain unanswered regarding the ontogeny and early events of T-cell development at the fetal stage, especially in humans. The recently developed single-cell RNA-sequencing technique provides an ideal tool to investigate the heterogeneity of T-cell precursors and the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergent fates of certain T-cell precursors at the single-cell level. In this review, we aim to summarize the current progress of the study on human thymus organogenesis and thymocyte and thymic epithelial cell development, which is to shed new lights on developing novel strategies for in vitro T-cell regeneration and thymus rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Keyue Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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48
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Pikor NB, Cheng HW, Onder L, Ludewig B. Development and Immunological Function of Lymph Node Stromal Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:257-263. [PMID: 33397739 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stromal cells have for a long time been viewed as structural cells that support distinct compartments within lymphoid tissues and little more. Instead, an active cross-talk between endothelial and fibroblastic stromal cells drives the maturation of lymphoid niches, a relationship that is recapitulated during lymph node organogenesis, steady-state conditions, and following inflammation. In this review, we go over recent advances in genetic models and high-resolution transcriptomic analyses that have propelled the finer resolution of the stromal cell infrastructure of lymph nodes, revealing that the distinct subsets are strategically positioned to deliver a catered mixture of niche factors to interacting immune cell populations. Moreover, we discuss how changes in the activation state of poised stromal cell-underpinned niches rather than on-demand differentiation of new stromal cell subsets govern the efficient interaction of Ag, APC, and cognate B and T lymphocytes during adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Barbara Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; and
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; and
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; and
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; and .,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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Walsh MC, Choi Y. Regulation of T cell-associated tissues and T cell activation by RANKL-RANK-OPG. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:54-63. [PMID: 33438173 PMCID: PMC8670018 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-RANK-osteoprotegerin (OPG) system is critical to bone homeostasis, but genetically deficient mouse models have revealed important roles in the immune system as well. RANKL-RANK-OPG is particularly important to T cell biology because of its organogenic control of thymic development and secondary lymphoid tissues influence central T cell tolerance and peripheral T cell function. RANKL-RANK-OPG cytokine-receptor interactions are often controlled by regulation of expression of RANKL on developing T cells, which interacts with RANK expressed on some lymphoid tissue cells to stimulate key downstream signaling pathways that affect critical tuning functions of the T cell compartment, like cell survival and antigen presentation. Activation of peripheral T cells is regulated by RANKL-enhanced dendritic cell survival, and dysregulation of the RANKL-RANK-OPG system in this context is associated with loss of T cell tolerance and autoimmune disease. Given its broader implications for immune homeostasis and osteoimmunology, it is critical to further understand how the RANKL-RANK-OPG system operates in T cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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50
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Dyavar SR, Gautam N, Podany AT, Winchester LC, Weinhold JA, Mykris TM, Campbell KM, Alnouti Y, Fletcher CV. Assessing the lymphoid tissue bioavailability of antiretrovirals in human primary lymphoid endothelial cells and in mice. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2974-2978. [PMID: 31335938 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secondary lymphoid tissues (LTs), lymph nodes (LNs) and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) are considered reservoirs for HIV. Antiretrovirals (ARVs) have lower penetration into LT. In vitro models predictive of ARV LT penetration have not been established. OBJECTIVES To develop an in vitro model of LT bioavailability using human lymphoid endothelial cells (HLECs) and investigate its predictability with in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in mice. METHODS ARV bioavailability in HLECs was evaluated at the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) observed in HIV-infected patients. ARVs were: abacavir, atazanavir, darunavir, dolutegravir, efavirenz, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, maraviroc, raltegravir, rilpivirine, ritonavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and the PK booster cobicistat. The LT PK of representative drugs showing high (efavirenz), intermediate (dolutegravir) and low (emtricitabine) HLEC bioavailability was investigated in BALB/c mice given 50/10/30 mg/kg efavirenz/dolutegravir/emtricitabine orally, daily for 3 days. The concordance of in vitro and in vivo ARV bioavailability was examined. RESULTS ARVs showed high (>67th percentile; rilpivirine, efavirenz, elvitegravir and cobicistat), intermediate (67th-33rd percentile; ritonavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, dolutegravir and maraviroc) and low (<33rd percentile; atazanavir, darunavir, raltegravir, emtricitabine and abacavir) HLEC bioavailability. The hierarchy of efavirenz, dolutegravir and emtricitabine bioavailability in LN, gut and brain tissues of mice was: efavirenz>dolutegravir>emtricitabine. CONCLUSIONS ARVs displayed distinct HLEC penetration patterns. PK studies of representative ARVs in LT of mice were concordant with HLEC bioavailability. These findings support further development of this approach and its translational predictability in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shetty Ravi Dyavar
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anthony T Podany
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lee C Winchester
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jonathan A Weinhold
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy M Mykris
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kayla M Campbell
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Courtney V Fletcher
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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