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Kokot H, Kokot B, Pišlar A, Esih H, Gabrič A, Urbančič D, El R, Urbančič I, Pajk S. Amphiphilic coumarin-based probes for live-cell STED nanoscopy of plasma membrane. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107554. [PMID: 38878753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membranes are vital biological structures, serving as protective barriers and participating in various cellular processes. In the field of super-resolution optical microscopy, stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy has emerged as a powerful method for investigating plasma membrane-related phenomena. However, many applications of STED microscopy are critically restricted by the limited availability of suitable fluorescent probes. This paper reports on the development of two amphiphilic membrane probes, SHE-2H and SHE-2N, specially designed for STED nanoscopy. SHE-2N, in particular, demonstrates quick and stable plasma membrane labelling with negligible intracellular redistribution. Both probes exhibit outstanding photostability and resolution improvement in STED nanoscopy, and are also suited for two-photon excitation microscopy. Furthermore, microscopy experiments and cytotoxicity tests revealed no noticeable cytotoxicity of probe SHE-2N at concentration used for fluorescence imaging. Spectral analysis and fluorescence lifetime measurements conducted on probe SHE-2N using giant unilamellar vesicles, revealed that emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes exhibited minimal sensitivity to lipid composition variations. These novel probes significantly augment the arsenal of tools available for high-resolution plasma membrane research, enabling a more profound exploration of cellular processes and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kokot
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Kokot
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hana Esih
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alen Gabrič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dunja Urbančič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rojbin El
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stane Pajk
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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2
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Shim G, Youn YS. Precise subcellular targeting approaches for organelle-related disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 212:115411. [PMID: 39032657 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological research has expanded to the nanoscale level with advanced imaging technologies, enabling the analysis of drug distribution at the cellular organelle level. These advances in research techniques have contributed to the targeting of cellular organelles to address the fundamental causes of diseases. Beyond navigating the hurdles of reaching lesion tissues upon administration and identifying target cells within these tissues, controlling drug accumulation at the organelle level is the most refined method of disease management. This approach opens new avenues for the development of more potent therapeutic strategies by delving into the intricate roles and interplay of cellular organelles. Thus, organelle-targeted approaches help overcome the limitations of conventional therapies by precisely regulating functionally compartmentalized spaces based on their environment. This review discusses the basic concepts of organelle targeting research and proposes strategies to target diseases arising from organelle dysfunction. We also address the current challenges faced by organelle targeting and explore future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayong Shim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science and Integrative Institute of Basic Sciences, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Stern MA, Dingledine R, Gross RE, Berglund K. Epilepsy insights revealed by intravital functional optical imaging. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1465232. [PMID: 39268067 PMCID: PMC11390408 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1465232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite an abundance of pharmacologic and surgical epilepsy treatments, there remain millions of patients suffering from poorly controlled seizures. One approach to closing this treatment gap may be found through a deeper mechanistic understanding of the network alterations that underly this aberrant activity. Functional optical imaging in vertebrate models provides powerful advantages to this end, enabling the spatiotemporal acquisition of individual neuron activity patterns across multiple seizures. This coupled with the advent of genetically encoded indicators, be them for specific ions, neurotransmitters or voltage, grants researchers unparalleled access to the intact nervous system. Here, we will review how in vivo functional optical imaging in various vertebrate seizure models has advanced our knowledge of seizure dynamics, principally seizure initiation, propagation and termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Stern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Raymond Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Ken Berglund
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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4
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Wu X, Yang L, Li Z, Gu C, Jin K, Luo A, Rasheed NF, Fiutak I, Chao K, Chen A, Mao J, Chen Q, Ding W, Shen S. Aging-associated decrease of PGC-1α promotes pain chronification. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14177. [PMID: 38760908 PMCID: PMC11320346 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is generally associated with declining somatosensory function, which seems at odds with the high prevalence of chronic pain in older people. This discrepancy is partly related to the high prevalence of degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis in older people. However, whether aging alters pain processing in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and if so, whether it promotes pain chronification is largely unknown. Herein, we report that older mice displayed prolonged nociceptive behavior following nerve injury when compared with mature adult mice. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in S1 was decreased in older mice, whereas PGC-1α haploinsufficiency promoted prolonged nociceptive behavior after nerve injury. Both aging and PGC-1α haploinsufficiency led to abnormal S1 neural dynamics, revealed by intravital two-photon calcium imaging. Manipulating S1 neural dynamics affected nociceptive behavior after nerve injury: chemogenetic inhibition of S1 interneurons aggravated nociceptive behavior in naive mice; chemogenetic activation of S1 interneurons alleviated nociceptive behavior in older mice. More interestingly, adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of PGC-1α in S1 interneurons ameliorated aging-associated chronification of nociceptive behavior as well as aging-related S1 neural dynamic changes. Taken together, our results showed that aging-associated decrease of PGC-1α promotes pain chronification, which might be harnessed to alleviate the burden of chronic pain in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Shanghai 10th HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Liuyue Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zihua Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Chenzheng Gu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kaiyan Jin
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Kristina Chao
- Summer Intern ProgramMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amy Chen
- Summer Intern ProgramMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jianren Mao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Qian Chen
- Chinese Academy of SciencesZhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaShanghaiChina
| | - Weihua Ding
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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5
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Xiang Z, He S, Chen R, Liu S, Liu M, Xu L, Zheng J, Jiang Z, Ma L, Sun Y, Qin Y, Chen Y, Li W, Wang X, Chen G, Lei W. Two-photon live imaging of direct glia-to-neuron conversion in the mouse cortex. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1781-1788. [PMID: 38103245 PMCID: PMC10960291 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202408000-00032/figure1/v/2023-12-16T180322Z/r/image-tiff Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have reported transcription factor-based in situ reprogramming that can directly convert endogenous glial cells into functional neurons as an alternative approach for neuroregeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system. However, many questions remain regarding how a terminally differentiated glial cell can transform into a delicate neuron that forms part of the intricate brain circuitry. In addition, concerns have recently been raised around the absence of astrocyte-to-neuron conversion in astrocytic lineage-tracing mice. In this study, we employed repetitive two-photon imaging to continuously capture the in situ astrocyte-to-neuron conversion process following ectopic expression of the neural transcription factor NeuroD1 in both proliferating reactive astrocytes and lineage-traced astrocytes in the mouse cortex. Time-lapse imaging over several weeks revealed the step-by-step transition from a typical astrocyte with numerous short, tapered branches to a typical neuron with a few long neurites and dynamic growth cones that actively explored the local environment. In addition, these lineage-converting cells were able to migrate radially or tangentially to relocate to suitable positions. Furthermore, two-photon Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp recordings confirmed that the newly generated neurons exhibited synchronous calcium signals, repetitive action potentials, and spontaneous synaptic responses, suggesting that they had made functional synaptic connections within local neural circuits. In conclusion, we directly visualized the step-by-step lineage conversion process from astrocytes to functional neurons in vivo and unambiguously demonstrated that adult mammalian brains are highly plastic with respect to their potential for neuroregeneration and neural circuit reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqin Xiang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology in Health and Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rongjie Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shanggong Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minhui Liu
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Flemish Region, Belgium
| | - Liang Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiajun Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhouquan Jiang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongpeng Qin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenliang Lei
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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6
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Johnsen KA, Cruzado NA, Menard ZC, Willats AA, Charles AS, Markowitz JE, Rozell CJ. Bridging model and experiment in systems neuroscience with Cleo: the Closed-Loop, Electrophysiology, and Optophysiology simulation testbed. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.27.525963. [PMID: 39026717 PMCID: PMC11257437 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Systems neuroscience has experienced an explosion of new tools for reading and writing neural activity, enabling exciting new experiments such as all-optical or closed-loop control that effect powerful causal interventions. At the same time, improved computational models are capable of reproducing behavior and neural activity with increasing fidelity. Unfortunately, these advances have drastically increased the complexity of integrating different lines of research, resulting in the missed opportunities and untapped potential of suboptimal experiments. Experiment simulation can help bridge this gap, allowing model and experiment to better inform each other by providing a low-cost testbed for experiment design, model validation, and methods engineering. Specifically, this can be achieved by incorporating the simulation of the experimental interface into our models, but no existing tool integrates optogenetics, two-photon calcium imaging, electrode recording, and flexible closed-loop processing with neural population simulations. To address this need, we have developed Cleo: the Closed-Loop, Electrophysiology, and Optophysiology experiment simulation testbed. Cleo is a Python package enabling injection of recording and stimulation devices as well as closed-loop control with realistic latency into a Brian spiking neural network model. It is the only publicly available tool currently supporting two-photon and multi-opsin/wavelength optogenetics. To facilitate adoption and extension by the community, Cleo is open-source, modular, tested, and documented, and can export results to various data formats. Here we describe the design and features of Cleo, validate output of individual components and integrated experiments, and demonstrate its utility for advancing optogenetic techniques in prospective experiments using previously published systems neuroscience models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Johnsen
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Zachary C. Menard
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam A. Willats
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam S. Charles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Markowitz
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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7
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Zhang H, Xu Z, Chen N, Ma F, Zheng W, Liu C, Meng J. Simultaneous removal of noise and correction of motion warping in neuron calcium imaging using a pipeline structure of self-supervised deep learning models. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4300-4317. [PMID: 39022541 PMCID: PMC11249678 DOI: 10.1364/boe.527919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Calcium imaging is susceptible to motion distortions and background noises, particularly for monitoring active animals under low-dose laser irradiation, and hence unavoidably hinder the critical analysis of neural functions. Current research efforts tend to focus on either denoising or dewarping and do not provide effective methods for videos distorted by both noises and motion artifacts simultaneously. We found that when a self-supervised denoising model of DeepCAD [Nat. Methods18, 1359 (2021)10.1038/s41592-021-01225-0] is used on the calcium imaging contaminated by noise and motion warping, it can remove the motion artifacts effectively but with regenerated noises. To address this issue, we develop a two-level deep-learning (DL) pipeline to dewarp and denoise the calcium imaging video sequentially. The pipeline consists of two 3D self-supervised DL models that do not require warp-free and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) observations for network optimization. Specifically, a high-frequency enhancement block is presented in the denoising network to restore more structure information in the denoising process; a hierarchical perception module and a multi-scale attention module are designed in the dewarping network to tackle distortions of various sizes. Experiments conducted on seven videos from two-photon and confocal imaging systems demonstrate that our two-level DL pipeline can restore high-clarity neuron images distorted by both motion warping and background noises. Compared to typical DeepCAD, our denoising model achieves a significant improvement of approximately 30% in image resolution and up to 28% in signal-to-noise ratio; compared to traditional dewarping and denoising methods, our proposed pipeline network recovers more neurons, enhancing signal fidelity and improving data correlation among frames by 35% and 60% respectively. This work may provide an attractive method for long-term neural activity monitoring in awake animals and also facilitate functional analysis of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdong Zhang
- School of Computer, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Ma
- School of Computer, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Meng
- School of Computer, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
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8
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He B, Wang W, Wen J, Zhang R, Lin W, Guo Y, Xu Y, Huser T, Wei X, Yang Z. Behavioral dynamics of neuroprotective macrophage polarization in neuropathic pain observed by GHz femtosecond laser two-photon excitation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400026. [PMID: 38453163 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization in neurotoxic (M1) or neuroprotective (M2) phenotypes is known to play a significant role in neuropathic pain, but its behavioral dynamics and underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. Two-photon excitation microscopy (2PEM) is a promising functional imaging tool for investigating the mechanism of cellular behavior, as using near-infrared excitation wavelengths is less subjected to light scattering. However, the higher-order photobleaching effect in 2PEM can seriously hamper its applications to long-term live-cell studies. Here, we demonstrate a GHz femtosecond (fs) 2PEM that enables hours-long live-cell imaging of macrophage behavior with reduced higher-order photobleaching effect-by leveraging the repetition rate of fs pulses according to the fluorescence lifetime of fluorophores. Using this new functional 2PEM platform, we measure the polarization characteristics of macrophages, especially the long-term cellular behavior in efferocytosis, unveiling the dynamic mechanism of neuroprotective macrophage polarization in neuropathic pain. These efforts can create new opportunities for understanding long-term cellular dynamic behavior in neuropathic pain, as well as other neurobiological problems, and thus dissecting the underlying complex pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junpeng Wen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runsen Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankai Guo
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Future Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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9
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Chen R, Peng S, Xia Q, Wu T, Zheng J, Qin H, Qian J. Intravital observation of high-scattering and dense-labeling hepatic tissues using multi-photon fluorescence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300477. [PMID: 38616104 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Achieving high-resolution and large-depth microscopic imaging in vivo under conditions characterized by high-scattering and dense-labeling, as commonly encountered in the liver, poses a formidable challenge. Here, through the optimization of multi-photon fluorescence excitation window, tailored to the unique optical properties of the liver, intravital microscopic imaging of hepatocytes and hepatic blood vessels with high spatial resolution was attained. It's worth noting that resolution degradation caused by tissue scattering of excitation light was mitigated by accounting for moderate tissue self-absorption. Leveraging high-quality multi-photon fluorescence microscopy, we discerned structural and functional alterations in hepatocytes during drug-induced acute liver failure. Furthermore, a reduction in indocyanine green metabolism rates associated with acute liver failure was observed using NIR-II fluorescence macroscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Lorca-Cámara A, Tourain C, de Sars V, Emiliani V, Accanto N. Multicolor two-photon light-patterning microscope exploiting the spatio-temporal properties of a fiber bundle. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2094-2109. [PMID: 38633065 PMCID: PMC11019707 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient genetically encoded indicators and actuators has opened up the possibility of reading and manipulating neuronal activity in living tissues with light. To achieve precise and reconfigurable targeting of large numbers of neurons with single-cell resolution within arbitrary volumes, different groups have recently developed all-optical strategies based on two-photon excitation and spatio-temporal shaping of ultrashort laser pulses. However, such techniques are often complex to set up and typically operate at a single wavelength only. To address these issues, we have developed a novel optical approach that uses a fiber bundle and a spatial light modulator to achieve simple and dual-color two-photon light patterning in three dimensions. By leveraging the core-to-core temporal delay and the wavelength-independent divergence characteristics of fiber bundles, we have demonstrated the capacity to generate high-resolution excitation spots in a 3D region with two distinct laser wavelengths simultaneously, offering a suitable and simple alternative for precise multicolor cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Vincent de Sars
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
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11
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Kim B, Ding W, Yang L, Chen Q, Mao J, Feng G, Choi JH, Shen S. Simultaneous two-photon imaging and wireless EEG recording in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25910. [PMID: 38449613 PMCID: PMC10915345 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo two-photon imaging is a reliable method with high spatial resolution that allows observation of individual neuron and dendritic activity longitudinally. Neurons in local brain regions can be influenced by global brain states such as levels of arousal and attention that change over relatively short time scales, such as minutes. As such, the scientific rigor of investigating regional neuronal activities could be enhanced by considering the global brain state. New method In order to assess the global brain state during in vivo two-photon imaging, CBRAIN (collective brain research platform aided by illuminating neural activity), a wireless EEG collecting and labeling device, was controlled by the same computer of two-photon microscope. In an experiment to explore neuronal responses to isoflurane anesthesia through two-photon imaging, we investigated whether the response of individual cells correlated with concurrent EEG changes induced by anesthesia. Results In two-photon imaging, calcium activities of the excitatory neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex disappeared in about 30s after to the initiation of isoflurane anesthesia. The simultaneously recorded EEG showed various transitional activity for about 7 min from the initiation of anesthesia and continued with burst and suppression alternating pattern thereafter. As such, there was a dissociation between excitatory neuron activity of the primary somatosensory cortex and the global brain activity under anesthesia. Comparison with existing methods Existing methods to combine two-photon and EEG recording used wired EEG recording. In this study, wireless EEG was used in conjunction with two-photon imaging, facilitated by CBRAIN. More importantly, built-in algorithms of the CBRAIN can automatically detect brain state such as sleep. The codes used for EEG classification are easy to use, with no prior experience required. Conclusion Simultaneous recording of wireless EEG and two-photon imaging provides a practical way to capture individual neuronal activities with respect to global brain state in an experimental set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowon Kim
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Weihua Ding
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liuyue Yang
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
- Current address: Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianren Mao
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Jee Hyun Choi
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Lacin ME, Yildirim M. Applications of multiphoton microscopy in imaging cerebral and retinal organoids. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1360482. [PMID: 38505776 PMCID: PMC10948410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1360482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral organoids, self-organizing structures with increased cellular diversity and longevity, have addressed shortcomings in mimicking human brain complexity and architecture. However, imaging intact organoids poses challenges due to size, cellular density, and light-scattering properties. Traditional one-photon microscopy faces limitations in resolution and contrast, especially for deep regions. Here, we first discuss the fundamentals of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) as a promising alternative, leveraging non-linear fluorophore excitation and longer wavelengths for improved imaging of live cerebral organoids. Then, we review recent applications of MPM in studying morphogenesis and differentiation, emphasizing its potential for overcoming limitations associated with other imaging techniques. Furthermore, our paper underscores the crucial role of cerebral organoids in providing insights into human-specific neurodevelopmental processes and neurological disorders, addressing the scarcity of human brain tissue for translational neuroscience. Ultimately, we envision using multimodal multiphoton microscopy for longitudinal imaging of intact cerebral organoids, propelling advancements in our understanding of neurodevelopment and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murat Yildirim
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
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13
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Roy A, Ben-Yakar A. Numerical study of a convective cooling strategy for increasing safe power levels in two-photon brain imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:540-557. [PMID: 38404347 PMCID: PMC10890868 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy has become an effective tool for tracking neural activity in the brain at high resolutions thanks to its intrinsic optical sectioning and deep penetration capabilities. However, advanced two-photon microscopy modalities enabling high-speed and/or deep-tissue imaging necessitate high average laser powers, thus increasing the susceptibility of tissue heating due to out-of-focus absorption. Despite cooling the cranial window by maintaining the objective at a fixed temperature, average laser powers exceeding 100-200 mW have been shown to exhibit the potential for altering physiological responses of the brain. This paper proposes an enhanced cooling technique for inducing a laminar flow to the objective immersion layer while implementing duty cycles. Through a numerical study, we analyze the efficacy of heat dissipation of the proposed method and compare it with that of the conventional, fixed-temperature objective cooling technique. The results show that improved cooling could be achieved by choosing appropriate flow rates and physiologically relevant immersion cooling temperatures, potentially increasing safe laser power levels by up to three times (3×). The proposed active cooling method can provide an opportunity for faster scan speeds and enhanced signals in nonlinear deep brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Roy
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop C2200, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Adela Ben-Yakar
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop C2200, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2501 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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14
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Liang S, Hess J. Tumor Neurobiology in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:256. [PMID: 38334648 PMCID: PMC10854684 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The neurobiology of tumors has attracted considerable interest from clinicians and scientists and has become a multidisciplinary area of research. Neural components not only interact with tumor cells but also influence other elements within the TME, such as immune cells and vascular components, forming a polygonal relationship to synergistically facilitate tumor growth and progression. This review comprehensively summarizes the current state of the knowledge on nerve-tumor crosstalk in head and neck cancer and discusses the potential underlying mechanisms. Several mechanisms facilitating nerve-tumor crosstalk are covered, such as perineural invasion, axonogenesis, neurogenesis, neural reprogramming, and transdifferentiation, and the reciprocal interactions between the nervous and immune systems in the TME are also discussed in this review. Further understanding of the nerve-tumor crosstalk in the TME of head and neck cancer may provide new nerve-targeted treatment options and help improve clinical outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Tumors, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Tumors, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Zhang X, Han Y, Liu H, Xiao X, Hu Y, Fu Q, Feng L, Hu X, Wang C, Wang J, Wang A. MEMS-based two-photon microscopy with Lissajous scanning and image reconstruction under a feed-forward control strategy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:1421-1437. [PMID: 38297694 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy (TPM) based on two-dimensional micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) system mirrors shows promising applications in biomedicine and the life sciences. To improve the imaging quality and real-time performance of TPM, this paper proposes Lissajous scanning control and image reconstruction under a feed-forward control strategy, a dual-parameter alternating drive control algorithm and segmented phase synchronization mechanism, and pipe-lined fusion-mean filtering and median filtering to suppress image noise. A 10 fps frame rate (512 × 512 pixels), a 140 µm × 140 µm field of view, and a 0.62 µm lateral resolution were achieved. The imaging capability of MEMS-based Lissajous scanning TPM was verified by ex vivo and in vivo biological tissue imaging.
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16
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Li S, Liu Y, Zhang N, Li W, Xu WJ, Xu YQ, Chen YY, Cui X, Zhu B, Gao XY. Perspective of Calcium Imaging Technology Applied to Acupuncture Research. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:3-9. [PMID: 36795265 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture, a therapeutic treatment defined as the insertion of needles into the body at specific points (ie, acupoints), has growing in popularity world-wide to treat various diseases effectively, especially acute and chronic pain. In parallel, interest in the physiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia, particularly the neural mechanisms have been increasing. Over the past decades, our understanding of how the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system process signals induced by acupuncture has developed rapidly by using electrophysiological methods. However, with the development of neuroscience, electrophysiology is being challenged by calcium imaging in view field, neuron population and visualization in vivo. Owing to the outstanding spatial resolution, the novel imaging approaches provide opportunities to enrich our knowledge about the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia at subcellular, cellular, and circuit levels in combination with new labeling, genetic and circuit tracing techniques. Therefore, this review will introduce the principle and the method of calcium imaging applied to acupuncture research. We will also review the current findings in pain research using calcium imaging from in vitro to in vivo experiments and discuss the potential methodological considerations in studying acupuncture analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wang Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi-Qian Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xin-Yan Gao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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17
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Wright N, Rowlands CJ. mtFRC: depth-dependent resolution quantification of image features in 3D fluorescence microscopy. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2023; 3:vbad182. [PMID: 38146539 PMCID: PMC10749749 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Motivation Quantifying lateral resolution as a function of depth is important in the design of 3D microscopy experiments. However, for many specimens, resolution is non-uniform within the same optical plane because of factors such as tissue variability and differential light scattering. This precludes application of a simple resolution metric to the image as a whole. In such cases, it can be desirable to analyse resolution only within specific, well-defined features. Results An algorithm and software are presented to characterize resolution as a function of depth in features of arbitrary shape in 3D samples. The tool can be used to achieve an objective comparison between different preparation methods, imaging parameters, and optical systems. It can also inform the design of experiments requiring resolution of structures at a specific scale. The method is demonstrated by quantifying the improvement in resolution of two-photon microscopy over confocal in the central brain of Drosophila melanogaster. Measurement of image quality increases by tuning a single parameter, laser power, is also shown. An ImageJ plugin implementation is provided for ease of use via a simple Graphical User Interface, with outputs in table, graph, and colourmap formats. Availability and implementation Software and source code are available at https://www.imperial.ac.uk/rowlands-lab/resources/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Wright
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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18
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Zhang G, Li X, Zhang Y, Han X, Li X, Yu J, Liu B, Wu J, Yu L, Dai Q. Bio-friendly long-term subcellular dynamic recording by self-supervised image enhancement microscopy. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1957-1970. [PMID: 37957429 PMCID: PMC10703694 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has become an indispensable tool for revealing the dynamic regulation of cells and organelles. However, stochastic noise inherently restricts optical interrogation quality and exacerbates observation fidelity when balancing the joint demands of high frame rate, long-term recording and low phototoxicity. Here we propose DeepSeMi, a self-supervised-learning-based denoising framework capable of increasing signal-to-noise ratio by over 12 dB across various conditions. With the introduction of newly designed eccentric blind-spot convolution filters, DeepSeMi effectively denoises images with no loss of spatiotemporal resolution. In combination with confocal microscopy, DeepSeMi allows for recording organelle interactions in four colors at high frame rates across tens of thousands of frames, monitoring migrasomes and retractosomes over a half day, and imaging ultra-phototoxicity-sensitive Dictyostelium cells over thousands of frames. Through comprehensive validations across various samples and instruments, we prove DeepSeMi to be a versatile and biocompatible tool for breaking the shot-noise limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Han
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Boqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Shanghai AI Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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19
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Feng W, Liu CJ, Wang L, Zhang C. An optical clearing imaging window: Realization of mouse brain imaging and manipulation through scalp and skull. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:2105-2119. [PMID: 36999642 PMCID: PMC10925863 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231167729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Cortical visualization is essential to understand the dynamic changes in brain microenvironment under physiopathological conditions. However, the turbid scalp and skull severely limit the imaging depth and resolution. Existing cranial windows require invasive scalp excision and various subsequent skull treatments. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of skull bone marrow, meninges, and cortex through scalp and skull with high resolution yet remains a challenge. In this work, a non-invasive trans-scalp/skull optical clearing imaging window is proposed for cortical and calvarial imaging, which is achieved by applying a novel skin optical clearing reagent. The imaging depth and resolution are greatly enhanced in near infrared imaging and optical coherence tomography imaging. Combining this imaging window with adaptive optics, we achieve the visualization and manipulation of the calvarial and cortical microenvironment through the scalp and skull using two-photon imaging for the first time. Our method provides a well-performed imaging window and paves the way for intravital brain studies with the advantages of easy-operation, convenience and non-invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chun-jie Liu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisi Wang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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20
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Dembitskaya Y, Boyce AKJ, Idziak A, Pourkhalili Langeroudi A, Arizono M, Girard J, Le Bourdellès G, Ducros M, Sato-Fitoussi M, Ochoa de Amezaga A, Oizel K, Bancelin S, Mercier L, Pfeiffer T, Thompson RJ, Kim SK, Bikfalvi A, Nägerl UV. Shadow imaging for panoptical visualization of brain tissue in vivo. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6411. [PMID: 37828018 PMCID: PMC10570379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in neuroscience research hinges on technical advances in visualizing living brain tissue with high fidelity and facility. Current neuroanatomical imaging approaches either require tissue fixation (electron microscopy), do not have cellular resolution (magnetic resonance imaging) or only give a fragmented view (fluorescence microscopy). Here, we show how regular light microscopy together with fluorescence labeling of the interstitial fluid in the extracellular space provide comprehensive optical access in real-time to the anatomical complexity and dynamics of living brain tissue at submicron scale. Using several common fluorescence microscopy modalities (confocal, light-sheet and 2-photon microscopy) in mouse organotypic and acute brain slices and the intact mouse brain in vivo, we demonstrate the value of this straightforward 'shadow imaging' approach by revealing neurons, microglia, tumor cells and blood capillaries together with their complete anatomical tissue contexts. In addition, we provide quantifications of perivascular spaces and the volume fraction of the extracellular space of brain tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Dembitskaya
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andrew K J Boyce
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Agata Idziak
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Misa Arizono
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jordan Girard
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Le Bourdellès
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Ducros
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Sato-Fitoussi
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amaia Ochoa de Amezaga
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kristell Oizel
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC), U1312, Bat B2, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Stephane Bancelin
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luc Mercier
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Pfeiffer
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roger J Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC), U1312, Bat B2, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - U Valentin Nägerl
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 and University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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21
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Bhembre N, Bonthron C, Opazo P. Synaptic Compensatory Plasticity in Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6833-6840. [PMID: 37821232 PMCID: PMC10573755 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0379-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of excitatory synapses is known to underlie the cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although much is known about the mechanisms underlying synaptic loss in AD, how neurons compensate for this loss and whether this provides cognitive benefits remain almost completely unexplored. In this review, we describe two potential compensatory mechanisms implemented following synaptic loss: the enlargement of the surviving neighboring synapses and the regeneration of synapses. Because dendritic spines, the postsynaptic site of excitatory synapses, are easily visualized using light microscopy, we focus on a range of microscopy approaches to monitor synaptic loss and compensation. Here, we stress the importance of longitudinal dendritic spine imaging, as opposed to fixed-tissue imaging, to gain insights into the temporal dynamics of dendritic spine compensation. We believe that understanding the molecular mechanisms behind these and other forms of synaptic compensation and regeneration will be critical for the development of therapeutics aiming at delaying the onset of cognitive deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Bhembre
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Calum Bonthron
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Patricio Opazo
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
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22
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Delafontaine-Martel P, Zhang C, Lu X, Damseh R, Lesage F, Marchand PJ. Targeted capillary photothrombosis via multiphoton excitation of Rose Bengal. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1713-1725. [PMID: 36647768 PMCID: PMC10581236 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231151560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular stalling, the process occurring when a capillary temporarily loses perfusion, has gained increasing interest in recent years through its demonstrated presence in various neuropathologies. Studying the impact of such stalls on the surrounding brain tissue is of paramount importance to understand their role in such diseases. Despite efforts trying to study the stalling events, investigations are hampered by their elusiveness and scarcity. In an attempt to alleviate these hurdles, we present here a novel methodology enabling transient occlusions of targeted microvascular segments through multiphoton excitation of Rose Bengal, an established photothrombotic agent. With n = 7 mice C57BL/6 J (5 males and 2 females) and 95 photothrombosis trials, we demonstrate the ability of triggering reversible blockages by illuminating a capillary segment during ∼300 s at 1000 nm, using a standard Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser. Furthermore, we performed concurrent Optical Coherence Microscopy (OCM) angiography imaging of the microvascular network to highlight the specificity of the targeted occlusion and its duration. Through comparison with a control group, we conclude that blood flow cessation is indeed created by the photothrombotic agent via multiphoton excitation and is temporary, followed by a flow recovery in less than 24 h. Moreover, Immunohistology points toward a stalling mechanism driven by adherence of the neutrophil in the vascular lumen. This observation seems to be promoted by the inflammation locally created via multiphoton activation of Rose Bengal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Delafontaine-Martel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Xuecong Lu
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- DeGroote School of Business – McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafat Damseh
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Paul J Marchand
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne- EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Engelmann SA, Tomar A, Woods AL, Dunn AK. Pulse train gating to improve signal generation for in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:045006. [PMID: 37937198 PMCID: PMC10627479 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.045006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Significance Two-photon microscopy is used routinely for in vivo imaging of neural and vascular structures and functions in rodents with a high resolution. Image quality, however, often degrades in deeper portions of the cerebral cortex. Strategies to improve deep imaging are therefore needed. We introduce such a strategy using the gating of high repetition rate ultrafast pulse trains to increase the signal level. Aim We investigate how the signal generation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and signal-to-background ratio (SBR) improve with pulse gating while imaging in vivo mouse cerebral vasculature. Approach An electro-optic modulator with a high-power (6 W) 80 MHz repetition rate ytterbium fiber amplifier is used to create gates of pulses at a 1 MHz repetition rate. We first measure signal generation from a Texas Red solution in a cuvette to characterize the system with no gating and at a 50%, 25%, and 12.5% duty cycle. We then compare the signal generation, SNR, and SBR when imaging Texas Red-labeled vasculature using these conditions. Results We find up to a 6.73-fold increase in fluorescent signal from a cuvette when using a 12.5% duty cycle pulse gating excitation pattern as opposed to a constant 80 MHz pulse train at the same average power. We verify similar increases for in vivo imaging to that observed in cuvette testing. For deep imaging, we find that pulse gating results in a 2.95-fold increase in the SNR and a 1.37-fold increase in the SBR on average when imaging mouse cortical vasculature at depths ranging from 950 to 1050 μ m . Conclusions We demonstrate that a pulse gating strategy can either be used to limit heating when imaging superficial brain regions or used to increase signal generation in deep regions. These findings should encourage others to adopt similar pulse gating excitation schemes for imaging neural structures through two-photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A. Engelmann
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Alankrit Tomar
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Aaron L. Woods
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
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24
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Ishii H, Otomo K, Chang CP, Yamasaki M, Watanabe M, Yokoyama H, Nemoto T. All-synchronized picosecond pulses and time-gated detection improve the spatial resolution of two-photon STED microscopy in brain tissue imaging. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290550. [PMID: 37616194 PMCID: PMC10449175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution in two-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy offers new approaches for visualizing the deep inside the brain functions at the nanoscale. In this study, we developed a novel 2PE stimulated-emission-depletion (STED) microscope with all-synchronized picosecond pulse light sources and time-gated fluorescence detection, namely, all-pulsed 2PE-gSTED microscopy. The implementation of time-gating is critical to excluding undesirable signals derived from brain tissues. Even in a case using subnanosecond pulses for STED, the impact of time-gating was not negligible; the spatial resolution in the image of the brain tissue was improved by approximately 1.4 times compared with non time-gated image. This finding demonstrates that time-gating is more useful than previously thought for improving spatial resolution in brain tissue imaging. This microscopy will facilitate deeper super-resolution observation of the fine structure of neuronal dendritic spines and the intracellular dynamics in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Ishii
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ching-Pu Chang
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Yokoyama
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
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25
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Li J, Wu X, Fu Y, Nie H, Tang Z. Two-photon microscopy: application advantages and latest progress for in vivo imaging of neurons and blood vessels after ischemic stroke. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:559-572. [PMID: 36719181 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy (TPM) plays an important role in the study of the changes of the two important components of neurovascular units (NVU) - neurons and blood vessels after ischemic stroke (IS). IS refers to sudden neurological dysfunction caused by focal cerebral ischemia, which is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. TPM is a new and rapidly developing high-resolution real-time imaging technique used in vivo that has attracted increasing attention from scientists in the neuroscience field. Neurons and blood vessels are important components of neurovascular units, and they undergo great changes after IS to respond to and compensate for ischemic injury. Here, we introduce the characteristics and pre-imaging preparations of TPM, and review the common methods and latest progress of TPM in the neuronal and vascular research for injury and recovery of IS in recent years. With the review, we clearly recognized that the most important advantage of TPM in the study of ischemic stroke is the ability to perform chronic longitudinal imaging of different tissues at a high resolution in vivo. Finally, we discuss the limitations of TPM and the technological advances in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
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26
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Sokolowski JD, Soldozy S, Sharifi KA, Norat P, Kearns KN, Liu L, Williams AM, Yağmurlu K, Mastorakos P, Miller GW, Kalani MYS, Park MS, Kellogg RT, Tvrdik P. Preclinical models of middle cerebral artery occlusion: new imaging approaches to a classic technique. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1170675. [PMID: 37409019 PMCID: PMC10318149 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1170675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a major burden on patients, families, and healthcare professionals, despite major advances in prevention, acute treatment, and rehabilitation. Preclinical basic research can help to better define mechanisms contributing to stroke pathology, and identify therapeutic interventions that can decrease ischemic injury and improve outcomes. Animal models play an essential role in this process, and mouse models are particularly well-suited due to their genetic accessibility and relatively low cost. Here, we review the focal cerebral ischemia models with an emphasis on the middle cerebral artery occlusion technique, a "gold standard" in surgical ischemic stroke models. Also, we highlight several histologic, genetic, and in vivo imaging approaches, including mouse stroke MRI techniques, that have the potential to enhance the rigor of preclinical stroke evaluation. Together, these efforts will pave the way for clinical interventions that can mitigate the negative impact of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Sokolowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sauson Soldozy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Khadijeh A. Sharifi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Pedro Norat
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kathryn N. Kearns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ashley M. Williams
- School of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kaan Yağmurlu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - G. Wilson Miller
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - M. Yashar S. Kalani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, St. John's Neuroscience Institute, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Min S. Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ryan T. Kellogg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Petr Tvrdik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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27
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Hu YY, Hsu CW, Tseng YH, Lin CY, Chiang HC, Chiang AS, Chang ST, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy with cross-modality multi-stage 3D U-Net for fast and clear bioimaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2478-2491. [PMID: 37342698 PMCID: PMC10278625 DOI: 10.1364/boe.484154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) enables fast widefield biotissue imaging with optical sectioning. However, under widefield illumination, the imaging performance is severely degraded by scattering effects, which induce signal crosstalk and a low signal-to-noise ratio in the detection process, particularly when imaging deep layers. Accordingly, the present study proposes a cross-modality learning-based neural network method for performing image registration and restoration. In the proposed method, the point-scanning multiphoton excitation microscopy images are registered to the TFMPEM images by an unsupervised U-Net model based on a global linear affine transformation process and local VoxelMorph registration network. A multi-stage 3D U-Net model with a cross-stage feature fusion mechanism and self-supervised attention module is then used to infer in-vitro fixed TFMPEM volumetric images. The experimental results obtained for in-vitro drosophila mushroom body (MB) images show that the proposed method improves the structure similarity index measures (SSIMs) of the TFMPEM images acquired with a 10-ms exposure time from 0.38 to 0.93 and 0.80 for shallow- and deep-layer images, respectively. A 3D U-Net model, pretrained on in-vitro images, is further trained using a small in-vivo MB image dataset. The transfer learning network improves the SSIMs of in-vivo drosophila MB images captured with a 1-ms exposure time to 0.97 and 0.94 for shallow and deep layers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Hsu
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Tseng
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Tsu Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
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28
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Vidler C, Crozier K, Collins D. Ultra-resolution scalable microprinting. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:67. [PMID: 37251709 PMCID: PMC10212948 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Projection micro stereolithography (PµSL) is a digital light processing (DLP) based printing technique for producing structured microparts. In this approach there is often a tradeoff between the largest object that can be printed and the minimum feature size, with higher resolution generally reducing the overall extent of the structure. The ability to produce structures with high spatial resolution and large overall volume, however, is immensely important for the creation of hierarchical materials, microfluidic devices and bioinspired constructs. In this work, we report a low-cost system with 1 µm optical resolution, representing the highest resolution system yet developed for the creation of micro-structured parts whose overall dimensions are nevertheless on the order of centimeters. To do so, we examine the limits at which PµSL can be applied at scale as a function of energy dosage, resin composition, cure depth and in-plane feature resolution. In doing so we develop a unique exposure composition approach that allows us to greatly improve the resolution of printed features. This ability to construct high-resolution scalable microstructures has the potential to accelerate advances in emerging areas, including 3D metamaterials, tissue engineering and bioinspired constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Vidler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kenneth Crozier
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - David Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
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29
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Roy S, Wang D, Rudzite AM, Perry B, Scalabrino ML, Thapa M, Gong Y, Sher A, Field GD. Large-scale interrogation of retinal cell functions by 1-photon light-sheet microscopy. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100453. [PMID: 37159670 PMCID: PMC10163030 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Visual processing in the retina depends on the collective activity of large ensembles of neurons organized in different layers. Current techniques for measuring activity of layer-specific neural ensembles rely on expensive pulsed infrared lasers to drive 2-photon activation of calcium-dependent fluorescent reporters. We present a 1-photon light-sheet imaging system that can measure the activity in hundreds of neurons in the ex vivo retina over a large field of view while presenting visual stimuli. This allows for a reliable functional classification of different retinal cell types. We also demonstrate that the system has sufficient resolution to image calcium entry at individual synaptic release sites across the axon terminals of dozens of simultaneously imaged bipolar cells. The simple design, large field of view, and fast image acquisition make this a powerful system for high-throughput and high-resolution measurements of retinal processing at a fraction of the cost of alternative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suva Roy
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Depeng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Andra M. Rudzite
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Benjamin Perry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Miranda L. Scalabrino
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Mishek Thapa
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Yiyang Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alexander Sher
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Greg D. Field
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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30
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Engelmann SA, Tomar A, Woods AL, Dunn AK. Pulse train gating to improve signal generation for in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535393. [PMID: 37066310 PMCID: PMC10103994 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Significance Two-photon microscopy is used routinely for in vivo imaging of neural and vascular structure and function in rodents with a high resolution. Image quality, however, often degrades in deeper portions of the cerebral cortex. Strategies to improve deep imaging are therefore needed. We introduce such a strategy using gates of high repetition rate ultrafast pulse trains to increase signal level. Aim We investigate how signal generation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and signal-to-background ratio (SBR) improve with pulse gating while imaging in vivo mouse cerebral vasculature. Approach An electro-optic modulator is used with a high-power (6 W) 80 MHz repetition rate ytterbium fiber amplifier to create gates of pulses at a 1 MHz repetition rate. We first measure signal generation from a Texas Red solution in a cuvette to characterize the system with no gating and at a 50%, 25%, and 12.5% duty cycle. We then compare signal generation, SNR, and SBR when imaging Texas Red-labeled vasculature using these conditions. Results We find up to a 6.73-fold increase in fluorescent signal from a cuvette when using a 12.5% duty cycle pulse gating excitation pattern as opposed to a constant 80 MHz pulse train. We verify similar increases for in vivo imaging to that observed in cuvette testing. For deep imaging we find pulse gating to result in a 2.95-fold increase in SNR and a 1.37-fold increase in SBR on average when imaging mouse cortical vasculature at depths ranging from 950 μm to 1050 μm. Conclusions We demonstrate that a pulse gating strategy can either be used to limit heating when imaging superficial brain regions or used to increase signal generation in deep regions. These findings should encourage others to adopt similar pulse gating excitation schemes for imaging neural structure through two-photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A. Engelmann
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin Texas, United States
| | - Alankrit Tomar
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin Texas, United States
| | - Aaron L. Woods
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin Texas, United States
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin Texas, United States
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31
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Zhang K, Chen FR, Wang L, Hu J. Second Near-Infrared (NIR-II) Window for Imaging-Navigated Modulation of Brain Structure and Function. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206044. [PMID: 36670072 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, optical imaging of the deep brain with high resolution has been a challenge. Recently, with the advance in second near-infrared (NIR-II) bioimaging techniques and imaging contrast agents, NIR-II window bioimaging has attracted great attention to monitoring deeper biological or pathophysiological processes with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatiotemporal resolution. Assisted with NIR-II bioimaging, the modulation of structure and function of brain is promising to be noninvasive and more precise. Herein, in this review, first the advantage of NIR-II light in brain imaging from the interaction between NIR-II and tissue is elaborated. Then, several specific NIR-II bioimaging technologies are introduced, including NIR-II fluorescence imaging, multiphoton fluorescence imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. Furthermore, the corresponding contrast agents are summarized. Next, the application of various NIR-II bioimaging technologies in visualizing the characteristics of cerebrovascular network and monitoring the changes of the pathology signals will be presented. After that, the modulation of brain structure and function based on NIR-II bioimaging will be discussed, including treatment of glioblastoma, guidance of cell transplantation, and neuromodulation. In the end, future perspectives that would help improve the clinical translation of NIR-II light are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Lidai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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32
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Obstarczyk P, Pniakowska A, Nonappa, Grzelczak MP, Olesiak-Bańska J. Crown Ether-Capped Gold Nanoclusters as a Multimodal Platform for Bioimaging. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11503-11511. [PMID: 37008092 PMCID: PMC10061685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The distinct polarity of biomolecule surfaces plays a pivotal role in their biochemistry and functions as it is involved in numerous processes, such as folding, aggregation, or denaturation. Therefore, there is a need to image both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bio-interfaces with markers of distinct responses to hydrophobic and hydrophilic environments. In this work, we present a synthesis, characterization, and application of ultrasmall gold nanoclusters capped with a 12-crown-4 ligand. The nanoclusters present an amphiphilic character and can be successfully transferred between aqueous and organic solvents and have their physicochemical integrity retained. They can serve as probes for multimodal bioimaging with light (as they emit near-infrared luminescence) and electron microscopy (due to the high electron density of gold). In this work, we used protein superstructures, namely, amyloid spherulites, as a hydrophobic surface model and individual amyloid fibrils with a mixed hydrophobicity profile. Our nanoclusters spontaneously stained densely packed amyloid spherulites as observed under fluorescence microscopy, which is limited for hydrophilic markers. Moreover, our clusters revealed structural features of individual amyloid fibrils at a nanoscale as observed under a transmission electron microscope. We show the potential of crown ether-capped gold nanoclusters in multimodal structural characterization of bio-interfaces where the amphiphilic character of the supramolecular ligand is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Obstarczyk
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Pniakowska
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere
University, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marcin P. Grzelczak
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Olesiak-Bańska
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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33
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Yu X, Zhou L, Qi T, Zhao H, Xie H. MEMS Enabled Miniature Two-Photon Microscopy for Biomedical Imaging. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:470. [PMID: 36838170 PMCID: PMC9958604 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, two-photon microscopy (TPM) has been the technique of choice for in vivo noninvasive optical brain imaging for neuroscientific study or intra-vital microendoscopic imaging for clinical diagnosis or surgical guidance because of its intrinsic capability of optical sectioning for imaging deeply below the tissue surface with sub-cellular resolution. However, most of these research activities and clinical applications are constrained by the bulky size of traditional TMP systems. An attractive solution is to develop miniaturized TPMs, but this is challenged by the difficulty of the integration of dynamically scanning optical and mechanical components into a small space. Fortunately, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, together with other emerging micro-optics techniques, has offered promising opportunities in enabling miniaturized TPMs. In this paper, the latest advancements in both lateral scan and axial scan techniques and the progress of miniaturized TPM imaging will be reviewed in detail. Miniature TPM probes with lateral 2D scanning mechanisms, including electrostatic, electromagnetic, and electrothermal actuation, are reviewed. Miniature TPM probes with axial scanning mechanisms, such as MEMS microlenses, remote-focus, liquid lenses, and deformable MEMS mirrors, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Effect of Physical Field and Instrument, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tingxiang Qi
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
- Foshan Lightview Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Huikai Xie
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
- Foshan Lightview Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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34
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Cudic M, Diamond JS, Noble JA. Unpaired mesh-to-image translation for 3D fluorescent microscopy images of neurons. Med Image Anal 2023; 86:102768. [PMID: 36857945 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
While Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can now reliably produce realistic images in a multitude of imaging domains, they are ill-equipped to model thin, stochastic textures present in many large 3D fluorescent microscopy (FM) images acquired in biological research. This is especially problematic in neuroscience where the lack of ground truth data impedes the development of automated image analysis algorithms for neurons and neural populations. We therefore propose an unpaired mesh-to-image translation methodology for generating volumetric FM images of neurons from paired ground truths. We start by learning unique FM styles efficiently through a Gramian-based discriminator. Then, we stylize 3D voxelized meshes of previously reconstructed neurons by successively generating slices. As a result, we effectively create a synthetic microscope and can acquire realistic FM images of neurons with control over the image content and imaging configurations. We demonstrate the feasibility of our architecture and its superior performance compared to state-of-the-art image translation architectures through a variety of texture-based metrics, unsupervised segmentation accuracy, and an expert opinion test. In this study, we use 2 synthetic FM datasets and 2 newly acquired FM datasets of retinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael Cudic
- National Institutes of Health Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, USA; National Institutes of Neurological Diseases and Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jeffrey S Diamond
- National Institutes of Neurological Diseases and Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - J Alison Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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35
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Lee J, Campillo B, Hamidian S, Liu Z, Shorey M, St-Pierre F. Automating the High-Throughput Screening of Protein-Based Optical Indicators and Actuators. Biochemistry 2023; 62:169-177. [PMID: 36315460 PMCID: PMC9852035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 25 years, protein engineers have developed an impressive collection of optical tools to interface with biological systems: indicators to eavesdrop on cellular activity and actuators to poke and prod native processes. To reach the performance level required for their downstream applications, protein-based tools are usually sculpted by iterative rounds of mutagenesis. In each round, libraries of variants are made and evaluated, and the most promising hits are then retrieved, sequenced, and further characterized. Early efforts to engineer protein-based optical tools were largely manual, suffering from low throughput, human error, and tedium. Here, we describe approaches to automating the screening of libraries generated as colonies on agar, multiwell plates, and pooled populations of single-cell variants. We also briefly discuss emerging approaches for screening, including cell-free systems and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Beatriz Campillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaminta Hamidian
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhuohe Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Matthew Shorey
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - François St-Pierre
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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36
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Shabani L, Abbasi M, Azarnew Z, Amani AM, Vaez A. Neuro-nanotechnology: diagnostic and therapeutic nano-based strategies in applied neuroscience. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36593487 PMCID: PMC9809121 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-01062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial, de-novo manufactured materials (with controlled nano-sized characteristics) have been progressively used by neuroscientists during the last several decades. The introduction of novel implantable bioelectronics interfaces that are better suited to their biological targets is one example of an innovation that has emerged as a result of advanced nanostructures and implantable bioelectronics interfaces, which has increased the potential of prostheses and neural interfaces. The unique physical-chemical properties of nanoparticles have also facilitated the development of novel imaging instruments for advanced laboratory systems, as well as intelligently manufactured scaffolds and microelectrodes and other technologies designed to increase our understanding of neural tissue processes. The incorporation of nanotechnology into physiology and cell biology enables the tailoring of molecular interactions. This involves unique interactions with neurons and glial cells in neuroscience. Technology solutions intended to effectively interact with neuronal cells, improved molecular-based diagnostic techniques, biomaterials and hybridized compounds utilized for neural regeneration, neuroprotection, and targeted delivery of medicines as well as small chemicals across the blood-brain barrier are all purposes of the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Shabani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Abbasi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeynab Azarnew
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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37
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Conti E, Pavone FS, Allegra Mascaro AL. In Vivo Imaging of the Structural Plasticity of Cortical Neurons After Stroke. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2616:69-81. [PMID: 36715929 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2926-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The comprehension of the finest mechanisms underlying experience-dependent plasticity requires the investigation of neurons and synaptic terminals in the intact brain over prolonged periods of time. Longitudinal two-photon imaging together with the expression of fluorescent proteins enables high-resolution imaging of dendritic spines and axonal varicosities of cortical neurons in vivo. Importantly, the study of the mechanisms of structural reorganization is relevant for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological diseases such as stroke and for the development of new therapeutic approaches. This protocol describes the principal steps for in vivo investigation of neuronal plasticity both in healthy conditions and after an ischemic lesion. First, we give a description of the surgery to perform a stable cranial window that allows optical access to the mouse brain cortex. Then we explain how to perform longitudinal two-photon imaging of dendrites, axonal branches, and synaptic terminals in the mouse brain cortex in vivo, in order to investigate the plasticity of synaptic terminals and orientation of neuronal processes. Finally, we describe how to induce an ischemic lesion in a target region of the mouse brain cortex through a cranial window by applying the photothrombotic stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Conti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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38
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Abstract
In this series of papers on light microscopy imaging, we have covered the fundamentals of microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, and lightsheet microscopy. This last review covers multi-photon microscopy with a brief reference to intravital imaging and Brainbow labeling. Multi-photon microscopy is often referred to as two-photon microscopy. Indeed, using two-photon microscopy is by far the most common way of imaging thick tissues; however, it is theoretically possible to use a higher number of photons, and three-photon microscopy is possible. Therefore, this review is titled "multi-photon microscopy." Another term for describing multi-photon microscopy is "non-linear" microscopy because fluorescence intensity at the focal spot depends upon the average squared intensity rather than the squared average intensity; hence, non-linear optics (NLO) is an alternative name for multi-photon microscopy. It is this non-linear relationship (or third exponential power in the case of three-photon excitation) that determines the axial optical sectioning capability of multi-photon imaging. In this paper, the necessity for two-photon or multi-photon imaging is explained, and the method of optical sectioning by multi-photon microscopy is described. Advice is also given on what fluorescent markers to use and other practical aspects of imaging thick tissues. The technique of Brainbow imaging is discussed. The review concludes with a description of intravital imaging of the mouse. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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39
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Barry J, Peng A, Levine MS, Cepeda C. Calcium imaging: A versatile tool to examine Huntington's disease mechanisms and progression. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1040113. [PMID: 36408400 PMCID: PMC9669372 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that causes chorea, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. It is characterized by accumulation of mutant Htt protein, which primarily impacts striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), as well as cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs), causing synapse loss and eventually cell death. Perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis is believed to play a major role in HD, as altered Ca2+ homeostasis often precedes striatal dysfunction and manifestation of HD symptoms. In addition, dysregulation of Ca2+ can cause morphological and functional changes in MSNs and CPNs. Therefore, Ca2+ imaging techniques have the potential of visualizing changes in Ca2+ dynamics and neuronal activity in HD animal models. This minireview focuses on studies using diverse Ca2+ imaging techniques, including two-photon microscopy, fiber photometry, and miniscopes, in combination of Ca2+ indicators to monitor activity of neurons in HD models as the disease progresses. We then discuss the future applications of Ca2+ imaging to visualize disease mechanisms and alterations associated with HD, as well as studies showing how, as a proof-of-concept, Ca2+imaging using miniscopes in freely-behaving animals can help elucidate the differential role of direct and indirect pathway MSNs in HD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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40
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Leben R, Lindquist RL, Hauser AE, Niesner R, Rakhymzhan A. Two-Photon Excitation Spectra of Various Fluorescent Proteins within a Broad Excitation Range. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13407. [PMID: 36362194 PMCID: PMC9656010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-photon excitation fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy is the preferred method for studying dynamic processes in living organ models or even in living organisms. Thanks to near-infrared and infrared excitation, it is possible to penetrate deep into the tissue, reaching areas of interest relevant to life sciences and biomedicine. In those imaging experiments, two-photon excitation spectra are needed to select the optimal laser wavelength to excite as many fluorophores as possible simultaneously in the sample under consideration. The more fluorophores that can be excited, and the more cell populations that can be studied, the better access to their arrangement and interaction can be reached in complex systems such as immunological organs. However, for many fluorophores, the two-photon excitation properties are poorly predicted from the single-photon spectra and are not yet available, in the literature or databases. Here, we present the broad excitation range (760 nm to 1300 nm) of photon-flux-normalized two-photon spectra of several fluorescent proteins in their cellular environment. This includes the following fluorescent proteins spanning from the cyan to the infrared part of the spectrum: mCerulean3, mTurquoise2, mT-Sapphire, Clover, mKusabiraOrange2, mOrange2, LSS-mOrange, mRuby2, mBeRFP, mCardinal, iRFP670, NirFP, and iRFP720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Leben
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Randall L. Lindquist
- Immune Dynamics and Intravital Microscopy, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Praxen für Nuklearmedizin, 12163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Immune Dynamics and Intravital Microscopy, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic and Functional In Vivo Imaging, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Asylkhan Rakhymzhan
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Lin J, Cheng Z, Yang G, Cui M. Optical gearbox enabled versatile multiscale high-throughput multiphoton functional imaging. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6564. [PMID: 36323707 PMCID: PMC9630539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the function and mechanism of biological systems, it is crucial to observe the cellular dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolutions within live animals. The recent advances in genetically encoded function indicators have significantly improved the response rate to a near millisecond time scale. However, the widely employed in vivo imaging systems often lack the temporal solution to capture the fast biological dynamics. To broadly enable the capability of high-speed in vivo deep-tissue imaging, we developed an optical gearbox. As an add-on module, the optical gearbox can convert the common multiphoton imaging systems for versatile multiscale high-throughput imaging applications. In this work, we demonstrate in vivo 2D and 3D function imaging in mammalian brains at frame rates ranging from 50 to 1000 Hz. The optical gearbox's versatility and compatibility with the widely employed imaging components will be highly valuable to a variety of deep tissue imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianian Lin
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zongyue Cheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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42
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Poitout-Belissent F, Vitsky A, Smith MA, Sirivelu MP. Methodologies and Emerging Technologies for the Evaluation of the Hematopoietic System. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:867-870. [DOI: 10.1177/01926233221128755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematology and bone marrow analysis is central to our understanding of the hematopoietic system and how it responds to insults, and this session presented during the 2022 STP symposium provided a review of current and novel approaches for the evaluation of the hematopoietic system in the context of nonclinical investigations. This publication summarizes the information presented on novel approaches for evaluation of the hematopoietic system using automated hematology analyzers, including details around the quantitative assessment of bone marrow cell suspensions as well as introducing several newly available hematology parameters. It was followed by a discussion on intravital microscopy and live cell imaging and how these methods can assist with de-risking hematopoiesis-associated safety concerns, and a review of recent assays using artificial intelligence for the evaluation of bone marrow.
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43
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Rosenbohm J, Minnick G, Safa BT, Esfahani AM, Jin X, Zhai H, Lavrik NV, Yang R. A multi-material platform for imaging of single cell-cell junctions under tensile load fabricated with two-photon polymerization. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:33. [PMID: 36207557 PMCID: PMC11104271 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a single-cell adhesion micro tensile tester (SCAμTT) fabricated from IP-S photoresin with two-photon polymerization (TPP) for investigating the mechanics of a single cell-cell junction under defined tensile loading. A major limitation of the platform is the autofluorescence of IP-S, the photoresin for TPP fabrication, which significantly increases background signal and makes fluorescent imaging of stretched cells difficult. In this study, we report the design and fabrication of a new SCAμTT platform that mitigates autofluorescence and demonstrate its capability in imaging a single cell pair as its mutual junction is stretched. By employing a two-material design using IP-S and IP-Visio, a photoresin with reduced autofluorescence, we show a significant reduction in autofluorescence of the platform. Further, by integrating apertures onto the substrate with a gold coating, the influence of autofluorescence on imaging is almost completely mitigated. With this new platform, we demonstrate the ability to image a pair of epithelial cells as they are stretched up to 250% strain, allowing us to observe junction rupture and F-actin retraction while simultaneously recording the accumulation of over 800 kPa of stress in the junction. The platform and methodology presented here can potentially enable detailed investigation of the mechanics of and mechanotransduction in cell-cell junctions and improve the design of other TPP platforms in mechanobiology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rosenbohm
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Grayson Minnick
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Bahareh Tajvidi Safa
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Amir Monemian Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Haiwei Zhai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Nickolay V Lavrik
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6054, USA.
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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44
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Zhang J, Wen J, Wang Y, Wang W, Lin W, Wei X, Yang Z. Watt-level gigahertz femtosecond fiber laser system at 920 nm. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4941-4944. [PMID: 36181156 DOI: 10.1364/ol.469446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a watt-level femtosecond fiber laser system at 0.9 µm with a repetition rate of >1 GHz, which is the highest value reported so far for a fundamental mode-locked fiber laser. The fiber laser system is seeded by a fundamental mode-locked fiber laser constructed with a home-made highly Nd3+-doped fiber. After external amplification and pulse compression, an output power of 1.75 W and a pulse duration of 309 fs are obtained. This compact fiber laser system is expected to be a promising laser source for biological applications, particularly two-photon excitation microscopy.
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45
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Cai Y, Wu J, Dai Q. Review on data analysis methods for mesoscale neural imaging in vivo. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:041407. [PMID: 35450225 PMCID: PMC9010663 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.4.041407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mesoscale neural imaging in vivo has gained extreme popularity in neuroscience for its capacity of recording large-scale neurons in action. Optical imaging with single-cell resolution and millimeter-level field of view in vivo has been providing an accumulated database of neuron-behavior correspondence. Meanwhile, optical detection of neuron signals is easily contaminated by noises, background, crosstalk, and motion artifacts, while neural-level signal processing and network-level coordinate are extremely complicated, leading to laborious and challenging signal processing demands. The existing data analysis procedure remains unstandardized, which could be daunting to neophytes or neuroscientists without computational background. Aim: We hope to provide a general data analysis pipeline of mesoscale neural imaging shared between imaging modalities and systems. Approach: We divide the pipeline into two main stages. The first stage focuses on extracting high-fidelity neural responses at single-cell level from raw images, including motion registration, image denoising, neuron segmentation, and signal extraction. The second stage focuses on data mining, including neural functional mapping, clustering, and brain-wide network deduction. Results: Here, we introduce the general pipeline of processing the mesoscale neural images. We explain the principles of these procedures and compare different approaches and their application scopes with detailed discussions about the shortcomings and remaining challenges. Conclusions: There are great challenges and opportunities brought by the large-scale mesoscale data, such as the balance between fidelity and efficiency, increasing computational load, and neural network interpretability. We believe that global circuits on single-neuron level will be more extensively explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyi Cai
- Tsinghua University, Department of Automation, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Tsinghua University, Department of Automation, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Tsinghua University, Department of Automation, Beijing, China
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46
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Willig KI. In vivo super-resolution of the brain - How to visualize the hidden nanoplasticity? iScience 2022; 25:104961. [PMID: 36093060 PMCID: PMC9449647 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has entered most biological laboratories worldwide and its benefit is undisputable. Its application to brain imaging, for example in living mice, enables the study of sub-cellular structural plasticity and brain function directly in a living mammal. The demands of brain imaging on the different super-resolution microscopy techniques (STED, RESOLFT, SIM, ISM) and labeling strategies are discussed here as well as the challenges of the required cranial window preparation. Applications of super-resolution in the anesthetized mouse brain enlighten the stability and plasticity of synaptic nanostructures. These studies show the potential of in vivo super-resolution imaging and justify its application more widely in vivo to investigate the role of nanostructures in memory and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin I Willig
- Group of Optical Nanoscopy in Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany
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47
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Pan C, Winkler F. Insights and opportunities at the crossroads of cancer and neuroscience. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1454-1460. [PMID: 36097070 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biological and pathological importance of mutual interactions between the nervous system and cancer have become increasingly evident. The emerging field of cancer neuroscience aims to decipher key signalling factors of cancer-nervous system crosstalk and to exploit these modulators as targets for improved anticancer therapies. Here we discuss the key achievements in cancer neuroscience research, inspire further interactions on a variety of related research topics, and provide a roadmap for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Pan
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Grienberger C, Giovannucci A, Zeiger W, Portera-Cailliau C. Two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal activity. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:67. [PMID: 38124998 PMCID: PMC10732251 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In vivo two-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) is a technique used for recording neuronal activity in the intact brain. It is based on the principle that, when neurons fire action potentials, intracellular calcium levels rise, which can be detected using fluorescent molecules that bind to calcium. This Primer is designed for scientists who are considering embarking on experiments with 2PCI. We provide the reader with a background on the basic concepts behind calcium imaging and on the reasons why 2PCI is an increasingly powerful and versatile technique in neuroscience. The Primer explains the different steps involved in experiments with 2PCI, provides examples of what ideal preparations should look like and explains how data are analysed. We also discuss some of the current limitations of the technique, and the types of solutions to circumvent them. Finally, we conclude by anticipating what the future of 2PCI might look like, emphasizing some of the analysis pipelines that are being developed and international efforts for data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Grienberger
- Department of Biology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Giovannucci
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William Zeiger
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Portera-Cailliau
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lin ZW, Chen JX, Li TJ, Zhan ZY, Liu M, Li C, Luo AP, Zhou P, Xu WC, Luo ZC. 1.7 µm figure-9 Tm-doped ultrafast fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:32347-32354. [PMID: 36242298 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of multiphoton microscopy is critically dependent on the development of ultrafast laser technologies. The ultrashort pulse laser source at 1.7 µm waveband is attractive for in-depth three-photon imaging owing to the reduced scattering and absorption effects in biological tissues. Herein, we report on a 1.7 µm passively mode-locked figure-9 Tm-doped fiber laser. The nonreciprocal phase shifter that consists of two quarter-wave plates and a Faraday rotator introduces phase bias between the counter-propagating beams in the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. The cavity dispersion is compensated to be slightly positive, enabling the proposed 1.7 µm ultrafast fiber laser to deliver the dissipative soliton with a 3-dB bandwidth of 20 nm. Moreover, the mode-locked spectral bandwidth could be flexibly tuned with different phase biases by rotating the wave plates. The demonstration of figure-9 Tm-doped ultrafast fiber laser would pave the way to develop the robust 1.7 µm ultrashort pulse laser sources, which could find important application for three-photon deep-tissue imaging.
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Woo A, Botta A, Shi SSW, Paus T, Pausova Z. Obesity-Related Neuroinflammation: Magnetic Resonance and Microscopy Imaging of the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8790. [PMID: 35955925 PMCID: PMC9368789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The principal feature of dementia is a loss of neurons and brain atrophy. The mechanistic links between obesity and the neurodegenerative processes of dementias are not fully understood, but recent research suggests that obesity-related systemic inflammation and subsequent neuroinflammation may be involved. Adipose tissues release multiple proinflammatory molecules (fatty acids and cytokines) that impact blood and vessel cells, inducing low-grade systemic inflammation that can transition to tissues, including the brain. Inflammation in the brain-neuroinflammation-is one of key elements of the pathobiology of neurodegenerative disorders; it is characterized by the activation of microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, and by the structural and functional changes of other cells forming the brain parenchyma, including neurons. Such cellular changes have been shown in animal models with direct methods, such as confocal microscopy. In humans, cellular changes are less tangible, as only indirect methods such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are usually used. In these studies, obesity and low-grade systemic inflammation have been associated with lower volumes of the cerebral gray matter, cortex, and hippocampus, as well as altered tissue MR properties (suggesting microstructural variations in cellular and molecular composition). How these structural variations in the human brain observed using MR imaging relate to the cellular variations in the animal brain seen with microscopy is not well understood. This review describes the current understanding of neuroinflammation in the context of obesity-induced systemic inflammation, and it highlights need for the bridge between animal microscopy and human MR imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Woo
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Amy Botta
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sammy S. W. Shi
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Tomas Paus
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- ECOGENE-21, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- ECOGENE-21, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 7K9, Canada
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