1
|
Zhu K, Wang H, Ye K, Chen G, Zhang Z. Netrin-1 signaling pathway mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:960-972. [PMID: 38989931 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development. Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic function. Increasing amounts of evidence highlight several key points: (1) Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progression in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and potentially, similar alterations occur in humans. (2) Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals' susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders. (3) Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function. (4) Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of cancers. These findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative diseases. Through a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways, our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hualong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Heibei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The midbrain dopamine (mDA) system is composed of molecularly and functionally distinct neuron subtypes that mediate specific behaviours and are linked to various brain diseases. Considerable progress has been made in identifying mDA neuron subtypes, and recent work has begun to unveil how these neuronal subtypes develop and organize into functional brain structures. This progress is important for further understanding the disparate physiological functions of mDA neurons and their selective vulnerability in disease, and will ultimately accelerate therapy development. This Review discusses recent advances in our understanding of molecularly defined mDA neuron subtypes and their circuits, ranging from early developmental events, such as neuron migration and axon guidance, to their wiring and function, and future implications for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lo PS, Rymar VV, Kennedy TE, Sadikot AF. The Netrin-1 Receptor DCC Promotes the Survival of a Subpopulation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons: Relevance for Ageing and Parkinson's Disease. J Neurochem 2022; 161:254-265. [PMID: 35118677 PMCID: PMC9305203 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that determine the survival of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons in the adult central nervous system (CNS) are not fully understood. Netrins are a family of secreted proteins that are essential for normal neural development. In the mature CNS, mDA neurons express particularly high levels of netrin‐1 and its receptor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC). Recent findings indicate that overexpressing netrin‐1 protects mDA neurons in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), with a proposed pro‐apoptotic dependence function for DCC that triggers cell death in the absence of a ligand. Here, we sought to determine if DCC expression influences mDA neuron survival in young adult and ageing mice. To circumvent the perinatal lethality of DCC null mice, we selectively deleted DCC from mDA neurons utilizing DATcre/loxP gene‐targeting and examined neuronal survival in adult and aged animals. Reduced numbers of mDA neurons were detected in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of young adult DATcre/DCCfl/fl mice, with further reduction in aged DATcre/DCCfl/fl animals. In contrast to young adults, aged mice also exhibited a gene dosage effect, with fewer SNc mDA neurons in DCC heterozygotes (DATcre/DCCfl/wt). Notably, loss of mDA neurons in the SN was not uniform. Neuronal loss in the SN was limited to ventral tier mDA neurons, while mDA neurons in the dorsal tier of the SN, which resist degeneration in PD, were spared from the effect of DCC deletion in both young and aged mice. In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), young adult mice with conditional deletion of DCC had normal mDA neuronal numbers, while significant loss occurred in aged DATcre/DCCfl/fl and DATcre/DCCfl/wt mice compared to age‐matched wild‐type mice. Our results indicate that expression of DCC is required for the survival of subpopulations of mDA neurons and may be relevant to the degenerative processes in PD.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pik-Shan Lo
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.,Cone Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vladimir V Rymar
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.,Cone Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Abbas F Sadikot
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.,Cone Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Freeman AK, Glendining KA, Jasoni CL. Developmental genes controlling neural circuit formation are expressed in the early postnatal hypothalamus and cellular lining of the third ventricle. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13020. [PMID: 34423876 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is central in the regulation of body weight homeostasis through its ability to sense peripheral metabolic signals and relay them, through neural circuits, to other brain areas, ultimately affecting physiological and behavioural changes. The early postnatal development of these neural circuits is critical for normal body weight homeostasis, such that perturbations during this critical period can lead to obesity. The role for peripheral regulators of body weight homeostasis, including leptin, insulin and ghrelin, in this postnatal development is well described, yet some of the fundamental processes underpinning axonal and dendritic growth remain unclear. Here, we hypothesised that molecules known to regulate axonal and dendritic growth processes in other areas of the developing brain would be expressed in the postnatal arcuate nucleus and/or target nuclei where they would function to mediate the development of this circuitry. Using state-of-the-art RNAscope® technology, we have revealed the expression patterns of genes encoding Dcc/Netrin-1, Robo1/Slit1 and Fzd5/Wnt5a receptor/ligand pairs in the early postnatal mouse hypothalamus. We found that individual genes had unique expression patterns across developmental time in the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, median eminence and, somewhat unexpectedly, the third ventricle epithelium. These observations indicate a number of new molecular players in the development of neural circuits regulating body weight homeostasis, as well as novel molecular markers of tanycyte heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Katherine Freeman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kelly A Glendining
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo D, Zhang C, Fu L, Zhang Y, Hu YQ. A novel similarity score based on gene ranks to reveal genetic relationships among diseases. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10576. [PMID: 33505797 PMCID: PMC7796663 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of similarities among diseases can contribute to uncovering common genetic mechanisms. Based on ranked gene lists, a couple of similarity measures were proposed in the literature. Notice that they may suffer from the determination of cutoff or heavy computational load, we propose a novel similarity score SimSIP among diseases based on gene ranks. Simulation studies under various scenarios demonstrate that SimSIP has better performance than existing rank-based similarity measures. Application of SimSIP in gene expression data of 18 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas shows that SimSIP is superior in clarifying the genetic relationships among diseases and demonstrates the tendency to cluster the histologically or anatomically related cancers together, which is analogous to the pan-cancer studies. Moreover, SimSIP with simpler form and faster computation is more robust for higher levels of noise than existing methods and provides a basis for future studies on genetic relationships among diseases. In addition, a measure MAG is developed to gauge the magnitude of association of anindividual gene with diseases. By using MAG the genes and biological processes significantly associated with colorectal cancer are detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Information and Computing Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuening Zhang
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jasmin M, Ahn EH, Voutilainen MH, Fombonne J, Guix C, Viljakainen T, Kang SS, Yu LY, Saarma M, Mehlen P, Ye K. Netrin-1 and its receptor DCC modulate survival and death of dopamine neurons and Parkinson's disease features. EMBO J 2020; 40:e105537. [PMID: 33351190 PMCID: PMC7849168 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The netrin-1/DCC ligand/receptor pair has key roles in central nervous system (CNS) development, mediating axonal, and neuronal navigation. Although expression of netrin-1 and DCC is maintained in the adult brain, little is known about their role in mature neurons. Notably, netrin-1 is highly expressed in the adult substantia nigra, leading us to investigate a role of the netrin-1/DCC pair in adult nigral neuron fate. Here, we show that silencing netrin-1 in the adult substantia nigra of mice induces DCC cleavage and a significant loss of dopamine neurons, resulting in motor deficits. Because loss of adult dopamine neurons and motor impairments are features of Parkinson's disease (PD), we studied the potential impact of netrin-1 in different animal models of PD. We demonstrate that both overexpression of netrin-1 and brain administration of recombinant netrin-1 are neuroprotective and neurorestorative in mouse and rat models of PD. Of interest, we observed that netrin-1 levels are significantly reduced in PD patient brain samples. These results highlight the key role of netrin-1 in adult dopamine neuron fate, and the therapeutic potential of targeting netrin-1 signaling in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Jasmin
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanna Fombonne
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Guix
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Tuulikki Viljakainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Li-Ying Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soleilhavoup C, Travaglio M, Patrick K, Garção P, Boobalan E, Adolfs Y, Spriggs RV, Moles-Garcia E, Dhiraj D, Oosterveen T, Ferri SL, Abel T, Brodkin ES, Pasterkamp RJ, Brooks BP, Panman L. Nolz1 expression is required in dopaminergic axon guidance and striatal innervation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3111. [PMID: 32561725 PMCID: PMC7305235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) axons make long longitudinal projections towards the striatum. Despite the importance of DA striatal innervation, processes involved in establishment of DA axonal connectivity remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a striatal-specific requirement of transcriptional regulator Nolz1 in establishing DA circuitry formation. DA projections are misguided and fail to innervate the striatum in both constitutive and striatal-specific Nolz1 mutant embryos. The lack of striatal Nolz1 expression results in nigral to pallidal lineage conversion of striatal projection neuron subtypes. This lineage switch alters the composition of secreted factors influencing DA axonal tract formation and renders the striatum non-permissive for dopaminergic and other forebrain tracts. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and Nolz1−/− mutant striatal tissue led to the identification of several secreted factors that underlie the observed guidance defects and proteins that promote DA axonal outgrowth. Together, our data demonstrate the involvement of the striatum in orchestrating dopaminergic circuitry formation. The mechanisms regulating midbrain dopaminergic innervation during development are unclear. Here, the authors showed that Nolz1 is required for axonal guidance of dopaminergic neurons during embryonic development of the mouse brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clement Soleilhavoup
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Marco Travaglio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Kieran Patrick
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Pedro Garção
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Elangovan Boobalan
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth V Spriggs
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Emma Moles-Garcia
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Dalbir Dhiraj
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Tony Oosterveen
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Sarah L Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Edward S Brodkin
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, USA
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lia Panman
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brignani S, Raj DDA, Schmidt ERE, Düdükcü Ö, Adolfs Y, De Ruiter AA, Rybiczka-Tesulov M, Verhagen MG, van der Meer C, Broekhoven MH, Moreno-Bravo JA, Grossouw LM, Dumontier E, Cloutier JF, Chédotal A, Pasterkamp RJ. Remotely Produced and Axon-Derived Netrin-1 Instructs GABAergic Neuron Migration and Dopaminergic Substantia Nigra Development. Neuron 2020; 107:684-702.e9. [PMID: 32562661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The midbrain dopamine (mDA) system is composed of molecularly and functionally distinct neuron subtypes that mediate specific behaviors and show select disease vulnerability, including in Parkinson's disease. Despite progress in identifying mDA neuron subtypes, how these neuronal subsets develop and organize into functional brain structures remains poorly understood. Here we generate and use an intersectional genetic platform, Pitx3-ITC, to dissect the mechanisms of substantia nigra (SN) development and implicate the guidance molecule Netrin-1 in the migration and positioning of mDA neuron subtypes in the SN. Unexpectedly, we show that Netrin-1, produced in the forebrain and provided to the midbrain through axon projections, instructs the migration of GABAergic neurons into the ventral SN. This migration is required to confine mDA neurons to the dorsal SN. These data demonstrate that neuron migration can be controlled by remotely produced and axon-derived secreted guidance cues, a principle that is likely to apply more generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brignani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Divya D A Raj
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ewoud R E Schmidt
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Özge Düdükcü
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna A De Ruiter
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mateja Rybiczka-Tesulov
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke G Verhagen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan van der Meer
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark H Broekhoven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juan A Moreno-Bravo
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Laurens M Grossouw
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emilie Dumontier
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Alain Chédotal
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boyer NP, McCormick LE, Menon S, Urbina FL, Gupton SL. A pair of E3 ubiquitin ligases compete to regulate filopodial dynamics and axon guidance. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2019; 219:132731. [PMID: 31820781 PMCID: PMC7039193 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate axon guidance is necessary to form accurate neuronal connections. Axon guidance cues that stimulate cytoskeletal reorganization within the growth cone direct axon navigation. Filopodia at the growth cone periphery have long been considered sensors for axon guidance cues, yet how they respond to extracellular cues remains ill defined. Our previous work found that the filopodial actin polymerase VASP and consequently filopodial stability are negatively regulated via nondegradative TRIM9-dependent ubiquitination. Appropriate VASP ubiquitination and deubiquitination are required for axon turning in response to the guidance cue netrin-1. Here we show that the TRIM9-related protein TRIM67 outcompetes TRIM9 for interacting with VASP and antagonizes TRIM9-dependent VASP ubiquitination. The surprising antagonistic roles of two closely related E3 ubiquitin ligases are required for netrin-1-dependent filopodial responses, axon turning and branching, and fiber tract formation. We suggest a novel model in which coordinated regulation of VASP ubiquitination by a pair of interfering ligases is a critical element of VASP dynamics, filopodial stability, and axon guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Boyer
- Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Laura E. McCormick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shalini Menon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fabio L. Urbina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stephanie L. Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Correspondence to Stephanie L. Gupton:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kang DS, Kim IS, Baik JH, Kim D, Cocco L, Suh PG. The function of PLCγ1 in developing mouse mDA system. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100654. [PMID: 31558431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During neural development, growing neuronal cells consistently sense and communicate with their surroundings through the use of signaling molecules. In this process, spatiotemporally well-coordinated intracellular signaling is a prerequisite for proper neuronal network formation. Thus, intense interest has focused on investigating the signaling mechanisms in neuronal structure formation that link the activation of receptors to the control of cell shape and motility. Recent studies suggest that Phospholipase C gamma1 (PLCγ1), a signal transducer, plays key roles in nervous system development by mediating specific ligand-receptor systems. In this overview of the most recent advances in the field, we discuss the mechanisms by which extracellular stimuli trigger PLCγ1 signaling and, the role PLCγ1 in nervous system development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Du-Seock Kang
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Il Shin Kim
- UNIST Central Research Facility, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.
| | - Ja-Hyun Baik
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Daesoo Kim
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea; Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghosh B, Zhang C, Ziemba KS, Fletcher AM, Yurek DM, Smith GM. Partial Reconstruction of the Nigrostriatal Circuit along a Preformed Molecular Guidance Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 14:217-227. [PMID: 31417940 PMCID: PMC6690717 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The overall goal of our research is to establish a preformed molecular guidance pathway to direct the growth of dopaminergic axons from embryonic ventral mesencephalon (VM), tissue placed within the substantia nigra (SN), into the striatum to reconstruct the nigrostriatal pathway in a hemi-Parkinson's disease rat model. Guidance pathways were prepared by injecting lentivirus encoding either GFP or a combination of glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) with either GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1) or netrin1. In another cohort of animals, adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was injected within the striatum after guidance pathway formation. GDNF combined with either GFRα1 or netrin significantly increased growth of dopaminergic axons out of transplants and along the pathway, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of amphetamine-induced rotations. Retrograde tract tracing showed that the dopaminergic axons innervating the striatum were from A9 neurons within the transplant. Increased dopaminergic innervation of the striatum and improved behavioral recovery were observed with the addition of BDNF. Preformed guidance pathways using a combination of GDNF and netrin1 can be used to reconstruct the nigrostriatal pathway and improve motor recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswarup Ghosh
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kristine S. Ziemba
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Anita M. Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - David M. Yurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and University of Kentucky Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - George M. Smith
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding author: George M. Smith, Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad St., MERB 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vaswani AR, Weykopf B, Hagemann C, Fried HU, Brüstle O, Blaess S. Correct setup of the substantia nigra requires Reelin-mediated fast, laterally-directed migration of dopaminergic neurons. eLife 2019; 8:41623. [PMID: 30689541 PMCID: PMC6349407 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons migrate to form the laterally-located substantia nigra pars compacta (SN) and medially-located ventral tegmental area (VTA), but little is known about the underlying cellular and molecular processes. Here we visualize the dynamic cell morphologies of tangentially migrating SN-mDA neurons in 3D and identify two distinct migration modes. Slow migration is the default mode in SN-mDA neurons, while fast, laterally-directed migration occurs infrequently and is strongly associated with bipolar cell morphology. Tangential migration of SN-mDA neurons is altered in absence of Reelin signaling, but it is unclear whether Reelin acts directly on migrating SN-mDA neurons and how it affects their cell morphology and migratory behavior. By specifically inactivating Reelin signaling in mDA neurons we demonstrate its direct role in SN-mDA tangential migration. Reelin promotes laterally-biased movements in mDA neurons during their slow migration mode, stabilizes leading process morphology and increases the probability of fast, laterally-directed migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Ravi Vaswani
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatrice Weykopf
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hagemann
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Fried
- Light Microscope Facility, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
García-Peña CM, Ávila-González D, Miquelajáuregui A, Lozano-Flores C, Mastick GS, Tamariz E, Varela-Echavarría A. Neurophilic Descending Migration of Dorsal Midbrain Neurons Into the Hindbrain. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:96. [PMID: 30483071 PMCID: PMC6243072 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotypic cell migrations in the developing brain are fundamental for the proper patterning of brain regions and formation of neural networks. In this work, we uncovered in the developing rat, a population of neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) that migrates posteriorly from the alar plate of the midbrain, in neurophilic interaction with axons of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. A fraction of this population was also shown to traverse the mid-hindbrain boundary, reaching the vicinity of the locus coeruleus (LC) in rhombomere 1 (r1). This migratory population, however, does not have a noradrenergic (NA) phenotype and, in keeping with its midbrain origin, expresses Otx2 which is down regulated upon migration into the hindbrain. The interaction with the trigeminal mesencephalic axons is necessary for the arrangement and distribution of migratory cells as these aspects are dramatically altered in whole embryo cultures upon disruption of trigeminal axon projection by interfering with DCC function. Moreover, in mouse embryos in an equivalent developmental stage, we detected a cell population that also migrates caudally within the midbrain apposed to mesencephalic trigeminal axons but that does not express TH; a fraction of this population expresses calbindin instead. Overall, our work identified TH-expressing neurons from the rat midbrain alar plate that migrate tangentially over long distances within the midbrain and into the hindbrain by means of a close interaction with trigeminal mesencephalic axons. A different migratory population in this region and also in mouse embryos revealed diversity among the cells that follow this descending migratory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M García-Peña
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Daniela Ávila-González
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Amaya Miquelajáuregui
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Carlos Lozano-Flores
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Grant S Mastick
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Elisa Tamariz
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Alfredo Varela-Echavarría
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kang DS, Yang YR, Lee C, Park B, Park KI, Seo JK, Seo YK, Cho H, Lucio C, Suh PG. Netrin-1/DCC-mediated PLCγ1 activation is required for axon guidance and brain structure development. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846250. [PMID: 30224412 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated expression of guidance molecules and their signal transduction are critical for correct brain wiring. Previous studies have shown that phospholipase C gamma1 (PLCγ1), a signal transducer of receptor tyrosine kinases, plays a specific role in the regulation of neuronal cell morphology and motility in vitro However, several questions remain regarding the extracellular stimulus that triggers PLCγ1 signaling and the exact role PLCγ1 plays in nervous system development. Here, we demonstrate that PLCγ1 mediates axonal guidance through a netrin-1/deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) complex. Netrin-1/DCC activates PLCγ1 through Src kinase to induce actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Neuronal progenitor-specific knockout of Plcg1 in mice causes axon guidance defects in the dorsal part of the mesencephalon during embryogenesis. Adult Plcg1-deficient mice exhibit structural alterations in the corpus callosum, substantia innominata, and olfactory tubercle. These results suggest that PLCγ1 plays an important role in the correct development of white matter structure by mediating netrin-1/DCC signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Du-Seock Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea.,College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - BumWoo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- UNIST Central Research Facility, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young Kyo Seo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - HyungJoon Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Cocco Lucio
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carruthers RD, Ahmed SU, Ramachandran S, Strathdee K, Kurian KM, Hedley A, Gomez-Roman N, Kalna G, Neilson M, Gilmour L, Stevenson KH, Hammond EM, Chalmers AJ. Replication Stress Drives Constitutive Activation of the DNA Damage Response and Radioresistance in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5060-5071. [PMID: 29976574 PMCID: PMC6128404 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary brain tumor characterized by treatment resistance and inevitable tumor recurrence, both of which are driven by a subpopulation of GBM cancer stem-like cells (GSC) with tumorigenic and self-renewal properties. Despite having broad implications for understanding GSC phenotype, the determinants of upregulated DNA-damage response (DDR) and subsequent radiation resistance in GSC are unknown and represent a significant barrier to developing effective GBM treatments. In this study, we show that constitutive DDR activation and radiation resistance are driven by high levels of DNA replication stress (RS). CD133+ GSC exhibited reduced DNA replication velocity and a higher frequency of stalled replication forks than CD133- non-GSC in vitro; immunofluorescence studies confirmed these observations in a panel of orthotopic xenografts and human GBM specimens. Exposure of non-GSC to low-level exogenous RS generated radiation resistance in vitro, confirming RS as a novel determinant of radiation resistance in tumor cells. GSC exhibited DNA double-strand breaks, which colocalized with "replication factories" and RNA: DNA hybrids. GSC also demonstrated increased expression of long neural genes (>1 Mbp) containing common fragile sites, supporting the hypothesis that replication/transcription collisions are the likely cause of RS in GSC. Targeting RS by combined inhibition of ATR and PARP (CAiPi) provided GSC-specific cytotoxicity and complete abrogation of GSC radiation resistance in vitro These data identify RS as a cancer stem cell-specific target with significant clinical potential.Significance: These findings shed new light on cancer stem cell biology and reveal novel therapeutics with the potential to improve clinical outcomes by overcoming inherent radioresistance in GBM. Cancer Res; 78(17); 5060-71. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Carruthers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Shafiq U Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Shaliny Ramachandran
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Strathdee
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Department of Neuropathology, Brain Tumour Research Group, Frenchay Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Natividad Gomez-Roman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Neilson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Gilmour
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina H Stevenson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Boyer NP, Gupton SL. Revisiting Netrin-1: One Who Guides (Axons). Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:221. [PMID: 30108487 PMCID: PMC6080411 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper patterning of the nervous system requires that developing axons find appropriate postsynaptic partners; this entails microns to meters of extension through an extracellular milieu exhibiting a wide range of mechanical and chemical properties. Thus, the elaborate networks of fiber tracts and non-fasciculated axons evident in mature organisms are formed via complex pathfinding. The macroscopic structures of axon projections are highly stereotyped across members of the same species, indicating precise mechanisms guide their formation. The developing axon exhibits directionally biased growth toward or away from external guidance cues. One of the most studied guidance cues is netrin-1, however, its presentation in vivo remains debated. Guidance cues can be secreted to form soluble or chemotactic gradients or presented bound to cells or the extracellular matrix to form haptotactic gradients. The growth cone, a highly specialized dynamic structure at the end of the extending axon, detects these guidance cues via transmembrane receptors, such as the netrin-1 receptors deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and UNC5. These receptors orchestrate remodeling of the cytoskeleton and cell membrane through both chemical and mechanotransductive pathways, which result in traction forces generated by the cytoskeleton against the extracellular environment and translocation of the growth cone. Through intracellular signaling responses, netrin-1 can trigger either attraction or repulsion of the axon. Here we review the mechanisms by which the classical guidance cue netrin-1 regulates intracellular effectors to respond to the extracellular environment in the context of axon guidance during development of the central nervous system and discuss recent findings that demonstrate the critical importance of mechanical forces in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Boyer
- Neurobiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun Y, Ye L, Zheng Y, Yang Z. Identification of crucial genes associated with Parkinson's disease using microarray data. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3775-3782. [PMID: 29257331 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine potential crucial genes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in addition to the interactions and regulators of these genes. The chip data (GSE7621) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and standardized using the robust multi‑array average in the Affy package of R software. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then screened using the Samr package with a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 and |log2 fold change (FC)|>1. Crucial PD‑associated genes were predicted using the Genetic Association Database in the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and sequence alignment. Furthermore, transcription factors (TFs) of the crucial PD‑associated genes were predicted, and protein‑protein interactions (PPIs) between the crucial PD‑associated genes were analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins. Additionally, another dataset of PD was used to validate the expression of crucial PD‑associated genes. A total of 670 DEGs (398 upregulated and 272 downregulated genes) were identified in the PD samples. Of these, 10 DEGs enriched in pathways associated with the nervous system were predicted to be crucial in PD, including C‑X‑C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and NCL adaptor protein 2 (NCK2). All 10 genes were associated with neuron development and differentiation. They were simultaneously modulated by multiple TFs, including GATA, E2F and E4 promoter‑binding protein 4. The PPI networks showed that DCC and CXCR4 were hub proteins. The DCC‑netrin 1‑roundabout guidance receptor 2‑slit guidance ligand 1 interaction pathway, and several genes, including TOX high mobility group box family member 4, kinase insert domain receptor and zymogen granule protein 16B, which interacted with CXCR4, were novel findings. Additionally, CXCR4 and NCK2 were upregulated in another dataset (GSE8397) of PD. These genes, interactions of proteins and TFs may be important in the progression of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zichao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Toque HA, Fernandez-Flores A, Mohamed R, Caldwell RB, Ramesh G, Caldwell RW. Netrin-1 is a novel regulator of vascular endothelial function in diabetes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186734. [PMID: 29059224 PMCID: PMC5653335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netrin-1, a secreted laminin-like protein identified as an axon guidance molecule, has been shown to be of critical importance in the cardiovascular system. Recent studies have revealed pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of netrin-1 as well as cardioprotective actions against myocardial injury in diabetic mice. AIM To examine the role of netrin-1 in diabetes-and high glucose (HG)-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) using netrin-1 transgenic mice (Tg3) and cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). MAIN OUTCOME Overexpression of netrin-1 prevented diabetes-induced VED in aorta from diabetic mice and netrin-1 treatment attenuated HG-induced impairment of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) function in BAECs. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were performed in Tg3 and littermate control (WT) mice rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ) and in BAECs treated with HG (25 mmol/L). Levels of netrin-1 and its receptor DCC, markers of inflammation and apoptosis and vascular function were assessed in aortas from diabetic and non-diabetic Tg3 and WT mice. Vascular netrin-1 in WT mice was reduced under diabetic conditions. Aortas from non-diabetic Tg3 and WT mice showed similar maximum endothelium-dependent relaxation (MEDR) (83% and 87%, respectively). MEDR was markedly impaired in aorta from diabetic WT mice (51%). This effect was significantly blunted in Tg3 diabetic aortas (70%). Improved vascular relaxation in Tg3 diabetic mice was associated with increased levels of phospho-ERK1/2 and reduced levels of oxidant stress, NFκB, COX-2, p16INK4A, cleaved caspase-3 and p16 and p53 mRNA. Netrin-1 treatment prevented the HG-induced decrease in NO production and elevation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in BAECs. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes decreases aortic levels of netrin-1. However, overexpression of netrin-1 attenuates diabetes-induced VED and limits the reduction of NO levels, while increasing expression of p-ERK1/2, and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory and apoptotic processes. Enhancement of netrin-1 function may be a useful therapeutic means for preventing vascular dysfunction in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo A. Toque
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Aracely Fernandez-Flores
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Riyaz Mohamed
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ganesan Ramesh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - R. William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chabrat A, Brisson G, Doucet-Beaupré H, Salesse C, Schaan Profes M, Dovonou A, Akitegetse C, Charest J, Lemstra S, Côté D, Pasterkamp RJ, Abrudan MI, Metzakopian E, Ang SL, Lévesque M. Transcriptional repression of Plxnc1 by Lmx1a and Lmx1b directs topographic dopaminergic circuit formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:933. [PMID: 29038581 PMCID: PMC5643336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons play central roles in the regulation of a wide range of brain functions, including voluntary movement and behavioral processes. These functions are served by distinct subtypes of mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the ventral tegmental area, which form the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical pathways. Until now, mechanisms involved in dopaminergic circuit formation remained largely unknown. Here, we show that Lmx1a, Lmx1b, and Otx2 transcription factors control subtype-specific mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons and their appropriate axon innervation. Our results revealed that the expression of Plxnc1, an axon guidance receptor, is repressed by Lmx1a/b and enhanced by Otx2. We also found that Sema7a/Plxnc1 interactions are responsible for the segregation of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways. These findings identify Lmx1a/b, Otx2, and Plxnc1 as determinants of dopaminergic circuit formation and should assist in engineering mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons capable of regenerating appropriate connections for cell therapy.Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAs) in the VTA and SNpc project to different regions and form distinct circuits. Here the authors show that transcription factors Lmx1a, Lmx1b, and Otx2 control the axon guidance of mDAs and the segregation of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Chabrat
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3
| | - Guillaume Brisson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3
| | - Hélène Doucet-Beaupré
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3
| | - Charleen Salesse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3
| | - Marcos Schaan Profes
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3
| | - Axelle Dovonou
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3
| | - Cléophace Akitegetse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3
| | - Julien Charest
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3
| | - Suzanne Lemstra
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Côté
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3
- Département de Physique, Genie Physique et Optique, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monica I Abrudan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Siew-Lan Ang
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Martin Lévesque
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Francardo V, Schmitz Y, Sulzer D, Cenci MA. Neuroprotection and neurorestoration as experimental therapeutics for Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:137-147. [PMID: 28988910 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disease-modifying treatments remain an unmet medical need in Parkinson's disease (PD). Such treatments can be operationally defined as interventions that slow down the clinical evolution to advanced disease milestones. A treatment may achieve this outcome by either inhibiting primary neurodegenerative events ("neuroprotection") or boosting compensatory and regenerative mechanisms in the brain ("neurorestoration"). Here we review experimental paradigms that are currently used to assess the neuroprotective and neurorestorative potential of candidate treatments in animal models of PD. We review some key molecular mediators of neuroprotection and neurorestoration in the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway that are likely to exert beneficial effects on multiple neural systems affected in PD. We further review past and current strategies to therapeutically stimulate these mediators, and discuss the preclinical evidence that exercise training can have neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects. A future translational task will be to combine behavioral and pharmacological interventions to exploit endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotection and neurorestoration for therapeutic purposes. This type of approach is likely to provide benefit to many PD patients, despite the clinical, etiological, and genetic heterogeneity of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Yvonne Schmitz
- Departments Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center: Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center: Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brignani S, Pasterkamp RJ. Neuronal Subset-Specific Migration and Axonal Wiring Mechanisms in the Developing Midbrain Dopamine System. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:55. [PMID: 28740464 PMCID: PMC5502286 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The midbrain dopamine (mDA) system is involved in the control of cognitive and motor behaviors, and is associated with several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. mDA neurons receive diverse afferent inputs and establish efferent connections with many brain areas. Recent studies have unveiled a high level of molecular and cellular heterogeneity within the mDA system with specific subsets of mDA neurons displaying select molecular profiles and connectivity patterns. During mDA neuron development, molecular differences between mDA neuron subsets allow the establishment of subset-specific afferent and efferent connections and functional roles. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent work defining novel mDA neuron subsets based on specific molecular signatures. Then, molecular cues are highlighted that control mDA neuron migration during embryonic development and that facilitate the formation of selective patterns of efferent connections. The review focuses largely on studies that show differences in these mechanisms between different subsets of mDA neurons and for which in vivo data is available, and is concluded by a section that discusses open questions and provides directions for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brignani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - R J Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang X, Xu L, Tian H, Wang C, Wang W, Ru S. Monocrotophos, an organophosphorus insecticide, disrupts the expression of HpNetrin and its receptor neogenin during early development in the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus). Neurotoxicology 2017. [PMID: 28645554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Netrins, chemotropic guidance cues, can guide the extension of serotonergic axons by binding to netrin receptors during neural development. However, little is known about whether disruption of netrin signaling is involved in the mechanisms by which organophosphorus pesticides affect serotonergic nervous system (SNS) development. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the pesticide monocrotophos (MCP) on the expression patterns of HpNetrin and its receptor neogenin as well as on the intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) levels in Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (sea urchin) by exposing fertilized embryos to 0, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00mg/L MCP. The results showed that MCP disrupted HpNetrin and neogenin expression at different developmental stages in H. pulcherrimus and that Ca2+ appeared to be involved in the MCP-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Specifically, the lower concentrations of MCP elevated HpNetrin and neogenin transcription, resulting in higher intracellular Ca2+ levels during the early developmental stages in the sea urchin; this may affect netrin-directed cell migration/axon extension and subsequently disrupt serotonergic axon branching and synapse formation. In contrast, 1.00mg/L MCP exhibited an inhibitory effect on HpNetrin and neogenin transcription. This finding implies that the regulatory roles of these factors may be diminished during early development, thereby causing developmental defects in the sea urchin. Collectively, our results provide a basis for exploring the involvement of netrin and neogenin in the organophosphate-induced disruption of the SNS during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Patthey C, Tong YG, Tait CM, Wilson SI. Evolution of the functionally conserved DCC gene in birds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42029. [PMID: 28240293 PMCID: PMC5327406 DOI: 10.1038/srep42029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the loss of conserved genes is critical for determining how phenotypic diversity is generated. Here we focus on the evolution of DCC, a gene that encodes a highly conserved neural guidance receptor. Disruption of DCC in animal models and humans results in major neurodevelopmental defects including commissural axon defects. Here we examine DCC evolution in birds, which is of particular interest as a major model system in neurodevelopmental research. We found the DCC containing locus was disrupted several times during evolution, resulting in both gene losses and faster evolution rate of salvaged genes. These data suggest that DCC had been lost independently twice during bird evolution, including in chicken and zebra finch, whereas it was preserved in many other closely related bird species, including ducks. Strikingly, we observed that commissural axon trajectory appeared similar regardless of whether DCC could be detected or not. We conclude that the DCC locus is susceptible to genomic instability leading to independent disruptions in different branches of birds and a significant influence on evolution rate. Overall, the phenomenon of loss or molecular evolution of a highly conserved gene without apparent phenotype change is of conceptual importance for understanding molecular evolution of key biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Patthey
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901-87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yong Guang Tong
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901-87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Sara Ivy Wilson
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901-87 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu H, Song X, Wang F, Wang G, Wu Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Yang GY, Zhang Z. Hyperexpressed Netrin-1 Promoted Neural Stem Cells Migration in Mice after Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:223. [PMID: 27746720 PMCID: PMC5042963 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous Netrin-1 (NT-1) protein was significantly increased after cerebral ischemia, which may participate in the repair after transient cerebral ischemic injury. In this work, we explored whether NT-1 can be steadily overexpressed by adeno-associated virus (AAV) and the exogenous NT-1 can promote neural stem cells migration from the subventricular zone (SVZ) region after cerebral ischemia. Adult CD-1 mice were injected stereotacticly with AAV carrying NT-1 gene (AAV-NT-1). Mice underwent 60 min of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion 1 week after injection. We found that NT-1 mainly expressed in neuron and astrocyte, and the expression level of NT-1 significantly increased 1 week after AAV-NT-1 gene transfer and lasted for 28 days, even after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) as well (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry results showed that the number of neural stem cells was greatly increased in the SVZ region of AAV-NT-1-transduced mice compared with control mice. Our study showed that overexpressed NT-1 promoted neural stem cells migration from SVZ. This result suggested that NT-1 is a promising factor for repairing and remodeling after focal cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yuncheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoshu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dragich JM, Kuwajima T, Hirose-Ikeda M, Yoon MS, Eenjes E, Bosco JR, Fox LM, Lystad AH, Oo TF, Yarygina O, Mita T, Waguri S, Ichimura Y, Komatsu M, Simonsen A, Burke RE, Mason CA, Yamamoto A. Autophagy linked FYVE (Alfy/WDFY3) is required for establishing neuronal connectivity in the mammalian brain. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27648578 PMCID: PMC5030082 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of protein degradation is essential for maintaining the appropriate environment to coordinate complex cell signaling events and to promote cellular remodeling. The Autophagy linked FYVE protein (Alfy), previously identified as a molecular scaffold between the ubiquitinated cargo and the autophagic machinery, is highly expressed in the developing central nervous system, indicating that this pathway may have yet unexplored roles in neurodevelopment. To examine this possibility, we used mouse genetics to eliminate Alfy expression. We report that this evolutionarily conserved protein is required for the formation of axonal tracts throughout the brain and spinal cord, including the formation of the major forebrain commissures. Consistent with a phenotype reflecting a failure in axon guidance, the loss of Alfy in mice disrupts localization of glial guidepost cells, and attenuates axon outgrowth in response to Netrin-1. These findings further support the growing indication that macroautophagy plays a key role in the developing CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Dragich
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Takaaki Kuwajima
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Megumi Hirose-Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Michael S Yoon
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Joan R Bosco
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Leora M Fox
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Alf H Lystad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tinmarla F Oo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Olga Yarygina
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Tomohiro Mita
- The Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ichimura
- The Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- The Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert E Burke
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Carol A Mason
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stone TW, Darlington LG, Forrest CM. Dependence receptor involvement in subtilisin-induced long-term depression and in long-term potentiation. Neuroscience 2016; 336:49-62. [PMID: 27590265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease subtilisin induces a form of long-term depression (LTD) which is accompanied by a reduced expression of the axo-dendritic guidance molecule Unco-ordinated-5C (Unc-5C). One objective of the present work was to determine whether a loss of Unc-5C function contributed to subtilisin-induced LTD by using Unc-5C antibodies in combination with the pore-forming agents Triton X-100 (0.005%) or streptolysin O in rat hippocampal slices. In addition we have assessed the effect of subtilisin on the related dependence receptor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and used antibodies to this protein for functional studies. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were analyzed in rat hippocampal slices and protein extracts were used for Western blotting. Subtilisin produced a greater loss of DCC than of Unc-5C, but the antibodies had no effect on resting excitability or fEPSPs and did not modify subtilisin-induced LTD. However, antibodies to DCC but not Unc-5C did reduce the amplitude of theta-burst long-term potentiation (LTP). In addition, two inhibitors of endocytosis - dynasore and tat-gluR2(3Y) - were tested and, although the former compound had no effect on neurophysiological responses, tat-gluR2(3Y) did reduce the amplitude of subtilisin-induced LTD without affecting the expression of DCC or Unc-5C but with some loss of PostSynaptic Density Protein-95. The results support the view that the dependence receptor DCC may be involved in LTP and suggest that the endocytotic removal of a membrane protein or proteins may contribute to subtilisin-induced LTD, although it appears that neither Unc-5C nor DCC are involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Stone
- Institute of Neurosciences and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | | | - Caroline M Forrest
- Institute of Neurosciences and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dcc Mediates Functional Assembly of Peripheral Auditory Circuits. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23799. [PMID: 27040640 PMCID: PMC4819185 DOI: 10.1038/srep23799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper structural organization of spiral ganglion (SG) innervation is crucial for normal hearing function. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental formation of this precise organization remain not well understood. Here, we report in the developing mouse cochlea that deleted in colorectal cancer (Dcc) contributes to the proper organization of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) within the Rosenthal's canal and of SGN projections toward both the peripheral and central auditory targets. In Dcc mutant embryos, mispositioning of SGNs occurred along the peripheral auditory pathway with misrouted afferent fibers and reduced synaptic contacts with hair cells. The central auditory pathway simultaneously exhibited similar defective phenotypes as in the periphery with abnormal exit of SGNs from the Rosenthal's canal towards central nuclei. Furthermore, the axons of SGNs ascending into the cochlear nucleus had disrupted bifurcation patterns. Thus, Dcc is necessary for establishing the proper spatial organization of SGNs and their fibers in both peripheral and central auditory pathways, through controlling axon targeting and cell migration. Our results suggest that Dcc plays an important role in the developmental formation of peripheral and central auditory circuits, and its mutation may contribute to sensorineural hearing loss.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bodea GO, Blaess S. Establishing diversity in the dopaminergic system. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3773-85. [PMID: 26431946 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (MbDNs) modulate cognitive processes, regulate voluntary movement, and encode reward prediction errors and aversive stimuli. While the degeneration of MbDNs underlies the motor defects in Parkinson's disease, imbalances in dopamine levels are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia and substance abuse. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding how MbDNs, which constitute a relatively small neuronal population in the brain, can contribute to such diverse functions and dysfunctions. In particular, important insights have been gained regarding the distinct molecular, neurochemical and network properties of MbDNs. How this diversity of MbDNs is established during brain development is only starting to be unraveled. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the diversity in MbDN progenitors and differentiated MbDNs in the developing rodent brain. We discuss the signaling pathways, transcription factors and transmembrane receptors that contribute to setting up these diverse MbDN subpopulations. A better insight into the processes that establish diversity in MbDNs will ultimately improve the understanding of the architecture and function of the dopaminergic system in the adult brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela O Bodea
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Pathway analysis is a common approach to gain insight from biological experiments. Signaling-pathway impact analysis (SPIA) is one such method and combines both the classical enrichment analysis and the actual perturbation on a given pathway. Because this method focuses on a single pathway, its resolution generally is not very high because the differentially expressed genes may be enriched in a local region of the pathway. In the present work, to identify cancer-related pathways, we incorporated a recent subpathway analysis method into the SPIA method to form the “sub-SPIA method.” The original subpathway analysis uses the k-clique structure to define a subpathway. However, it is not sufficiently flexible to capture subpathways with complex structure and usually results in many overlapping subpathways. We therefore propose using the minimal-spanning-tree structure to find a subpathway. We apply this approach to colorectal cancer and lung cancer datasets, and our results show that sub-SPIA can identify many significant pathways associated with each specific cancer that other methods miss. Based on the entire pathway network in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, we find that the pathways identified by sub-SPIA not only have the largest average degree, but also are more closely connected than those identified by other methods. This result suggests that the abnormality signal propagating through them might be responsible for the specific cancer or disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Molecular underpinnings of prefrontal cortex development in rodents provide insights into the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:795-809. [PMID: 25450230 PMCID: PMC4486649 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC), seat of the highest-order cognitive functions, constitutes a conglomerate of highly specialized brain areas and has been implicated to have a role in the onset and installation of various neurodevelopmental disorders. The development of a properly functioning PFC is directed by transcription factors, guidance cues and other regulatory molecules and requires the intricate and temporal orchestration of a number of developmental processes. Disturbance or failure of any of these processes causing neurodevelopmental abnormalities within the PFC may contribute to several of the cognitive deficits seen in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we elaborate on the specific processes underlying prefrontal development, such as induction and patterning of the prefrontal area, proliferation, migration and axonal guidance of medial prefrontal progenitors, and their eventual efferent and afferent connections. We furthermore integrate for the first time the available knowledge from genome-wide studies that have revealed genes linked to neurodevelopmental disorders with experimental molecular evidence in rodents. The integrated data suggest that the pathogenic variants in the neurodevelopmental disorder-associated genes induce prefrontal cytoarchitectonical impairments. This enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of prefrontal (mis)development underlying the four major neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, that is, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia, and may thus provide clues for the development of novel therapies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development has been an intense area of research during recent years. This is due in part to a growing interest in regenerative medicine and the hope that treatment for diseases affecting mDA neurons, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), might be facilitated by a better understanding of how these neurons are specified, differentiated and maintained in vivo. This knowledge might help to instruct efforts to generate mDA neurons in vitro, which holds promise not only for cell replacement therapy, but also for disease modeling and drug discovery. In this Primer, we will focus on recent developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of mDA neurons in vivo, and how they have been used to generate human mDA neurons in vitro from pluripotent stem cells or from somatic cells via direct reprogramming. Current challenges and future avenues in the development of a regenerative medicine for PD will be identified and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Mark Denham
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - J. Carlos Villaescusa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang H, Shao Q, Qu C, Yang T, Dwyer T, Liu G. Coordinated interaction of Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule and deleted in colorectal cancer with dynamic TUBB3 mediates Netrin-1-induced axon branching. Neuroscience 2015; 293:109-22. [PMID: 25754961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of actin and microtubule (MT) dynamics in neurons is implicated in guidance cue-dependent axon outgrowth, branching and pathfinding. Although the role of MTs in axon guidance has been well known, how extracellular guidance signals engage MT behavior in axon branching remains unclear. Previously, we have shown that TUBB3, the most dynamic β-tubulin isoform in neurons, directly binds to deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) to regulate MT dynamics in Netrin-1-mediated axon guidance. Here, we report that TUBB3 directly interacted with another Netrin-1 receptor Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) and Netrin-1 increased this interaction in primary neurons. MT dynamics were required for Netrin-1-promoted association of DSCAM with TUBB3. Knockdown of either DSCAM or DCC or addition of a function blocking anti-DCC antibody mutually blocked Netrin-1-induced interactions, suggesting that DSCAM interdependently coordinated with DCC in Netrin-1-induced binding to TUBB3. Both DSCAM and DCC were partially colocalized with TUBB3 in the axon branch and the axon branching point of primary neurons and Netrin-1 increased these colocalizations. Netrin-1 induced the interaction of endogenous DSCAM with polymerized TUBB3 in primary neurons and Src family kinases (SFKs) were required for regulating this binding. Knockdown of DSCAM only, DCC only or both was sufficient to block Netrin-1-induced axon branching of E15 mouse cortical neurons. Knocking down TUBB3 inhibited Netrin-1 induced axon branching as well. These results suggest that DSCAM collaborates with DCC to regulate MT dynamics via direct binding to dynamic TUBB3 in Netrin-1-induced axon branching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Q Shao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - C Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - T Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - T Dwyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - G Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schmidt ERE, Brignani S, Adolfs Y, Lemstra S, Demmers J, Vidaki M, Donahoo ALS, Lilleväli K, Vasar E, Richards LJ, Karagogeos D, Kolk SM, Pasterkamp RJ. Subdomain-mediated axon-axon signaling and chemoattraction cooperate to regulate afferent innervation of the lateral habenula. Neuron 2014; 83:372-387. [PMID: 25033181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A dominant feature of neural circuitry is the organization of neuronal projections and synapses into specific brain nuclei or laminae. Lamina-specific connectivity is controlled by the selective expression of extracellular guidance and adhesion molecules in the target field. However, how (sub)nucleus-specific connections are established and whether axon-derived cues contribute to subdomain targeting are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the lateral subnucleus of the habenula (lHb) determines its own afferent innervation by sending out efferent projections that express the cell adhesion molecule LAMP to reciprocally collect and guide dopaminergic afferents to the lHb-a phenomenon we term subdomain-mediated axon-axon signaling. This process of reciprocal axon-axon interactions cooperates with lHb-specific chemoattraction mediated by Netrin-1, which controls axon target entry, to ensure specific innervation of the lHb. We propose that cooperation between pretarget reciprocal axon-axon signaling and subdomain-restricted instructive cues provides a highly precise and general mechanism to establish subdomain-specific neural circuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Roberto Eduard Schmidt
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Brignani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lemstra
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Centre and Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marina Vidaki
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion GR-7110, Greece
| | - Amber-Lee Skye Donahoo
- Queensland Brain Institute and The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Building 79, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Kersti Lilleväli
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Linda Jane Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute and The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Building 79, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion GR-7110, Greece
| | - Sharon Margriet Kolk
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Brunet I, Gordon E, Han J, Cristofaro B, Broqueres-You D, Liu C, Bouvrée K, Zhang J, del Toro R, Mathivet T, Larrivée B, Jagu J, Pibouin-Fragner L, Pardanaud L, Machado MJC, Kennedy TE, Zhuang Z, Simons M, Levy BI, Tessier-Lavigne M, Grenz A, Eltzschig H, Eichmann A. Netrin-1 controls sympathetic arterial innervation. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3230-40. [PMID: 24937433 DOI: 10.1172/jci75181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomic sympathetic nerves innervate peripheral resistance arteries, thereby regulating vascular tone and controlling blood supply to organs. Despite the fundamental importance of blood flow control, how sympathetic arterial innervation develops remains largely unknown. Here, we identified the axon guidance cue netrin-1 as an essential factor required for development of arterial innervation in mice. Netrin-1 was produced by arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) at the onset of innervation, and arterial innervation required the interaction of netrin-1 with its receptor, deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), on sympathetic growth cones. Function-blocking approaches, including cell type-specific deletion of the genes encoding Ntn1 in SMCs and Dcc in sympathetic neurons, led to severe and selective reduction of sympathetic innervation and to defective vasoconstriction in resistance arteries. These findings indicate that netrin-1 and DCC are critical for the control of arterial innervation and blood flow regulation in peripheral organs.
Collapse
|
35
|
García-Peña CM, Kim M, Frade-Pérez D, Avila-González D, Téllez E, Mastick GS, Tamariz E, Varela-Echavarría A. Ascending midbrain dopaminergic axons require descending GAD65 axon fascicles for normal pathfinding. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:43. [PMID: 24926237 PMCID: PMC4046268 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nigrostriatal pathway (NSP) is formed by dopaminergic axons that project from the ventral midbrain to the dorsolateral striatum as part of the medial forebrain bundle. Previous studies have implicated chemotropic proteins in the formation of the NSP during development but little is known of the role of substrate-anchored signals in this process. We observed in mouse and rat embryos that midbrain dopaminergic axons ascend in close apposition to descending GAD65-positive axon bundles throughout their trajectory to the striatum. To test whether such interaction is important for dopaminergic axon pathfinding, we analyzed transgenic mouse embryos in which the GAD65 axon bundle was reduced by the conditional expression of the diphtheria toxin. In these embryos we observed dopaminergic misprojection into the hypothalamic region and abnormal projection in the striatum. In addition, analysis of Robo1/2 and Slit1/2 knockout embryos revealed that the previously described dopaminergic misprojection in these embryos is accompanied by severe alterations in the GAD65 axon scaffold. Additional studies with cultured dopaminergic neurons and whole embryos suggest that NCAM and Robo proteins are involved in the interaction of GAD65 and dopaminergic axons. These results indicate that the fasciculation between descending GAD65 axon bundles and ascending dopaminergic axons is required for the stereotypical NSP formation during brain development and that known guidance cues may determine this projection indirectly by instructing the pathfinding of the axons that are part of the GAD65 axon scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M García-Peña
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, NV, USA
| | - Daniela Frade-Pérez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Daniela Avila-González
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Elisa Téllez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | | | - Elisa Tamariz
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Alfredo Varela-Echavarría
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li J, Duarte T, Kocabas A, Works M, McConnell SK, Hynes MA. Evidence for topographic guidance of dopaminergic axons by differential Netrin-1 expression in the striatum. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 61:85-96. [PMID: 24867253 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There are two main subgroups of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons: the more medially located ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons, which have axons that innervate the ventral-lateral (VL) striatum, and the more laterally located substantia nigra (SN) DA neurons, which preferentially degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD) and have axons that project to the dorsal-medial (DM) striatum. DA axonal projections in the striatum are not discretely localized and they arborize widely, however they do not stray from one zone to the other so that VTA axons remain in the VL zone and SN axons in the DM zone. Here we provide evidence that Netrin-1 acts in a novel fashion to topographically pattern midbrain DA axons into these two striatal zones by means of a gradient of Netrin-1 in the striatum and by differential attraction of the axons to Netrin-1. Midbrain DA neurons are attracted to the striatum in culture and this attraction is blocked by an anti-DCC (Netrin receptor) antibody. Mechanistically, outgrowth of both VTA and SN DA axons is stimulated by Netrin-1, but the two populations of DA axons respond optimally to overlapping but distinct concentrations of Netrin-1, with SN axons preferring lower concentrations and VTA axons preferring higher concentrations. In vivo this differential preference is closely mirrored by differences in Netrin-1 expression in their respective striatal target fields. In vivo in mice lacking Netrin-1, DA axons that reach the striatum fail to segregate into two terminal zones and to fully innervate the striatum. Our results reveal novel actions for Netrin-1 and provide evidence for a mechanism through which DA axons can selectively innervate one of two terminal zones in the striatum but have free reign to arborize widely within a terminal zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Arif Kocabas
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Melissa Works
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Susan K McConnell
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mary A Hynes
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hegarty SV, Collins LM, Gavin AM, Roche SL, Wyatt SL, Sullivan AM, O'Keeffe GW. Canonical BMP-Smad signalling promotes neurite growth in rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Neuromolecular Med 2014; 16:473-89. [PMID: 24682653 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ventral midbrain (VM) dopaminergic (DA) neurons project to the dorsal striatum via the nigrostriatal pathway to regulate voluntary movements, and their loss leads to the motor dysfunction seen in Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite recent progress in the understanding of VM DA neurogenesis, the factors regulating nigrostriatal pathway development remain largely unknown. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family regulates neurite growth in the developing nervous system and may contribute to nigrostriatal pathway development. Two related members of this family, BMP2 and growth differentiation factor (GDF)5, have neurotrophic effects, including promotion of neurite growth, on cultured VM DA neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating their effects on DA neurons are unknown. By characterising the temporal expression profiles of endogenous BMP receptors (BMPRs) in the developing and adult rat VM and striatum, this study identified BMP2 and GDF5 as potential regulators of nigrostriatal pathway development. Furthermore, through the use of noggin, dorsomorphin and BMPR/Smad plasmids, this study demonstrated that GDF5- and BMP2-induced neurite outgrowth from cultured VM DA neurons is dependent on BMP type I receptor activation of the Smad 1/5/8 signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane V Hegarty
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang C, Jin Y, Ziemba KS, Fletcher AM, Ghosh B, Truit E, Yurek DM, Smith GM. Long distance directional growth of dopaminergic axons along pathways of netrin-1 and GDNF. Exp Neurol 2013; 250:156-64. [PMID: 24099728 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Different experimental and clinical strategies have been used to promote survival of transplanted embryonic ventral mesencephalic (VM) neurons. However, few studies have focused on the long-distance growth of dopaminergic axons from VM transplants. The aim of this study is to identify some of the growth and guidance factors that support directed long-distance growth of dopaminergic axons from VM transplants. Lentivirus encoding either glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or netrin-1, or a combination of lenti-GDNF with either lenti-GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα-1) or lenti-netrin-1 was injected to form a gradient along the corpus callosum. Two weeks later, a piece of embryonic day 14 VM tissue was transplanted into the corpus callosum adjacent to the low end of the gradient. Results showed that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH(+)) axons grew a very short distance from the VM transplants in control groups, with few axons reaching the midline. In GDNF or netrin-1 expressing groups, more TH(+) axons grew out of transplants and reached the midline. Pathways co-expressing GDNF with either GFRα-1 or netrin-1 showed significantly increased axonal outgrowth. Interestingly, only the GDNF/netrin-1 combination resulted in the majority of axons reaching the distal target (80%), whereas along the GDNF/GFRα-1 pathway only 20% of the axons leaving the transplant reached the distal target. This technique of long-distance axon guidance may prove to be a useful strategy in reconstructing damaged neuronal circuits, such as the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Poon VY, Choi S, Park M. Growth factors in synaptic function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2013; 5:6. [PMID: 24065916 PMCID: PMC3776238 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2013.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are increasingly recognized as key structures that malfunction in disorders like schizophrenia, mental retardation, and neurodegenerative diseases. The importance and complexity of the synapse has fuelled research into the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. In this regard, neurotrophic factors such as netrin, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and others have gained prominence for their ability to regulate synaptic function. Several of these factors were first implicated in neuroprotection, neuronal growth, and axon guidance. However, their roles in synaptic development and function have become increasingly clear, and the downstream signaling pathways employed by these factors have begun to be elucidated. In this review, we will address the role of these factors and their downstream effectors in synaptic function in vivo and in cultured neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y Poon
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons: a review of the molecular circuitry that regulates their development. Dev Biol 2013; 379:123-38. [PMID: 23603197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral midbrain (VM) play vital roles in the regulation of voluntary movement, emotion and reward. They are divided into the A8, A9 and A10 subgroups. The development of the A9 group of DA neurons is an area of intense investigation to aid the generation of these neurons from stem cell sources for cell transplantation approaches to Parkinson's disease (PD). This review discusses the molecular processes that are involved in the identity, specification, maturation, target innervation and survival of VM DA neurons during development. The complex molecular interactions of a number of genetic pathways are outlined, as well as recent advances in the mechanisms that regulate subset identity within the VM DA neuronal pool. A thorough understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of VM DA neurons will greatly facilitate the use of cell replacement therapy for the treatment of PD.
Collapse
|
41
|
Son TW, Yun SP, Yong MS, Seo BN, Ryu JM, Youn HY, Oh YM, Han HJ. Netrin-1 protects hypoxia-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through HSP27 expression via DCC- and integrin α6β4-dependent Akt, GSK-3β, and HSF-1 in mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e563. [PMID: 23538444 PMCID: PMC3615739 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Netrin (Ntn) has the potential to be successfully applied as an anti-apoptotic agent with a high affinity for tissue, for therapeutic strategies of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSC), although the mechanism by which Ntn-1 protects hypoxic injury has yet to be identified. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of Ntn-1 on hypoxia-induced UCB-MSC apoptosis, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms of its protective effect. Hypoxia (72 h) reduced cell viability (MTT reduction, and [3H]-thymidine incorporation) and cell number, and induced apoptosis (annexin and/or PI positive), which were reversed by Ntn-1 (10 ng/ml). Moreover, Ntn-1 decreased the increase of hypoxia-induced Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and -3, but blocked the decrease of hypoxia-reduced Bcl-2. Next, in order to examine the Ntn-1-related signaling cascade in the protection of hypoxic injury, we analyzed six Ntn receptors in UCB-MSC. We identified deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and integrin (IN) α6β4, except uncoordinated family member (UNC) 5A–C, and neogenin. Among them, IN α6β4 only was detected in lipid raft fractions. In addition, Ntn-1 induced the dissociation of DCC and APPL-1 complex, thereby stimulating the formation of APPL-1 and Akt2 complex. Ntn-1 also reversed the hypoxia-induced decrease of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation, which is involved in heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) expression. Ntn-1-induced phospho-Akt and -GSK-3β were inhibited by DCC function-blocking antibody, IN a6b4 function-blocking antibody, and the Akt inhibitor. Hypoxia and/or Ntn-1 stimulated heat shock protein (HSP)27 expression, which was blocked by HSF-1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, HSP27-specific siRNA reversed the Ntn-1-induced increase of phospho-Akt. Additionally, HSP27-specific siRNA attenuated the Ntn-1-reduced loss of mitochondrial membrane injury via the inhibition of cytochrome c (cyt c) release and formation of cyt c and HSP27 complex. Moreover, the inhibition of each signaling protein attenuated Ntn-1-induced blockage of apoptosis. In conclusion, Ntn-1-induced HSP27 protected hypoxic injury-related UCB-MSC apoptosis through DCC- and IN α6β4-dependent Akt, GSK-3β, and HSF-1 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Son
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Torigoe M, Yamauchi K, Tamada A, Matsuda I, Aiba A, Castellani V, Murakami F. Role of neuropilin-2 in the ipsilateral growth of midbrain dopaminergic axons. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1573-83. [PMID: 23534961 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Axonal projections in the CNS can be categorized as either crossed or uncrossed. Crossing and uncrossing of axons has been explained by attractive and repulsive molecules like Netrin-1 and Slits, which are secreted by midline structures. However, uncrossed projections can be established even in double knockout mice of slit1 and slit2 or of roundabout1 (robo1) and robo2, two receptors for Slits. Here, we found that a novel mechanism mediated by Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2) contributes to the formation of uncrossed projections of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs). Nrp2 transcriptional activities were detected in a subset of mDANs, and its protein was expressed in mDAN axons growing through the ipsilateral diencephalon. In nrp2(lac) (Z) (/lac) (Z) mice, mDAN axons aberrantly grew toward the ventral midline and even crossed it, suggesting that Nrp2 is necessary for the development of mDAN ipsilateral projections. We investigated the involvement of Semaphorin 3B (Sema3B) and Sema3F, two ligands of Nrp2, by analysing mDAN axon trajectories in single or double knockout mice. In both cases, mDAN axons still projected ipsilaterally, suggesting the involvement mechanisms independent of these Sema3s. Nrp2-deficient mDAN axons retained their responsiveness to Slit2, demonstrating that aberrant mDAN axons in nrp2(lac) (Z) (/lac) (Z) mice were not indirectly mediated by alterations in Slit/Robo signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that a novel mechanism mediated by Nrp2 contributes to the establishment of uncrossed projections by mDAN axons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makio Torigoe
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Serotonergic neurosecretory synapse targeting is controlled by netrin-releasing guidepost neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurosci 2013; 33:1366-76. [PMID: 23345213 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3471-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosecretory release sites lack distinct postsynaptic partners, yet target to specific circuits. This targeting specificity regulates local release of neurotransmitters and modulation of adjacent circuits. How neurosecretory release sites target to specific regions is not understood. Here we identify a molecular mechanism that governs the spatial specificity of extrasynaptic neurosecretory terminal (ENT) formation in the serotonergic neurosecretory-motor (NSM) neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that postembryonic arborization and neurosecretory terminal targeting of the C. elegans NSM neuron is dependent on the Netrin receptor UNC-40/DCC. We observe that UNC-40 localizes to specific neurosecretory terminals at the time of axon arbor formation. This localization is dependent on UNC-6/Netrin, which is expressed by nerve ring neurons that act as guideposts to instruct local arbor and release site formation. We find that both UNC-34/Enabled and MIG-10/Lamellipodin are required downstream of UNC-40 to link the sites of ENT formation to nascent axon arbor extensions. Our findings provide a molecular link between release site development and axon arborization and introduce a novel mechanism that governs the spatial specificity of serotonergic ENTs in vivo.
Collapse
|
44
|
Stavoe AKH, Nelson JC, Martínez-Velázquez LA, Klein M, Samuel ADT, Colón-Ramos DA. Synaptic vesicle clustering requires a distinct MIG-10/Lamellipodin isoform and ABI-1 downstream from Netrin. Genes Dev 2012; 26:2206-21. [PMID: 23028145 DOI: 10.1101/gad.193409.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemotrophic factor Netrin can simultaneously instruct different neurodevelopmental programs in individual neurons in vivo. How neurons correctly interpret the Netrin signal and undergo the appropriate neurodevelopmental response is not understood. Here we identify MIG-10 isoforms as critical determinants of individual cellular responses to Netrin. We determined that distinct MIG-10 isoforms, varying only in their N-terminal motifs, can localize to specific subcellular domains and are differentially required for discrete neurodevelopmental processes in vivo. We identified MIG-10B as an isoform uniquely capable of localizing to presynaptic regions and instructing synaptic vesicle clustering in response to Netrin. MIG-10B interacts with Abl-interacting protein-1 (ABI-1)/Abi1, a component of the WAVE complex, to organize the actin cytoskeleton at presynaptic sites and instruct vesicle clustering through SNN-1/Synapsin. We identified a motif in the MIG-10B N-terminal domain that is required for its function and localization to presynaptic sites. With this motif, we engineered a dominant-negative MIG-10B construct that disrupts vesicle clustering and animal thermotaxis behavior when expressed in a single neuron in vivo. Our findings indicate that the unique N-terminal domains confer distinct MIG-10 isoforms with unique capabilities to localize to distinct subcellular compartments, organize the actin cytoskeleton at these sites, and instruct distinct Netrin-dependent neurodevelopmental programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K H Stavoe
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Miyoshi G, Fishell G. Dynamic FoxG1 expression coordinates the integration of multipolar pyramidal neuron precursors into the cortical plate. Neuron 2012; 74:1045-58. [PMID: 22726835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex are born in the ventricular zone and migrate through the intermediate zone to enter into the cortical plate. In the intermediate zone, these migrating precursors move tangentially and initiate the extension of their axons by transiently adopting a characteristic multipolar morphology. We observe that expression of the forkhead transcription factor FoxG1 is dynamically regulated during this transitional period. By utilizing conditional genetic strategies, we show that the downregulation of FoxG1 at the beginning of the multipolar cell phase induces Unc5D expression, the timing of which ultimately determines the laminar identity of pyramidal neurons. In addition, we demonstrate that the re-expression of FoxG1 is required for cells to transit out of the multipolar cell phase and to enter into the cortical plate. Thus, the dynamic expression of FoxG1 during migration within the intermediate zone is essential for the proper assembly of the cerebral cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Miyoshi
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Reyes S, Fu Y, Double KL, Cottam V, Thompson LH, Kirik D, Paxinos G, Watson C, Cooper HM, Halliday GM. Trophic factors differentiate dopamine neurons vulnerable to Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 34:873-86. [PMID: 22926168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a variety of factors characterize substantia nigra neurons vulnerable to Parkinson's disease, including the transcription factors pituitary homeobox 3 (Pitx3) and orthodenticle homeobox 2 (Otx2) and the trophic factor receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), but there is limited information on their expression and localization in adult humans. Pitx3, Otx2, and DCC were immunohistochemically localized in the upper brainstem of adult humans and mice and protein expression assessed using relative intensity measures and online microarray data. Pitx3 was present and highly expressed in most dopamine neurons. Surprisingly, in our elderly subjects no Otx2 immunoreactivity was detected in dopamine neurons, although Otx2 gene expression was found in younger cases. Enhanced DCC gene expression occurred in the substantia nigra, and higher amounts of DCC protein characterized vulnerable ventral nigral dopamine neurons. Our data show that, at the age when Parkinson's disease typically occurs, there are no significant differences in the expression of transcription factors in brainstem dopamine neurons, but those most vulnerable to Parkinson's disease rely more on the trophic factor receptor DCC than other brainstem dopamine neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Reyes
- Neuroscience Research Australia and the School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Prestoz L, Jaber M, Gaillard A. Dopaminergic axon guidance: which makes what? Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:32. [PMID: 22866028 PMCID: PMC3408579 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesotelencephalic pathways in the adult central nervous system have been studied in great detail because of their implication in major physiological functions as well as in psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the ontogeny of these pathways and the molecular mechanisms that guide dopaminergic axons during embryogenesis have been only recently studied. This line of research is of crucial interest for the repair of lesioned circuits in adulthood following neurodegenerative diseases or common traumatic injuries. For instance, in the adult, the anatomic and functional repair of the nigrostriatal pathway following dopaminergic embryonic neuron transplantation suggests that specific guidance cues exist which govern embryonic fibers outgrowth, and suggests that axons from transplanted embryonic cells are able to respond to theses cues, which then guide them to their final targets. In this review, we first synthesize the work that has been performed in the last few years on developing mesotelencephalic pathways, and summarize the current knowledge on the identity of cellular and molecular signals thought to be involved in establishing mesotelencephalic dopaminergic neuronal connectivity during embryogenesis in the central nervous system of rodents. Then, we review the modulation of expression of these molecular signals in the lesioned adult brain and discuss their potential role in remodeling the mesotelencephalic dopaminergic circuitry, with a particular focus on Parkinson's disease (PD). Identifying guidance molecules involved in the connection of grafted cells may be useful for cellular therapy in Parkinsonian patients, as these molecules may help direct axons from grafted cells along the long distance they have to travel from the substantia nigra to the striatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Prestoz
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Research Group on Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases, INSERM U1084, University of PoitiersPoitiers, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sgadò P, Ferretti E, Grbec D, Bozzi Y, Simon HH. The atypical homeoprotein Pbx1a participates in the axonal pathfinding of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Neural Dev 2012; 7:24. [PMID: 22748019 PMCID: PMC3407702 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-7-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pre B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (Pbx1) genes belong to the three amino acid loop extension family of homeodomain proteins that form hetero-oligomeric complexes with other homeodomain transcription factors, thereby modulating target specificity, DNA binding affinity and transcriptional activity of their molecular associates. RESULTS Here, we provide evidence that Pbx1 is expressed in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from embryonic day 11 into adulthood and determines some of the cellular properties of this neuronal population. In Pbx1-deficient mice, the mesencephalic dopaminergic axons stall during mid-gestation at the border between di- and telencephalon before entering the ganglionic eminence, leading to a loose organization of the axonal bundle and partial misrouting. In Pbx1-deficient dopaminergic neurons, the high affinity netrin-1 receptor, deleted in colon cancer (DCC), is down-regulated. Interestingly, we found several conserved Pbx1 binding sites in the first intron of DCC, suggesting a direct regulation of DCC transcription by Pbx1. CONCLUSIONS The expression of Pbx1 in dopaminergic neurons and its regulation of DCC expression make it an important player in defining the axonal guidance of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons, with possible implications for the normal physiology of the nigro-striatal system as well as processes related to the degeneration of neurons during the course of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sgadò
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gao J, Zhang C, Yang B, Sun L, Zhang C, Westerfield M, Peng G. Dcc regulates asymmetric outgrowth of forebrain neurons in zebrafish. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36516. [PMID: 22606267 PMCID: PMC3351449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The guidance receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) ortholog UNC-40 regulates neuronal asymmetry development in Caenorhabditis elegans, but it is not known whether DCC plays a role in the specification of neuronal polarity in vertebrates. To examine the roles of DCC in neuronal asymmetry regulation in vertebrates, we studied zebrafish anterior dorsal telencephalon (ADt) neuronal axons. We generated transgenic zebrafish animals expressing the photo-convertible fluorescent protein Kaede in ADt neurons and then photo-converted Kaede to label specifically the ADt neuron axons. We found that ADt axons normally project ventrally. Knock down of Dcc function by injecting antisense morpholino oligonucleotides caused the ADt neurons to project axons dorsally. To examine the axon projection pattern of individual ADt neurons, we labeled single ADt neurons using a forebrain-specific promoter to drive fluorescent protein expression. We found that individual ADt neurons projected axons dorsally or formed multiple processes after morpholino knock down of Dcc function. We further found that knock down of the Dcc ligand, Netrin1, also caused ADt neurons to project axons dorsally. Knockdown of Neogenin1, a guidance receptor closely related to Dcc, enhanced the formation of aberrant dorsal axons in embryos injected with Dcc morpholino. These experiments provide the first evidence that Dcc regulates polarized axon initiation and asymmetric outgrowth of forebrain neurons in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Gao
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changwen Zhang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Sun
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Monte Westerfield
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gang Peng
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stavoe AKH, Colón-Ramos DA. Netrin instructs synaptic vesicle clustering through Rac GTPase, MIG-10, and the actin cytoskeleton. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:75-88. [PMID: 22451697 PMCID: PMC3317799 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Netrin is a chemotrophic factor known to regulate a number of neurodevelopmental processes, including cell migration, axon guidance, and synaptogenesis. Although the role of Netrin in synaptogenesis is conserved throughout evolution, the mechanisms by which it instructs synapse assembly are not understood. Here we identify a mechanism by which the Netrin receptor UNC-40/DCC instructs synaptic vesicle clustering in vivo. UNC-40 localized to presynaptic regions in response to Netrin. We show that UNC-40 interacted with CED-5/DOCK180 and instructed CED-5 presynaptic localization. CED-5 in turn signaled through CED-10/Rac1 and MIG-10/Lamellipodin to organize the actin cytoskeleton in presynaptic regions. Localization of this signaling pathway to presynaptic regions was necessary for synaptic vesicle clustering during synapse assembly but not for the subcellular localization of active zone proteins. Thus, vesicle clustering and localization of active zone proteins are instructed by separate pathways downstream of Netrin. Our data indicate that signaling modules known to organize the actin cytoskeleton during guidance can be co-opted to instruct synaptic vesicle clustering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K H Stavoe
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|