1
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Camenisch GM, Wili N, Jeschke G, Ernst M. Pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization: a comprehensive Floquet description. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17666-17683. [PMID: 38868989 PMCID: PMC11202326 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments using microwave (mw) pulse sequences are one approach to transfer the larger polarization on the electron spin to nuclear spins of interest. How the result of such experiments depends on the external magnetic field and the excitation power is part of an ongoing debate and of paramount importance for applications that require high chemical-shift resolution. To date numerical simulations using operator-based Floquet theory have been used to predict and explain experimental data. However, such numerical simulations provide only limited insight into parameters relevant for efficient polarization transfer, such as transition amplitudes or resonance offsets. Here we present an alternative method to describe pulsed DNP experiments by using matrix-based Floquet theory. This approach leads to analytical expressions for the transition amplitudes and resonance offsets. We validate the method by comparing computations by these analytical expressions to their numerical counterparts and to experimental results for the XiX, TOP and TPPM DNP sequences. Our results explain the experimental data and are in very good agreement with the numerical simulations. The analytical expressions allow for the discussion of the scaling behaviour of pulsed DNP experiments with respect to the external magnetic field. We find that the transition amplitudes scale inversely with the external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian-Marco Camenisch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Nino Wili
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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2
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Inukai M, Sato H, Miyanishi K, Negoro M, Kagawa A, Hori Y, Shigeta Y, Kurihara T, Nakamura K. Cocrystalline Matrices for Hyperpolarization at Room Temperature Using Photoexcited Electrons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14539-14545. [PMID: 38754971 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We propose using cocrystals as effective polarization matrices for triplet dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at room temperature. The polarization source can be uniformly doped into cocrystals formed through acid-acid, amide-amide, and acid-amide synthons. The dense-packing crystal structures, facilitated by multiple hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, result in extended T1 relaxation times, enabling efficient polarization diffusion within the crystals. Our study demonstrates the successful polarization of a DNP-magnetic resonance imaging molecular probe, such as urea, within a cocrystal matrix at room temperature using triplet-DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Inukai
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Haruki Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Koichiro Miyanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Negoro
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akinori Kagawa
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuta Hori
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurihara
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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3
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Chaklashiya RK, Equbal A, Shernyukov A, Li Y, Tsay K, Stern Q, Tormyshev V, Bagryanskaya E, Han S. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Using Electron Spin Cluster. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5366-5375. [PMID: 38735065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) utilizing narrow-line electron spin clusters (ESCs) to achieve nuclear spin resonance matching (ESC-DNP) by microwave irradiation is a promising way to achieve NMR signal enhancements with a wide design scope requiring low microwave power at high magnetic field. Here we present the design for a trityl-based tetra-radical (TetraTrityl) to achieve DNP for 1H NMR at 7 T, supported by experimental data and quantum mechanical simulations. A slow-relaxing (T1e ≈ 1 ms) 4-ESC is found to require at least two electron spin pairs at <8 Å e-e spin distance to yield 1H ESC-DNP enhancement, while squeezing the rest of the e-e spin distances to <12 Å results in optimal 1H ESC-DNP enhancements. Fast-relaxing ESCs (T1e ≈ 10 μs) are found to require a weakly coupled narrow-line radical (sensitizer) to extract polarization from the ESC. These results provide design principles for achieving a power-efficient DNP at high field via ESC-DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Chaklashiya
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Asif Equbal
- Division of Chemistry, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Quantum and Topological Systems, NYUAD Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrey Shernyukov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuanxin Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Karen Tsay
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Quentin Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Wilmette, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Victor Tormyshev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Wilmette, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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4
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De Biasi F, Hope MA, Qiu Y, Brown PJ, Visegrádi M, Ouari O, Wasielewski MR, Emsley L. Magic Angle Spinning Solid-State 13C Photochemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization by a Synthetic Donor-Chromophore-Acceptor System at 9.4 T. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5488-5494. [PMID: 38748557 PMCID: PMC11129313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique in which nuclear spin hyperpolarization is generated upon optical irradiation of an appropriate donor-acceptor system. Until now, solid-state photo-CIDNP at high magnetic fields has been observed only in photosynthetic reaction centers and flavoproteins. In the present work, we show that the effect is not limited to such biomolecular samples, and solid-state 13C photo-CIDNP can be observed at 9.4 T under magic angle spinning using a frozen solution of a synthetic molecular system dissolved in an organic solvent. Signal enhancements for the source molecule larger than a factor of 2300 are obtained. In addition, we show that bulk 13C hyperpolarization of the solvent can be generated via spontaneous 13C-13C spin diffusion at natural abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico De Biasi
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École
Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Hope
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École
Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yunfan Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Paula M.
Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Paige J. Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Paula M.
Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Máté Visegrádi
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École
Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix-Marseille
University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut
de Chimie Radicalaire, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Paula M.
Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École
Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Sardo M, Morais T, Soares M, Vieira R, Ilkaeva M, Lourenço MAO, Marín-Montesinos I, Mafra L. Unravelling the structure of CO 2 in silica adsorbents: an NMR and computational perspective. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4015-4035. [PMID: 38525497 PMCID: PMC11003455 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review describes recent advancements in the use of solid-state NMR-assisted methods and computational modeling strategies to unravel gas adsorption mechanisms and CO2 speciation in porous CO2-adsorbent silica materials at the atomic scale. This work provides new perspectives for the innovative modifications of these materials rendering them more amenable to the use of advanced NMR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sardo
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Morais
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iceland, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Márcio Soares
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Vieira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Marina Ilkaeva
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mirtha A O Lourenço
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ildefonso Marín-Montesinos
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luís Mafra
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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6
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Haro Mares NB, Döller SC, Wissel T, Hoffmann M, Vogel M, Buntkowsky G. Structures and Dynamics of Complex Guest Molecules in Confinement, Revealed by Solid-State NMR, Molecular Dynamics, and Calorimetry. Molecules 2024; 29:1669. [PMID: 38611950 PMCID: PMC11013127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review gives an overview of current trends in the investigation of confined molecules such as water, small and higher alcohols, carbonic acids, ethylene glycol, and non-ionic surfactants, such as polyethylene glycol or Triton-X, as guest molecules in neat and functionalized mesoporous silica materials employing solid-state NMR spectroscopy, supported by calorimetry and molecular dynamics simulations. The combination of steric interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions results in a fascinating phase behavior in the confinement. Combining solid-state NMR and relaxometry, DNP hyperpolarization, molecular dynamics simulations, and general physicochemical techniques, it is possible to monitor these confined molecules and gain deep insights into this phase behavior and the underlying molecular arrangements. In many cases, the competition between hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between polar and non-polar moieties of the guests and the host leads to the formation of ordered structures, despite the cramped surroundings inside the pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia B. Haro Mares
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (N.B.H.M.); (S.C.D.); (T.W.)
| | - Sonja C. Döller
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (N.B.H.M.); (S.C.D.); (T.W.)
| | - Till Wissel
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (N.B.H.M.); (S.C.D.); (T.W.)
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, State University of New York at Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, USA
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (N.B.H.M.); (S.C.D.); (T.W.)
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7
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Sani MA, Rajput S, Keizer DW, Separovic F. NMR techniques for investigating antimicrobial peptides in model membranes and bacterial cells. Methods 2024; 224:10-20. [PMID: 38295893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AMPs are short, mainly cationic membrane-active peptides found in all living organism. They perform diverse roles including signaling and acting as a line of defense against bacterial infections. AMPs have been extensively investigated as templates to facilitate the development of novel antimicrobial therapeutics. Understanding the interplay between these membrane-active peptides and the lipid membranes is considered to be a significant step in elucidating the specific mechanism of action of AMPs against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to aid the development of new therapeutics. In this review, we have provided a brief overview of various NMR techniques commonly used for studying AMP structure and AMP-membrane interactions in model membranes and whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sunnia Rajput
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David W Keizer
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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8
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Zheng M, Chu Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Xu J, Deng F. Advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy and its applications in zeolite chemistry. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 140-141:1-41. [PMID: 38705634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy (ssNMR) can provide details about the structure, host-guest/guest-guest interactions and dynamic behavior of materials at atomic length scales. A crucial use of ssNMR is for the characterization of zeolite catalysts that are extensively employed in industrial catalytic processes. This review aims to spotlight the recent advancements in ssNMR spectroscopy and its application to zeolite chemistry. We first review the current ssNMR methods and techniques that are relevant to characterize zeolite catalysts, including advanced multinuclear and multidimensional experiments, in situ NMR techniques and hyperpolarization methods. Of these, the methodology development on half-integer quadrupolar nuclei is emphasized, which represent about two-thirds of stable NMR-active nuclei and are widely present in catalytic materials. Subsequently, we introduce the recent progress in understanding zeolite chemistry with the aid of these ssNMR methods and techniques, with a specific focus on the investigation of zeolite framework structures, zeolite crystallization mechanisms, surface active/acidic sites, host-guest/guest-guest interactions, and catalytic reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingji Zheng
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueying Chu
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Feng Deng
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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9
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Zhang Z, Kato K, Tamaki H, Matsuki Y. Background signal suppression by opposite polarity subtraction for targeted DNP NMR spectroscopy on mixture samples. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9880-9890. [PMID: 38317640 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A novel method for background signal suppression is introduced to improve the selectivity of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR spectroscopy in the study of target molecules within complex mixtures. The method uses subtraction between positively and negatively enhanced DNP spectra, leading to an improved contrast factor, which is the ratio between the target and background signal intensities. The proposed approach was experimentally validated using a reverse-micelle system that confines the target molecules together with the polarizing agent, OX063 trityl. A substantial increase in the contrast factor was observed, and the contrast factor was optimized through careful selection of the DNP build-up time. A simulation study based on the experimental results provides insights into a strategy for choosing the appropriate DNP build-up time and the corresponding selectivity of the method. Further analysis revealed a broad applicability of the technique, encompassing studies from large biomolecules to surface-modified polymers, depending on the nuclear spin diffusion rate with a range of gyromagnetic ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Zhang
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ken Kato
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hajime Tamaki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoh Matsuki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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10
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von Witte G, Himmler A, Kozerke S, Ernst M. Relaxation enhancement by microwave irradiation may limit dynamic nuclear polarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9578-9585. [PMID: 38462920 PMCID: PMC10954235 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization enables the hyperpolarization of nuclear spins beyond the thermal-equilibrium Boltzmann distribution. However, it is often unclear why the experimentally measured hyperpolarization is below the theoretically achievable maximum polarization. We report a (near-) resonant relaxation enhancement by microwave (MW) irradiation, leading to a significant increase in the nuclear polarization decay compared to measurements without MW irradiation. For example, the increased nuclear relaxation limits the achievable polarization levels to around 35% instead of hypothetical 60%, measured in the DNP material TEMPO in 1H glassy matrices at 3.3 K and 7 T. Applying rate-equation models to published build-up and decay data indicates that such relaxation enhancement is a common issue in many samples when using different radicals at low sample temperatures and high Boltzmann polarizations of the electrons. Accordingly, quantification and a better understanding of the relaxation processes under MW irradiation might help to design samples and processes towards achieving higher nuclear hyperpolarization levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevin von Witte
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Aaron Himmler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Miao Z, Scott FJ, van Tol J, Bowers CR, Veige AS, Mentink-Vigier F. Soliton Based Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: An Overhauser Effect in Cyclic Polyacetylene at High Field and Room Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3369-3375. [PMID: 38498927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyacetylene, a versatile material with an electrical conductivity that can span 7 orders of magnitude, is the prototypical conductive polymer. In this letter, we report the observation of a significant Overhauser effect at the high magnetic field of 14.1 T that operates at 100 K and room temperature in both linear and cyclic polyacetylene. Significant NMR signal enhancements ranging from 24 to 45 are obtained. The increased sensitivity enabled the characterization of the polymer chain defects at natural abundance. The absence of end methyl group carbon-13 signals provides proof of the closed-loop molecular structure of cyclic polyacetylene. The remarkable efficiency of the soliton based Overhauser effect DNP mechanism at high temperature and high field holds promise for applications and extension to other conductive polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Miao
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - F J Scott
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - J van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - C R Bowers
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - A S Veige
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - F Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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12
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Nir-Arad O, Shlomi DH, Israelstam A, Amit T, Manukovsky N, Fialkov AB, Kaminker I. The CW-EPR Capabilities of a Dual DNP/EPR Spectrometer Operating at 14 and 7 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 360:107635. [PMID: 38401475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
High-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements are indispensable for a better understanding of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), which relies on polarization transfer between electron and nuclear spins. DNP experiments are typically performed at high > 7 T magnetic fields and low ≤ 100 K temperatures, while EPR instrumentation capable of EPR measurements under these conditions is scarce. In this paper, we describe the CW EPR capabilities of a dual DNP/EPR spectrometer that is designed to carry out EPR experiments under "DNP conditions" at 14 and 7 T. In the first part, we present the design of this instrument, highlighting the choices made to allow for both DNP and EPR operations. The spectrometer uses a sweepable cryogen-free magnet with NMR-grade homogeneity, a closed-cycle cooling system, a quasi-optical induction mode bridge, and a superheterodyne receiver system. The probe design is optimized for low heat load and fast sample exchange under cryogenic conditions. The spectrometer can operate in frequency and field sweep modes, including wide field sweeps using the main coil of the magnet. In the second part, we present EPR spectra acquired over a wide range of samples and operating conditions, illustrating the CW EPR capabilities of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Nir-Arad
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - David H Shlomi
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amit Israelstam
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomer Amit
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Nurit Manukovsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Alexander B Fialkov
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ilia Kaminker
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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13
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Badoni S, Berruyer P, Emsley L. Optimal sensitivity for 1H detected relayed DNP of organic solids at fast MAS. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 360:107645. [PMID: 38401477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) combined with high magnetic fields and fast magic angle spinning (MAS) has opened up a new avenue for the application of exceptionally sensitive 1H NMR detection schemes to study protonated solids. Recently, it has been shown that DNP experiments at fast MAS rates lead to slower spin diffusion and hence reduced DNP enhancements for impregnated materials. However, DNP enhancements alone do not determine the overall sensitivity of a NMR experiment. Here we measure the overall sensitivity of one-dimensional 1H detected relayed DNP experiments as a function of the MAS rate in the 20-60 kHz regime using 0.7 mm diameter rotors at 21.2 T. Although faster MAS rates are detrimental for the DNP enhancement on the target material, due to slower spin diffusion, we find that with increasing spinning rates the gain in sensitivity due to 1H line-narrowing and the folding-in of sideband intensity compensates a large part of the loss of overall hyperpolarization. We find that sensitivity depends on the atomic site in the molecule, and is maximised at between 40 and 50 kHz MAS for the sample of L-histidine.HCl·H2O studied here. There is a 10-20 % difference in sensitivity between the optimum MAS rate and the fastest rate currently accessible (60 kHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Badoni
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierrick Berruyer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Chatterjee S, Venkatesh A, Sigurdsson ST, Mentink-Vigier F. Role of Protons in and around Strongly Coupled Nitroxide Biradicals for Cross-Effect Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2160-2168. [PMID: 38364262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), biradicals such as bis-nitroxides are used to hyperpolarize protons under microwave irradiation through the cross-effect mechanism. This mechanism relies on electron-electron spin interactions (dipolar coupling and exchange interaction) and electron-nuclear spin interactions (hyperfine coupling) to hyperpolarize the protons surrounding the biradical. This hyperpolarization is then transferred to the bulk sample via nuclear spin diffusion. However, the involvement of the protons in the biradical in the cross-effect DNP process has been under debate. In this work, we address this question by exploring the hyperpolarization pathways in and around bis-nitroxides. We demonstrate that for biradicals with strong electron-electron interactions, as in the case of the AsymPols, the protons on the biradical may not be necessary to quickly generate hyperpolarization. Instead, such biradicals can efficiently, and directly, polarize the surrounding protons of the solvent. The findings should impact the design of the next generation of biradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaki Chatterjee
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Snorri Th Sigurdsson
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Frédéric Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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15
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Nir-Arad O, Shlomi DH, Manukovsky N, Laster E, Kaminker I. Nitrogen Substitutions Aggregation and Clustering in Diamonds as Revealed by High-Field Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5100-5107. [PMID: 38112440 PMCID: PMC10910503 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Diamonds have been shown to be an excellent platform for quantum computing and quantum sensing applications. These applications are enabled by the presence of defects in the lattice, which are also known as color centers. The most common nitrogen-based defect in synthetic diamonds is the paramagnetic nitrogen substitution (P1) center. While the majority of quantum applications rely on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, the properties of the latter are heavily influenced by the presence and the spatial distribution of the P1 centers. Hence, understanding the spatial distribution and mutual interactions of P1 centers is crucial for the successful development of diamond-based quantum devices. Unlike NV centers, P1 centers do not have a spin-dependent optical signature, and their spin-related properties, therefore, have to be detected and characterized using magnetic resonance methods. We show that using high-field (6.9 and 13.8 T) pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments, we can distinguish and quantify three distinct populations of P1 centers: isolated P1 centers, weakly interacting ones, and exchange-coupled ones that are clustered together. While such clustering was suggested before, these clusters were never detected directly and unambiguously. Moreover, by using electron-electron double resonance (ELDOR) pump-probe experiments, we demonstrate that the latter clustered population does not exist in isolation but coexists with the more weakly interacting P1 centers throughout the diamond lattice. Its presence thus strongly affects the quantum properties of the diamond. We also show that the existence of this population can explain recent hyperpolarization results in type Ib high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) diamonds. We propose a combination of high-field pulsed EPR, ELDOR, and DNP as a tool for probing the aggregation state and interactions among different populations of nitrogen substitution centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Nir-Arad
- School of Chemistry, Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - David H. Shlomi
- School of Chemistry, Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Nurit Manukovsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eyal Laster
- School of Chemistry, Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ilia Kaminker
- School of Chemistry, Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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16
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Venkatesh A, Casano G, Wei R, Rao Y, Lingua H, Karoui H, Yulikov M, Ouari O, Emsley L. Rational Design of Dinitroxide Polarizing Agents for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization to Enhance Overall NMR Sensitivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317337. [PMID: 38193258 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We evaluate the overall sensitivity gains provided by a series of eighteen nitroxide biradicals for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid-state NMR at 9.4 T and 100 K, including eight new biradicals. We find that in the best performing group the factors contributing to the overall sensitivity gains, namely the DNP enhancement, the build-up time, and the contribution factor, often compete with each other leading to very similar overall sensitivity across a range of biradicals. NaphPol and HydroPol are found to provide the best overall sensitivity factors, in organic and aqueous solvents respectively. One of the new biradicals, AMUPolCbm, provides high sensitivity for all three solvent formulations measured here, and can be considered to be a "universal" polarizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Venkatesh
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Current address: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Gilles Casano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Ran Wei
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yu Rao
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Lingua
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Hakim Karoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Maxim Yulikov
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Harrabi R, Halbritter T, Alarab S, Chatterjee S, Wolska-Pietkiewicz M, Damodaran KK, van Tol J, Lee D, Paul S, Hediger S, Sigurdsson ST, Mentink-Vigier F, De Paëpe G. AsymPol-TEKs as efficient polarizing agents for MAS-DNP in glass matrices of non-aqueous solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5669-5682. [PMID: 38288878 PMCID: PMC10849081 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04271e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Two polarizing agents from the AsymPol family, AsymPol-TEK and cAsymPol-TEK (methyl-free version) are introduced for MAS-DNP applications in non-aqueous solvents. The performance of these new biradicals is rationalized in detail using a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, density functional theory, molecular dynamics and quantitative MAS-DNP spin dynamics simulations. By slightly modifying the experimental protocol to keep the sample temperature low at insertion, we are able to obtain reproducable DNP-NMR data with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE) at 100 K, which facilitates optimization and comparison of different polarizing agents. At intermediate magnetic fields, AsymPol-TEK and cAsymPol-TEK provide 1.5 to 3-fold improvement in sensitivity compared to TEKPol, one of the most widely used polarizing agents for organic solvents, with significantly shorter DNP build-up times of ∼1 s and ∼2 s at 9.4 and 14.1 T respectively. In the course of the work, we also isolated and characterized two diastereoisomers that can form during the synthesis of AsymPol-TEK; their difference in performance is described and discussed. Finally, the advantages of the AsymPol-TEKs are demonstrated by recording 2D 13C-13C correlation experiments at natural 13C-abundance of proton-dense microcrystals and by polarizing the surface of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) coated with diphenyl phosphate ligands. For those experiments, cAsymPol-TEK yielded a three-fold increase in sensitivity compared to TEKPol, corresponding to a nine-fold time saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Harrabi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Shadi Alarab
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Satyaki Chatterjee
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Krishna K Damodaran
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Johan van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA.
| | - Daniel Lee
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Subhradip Paul
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Sabine Hediger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Snorri Th Sigurdsson
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA.
| | - Gaël De Paëpe
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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18
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Song P, Xu J, Liu X, Zhang Z, Rao X, Martinho RP, Bao Q, Liu C. Stationary wavelet denoising of solid-state NMR spectra using multiple similar measurements. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 359:107615. [PMID: 38310668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating several scans of free induction decays is always needed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of NMR spectra, especially for the low gyromagnetic ratio solid-state NMR. In this study, we present a new denoising approach based on the correlations between multiple similar NMR spectra. Contrary to the simple averaging of multiple scans or denoising the final averaged spectrum, we propose a Wavelet-based Denoising technique for Multiple Similar scans(WDMS). Firstly, the stationary wavelet transform is applied to decompose every spectrum into approximation coefficients and detail coefficients. Then, the detail coefficients are multiplied by weights calculated based on Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural similarity index between approximation coefficients of different spectra. Finally, the average of these detailed components is used to denoise the spectra. The proposed method is carried on the assumption that noise between multiple spectra is uncorrelated while peak signal information is similar between different spectra, thus preserving the possibility of applying further processing to the data. As a demonstration, the standard wavelet denoise is applied to the WDMS-processed spectra, achieving a further increase in the S/N ratio. We confirm the reliability of the denoising approach based on multiple scans on 1D/2D solid-state MAS/static NMR spectra. In addition, we also show that this method can be used to deal with a single Car-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) echo train.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Song
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xinglong Rao
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ricardo P Martinho
- University of Twente Faculty of Science and Technology, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Qingjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, PR China.
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19
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Tobar C, Albanese K, Chaklashiya R, Equbal A, Hawker C, Han S. Multi Electron Spin Cluster Enabled Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with Sulfonated BDPA. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11640-11650. [PMID: 38108283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can amplify the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal by several orders of magnitude. The mechanism of DNP utilizing α,γ-bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl (BDPA) variants as Polarizing Agents (PA) has been the subject of lively discussions on account of their remarkable DNP efficiency with low demand for microwave power. We propose that electron spin clustering of sulfonated BDPA is responsible for its DNP performance, as revealed by the temperature-dependent shape of the central DNP profile and strong electron-electron (e-e) crosstalk seen by Electron Double Resonance. We demonstrate that a multielectron spin cluster can be modeled with three coupled spins, where electron J (exchange) coupling between one of the e-e pairs matching the NMR Larmor frequency induces the experimentally observed absorptive central DNP profile, and the electron T1e modulated by temperature and magic-angle spinning alters the shape between an absorptive and dispersive feature. Understanding the microscopic origin is key to designing new PAs to harness the microwave-power-efficient DNP effect observed with BDPA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Tobar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, California, United States
| | - Kaitlin Albanese
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, California, United States
| | - Raj Chaklashiya
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, California, United States
| | - Asif Equbal
- Department of Chemistry, NYU Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Craig Hawker
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, California, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston 60208, Illinois, United States
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20
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Carollo F. Non-Gaussian Dynamics of Quantum Fluctuations and Mean-Field Limit in Open Quantum Central Spin Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:227102. [PMID: 38101340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.227102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Central spin systems, in which a central spin is singled out and interacts nonlocally with several bath spins, are paradigmatic models for nitrogen-vacancy centers and quantum dots. They show complex emergent dynamics and stationary phenomena which, despite the collective nature of their interaction, are still largely not understood. Here, we derive exact results on the emergent behavior of open quantum central spin systems. The latter crucially depends on the scaling of the interaction strength with the bath size. For scalings with the inverse square root of the bath size (typical of one-to-many interactions), the system behaves, in the thermodynamic limit, as an open quantum Jaynes-Cummings model, whose bosonic mode encodes the quantum fluctuations of the bath spins. In this case, non-Gaussian correlations are dynamically generated and persist at stationarity. For scalings with the inverse bath size, the emergent dynamics is instead of mean-field type. Our Letter provides a fundamental understanding of the different dynamical regimes of central spin systems and a simple theory for efficiently exploring their nonequilibrium behavior. Our findings may become relevant for developing fully quantum descriptions of many-body solid-state devices and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carollo
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Ferrer F, Juramy M, Jabbour R, Cousin S, Ziarelli F, Mollica G, Thureau P, Viel S. Polarization Amplification in Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Magic-Angle Spinning Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance by Solubilizing Traditional Ionic Salts. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9619-9623. [PMID: 37870262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization can improve the sensitivity of magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR experiments by 1-2 orders of magnitude. In aqueous media, experiments are usually performed using the so-called DNP juice, a glycerol-d8/D2O/H2O mixture (60/30/10, v/v/v) that can form a homogeneous glass at cryogenic temperatures. This acts as a cryoprotectant and prevents phase separation of the paramagnetic polarizing agents (PAs) that are added to the mixture to provide the source of electron spin polarization required for DNP. Here, we show that relatively high 1H DNP enhancements (∼60) can also be obtained in water without glycerol (or other glass forming agents) simply by dissolving high concentrations of electrolytes (such as NaCl or LiCl), which perturb the otherwise unavoidable ice crystallization observed upon cooling, thereby reducing PA phase separation and restoring DNP efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Juramy
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Ribal Jabbour
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, FSCM, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Cousin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, FSCM, 13013 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, 13013, Marseille, France
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22
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Jabbour R, Ashling CW, Robinson TC, Khan AH, Wisser D, Berruyer P, Ghosh AC, Ranscht A, Keen DA, Brunner E, Canivet J, Bennett TD, Mellot-Draznieks C, Lesage A, Wisser FM. Unravelling the Molecular Structure and Confining Environment of an Organometallic Catalyst Heterogenized within Amorphous Porous Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310878. [PMID: 37647152 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of multifunctional, microporous materials is directly linked to the spatial arrangement of their structural building blocks. Despite great achievements in the design and incorporation of isolated catalytically active metal complexes within such materials, a detailed understanding of their atomic-level structure and the local environment of the active species remains a fundamental challenge, especially when these latter are hosted in non-crystalline organic polymers. Here, we show that by combining computational chemistry with pair distribution function analysis, 129 Xe NMR, and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization enhanced NMR spectroscopy, a very accurate description of the molecular structure and confining surroundings of a catalytically active Rh-based organometallic complex incorporated inside the cavity of amorphous bipyridine-based porous polymers is obtained. Small, but significant, differences in the structural properties of the polymers are highlighted depending on their backbone motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ribal Jabbour
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christopher W Ashling
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Thomas C Robinson
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arafat Hossain Khan
- Chair of Bioanalytical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dorothea Wisser
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pierrick Berruyer
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ashta C Ghosh
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Alisa Ranscht
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Eike Brunner
- Chair of Bioanalytical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jérôme Canivet
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Caroline Mellot-Draznieks
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques (LCPB), Collège de France, PSL Research University, CNRS Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florian M Wisser
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Yang SH, Kim J, Lee TG, Park M, Son HY, Joo CG, Shim JH, Lee Y, Huh YM. Background free in vivo29Si MR imaging with hyperpolarized PEGylated silicon nanoparticles. Analyst 2023; 148:5355-5360. [PMID: 37750298 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01395b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the potential of 50 nm PEGylated Si NPs for high-resolution in vivo29Si MR imaging, emphasizing their biocompatibility and water dispersibility. The acquisition of in vivo Si MR images using the lowest reported dose after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration opens new avenues for future 29Si MR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mirae Park
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Young Son
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Gyu Joo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Shim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngbok Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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24
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Price LE, Alaniva N, Millen M, Epprecht T, Urban M, Däpp A, Barnes AB. Cryogenic-compatible spherical rotors and stators for magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2023; 4:231-241. [PMID: 37904856 PMCID: PMC10539783 DOI: 10.5194/mr-4-231-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic magic angle spinning (MAS) is a standard technique utilized for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Here we describe the optimization and implementation of a stator for cryogenic MAS with 9.5 mm diameter spherical rotors, allowing for DNP experiments on large sample volumes. Designs of the stator and rotor for cryogenic MAS build on recent advancements of MAS spheres and take a step further to incorporate sample insert and eject and a temperature-independent spinning stability of ± 1 Hz. At a field of 7 T and spinning at 2.0 kHz with a sample temperature of 105-107 K, DNP enhancements of 256 and 200 were observed for 124 and 223 µ L sample volumes, respectively, each consisting of 4 M 13 C, 15 N-labeled urea and 20 mM AMUPol in a glycerol-water glassy matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Price
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biochemistry, ETH Zürich,
Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Alaniva
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biochemistry, ETH Zürich,
Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Marthe Millen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biochemistry, ETH Zürich,
Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Till Epprecht
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biochemistry, ETH Zürich,
Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Michael Urban
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biochemistry, ETH Zürich,
Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Däpp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biochemistry, ETH Zürich,
Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander B. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biochemistry, ETH Zürich,
Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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25
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Biedenbänder T, Bensons ER, Corzilius B. Serial Polarization Transfer by Combination of Cross-Relaxation and Rotational Resonance for Sensitivity-Enhanced Solid-State NMR. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300206. [PMID: 37306393 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methods which induce site-specificity and sensitivity enhancement in solid-state magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy become more important for structural biology due to the increasing size of molecules under investigation. Recently, several strategies have been developed to increase site specificity and thus reduce signal overlap. Under dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) for NMR signal enhancement, it is possible to use cross-relaxation transfer induced by select dynamic groups within the molecules which is exploited by SCREAM-DNP (Specific Cross Relaxation Enhancement by Active Motions under DNP). Here, we present an approach where we additionally reintroduce the homonuclear dipolar coupling with rotational resonance (R2 ) during SCREAM-DNP to further boost the selectivity of the experiment. Detailed analysis of the polarization buildup dynamics of 13 C-methyl polarization source and 13 C-carbonyl target in 2-13 C-ethyl 1-13 C-acetate provides information about the sought-after and spurious transfer pathways. We show that dipolar-recoupled transfer rates greatly exceed the DNP buildup dynamics in our model system, indicating that significantly larger distances can be selectively and efficiently hyperpolarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Biedenbänder
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Edvards R Bensons
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Corzilius
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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26
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Quan Y, Ouyang Y, Mardini M, Palani RS, Banks D, Kempf J, Wenckebach WT, Griffin RG. Resonant Mixing Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7007-7013. [PMID: 37523253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a mechanism for dynamic nuclear polarization that is different from the well-known Overhauser effect, solid effect, cross effect, and thermal mixing processes. We term it Resonant Mixing (RM), and we show that it arises from the evolution of the density matrix for a simple electron-nucleus coupled spin pair subject to weak microwave irradiation, the same interactions as the solid effect. However, the SE is optimal when the microwave field is off-resonance, whereas RM is optimal when the microwave field is on-resonance and involves the mixing of states by the microwave field together with the electron-nuclear coupling. Finally, we argue that this mechanism is responsible for the observed dispersive-shaped DNP field profile for trityl samples near the electron paramagnetic resonance center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Quan
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yifu Ouyang
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Mardini
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ravi Shankar Palani
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel Banks
- Bruker Biospin, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - James Kempf
- Bruker Biospin, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - W Tom Wenckebach
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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27
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Hope MA, Zhang Y, Venkatesh A, Emsley L. Dynamic nuclear polarisation of 1H in Gd-doped In(OH) 3. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 353:107509. [PMID: 37331306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) of solids doped with high-spin metal ions, such as Gd3+, is a useful strategy to enhance the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensitivity for these samples. Spin diffusion can relay polarisation throughout a sample, which is most effective for dense 1H networks, while the efficiency of DNP using Gd3+ depends on the symmetry of the metal site. Here, we investigate cubic In(OH)3 as a high-symmetry, proton-containing material for endogenous Gd DNP. A 1H enhancement of up to 9 is demonstrated and harnessed to measure the 17O spectrum at natural abundance. The enhancement is interpreted in terms of clustering of the Gd3+ dopants and the local reduction in symmetry of the metal site induced by proton disorder, as demonstrated by quadrupolar 115In NMR. This is the first example of 1H DNP using Gd3+ dopants in an inorganic solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hope
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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28
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Mardini M, Palani RS, Ahmad IM, Mandal S, Jawla SK, Bryerton E, Temkin RJ, Sigurdsson ST, Griffin RG. Frequency-swept dynamic nuclear polarization. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 353:107511. [PMID: 37385067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) improves the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy by the transfer of electron polarization to nuclei via irradiation of electron-nuclear transitions with microwaves at the appropriate frequency. For fields > 5 T and using g ∼ 2 electrons as polarizing agents, this requires the availability of microwave sources operating at >140 GHz. Therefore, microwave sources for DNP have generally been continuous-wave (CW) gyrotrons, and more recently solid state, oscillators operating at a fixed frequency and power. This constraint has limited the DNP mechanisms which can be exploited, and stymied the development of new time domain mechanisms. We report here the incorporation of a microwave source enabling facile modulation of frequency, amplitude, and phase at 9 T (250 GHz microwave frequency), and we have used the source for magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR experiments. The experiments include investigations of CW DNP mechanisms, the advantage of frequency-chirped irradiation, and a demonstration of an Overhauser enhancement of ∼25 with a recently reported water-soluble BDPA radical, highlighting the potential for affordable and compact microwave sources to achieve significant enhancement in aqueous samples, including biological macromolecules. With the development of suitable microwave amplifiers, it should permit exploration of multiple new avenues involving time domain experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mardini
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Ravi Shankar Palani
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Iram M Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sucharita Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sudheer K Jawla
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Eric Bryerton
- Virginia Diodes Corporation, Charlottesville, VA 22902, United States
| | - Richard J Temkin
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Snorri Th Sigurdsson
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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29
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Vaneeckhaute E, Tyburn J, Kempf JG, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Reversible Parahydrogen Induced Hyperpolarization of 15 N in Unmodified Amino Acids Unraveled at High Magnetic Field. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207112. [PMID: 37211713 PMCID: PMC10427394 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) and ammonia are metabolic markers essential for nitrogen metabolism and cell regulation in both plants and humans. NMR provides interesting opportunities to investigate these metabolic pathways, yet lacks sensitivity, especially in case of 15 N. In this study, spin order embedded in p-H2 is used to produce on-demand reversible hyperpolarization in 15 N of pristine alanine and ammonia under ambient protic conditions directly in the NMR spectrometer. This is made possible by designing a mixed-ligand Ir-catalyst, selectively ligating the amino group of AA by exploiting ammonia as a strongly competitive co-ligand and preventing deactivation of Ir by bidentate ligation of AA. The stereoisomerism of the catalyst complexes is determined by hydride fingerprinting using 1 H/D scrambling of the associated N-functional groups on the catalyst (i.e., isotopological fingerprinting), and unravelled by 2D-ZQ-NMR. Monitoring the transfer of spin order from p-H2 to 15 N nuclei of ligated and free alanine and ammonia targets using SABRE-INEPT with variable exchange delays pinpoints the monodentate elucidated catalyst complexes to be most SABRE active. Also RF-spin locking (SABRE-SLIC) enables transfer of hyperpolarization to 15 N. The presented high-field approach can be a valuable alternative to SABRE-SHEATH techniques since the obtained catalytic insights (stereochemistry and kinetics) will remain valid at ultra-low magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Univ LyonCNRS, ENS LyonUCBLUniversité de LyonCRMN UMR 5280Villeurbanne69100France
| | - Jean‐Max Tyburn
- Bruker Biospin34 Rue de l'Industrie BP 10002Wissembourg Cedex67166France
| | | | - Johan A. Martens
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY – Centre for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)Notkestraße 8522607HamburgGermany
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
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30
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Suzuki K, Kaji H. Torsion Angle Analysis of a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter in an Amorphous State Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Solid-State NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37487017 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The torsion angle between donor and acceptor segments of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecule is one of the most critical factors in determining the performance of TADF-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because the torsion angle affects not only the energy gap between the singlet and triplet but also the oscillator strength and spin-orbit coupling. However, the torsion angle is difficult to analyze, because organic molecules are in an amorphous state in OLEDs. Here, we determined the torsion angle of a highly efficient TADF emitter, DACT-II, in an amorphous state by dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced solid-state NMR measurements. From the experimentally obtained chemical shift principal values of 15N on carbazole, we determined the average torsion angle to be 52°. Such quantification of the torsion angles in TADF molecules in amorphous solids will provide deep insight into the TADF mechanism in amorphous OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Suzuki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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31
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Vugmeyster L, Rodgers A, Ostrovsky D, James McKnight C, Fu R. Deuteron off-resonance rotating frame relaxation for the characterization of slow motions in rotating and static solid-state proteins. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 352:107493. [PMID: 37271094 PMCID: PMC10330767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the feasibility of deuterium solid-state NMR off-resonance rotating frame relaxation measurements for studies of slow motions in biomolecular solids. The pulse sequence, which includes adiabatic pulses for magnetization alignment, is illustrated for static and magic-angle spinning conditions away from rotary resonances. We apply the measurements for three systems with selective deuterium labels at methyl groups: a) a model compound, Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl methionine-D3 amino acid, for which the principles of the measurements and corresponding motional modeling based on rotameric interconversions are demonstrated; b) amyloid-β1-40 fibrils labeled at a single alanine methyl group located in the disordered N-terminal domain. This system has been extensively studied in prior work and here serves as a test of the method for complex biological systems. The essential features of the dynamics consist of large-scale rearrangements of the disordered N-terminal domain and the conformational exchange between the free and bound forms of the domain, the latter one due to transient interactions with the structured core of the fibrils. and c) a 15-residue helical peptide which belongs to the predicted α-helical domain near the N-terminus of apolipoprotein B. The peptide is solvated with triolein and incorporates a selectively labeled leucine methyl groups. The method permits model refinement, indicating rotameric interconversions with a distribution of rate constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Vugmeyster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA.
| | - Aryana Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Dmitry Ostrovsky
- Department of Mathematics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - C James McKnight
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Field Magnetic Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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32
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Dwivedi N, Siddiqui MA, Srivastava S, Sinha N. 1 H- 13 C cross-polarization kinetics to probe hydration-dependent organic components of bone extracellular matrix. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2023; 61:397-406. [PMID: 36946081 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a living tissue made up of organic proteins, inorganic minerals, and water. The organic component of bone (mainly made up of Type-I collagen) provides flexibility and tensile strength. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is one of the few techniques that can provide atomic-level structural insights of such biomaterials in their native state. In the present article, we employed the variable contact time cross-polarization (1 H-13 C CP) kinetics experiments to study the hydration-dependent atomic-level structural changes in the bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The natural abundant 13 C CP intensity of the bone ECM is measured by varying CP contact time and best fitted to the nonclassical kinetic model. Different relaxation parameters were measured by the best-fit equation corresponding to the different hydration conditions of the bone ECM. The associated changes in the measured parameters due to varying levels of hydration observed at different sites of collagen protein have provided its structural arrangements and interaction with water molecules in bone ECM. Overall, the present study reveals a better understanding of the kinetics of the organic part inside the bone ECM that will help in comprehending the disease-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Dwivedi
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
- Department of Physics, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohd Adnan Siddiqui
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Seema Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
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33
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De Biasi F, Hope MA, Avalos CE, Karthikeyan G, Casano G, Mishra A, Badoni S, Stevanato G, Kubicki DJ, Milani J, Ansermet JP, Rossini AJ, Lelli M, Ouari O, Emsley L. Optically Enhanced Solid-State 1H NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37366803 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Low sensitivity is the primary limitation to extending nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to more advanced chemical and structural studies. Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) is an NMR hyperpolarization technique where light is used to excite a suitable donor-acceptor system, creating a spin-correlated radical pair whose evolution drives nuclear hyperpolarization. Systems that exhibit photo-CIDNP in solids are not common, and this effect has, up to now, only been observed for 13C and 15N nuclei. However, the low gyromagnetic ratio and natural abundance of these nuclei trap the local hyperpolarization in the vicinity of the chromophore and limit the utility for bulk hyperpolarization. Here, we report the first example of optically enhanced solid-state 1H NMR spectroscopy in the high-field regime. This is achieved via photo-CIDNP of a donor-chromophore-acceptor molecule in a frozen solution at 0.3 T and 85 K, where spontaneous spin diffusion among the abundant strongly coupled 1H nuclei relays polarization through the whole sample, yielding a 16-fold bulk 1H signal enhancement under continuous laser irradiation at 450 nm. These findings enable a new strategy for hyperpolarized NMR beyond the current limits of conventional microwave-driven DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico De Biasi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Hope
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia E Avalos
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ganesan Karthikeyan
- Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Casano
- Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saumya Badoni
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Stevanato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Milani
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Ansermet
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Moreno Lelli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche delle Metalloproteine Paramagnetiche (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Mishra A, Hope MA, Stevanato G, Kubicki DJ, Emsley L. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Inorganic Halide Perovskites. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:11094-11102. [PMID: 37342202 PMCID: PMC10278140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic low sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments limits their utility for structure determination of materials. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) under magic angle spinning (MAS) has shown tremendous potential to overcome this key limitation, enabling the acquisition of highly selective and sensitive NMR spectra. However, so far, DNP methods have not been explored in the context of inorganic lead halide perovskites, which are a leading class of semiconductor materials for optoelectronic applications. In this work, we study cesium lead chloride and quantitatively compare DNP methods based on impregnation with a solution of organic biradicals with doping of high-spin metal ions (Mn2+) into the perovskite structure. We find that metal-ion DNP provides the highest bulk sensitivity in this case, while highly surface-selective NMR spectra can be acquired using impregnation DNP. The performance of both methods is explained in terms of the relaxation times, particle size, dopant concentration, and surface wettability. We envisage the future use of DNP NMR approaches in establishing structure-activity relationships in inorganic perovskites, especially for mass-limited samples such as thin films.
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35
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Menzildjian G, Schlagnitweit J, Casano G, Ouari O, Gajan D, Lesage A. Polarizing agents for efficient high field DNP solid-state NMR spectroscopy under magic-angle spinning: from design principles to formulation strategies. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6120-6148. [PMID: 37325158 PMCID: PMC10266460 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) has recently emerged as a cornerstone approach to enhance the sensitivity of solid-state NMR spectroscopy under Magic Angle Spinning (MAS), opening unprecedented analytical opportunities in chemistry and biology. DNP relies on a polarization transfer from unpaired electrons (present in endogenous or exogenous polarizing agents) to nearby nuclei. Developing and designing new polarizing sources for DNP solid-state NMR spectroscopy is currently an extremely active research field per se, that has recently led to significant breakthroughs and key achievements, in particular at high magnetic fields. This review describes recent developments in this area, highlighting key design principles that have been established over time and led to the introduction of increasingly more efficient polarizing sources. After a short introduction, Section 2 presents a brief history of solid-state DNP, highlighting the main polarization transfer schemes. The third section is devoted to the development of dinitroxide radicals, discussing the guidelines that were progressively established to design the fine-tuned molecular structures in use today. In Section 4, we describe recent efforts in developing hybrid radicals composed of a narrow EPR line radical covalently linked to a nitroxide, highlighting the parameters that modulate the DNP efficiency of these mixed structures. Section 5 reviews recent advances in the design of metal complexes suitable for DNP MAS NMR as exogenous electron sources. In parallel, current strategies that exploit metal ions as endogenous polarization sources are discussed. Section 6 briefly describes the recent introduction of mixed-valence radicals. In the last part, experimental aspects regarding sample formulation are reviewed to make best use of these polarizing agents in a broad panel of application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Menzildjian
- Centre de RMN à, Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 5 Rue de la doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Judith Schlagnitweit
- Centre de RMN à, Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 5 Rue de la doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Gilles Casano
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - David Gajan
- Centre de RMN à, Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 5 Rue de la doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre de RMN à, Très Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 5 Rue de la doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
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36
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Quan Y, Subramanya MVH, Ouyang Y, Mardini M, Dubroca T, Hill S, Griffin RG. Coherent Dynamic Nuclear Polarization using Chirped Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4748-4753. [PMID: 37184391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a study of coherent dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using frequency swept pulses at 94 GHz which optimize the polarization transfer efficiency. Accordingly, an enhancement ε ∼ 496 was observed using 10 mM trityl-OX063 as the polarizing agent in a standard 6:3:1 d8-glycerol/D2O/H2O glassing matrix at 70 K. At present, this is the largest DNP enhancement reported at this microwave frequency and temperature. Furthermore, the frequency swept pulses enhance the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal and reduce the recycle delay, accelerating the NMR signal acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Quan
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Manoj V H Subramanya
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Yifu Ouyang
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Mardini
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thierry Dubroca
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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37
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Wong A. A roadmap to high-resolution standard microcoil MAS NMR spectroscopy for metabolomics. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4683. [PMID: 34970795 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current microcoil probe technology has emerged as a significant advancement in NMR applications to biofluids research. It has continued to excel as a hyphenated tool with other prominent microdevices, opening many new possibilities in multiple omics fields. However, this does not hold for biological samples such as intact tissue or organisms, due to the considerable challenges of incorporating the microcoil in a magic-angle spinning (MAS) probe without relinquishing the high-resolution spectral data. Not until 2012 did a microcoil MAS probe show promise in profiling the metabolome in a submilligram tissue biopsy with spectral resolution on par with conventional high-resolution MAS (HR-MAS) NMR. This result subsequently triggered a great interest in the possibility of NMR analysis with microgram tissues and striving toward the probe development of "high-resolution" capable microcoil MAS NMR spectroscopy. This review gives an overview of the issues and challenges in the probe development and summarizes the advancements toward metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wong
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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38
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Aladin V, Sreemantula AK, Biedenbänder T, Marchanka A, Corzilius B. Specific Signal Enhancement on an RNA-Protein Interface by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203443. [PMID: 36533705 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity and specificity are both crucial for the efficient solid-state NMR structure determination of large biomolecules. We present an approach that features both advantages by site-specific enhancement of NMR spectroscopic signals from the protein-RNA binding site within a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). This approach uses modern biochemical techniques for sparse isotope labeling and exploits the molecular dynamics of 13 C-labeled methyl groups exclusively present in the protein. These dynamics drive heteronuclear cross relaxation and thus allow specific hyperpolarization transfer across the biomolecular complex's interface. For the example of the L7Ae protein in complex with a 26mer guide RNA minimal construct from the box C/D complex in archaea, we demonstrate that a single methyl-nucleotide contact is responsible for most of the polarization transfer to the RNA, and that this specific transfer can be used to boost both NMR spectral sensitivity and specificity by DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Aladin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arun K Sreemantula
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and, Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Biedenbänder
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Marchanka
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and, Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Corzilius
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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39
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Karmakar A, Bernard GM, Pominov A, Tabassum T, Chaklashiya R, Han S, Jain SK, Michaelis VK. Triangulating Dopant-Level Mn(II) Insertion in a Cs 2NaBiCl 6 Double Perovskite Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4485-4499. [PMID: 36787417 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free metal halide double perovskites are gaining increasing attention for optoelectronic applications. Specifically, doping metal halide double perovskites using transition metals enables broadband tailorability of the optical bandgap for these emerging semiconducting materials. One candidate material is Mn(II)-doped Cs2NaBiCl6, but the nature of Mn(II) insertion on chemical structure is poorly understood due to low Mn loading. It is critical to determine the atomic-level structure at the site of Mn(II) incorporation in doped perovskites to better understand the structure-property relationships in these materials and thus to advance their applicability to optoelectronic applications. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is uniquely qualified to address this, and thus a comprehensive three-pronged strategy, involving solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies, is used to identify the location of Mn(II) insertion in Cs2NaBiCl6. Multinuclear (23Na, 35Cl, 133Cs, and 209Bi) one-dimensional (1D) magnetic resonance spectra reveal a low level of Mn(II) incorporation, with select spins affected by paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) induced by Mn(II) neighbors. EPR measurements confirm the oxidation state, octahedral symmetry, and low doping levels of the Mn(II) centers. Complementary EPR and NMR measurements confirm that the cubic structure is maintained with Mn(II) incorporation at room temperature, but the structure deviates slightly from cubic symmetry at low temperatures (<30 K). HYperfine Sublevel CORrelation (HYSCORE) EPR spectroscopy explores the electron-nuclear correlations of Mn(II) with 23Na, 133Cs, and 35Cl. The absence of 209Bi correlations suggests that Bi centers are replaced by Mn(II). Endogenous DNP NMR measurements from Mn(II) → 133Cs (<30 K) reveal that the solid effect is the dominant mechanism for DNP transfer and supports that Mn(II) is homogeneously distributed within the double-perovskite structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhoy Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Guy M Bernard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Arkadii Pominov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tarnuma Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Raj Chaklashiya
- Materials Department, University of California─Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sheetal K Jain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Solid-State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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40
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Chen J, Wang F, Wen Y, Tang W, Peng L. Emerging Applications of 17O Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy for Catalytic Oxides. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Luming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling (FSC-CEMaC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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41
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Saul P, Schröder L, Schmidt AB, Hövener JB. Nanomaterials for hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1879. [PMID: 36781151 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials play an important role in the development and application of hyperpolarized materials for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this context they can not only act as hyperpolarized materials which are directly imaged but also play a role as carriers for hyperpolarized gases and catalysts for para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) to generate hyperpolarized substrates for metabolic imaging. Those three application possibilities are discussed, focusing on carbon-based materials for the directly imaged particles. An overview over recent developments in all three fields is given, including the early developments in each field as well as important steps towards applications in MRI, such as making the initially developed methods more biocompatible and first imaging experiments with spatial resolution in either phantoms or in vivo studies. Focusing on the important features nanomaterials need to display to be applicable in the MRI context, a wide range of different approaches to that extent is covered, giving the reader a general idea of different possibilities as well as recent developments in those different fields of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Saul
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Division of Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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42
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Kim J, Heo I, Luu QS, Nguyen QT, Do UT, Whiting N, Yang SH, Huh YM, Min SJ, Shim JH, Yoo WC, Lee Y. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Selectively 29Si-Enriched Core@shell Silica Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2023; 95:907-916. [PMID: 36514301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
29Si silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes that possess advantageous properties for in vivo applications, including suitable biocompatibility, tailorable properties, and high water dispersibility. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is used to enhance 29Si MR signals via enhanced nuclear spin alignment; to date, there has been limited success employing DNP for SiO2 NPs due to the lack of endogenous electronic defects that are required for the process. To create opportunities for SiO2-based 29Si MRI probes, we synthesized variously featured SiO2 NPs with selective 29Si isotope enrichment on homogeneous and core@shell structures (shell thickness: 10 nm, core size: 40 nm), and identified the critical factors for optimal DNP signal enhancement as well as the effective hyperpolarization depth when using an exogenous radical. Based on the synthetic design, this critical factor is the proportion of 29Si in the shell layer regardless of core enrichment. Furthermore, the effective depth of hyperpolarization is less than 10 nm between the surface and core, which demonstrates an approximately 40% elongated diffusion length for the shell-enriched NPs compared to the natural abundance NPs. This improved regulation of surface properties facilitates the development of isotopically enriched SiO2 NPs as hyperpolarized contrast agents for in vivo MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Incheol Heo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Quy Son Luu
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Quynh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Uyen Thi Do
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey08028, United States
| | - Seung-Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Nanomedical Science and Technology, Nanomedical National Core Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea.,YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Shim
- Quantum Magnetic Imaging Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon34113, South Korea.,Department of Applied Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon34113, South Korea
| | - Won Cheol Yoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Youngbok Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
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43
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Gan Z. An analytical treatment of electron spectral saturation for dynamic nuclear polarization NMR of rotating solids. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:024114. [PMID: 36641384 DOI: 10.1063/5.0109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturation of electron magnetization by microwave irradiation under magic-angle spinning (MAS) is studied theoretically. The saturation is essential for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance signals. For a spin with a large g-anisotropy and a long T1 relative to the rotor period, the sample rotation distributes saturation to the whole powder sample spectrum. Analytical expressions for the saturation and frequency profiles are obtained. For a pair of coupled electrons such as those in bis-nitroxides, which are commonly used for MAS DNP, an el-er model (where el and er stand for electrons on the left and the right, respectively, in their spectral positions) is introduced to simplify the analysis of a coupled two-spin system under MAS. For such a system, strong electron couplings exchange magnetization during dipolar/J rotor events when the two electron frequencies cross each other. The exchange is equivalent to a swap of the el and er electrons. This allows for the treatment of a coupled spin pair as two independent spins such that an analytical solution can be obtained for the steady-state magnetization and the difference between the two electrons. The theoretical study with its analytical result provides a simple physical picture of electron saturation under MAS and of how radical properties and experimental parameters affect cross-effect DNP. The effects of depolarization and the extension to more coupled electron spins are also discussed using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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44
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Tan KO, Yang L, Mardini M, Cheong CB, Driesschaert B, Dincă M, Griffin RG. Observing Nearby Nuclei on Paramagnetic Trityls and MOFs via DNP and Electron Decoupling. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202556. [PMID: 36089532 PMCID: PMC9795816 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is an NMR sensitivity enhancement technique that mediates polarization transfer from unpaired electrons to NMR-active nuclei. Despite its success in elucidating important structural information on biological and inorganic materials, the detailed polarization-transfer pathway from the electrons to the nearby and then the bulk solvent nuclei, and finally to the molecules of interest-remains unclear. In particular, the nuclei in the paramagnetic polarizing agent play significant roles in relaying the enhanced NMR polarizations to more remote nuclei. Despite their importance, the direct NMR observation of these nuclei is challenging because of poor sensitivity. Here, we show that a combined DNP and electron decoupling approach can facilitate direct NMR detection of these nuclei. We achieved an ∼80 % improvement in NMR intensity via electron decoupling at 0.35 T and 80 K on trityl radicals. Moreover, we recorded a DNP enhancement factor of ϵ ${\varepsilon{} }$ ∼90 and ∼11 % higher NMR intensity using electron decoupling on paramagnetic metal-organic framework, magnesium hexaoxytriphenylene (MgHOTP MOF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Ooi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139 (USA),Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139 (USA),Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Luming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139 (USA),Research Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen 37077 (Germany)
| | - Michael Mardini
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139 (USA),Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139 (USA)
| | - Choon Boon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139 (USA),Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139 (USA),Institute of Sustainability for ChemicalsEnergy and Environment, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833 (Singapore)
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV-2650 (USA)
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139 (USA)
| | - Robert G. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139 (USA),Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139 (USA)
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45
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Le D, Frison A, Masmoudi Y, Bouledjouidja A, Thureau P, Mollica G, Badens E, Ziarelli F, Viel S. Supercritical CO 2 impregnation process applied to polymer samples preparation for dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state NMR. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:1171-1177. [PMID: 36049117 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, supercritical CO2 (scCO2 ) was used to impregnate polymers with paramagnetic polarizing agents to prepare samples for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid-state NMR (ssNMR) experiments. As a proof of concept, we impregnated polystyrene samples with bTbK, which stands for bis-TEMPO-bisketal where TEMPO is 2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperindin-1-oxyl. Substantial DNP signal enhancements could be measured on DNP-enhanced 1 H → 13 C cross-polarization (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) spectra recorded at 9.4 T and ~100 K, reaching a maximum value of 8 in the most favorable case, which appeared comparable or even higher than what is typically obtained on similar systems for former sample preparation methods. These results highlight the potential of scCO2 impregnation as an efficient and possibly versatile methodology to prepare polymer samples for DNP ssNMR investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Le
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Amélie Frison
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Marseille, France
| | - Yasmine Masmoudi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Badens
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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46
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Döller SC, Gutmann T, Hoffmann M, Buntkowsky G. A case study on the influence of hydrophilicity on the signal enhancement by dynamic nuclear polarization. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 122:101829. [PMID: 36116176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the behavior of four different commercially available polarizing agents is investigated employing the non-ionic model surfactant 1-octanol as analyte. A relative method for the comparison of the proportion of the direct and indirect polarization transfer pathways is established, allowing a direct comparison of the polarization efficacy for different radicals and different parts of the 1-octanol molecule despite differences in radical concentration or sample amount. With this approach, it could be demonstrated that the hydrophilicity is a key factor in the way polarization is transferred from the polarizing agent to the analyte. These findings are confirmed by the determination of buildup times Tb, illustrating that the choice of polarizing agent plays an essential role in ensuring an optimal polarization transfer and therefore the maximum amount of enhancement possible for DNP enhanced NMR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C Döller
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, State University of New York College at Brockport, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Shimon D, Cantwell K, Joseph L, Ramanathan C. Room temperature DNP of diamond powder using frequency modulation. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 122:101833. [PMID: 36209552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a method of enhancing NMR signals via the transfer of polarization from electron spins to nuclear spins using microwave (MW) irradiation. In most cases, monochromatic continuous-wave (MCW) MW irradiation is used. Recently, several groups have shown that frequency modulation of the MW irradiation can result in an additional increase in DNP enhancement above that obtained with MCW. The effect of frequency modulation on the solid effect (SE) and the cross effect (CE) has previously been studied using the stable organic radical 4-hydroxy TEMPO (TEMPOL) at temperatures under 20 K. Here, in addition to the SE and CE, we discuss the effect of frequency modulation on the Overhauser effect (OE) and the truncated CE (tCE) in the room-temperature 13C-DNP of diamond powders. We recently showed that diamond powders can exhibit multiple DNP mechanisms simultaneously due to the heterogeneity of P1 (substitutional nitrogen) environments within diamond crystallites. We explore how the two parameters that define the frequency modulation: (i) the Modulation frequency, fm (how fast the microwave frequency is varied) and (ii) the Modulation amplitude, Δω (the magnitude of the change in microwave frequency) influence the enhancement obtained via each mechanism. Frequency modulation during DNP not only allows us to improve DNP enhancement, but also gives us a way to control which DNP mechanism is most active. By choosing the appropriate modulation parameters, we can selectively enhance some mechanisms while simultaneously suppressing others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Shimon
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
| | - Kelly Cantwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Linta Joseph
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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Mentink-Vigier F, Eddy S, Gullion T. MAS-DNP enables NMR studies of insect wings. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 122:101838. [PMID: 36410100 PMCID: PMC9722638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
NMR is a valuable tool for studying insects. Solid-state NMR has been used to obtain the chemical composition and gain insight into the sclerotization process of exoskeletons. There is typically little difficulty in obtaining sufficient sample quantity for exoskeletons. However, obtaining enough sample of other insect components for solid-state NMR experiments can be problematic while isotopically enriching them is near impossible. This is especially the case for insect wing membranes which is of interest to us. Issues with obtaining sufficient sample are the thickness of wing membranes is on the order of microns, each membrane region is surrounded by veins and occupies a small area, and the membranes are separated from the wing by physical dissection. Accordingly, NMR signal enhancement methods are needed. MAS-DNP has a track record of providing significant signal enhancements for a wide variety of materials. Here we demonstrate that MAS-DNP is useful for providing high quality one-dimensional and two-dimensional solid-state NMR spectra on cicada wing membrane at natural isotopic abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Mentink-Vigier
- CIMAR/NMR National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Samuel Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Terry Gullion
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Juramy M, Mollica G. Recent Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Strategies for Time-Resolved Atomic-Level Investigation of Crystallization from Solution. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Shimon D, Cantwell KA, Joseph L, Williams EQ, Peng Z, Takahashi S, Ramanathan C. Large Room Temperature Bulk DNP of 13C via P1 Centers in Diamond. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:17777-17787. [PMID: 36304670 PMCID: PMC9589901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We use microwave-induced dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of the substitutional nitrogen defects (P1 centers) in diamond to hyperpolarize bulk 13C nuclei in both single crystal and powder samples at room temperature at 3.34 T. The large (>100-fold) enhancements demonstrated correspond to a greater than 10 000-fold improvement in terms of signal averaging of the 1% abundant 13C spins. The DNP was performed using low-power solid state sources under static (nonspinning) conditions. The DNP spectrum (DNP enhancement as a function of microwave frequency) of diamond powder shows features that broadly correlate with the EPR spectrum. A well-defined negative Overhauser peak and two solid effect peaks are observed for the central (m I = 0) manifold of the 14N spins. Previous low temperature measurements in diamond had measured a positive Overhauser enhancement in this manifold. Frequency-chirped millimeter-wave excitation of the electron spins is seen to significantly improve the enhancements for the two outer nuclear spin manifolds (mI = ±1) and to blur some of the sharper features associated with the central manifold. The outer lines are best fit using a combination of the cross effect and the truncated cross effect, which is known to mimic features of an Overhauser effect. Similar features are also observed in experiments on single crystal samples. The observation of all of these mechanisms in a single material system under the same experimental conditions is likely due to the significant heterogeneity of the high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) type Ib diamond samples used. Large room temperature DNP enhancements at fields above a few tesla enable spectroscopic studies with better chemical shift resolution under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Shimon
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem9190401, Israel
| | - Kelly A. Cantwell
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire03755, United States
| | - Linta Joseph
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire03755, United States
| | - Ethan Q. Williams
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire03755, United States
| | - Zaili Peng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| | - Susumu Takahashi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| | - Chandrasekhar Ramanathan
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire03755, United States
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