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Jeong B, An J, Nam K. Derivation of ecotoxicologically acceptable Cu concentrations in soil from different land uses in South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124670. [PMID: 39103037 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish ecotoxicologically acceptable Cu concentrations for soil-residing species by integrating the biotic ligand model and the species sensitivity distribution. Statistical analyses were performed on 35 soil solution samples collected from four distinct land use sites: residential, agricultural, forested, and industrial regions. The environmental parameters of these samples, including pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Ca2⁺, Mg2⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ concentrations, exhibited wide variations across the four regions. Specifically, pH and the concentrations of Mg2⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ showed significant variability. Additionally, a strong correlation was observed between pH and Ca2⁺, as well as between the DOC concentration and Mg2⁺ and Na⁺. Using the biotic ligand model, we derived the half-maximal effective activities of Cu (EC50{Cu2+}) for 10 soil organisms based on the chemical compositions of the soil solution samples. Additionally, a species sensitivity distribution approach was employed to determine the 5% hazardous concentration (HC5) for soil biota, which was closely associated with DOC and Na⁺ concentrations, with Mg2⁺ playing a secondary role. We attributed these relationships to the formation of DOC complexes that mitigate Cu toxicity, along with competitive interactions with cations. Notably, HC5 values did not differ significantly across sampling sites (p = 0.523). Clustering based on environmental factors grouped the samples into four clusters, each containing soils from different land use types. However, the third cluster included an outlier from agricultural soil due to its unusually high pH and DOC levels. These findings suggest that it is crucial to consider site-specific soil characteristics when determining ecotoxicologically acceptable Cu concentrations, and soil solution characteristics do not always align with specific land use patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Jeong
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung An
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungphile Nam
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Laha T, Gupta N, Pal M, Koley A, Masto RE, Hoque RR, Balachandran S. Chemical speciation and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in playground soil of bell metal commercial town of Eastern India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:453. [PMID: 39320529 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Contaminated playground soils can expose players to harmful pollutants, increasing the risk of respiratory, skin, and gastrointestinal issues and potentially impacting long-term health and development. This study investigated the chemical forms and the human health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) found in playground soil samples from Khagra, a historic town known for its bell metal industry, located in the Murshidabad district of eastern India. Sequential extraction techniques were employed to analyze the distribution of PTEs such as As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, Ni, Sn, and Zn among different fractions: exchangeable (F1), bound to carbonate phase (F2), bound to iron and manganese oxides (F3), bound to organic matter (F4), and residual (F5). The playground soil showed the highest contamination with Sn, with an IPOLL value of 3.14, indicating moderate to heavy contamination, while Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn exhibit moderate contamination. The mean concentration of PTEs in all fractions (F1-F5) follows the order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Sn > Ni > Co > As > Cd. The maximum affinity of PTEs and their percentages are as follows: Fe (F5, 80.6%), As (F5, 55.31%), Cd (F5, 48.8), Co (F5, 64.9%), Mn (F3, 44%), Ni (F5, 53.2%), Pb (F3, 44.7%), Zn (F3, -43.19%), Sn (F3, 55%), Cu (F5 -42.18). As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, and Ni have a high affinity for F5, indicating geogenic source, while Mn, Pb, Sn, and Zn have a high affinity for F3, indicating anthropogenic source. Fe-Mn oxide partition was dominant for nearly all PTEs due to elevated sorption of cations onto Fe-Mn oxides at high pH. The risk assessment code for Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sn, and Zn in playground soil is categorized under moderate risk, below 30%, while other elements showed no risk. Also, mobility factors were calculated for each PTEs, suggesting the degree of mobility that PTEs can easily migrate and be taken up, absorbed, or adsorbed by the human body. The mobility factor in playground soil was higher for Sn (59.89%) followed by Mn (54.24%) > Pb (52.91%) > Zn (52.01%) > Cd (39.49%) > Ni (33.20%) > As (30.39%) > Co (26.56%) > Cu (21.24%) > Fe (11.20%). Risk hazard quotients for children and adults were found to follow the order: Pb (0.263; 0.040), Cu (0.098; 0.015) > As(0.056; 0.008) > Mn (0.045; 0.009) > Zn(0.36; 0.05) > Cd(0.006; 0.001) > Ni (0.004; 0.001) > Co (0.001; 0.0). PTEs detected in the environment result from atmospheric deposition from small-scale metallurgical industries (bell metal and brass), coal and oil combustion, civil works, municipal waste incineration, and fugitive emissions from road dust. The human non-carcinogenic health risk for PTEs from ingestion and dermal contact was higher than that from inhalation. In the context of carcinogenic risk, As shows the highest health risk of 2.51E-05, followed by Cd (1.02E-09) and Co (8.14E-09). This study uniquely assesses the chemical speciation of PTEs in playground soils, revealing their geogenic and anthropogenic sources, and evaluates associated health risks. Policy intervention is vital for monitoring and remediating PTEs in playgrounds to protect children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Laha
- Department of Environmental Studies, Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Nitu Gupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Mousumi Pal
- Department of Environmental Studies, Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Apurba Koley
- Department of Environmental Studies, Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Reginald Ebin Masto
- Environmental Management Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Digwadih Campus), Jharkhand, 828108, India
| | - Raza Rafiqul Hoque
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Srinivasan Balachandran
- Department of Environmental Studies, Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India.
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Ye Z, Chen J, Liang Z, Wu P, Li R, Gopalakrishnan G. Contamination, fraction, and source apportionment of heavy metals in sediment of an industrialized urban river in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119936. [PMID: 39260720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an analysis of the heavy metal concentrations, health risk assessment, fraction and source interpretation in surface and core sediments from main stream of the Pearl River and Pearl River Estuary (RRE) area. Results showed that the higher deposited heavy metal concentrations in sediments occur at the Pearl River. The concentrations of heavy metals in surface sediments from the studied locations are in a descending order: Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd. Regarding chemical fractions, Cd showed the highest proportion of acid soluble fraction (F1) among all studied heavy metals. The high mobility of Cd poses a significant threat to water bodies and the surrounding environment. The potential ecological risk index (RI) showed the Pearl River sediments exhibited significantly higher values than the estuary sediments. Cd was found to be the primary contributor to potential ecological risk, accounting for 74% of RI. The health risk assessment showed the total hazard index (HI) for child was exceeded 1 mainly driven by Zn, indicating that the child population was at risk of non-carcinogenic effects. Besides, unacceptable carcinogenic risk in both Pearl River and estuary area were observed for children. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to ascertain sources of six heavy metals and apportion their contributions in sediments. The results showed that the source contributions of natural, industrial, and mixed sources from coal combustion and traffic emissions accounted for 39.81%, 34.10%, 26.10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Ye
- School of Geography and Tourism, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China.
| | - Jianyao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zuobing Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Pengbao Wu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Rui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Dodd M, Lee D, Nelson J, Verenitch S, Wilson R. In vitro bioaccessibility round robin testing for arsenic and lead in standard reference materials and soil samples. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:1486-1495. [PMID: 38329200 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the suitability of using a standard reference material (SRM) other than National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 2710a or NIST 2711a in USEPA Method 1340 to determine arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) and the capabilities of Canadian-based laboratories to perform the method. Five laboratories participated in an initial round robin study and analyzed NIST 2710a, NIST 2711a, BGS119, and Enviromat SS-2. Intra- and inter-laboratory variability were generally acceptable with percentage relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 20%. The mean total As and Pb concentrations obtained for BGS119 (332 and 936 mg/kg, respectively) and the mean IVBA values (As = 14.3% and Pb = 78.1%) suggested it may be a suitable and acceptable SRM, whereas the concentration of As in Enviromat SS-2 as received (3.2 mg/kg) was deemed too low. Ten soil samples from sites with varying land use were analyzed in a follow-up round robin study using the modified IVBA method that included BGS119 as SRM. The concentrations of As and Pb in the IVBA extracts reported by the participating laboratories were comparable. The mean As IVBA values for the field-collected samples ranged from 0.1% to 56.4%; for Pb, they ranged from 7.0% to 121%. The lowest IVBA values were measured in mine site samples; the highest values were associated with smelter-affected soils. The low IVBA values correlated with high iron content. Intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility were acceptable (RSD < 30%). Based on the findings of the study, laboratories can use the modified method to provide reproducible and comparable As and Pb IVBA data. The use of BGS119 as an alternative SRM to assess contaminated sites in the province of British Columbia for regulatory purposes is recommended, as it is representative of As and Pb concentrations in contaminated soils in British Columbia. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1486-1495. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Dodd
- Royal Roads University, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna Lee
- Health Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jasen Nelson
- BC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sergei Verenitch
- Aquatech EnviroScience Laboratories Inc., Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ross Wilson
- Wilson Scientific Consulting Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Ryoo S, Ro HM. Soil pollution identification and human health risk assessment of soil heavy metals in an abandoned mine area in the Republic of Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39206867 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2394622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Human Health Risk Assessment (HRA), and Ecological Risk Index (ERI) were utilized to examine the risks associated with the soils at the DaeyangYeongseong mine. Brassica juncea and Raphanus sativus were employed in the ecological toxicity test. In all soil samples, the mean Igeo value of arsenic measured 3.15, and cadmium measured 6.63, indicating a very high level of heavy metal contamination. The carcinogenic risk of cadmium and arsenic for adults was 4.30×10-3 and 1.43×10-5, respectively. For children, these values were 3.92 × 10-2 and 1.33 ×10-4, exceeding the acceptable level (1×10-6). In all soils, cadmium showed extremely high ecological risk levels, and arsenic had extremely high risk levels in 34.8% of the total area. This was also confirmed in toxicity assessments using plants. Therefore, arsenic and cadmium were found to be the main causes of soil contamination and ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeon Ryoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Myong Ro
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Rajput U, Swami D, Joshi N. Geospatial analysis of toxic metal contamination in groundwater and associated health risks in the lower Himalayan industrial region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173328. [PMID: 38777062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Once known for its clean and natural environment, the lower Himalayan region is now no exception to human-induced disturbances. Rapid industrial growth in Baddi-Barotiwala (BB) industrial region has led to degradation of groundwater resources in the area. Groundwater samples were collected from 37 locations to study the groundwater chemistry, geospatial variation of 15 toxic metals in groundwater, source apportionment, metals of concern and associated health risks in the region. The results showed rock dominated hydrogeology with decreasing order of anion and cation abundance as HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > NO3- > Br- > F- and Ca+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Li+ respectively. Concentrations of Iron (BDL-3.6 mg/l), Nickel (BDL-0.023 mg/l), Barium (0.22-0.89 mg/l), Lead (0.0001-0.085 mg/l) and Zinc (0.006-21.4 mg/l) were found above the permissible limits at few locations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and coefficient of variance (CV) showed both geogenic and anthropogenic origin of metals in groundwater of the BB industrial region. A consistent concentration of Uranium was detected at all the sampling locations with an average value of 0.0039 mg/l and poor spatial variation indicating its natural presence. Overall, non-carcinogenic (N-CR) risk in the study area via oral pathway was high for adults and children (Hazard Index > 1) with geogenic Uranium as the major contributor (Hazard Quotient > 1) followed by Zinc, Lead and Cobalt. Carcinogenic (CR) risk in the region was high for adults having mean value above the threshold (1E-04) with Nickel and Chromium as the metals of major concern. Spatial variation of health risks was overlayed on village boundaries of the region to identify the potential industrial sources of the metals of major concern. The results highlight the need for immediate remediation of groundwater resources in order to achieve a harmonious coexistence between industrialization and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Rajput
- School of Civil and Environmental engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Deepak Swami
- School of Civil and Environmental engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India.
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, 181221, India.
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Hu T, Lin Y, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Yu H, Yang Z, Meng F. Microbial electrochemical enhanced composting of sludge and kitchen waste: Electricity generation, composting efficiency and health risk assessment for land use. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35678. [PMID: 39170487 PMCID: PMC11336836 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To realize the energy and resource utilization from organic solid waste, a two-phase microbial desalination cell (TPMDC) was constructed using dewatered sludge and kitchen waste as the anode substrate. The performance of electricity generation and composting efficacy was investigated, along with a comprehensive assessment of the potential health risks associated with the land use of the resulting mixed compost products. Experimental outcomes revealed a maximum open-circuit voltage of 0.893 ± 0.005 V and a maximum volumetric power density of 0.797 ± 0.009 W/m³. After 90 days of composting enhanced by microbial electrochemistry, a significant organic matter removal rate of 31.13 ± 0.44 % was obtained, and the anode substrate electric conductivity was reduced by 30.02 ± 0.04 % based on the anode desalination. Simultaneously, there was an increase in the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as an improvement in the seed germination index. The forms of heavy metals shifted from bioavailable to stable residual states. The non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) values for heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the land use of compost products were less than 1, and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values for heavy metals and PAHs were below the acceptable threshold of 10-4. The occupational population risk of infection from five pathogens was higher than that of the general public, with all risk values ranging from 8.67 × 10-8 to 1, where the highest risk was attributed to occupational exposure to Legionella. These outcomes demonstrated that the mixture of dewatered sludge and kitchen waste was an appropriate anode substrate to enhance TPMDC stability for electricity generation, and its compost products have promising land use suitability and acceptable land use risk, which will provide important guidance for the safe treatment and disposal of organic solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Hu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yunhan Lin
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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Zhang M, Cheng L, Yue Z, Peng L, Xiao L. Assessment of heavy metal(oid) pollution and related health risks in agricultural soils surrounding a coal gangue dump from an abandoned coal mine in Chongqing, Southwest China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18667. [PMID: 39134701 PMCID: PMC11319343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The coal gangue dump may introduce heavy metal(oid)s (HMs) into surrounding agricultural soils, posing potential health risks to nearby communities. This study evaluated heavy metal(oid) pollution in agricultural soils adjacent to a gangue dump at an abandoned coal mine in Chongqing, Southwest China. The concentrations of HMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were quantified using ICP-MS, and the contamination status was assessed using the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI). Heavy metal(oid) contamination was detected in soils across a depth of 0-30 cm, particularly pronounced in the topsoil layer (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths). Cu emerged as the predominant contaminant across all examined depths, with average Igeo values of 1.20, 1.21, and 1.16 for the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm depths, respectively, indicating moderate contamination. The CF for Cu was 3.55, 3.55, and 3.50 for these respective depths, classifying it as considerable contamination. The PLI values ranged from 1.61 to 2.50, with a mean value of 2.12, indicating overall contamination. The ecological risk assessment indicated that the soil's ecological risk was low at all depths. Cd was the major contributor to the RI, accounting for 48%, 47%, and 42% at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm depths, respectively. Health risk assessments revealed significant non-carcinogenic risks to children (mean HI = 1.30) and unacceptable carcinogenic risks to both adults and children (mean TCR = 3.26 × 10-4 and 1.53 × 10-3, respectively). This study underscores the critical need for comprehensive risk assessments using multiple indicators to prioritize remediation efforts for HMs, providing a scientific basis for effective environmental management and public health protection in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liusan Cheng
- Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, 402260, China
| | - Zhihui Yue
- Meishan Vocational and Technical College, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Qingyuan Polytechnic, Qingyuan, 511510, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China
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Liao X, Huang L, Luo X, Zhang L, Lu L, Luo D, Luo W. Distribution and health risk of chromium in wheat grains at the national scale in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134846. [PMID: 38852247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) pollution may threaten food safety in China. In this study, the concentration, pollution level, distribution, and non-cancer risk of Cr in wheat grains grown in 186 areas across 28 provinces in China were investigated. Results indicated that mean concentration of Cr was 0.28 ± 2.5 mg/kg, dry mass (dm). Of the samples, 7.5 % were found to be polluted with Cr. The mean concentrations were in the following order: Northwest > Northeast > South > East > North > Southwest > Central China. Based on deterministic models, mean hazard quotient (HQ) values for adult males, adult females, and children were 0.11 ± 3.4, 0.11 ± 3.4, and 0.13 ± 3.5, respectively with < 6 % of HQ values ≥ 1. Eleven sites in northern China were identified as hotspots, whereas Gansu Province and Northwestern China were labeled as priority provinces and regions for risk control. The mean HQ values estimated by probabilistic risk assessment were two times greater than those estimated using deterministic models. The risk probabilities for adult males, adult females, and children were 4.81 %, 3.78 %, and 6.55 %, respectively. This study provides valuable information on Cr pollution in wheat grains and its risks at a national scale in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudong Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dezhao Luo
- Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Bantan RA, Ghandour IM, El-Kahawy RM, Aljahdali MH, Althagafi AA, Al-Mur BA, Quicksall AN. Environmental assessment of toxic heavy metals in bottom sediments of the Sharm Obhur, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116675. [PMID: 38972221 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The concentrations, spatial distributions, pollution level, and health risks of heavy metals in sediments of the Sharm Obhur, Northern Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were evaluated. Average concentrations were found to be: Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > As>Pb with the highest concentrations found near the head of the sharm, and decreasing towards the mouth. Environmental indices, together with the statistical analyses, showed that the sharm experiences a low to moderate degree of pollution. Sampling sites with heavy metal contamination are concentrated near the head and the southern coast of the sharm, where intensive human activities associated with a boat dock, construction, and recreation are common. The mean carcinogenic risk (CR) values of As, Cr and Ni are at permissible level suggesting unlikely adverse impacts of heavy metals on human health. Despite acceptable CR values; however, serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health threats from metals may yet be an issue particularly for sensitive populations such as children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad A Bantan
- Department of Marine Geology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim M Ghandour
- Department of Marine Geology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ramadan M El-Kahawy
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed H Aljahdali
- Department of Marine Geology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas A Althagafi
- Department of Marine Geology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar A Al-Mur
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andrew N Quicksall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Apori SO, Giltrap M, Dunne J, Tian F. Human health and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil of different peatland use types. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33624. [PMID: 39040418 PMCID: PMC11260962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Peatlands, known for their ability to retain and immobilize heavy metals due to unique waterlogged conditions and organic matter, face challenges when subjected to disturbances such as land use changes. These disruptions alter the organic matter, redox potential, and pH of the peatsoil, potentially influencing the migration, mobilization, and increased availability of stored heavy metals. Peatsoil samples from various peatland use types (improved and semi-natural grassland, forest, industrial cutaway bog) were collected to assess the human health and ecological risk associated with heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in Co-Offaly, Ireland. Results reveal variations in heavy metal concentrations across peatland use types, with Cd, Hg, and Pb in improved and semi-natural grassland peatsoils exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible safety limits. Contamination factors (CF) were higher in improved grassland, especially for Cd and Pb, exceeding one. Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment indicates acceptable overall risk levels, though variations exist between improved grassland, unimproved grassland, forest, and industrial cutaway bog. Combined exposure routes (dermal, ingestion and inhalation routes) to all heavy metals do not exceed safe exposure levels (indicating low non-carcinogenic risks. However, the cancer risk (CR) exceeds acceptable thresholds across all use types, with higher CR in improved grassland, especially for children. Overall, the findings emphasize the need for careful consideration of heavy metal risks associated with land use changes in peatlands, particularly in the improved grassland areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Obeng Apori
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, D07ADY7, Dublin, Ireland
- Nanolab Research Centre, Physical to Life Sciences Hub, Technological University Dublin, D08 CKP1, 11 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Giltrap
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, D07ADY7, Dublin, Ireland
- FOCAS Research Institute, Radiation and Environmental Science Centre, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, D08C KP1, 11 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Dunne
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, D07ADY7, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Furong Tian
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, D07ADY7, Dublin, Ireland
- Nanolab Research Centre, Physical to Life Sciences Hub, Technological University Dublin, D08 CKP1, 11 Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Chen R, Hu M, Cheng N, Shi R, Ma T, Wang W, Huang W. Prediction of the bioaccessibility and accumulation of cadmium in the soil-rice-human system based on optimized DGT and BCR coupled models. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116509. [PMID: 38833979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium, as a typical heavy metal, has the potential to induce soil pollution and threaten human health through the soil-plant-human pathway. The conventional evaluation method based on the total content in soil cannot accurately represent the content migrated from the food chain to plants and the human body. Previous studies focused on the process of plant enrichment of heavy metals in soil, and very few studies directly predicted human exposure or risk through the labile state of Cd in soil. Hence, a relatively accurate and convenient prediction model of Cd release and translocation in the soil-rice-human system was developed. This model utilizes available Cd and soil parameters to predict the bioavailability of Cd in soil, as well as the in vitro bioaccessibility of Cd in cooked rice. The bioavailability of Cd was determined by the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films technology and BCR sequential extraction procedure, offering in-situ quantification, which presents a significant advantage over traditional monitoring methods and aligns closely with the actual uptake of heavy metals by plants. The experimental results show that the prediction model based on the concentration of heavy metal forms measured by BCR sequential extraction procedure and diffusive gradients in thin-films technique can accurately predict the Cd uptake in rice grains, gastric and gastrointestinal phase (R2=0.712, 0.600 and 0.629). This model accurately predicts Cd bioavailability and bioaccessibility across the soil-rice-human pathway, informing actual human Cd intake, offering scientific support for developing more effective risk assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rongguang Shi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Tiantian Ma
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Bao Gang Group Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Baotou 014000, China
| | - Wenyang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Technology for Intelligent Transportation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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13
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Li H, Yao J, Min N, Sunahara G, Zhao Y, Duran R. Considering the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s for risk assessment of soils affected by different non-ferrous metal activities in Southwest China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134527. [PMID: 38735184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Toxic metal(loid)s released into the soil by non-ferrous metal mining and smelting activities pose a serious threat to residents and the surrounding ecosystem. Considering only total metal(loid) concentrations likely overestimates routine (eco)toxicological risk assessment of soil. We hypothesize that considering metal(loid) bioavailability/accessibility will improve the accuracy of risk assessment. To test this hypothesis, four mining areas in Southwest China, including mining and surrounding sites, were studied. Bioavailability was determined considering metal(loid)s leached by a simulated strong acid rain (SSAR) treatment. In the four areas, the mining site showed higher cumulative releases of metal(loid)s under SSAR treatment than the agricultural field located in the surrounding sites. Thus, the bioavailable metal(loid)s contents were continuously being released during SSAR treatment and likely increased the environmental risk. Ecological and health risk assessment of soil, calculated using total metal(loid)s content, was corrected considering bioavailable/accessible metal(loid)s, which was determined by the heavy metal(loid)s forms and in vitro simulated intestinal stages. Although the corrected indices indicated that the risk of metal(loid)s-contaminated soil was reduced, unfavorable ecological and health risks remained in the four areas. Our study provides new perspectives to better predict the risk of bioavailable/accessible metal(loid)s in non-ferrous metal contaminated and surrounding soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Ning Min
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Geoffrey Sunahara
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Drive, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Robert Duran
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China; Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, IPREM 5254, BP 1155, 64013 Pau Cedex, France
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14
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Khoshakhlagh AH, Ghobakhloo S, Peijnenburg WJGM, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Cicchella D. To breathe or not to breathe: Inhalational exposure to heavy metals and related health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172556. [PMID: 38679085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This study reviewed scientific literature on inhalation exposure to heavy metals (HMs) in various indoor and outdoor environments and related carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. A systematic search in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases yielded 712 results and 43 articles met the requirements of the Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) criteria. Results revealed that HM concentrations in most households exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values, indicating moderate pollution and dominant anthropogenic emission sources of HMs. In the analyzed schools, universities, and offices low to moderate levels of air pollution with HMs were revealed, while in commercial environments high levels of air pollution were stated. The non-carcinogenic risk due to inhalation HM exposure exceeded the acceptable level of 1 in households, cafes, hospitals, restaurants, and metros. The carcinogenic risk for As and Cr in households, for Cd, Cr, Ni, As, and Co in educational environments, for Pb, Cd, Cr, and Co in offices and commercial environments, and for Ni in metros exceeded the acceptable level of 1 × 10-4. Carcinogenic risk was revealed to be higher indoors than outdoors. This review advocates for fast and effective actions to reduce HM exposure for safer breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Safiye Ghobakhloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden 2300RA, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720BA, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- AGH University of Krakow; Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Domenico Cicchella
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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15
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Li J, Cui D, Yang Z, Ma J, Liu J, Yu Y, Huang X, Xiang P. Health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in road dust via dermal exposure pathway from a low latitude plateau provincial capital city: The importance of toxicological verification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118890. [PMID: 38615791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The human health risk assessment through the dermal exposure of metal (loid)s in dust from low latitude and high geological background plateau cities was largely unknown. In this study, the road dust samples were harvested from a typical low-latitude plateau provincial capital city Kunming, Southwest China. The total concentration and dermal bioaccessibility of heavy metal (loid)s in road dust were determined, and their health risks as well as cytotoxicity on human skin keratinocytes were also assessed. The average concentrations of As (28.5 mg/kg), Cd (2.65 mg/kg), Mn (671 mg/kg), and Zn (511 mg/kg) exceeded the soil background values. Arsenic had the highest bioaccessibility after 2 h (3.79%), 8 h (4.24%), and 24 h (16.6%) extraction. The dermal pathway when bioaccessibility is considered has a higher hazard quotient than the conventional method using total metal(loid)s in the dust. In addition, toxicological verification suggested that the dust extracts suppressed the cell viability, increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and DNA damage, and eventually activated the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway, evidenced by the upregulation of Caspase-3/9, Bax, and Bak-1. Cadmium was positively correlated with the mRNA expression of Bax. Taken together, our data indicated that both dermal bioaccessibility and cytotoxicity should be considered for accurate human skin health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in road dust, which may provide new insight for accurate human health risk assessment and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Li
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Daolei Cui
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Ziyue Yang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ma
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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16
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Jebesa WT, Astatkie T, Zerfu A, Kenea HD, Abamecha N, Shumuye M, Abera G, Kidane A, Hirko M, Assefa F. Impact of brewery sludge application on heavy metal build-up, translocation, growth and yield of bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) crop in Northern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32559. [PMID: 38961976 PMCID: PMC11219491 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In a field study, the impact of different levels of brewery sludge (BS) enrichment on Triticum aestivum L. (wheat plants) was examined in terms of growth, yield, heavy metal absorption, and potential health risks linked to plant consumption. Using a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and three blocks, the study showed that applying up to 12 t ha-1 brewery sludge significantly improved all agronomic parameters (except harvest index) compared to control and mineral-fertilized soil. Heavy metal translocation was generally low, except for Cu and Pb. The sequence of heavy metal translocation was Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni > Zn > Mn > Cr from soil to spikes and Cu > Zn > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cr from soil to grain. Heavy metal loads were mostly higher in roots than in the above-ground crop parts. The target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TCR) within wheat grain remained within safe limits for all BS treatments. Consequently, consuming this wheat grain is considered safe regarding heavy metals. Thus, utilizing brewery sludge at 12 t ha-1 as a fertilizer for wheat production and as an alternative method for sludge disposal is plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ambachew Zerfu
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Bonga University, Bonga, Ethiopia
| | - Hawi Deressa Kenea
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Nezif Abamecha
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Meresa Shumuye
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Raya University, Maychew, Ethiopia
| | - Gezai Abera
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Raya University, Maychew, Ethiopia
| | - Asmeret Kidane
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Raya University, Maychew, Ethiopia
| | - Mignote Hirko
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fenta Assefa
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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17
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Borah P, Mitra S, Reang D. Geochemical fractionation of iron in paper industry and municipal landfill soils: Ecological and health risks insights. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118508. [PMID: 38395333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Industrial processes and municipal wastes largely contribute to the fluctuations in iron (Fe) content in soils. Fe, when present in unfavorable amount, causes harmful effects on human, flora, and fauna. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the composition of Fe in surface soils from paper mill and municipal landfill sites and assess their potential ecological and human health risks. Geochemical fractionation was conducted to explore the chemical bonding of Fe across different fractions, i.e., water-soluble (F1) to residual (F6). Different contamination factors and pollution indices were evaluated to comprehend Fe contamination extent across the study area. Results indicated the preference for less mobile forms in the paper mill and landfill, with 26.66% and 43.46% of Fe associated with the Fe-Mn oxide bound fraction (F4), and 57.22% and 24.78% in the residual fraction (F6). Maximum mobility factor (MF) of 30.65% was observed in the paper mill, and 80.37% in the landfill. The enrichment factor (EF) varied within the range of 20 < EF < 40, signifying a high level of enrichment in the soil. The individual contamination factor (ICF) ranged from 0 to >6, highlighting low to high contamination. Adults were found to be more vulnerable towards Fe associated health risks compared to children. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) index showed the highest risk potential pathways as dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation. The study offers insights into potential Fe contamination risks in comparable environments, underscoring the crucial role of thorough soil assessments in shaping land use and waste management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Borah
- Department of Environmental Science, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India; Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Sudip Mitra
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Demsai Reang
- Department of Environmental Science, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India.
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18
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Chen S, Guo Q, Zhou T, Liu L. Levels and Health Risk Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic, Methylmercury, and Heavy Metals in Edible Mushrooms Collected from Online Supermarket in China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1802-1815. [PMID: 37526876 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr), total arsenic (As), inorganic arsenic (iAs), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), methylmercury (MeHg), and lead (Pb) were analyzed in in Agaricus blazei, Tricholoma matsutake, Pholiota nameko, agrocybe aegirit, Boletus edulis, Auricularia auricula, and Lentinus edodes collected from online supermarket in China from 2015 to 2017. The order of mean concentrations for the five heavy metals in edible mushrooms was As > Cd > Cr > Pb > Hg. No positive correlation was found between total As and iAs, nor between total Hg and MeHg. The contents of iAs were at a low level except for A. blazei samples. The contents of MeHg were at a low level in all test mushroom samples. And Cr, Cd, and Pb pollution were common problems in the test mushroom samples. The comprehensive factor pollution index was between 0.569 (A. auricula) and 3.056 (B. edulis). The THQ values for the five heavy metals from P. nameko, A. auricula, A. aegirit, and L. edodes samples were less than 1. The hazard index (HI) values of A. blazei, T. matsutake, and B. edulis samples for adults and children were greater than 1, indicating significant health hazard to the adults and children consumers. The cancer risk (CR) values for iAs ranged from 3.82 × 10- 6 (T. matsutake) to 8.61 × 10- 5 (A. blazei), indicating no potential carcinogenic risk to the consumers. The order for carcinogenic risk of each edible mushroom species was A. blazei > L. edodes > P. nameko > A. aegirit > A. auricula > B. edulis > T. matsutake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Qiaozhen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China.
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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19
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Yaseen ZM, Melini Wan Mohtar WH, Homod RZ, Alawi OA, Abba SI, Oudah AY, Togun H, Goliatt L, Ul Hassan Kazmi SS, Tao H. Heavy metals prediction in coastal marine sediments using hybridized machine learning models with metaheuristic optimization algorithm. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141329. [PMID: 38296204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study proposes different standalone models viz: Elman neural network (ENN), Boosted Tree algorithm (BTA), and f relevance vector machine (RVM) for modeling arsenic (As (mg/kg)) and zinc (Zn (mg/kg)) in marine sediments owing to anthropogenic activities. A heuristic algorithm based on the potential of RVM and a flower pollination algorithm (RVM-FPA) was developed to improve the prediction performance. Several evaluation indicators and graphical methods coupled with visualized cumulative probability function (CDF) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the models. Akaike (AIC) and Schwarz (SCI) information criteria based on Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philip Perron (PP) tests were introduced to check the reliability and stationarity of the data. The prediction performance in the verification phase indicated that RVM-M2 (PBAIS = -o.0465, MAE = 0.0335) and ENN-M2 (PBAIS = 0.0043, MAE = 0.0322) emerged as the best model for As (mg/kg) and Zn (mg/kg), respectively. In contrast with the standalone approaches, the simulated hybrid RVM-FPA proved merit and the most reliable, with a 5 % and 18 % predictive increase for As (mg/kg) and Zn (mg/kg), respectively. The study's findings validated the potential for estimating complex HMs through intelligent data-driven models and heuristic optimization. The study also generated valuable insights that can inform the decision-makers and stockholders for environmental management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Environmental Management Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Raad Z Homod
- Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basra, Iraq.
| | - Omer A Alawi
- Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Sani I Abba
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Atheer Y Oudah
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq; Information and Communication Technology Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq.
| | - Hussein Togun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Leonardo Goliatt
- Computational and Applied Mechanics Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Hai Tao
- School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, Guizhou, China; Institute of Big Data Application and Artificial Intelligence, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, Guizhou, China; Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 71800, Malaysia.
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20
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Jia Z, Wei W, Wang Y, Chang Y, Lei R, Che Y. Occurrence characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in agricultural soils in the loess hilly gully area of Yan' an, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169627. [PMID: 38157894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Large amounts of microplastics accumulated in the soil of agricultural fields with the rapid development of mulch agriculture. The enrichment of microplastics endangered the growth of crops and food security, and it also posed ecological risks. In this study, we investigated microplastics in a typical agriculture area of Yan' an City, in the loess hilly gully area of China. The characteristics of microplastics including their abundances, sizes, and types were measured through laser direct infrared spectrometer. The potential sources of microplastics were analyzed and the risk of soil microplastic pollution was evaluated. It was elaborated that the average abundances of microplastics in soil, water, and fertilizer were 4505 ± 435 n·kg-1, 91 ± 27 n·L-1, and 39,629 ± 10,114 n·kg-1, respectively. Microplastics with particle sizes < 100 μm accounted for >90 %. The smaller the particle size, the higher the content of microplastics. The top three polymers were polyethylene (PE, 37.4 %), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 15.0 %), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA, 8.9 %), respectively. Agricultural mulch, plastic film, domestic waste, surface water irrigation, and organic compost were probably the potential sources of soil microplastics. The ecological risk evaluation showed that overall sampling sites had a minor ecological risk of microplastic pollution based on their abundance, while the polymer type showed a relatively high ecological risk for the investigated agricultural soils. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) contribute considerably to the ecological risk, and their inputs to the farmland environment should be strictly limited. There was no significant carcinogenic risk to humans. This study would provide the basic reference for the current situation and risk assessment of farmland soil microplastics pollution in the loess hilly gully area of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Jia
- School of Water and Environment, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Water and Environment, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yingjie Chang
- School of Water and Environment, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Rui Lei
- School of Water and Environment, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yanhong Che
- Xi'an Guolian Quality Testing Technology Co., LTD, Xi'an 710116, China
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21
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Roza-Llera A, Di Lorenzo F, Churakov SV, Jiménez A, Fernández-Díaz L. Pb Removal Efficiency by Calcium Carbonates: Biogenic versus Abiogenic Materials. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:79-92. [PMID: 38188268 PMCID: PMC10767703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The sorption of heavy metals on mineral surfaces plays a key role in controlling the fate and bioavailability of harmful elements through dissolution-precipitation reactions. Here, we investigate the efficiency of Pb removal from highly contaminated waters by two calcium carbonate hard tissues, scallop shells (up to 99.9 mol %; -biocalcite) and cuttlefish bones (up to 90.0 mol %; bioaragonite), which template the precipitation of the highly insoluble mineral cerussite (PbCO3). The experiments show that both biomaterials are about five times more effective Pb scavengers (5 mmol of cerussite precipitated/g sample) than their inorganic counterparts (∼1 mmol/g). We relate this enhanced Pb scavenging capacity of biocarbonates to their composite organic-inorganic nature, which modulates their specific nano- and microstructural features and defines their larger surface areas, solubility, and reactivity compared to those of their inorganic counterparts. The oriented growth of cerussite progressively passivates the bioaragonite surface, reducing its long-term Pb scavenging capacity. In contrast, the randomly oriented growth of cerussite crystals on biocalcite prevents surface passivation and explains why biocalcite outperforms bioaragonite as a long-term Pb scavenger. The use of biocarbonates could be a key for designing more efficient decontamination strategies for heavy metal-polluted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Roza-Llera
- Department
of Geology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33005, Spain
| | - Fulvio Di Lorenzo
- Laboratory
for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Sergey V. Churakov
- Laboratory
for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Amalia Jiménez
- Department
of Geology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33005, Spain
| | - Lurdes Fernández-Díaz
- Department
of Mineralogy and Petrology, Complutense
University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Ezenwa IM, Omoigberale M, Abulu R, Biose E, Okpara B, Uyi O. Burial leakage: A human accustomed groundwater contaminant sources and health hazards study near cemeteries in Benin City, Nigeria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292008. [PMID: 38096312 PMCID: PMC10721053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the levels of physico-chemical parameters that could be impacted by burial leakage and associated human health risks in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of thirty groundwater samples were collected from two cemeteries and analysed for pH, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, ammonia- N, calcium, sodium, potassium, BOD₅, COD, Mn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe. The concentrations of the parameters were compared to national and international standards. The results revealed that the groundwater is highly acidic in nature. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that except for alkalinity, all other parameters characterised contributed significantly to various principal components (PC) with eigenvalues ≥ 1. Moreover, the significance of the PC depicted decomposition of the body corpse and associated burial materials. Water quality index (WQI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and Nemerov pollution index (NI) indicated that groundwater from the study area is of poor quality, and highly contaminated by heavy metals. We determined the Chronic health risk through exposure by calculating the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI), for both children and adults. For the oral exposure, approximately 33% of samples suggest the high category of chronic risk for children while the medium category was indicated for adults. We found that oral exposure showed relatively higher risk than dermal exposure, and chronic risk for children and adults ranged from low to negligible. However, the carcinogenic risk of Ni and Pb via oral exposure route suggests, very high risk for Ni and medium risk for Pb. In consideration that long term exposure to low concentrations of some heavy metals (including Pb, Cd, and Ni) could result in different manifestations of cancer, we recommend that residents of these areas should find an alternative source of water for drinking and other domestic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi Maxwell Ezenwa
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Michael Omoigberale
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Rachel Abulu
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Geography Department, N431 Rose Building, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ekene Biose
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Okpara
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Osariyekemwen Uyi
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States of America
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23
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Verma A, Yadav S, Kumar R. Geochemical fractionation, bioavailability, ecological and human health risk assessment of metals in topsoils of an emerging industrial cluster near New Delhi. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9041-9066. [PMID: 36932290 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urban spaces have become sink for metal-rich waste, particularly in unorganized industrial clusters and metro-cities. Geochemical distribution of metals in different forms and their mobility and bioavailability in topsoils of Bhiwadi Industrial Cluster (BIC) near New Delhi are studies following m-BCR-SEP. Contamination factor (Cf), risk assessment code (RAC), ecological risk assessment (Er), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk (HRA) were calculated to assess health and environmental risks. Residual fraction (F4) contained considerable amounts of Cd (57.2%), Cr (81.5%), Fe (86.1%), Mn (62.5%), Ni (58.3%), and V (71.4%). Pb was present in reducible fraction (F2; 52.8%), whereas Cu was distributed in F2 (33.3%) and F4 (31.6%). Zn showed equal distribution in acid exchangeable (F1; 33.9%) and oxidizable fraction (F3; 32.5%). High Cf was observed for Zn (0.9-20.9), Cu (0.46-17) and Pb (0.2-9.9). RAC indicated high risk of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn due to their high mobility and toxicity. High potential bioavailability of Cu, Pb, and Zn (> 65%) was found in samples collected near to metal casting, electroplating, and automobile part manufacturing industries. Considerable to extremely high ecological risk was observed for Cd, low to high risk for Cu, low risk to moderate risk for Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Pb. All topsoil samples were in low to very high-risk range for metals. Ingestion was major pathway of metals followed by dermal and inhalation. Children were more prone to non-carcinogenic risks (hazardous index: 3.6). Topsoils had high carcinogenic risk to exposed population for Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Verma
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sudesh Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
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Sathish V, Chandrasekaran A, Manjunatha, Bennal AS. Geochemical contamination of heavy metals and health risk assessment of coastal sediments along the North Chennai to Pondicherry, India using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115722. [PMID: 37918147 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to assess the contamination and human health risk assessment of heavy metals (HMs) in 21 sediment samples collected from the North Chennai to Pondicherry coastal area of Tamil Nadu using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF). Enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were calculated to estimate sediment contamination. The average concentrations of HMs (mg kg-1 dry weight) were: Al (4305.12), V (25.77), Cr (15.08), Mn (83.39), Fe (4539.77), Ni (2.89), Cu (2.67), Zn (9.46), As (2.81), Hg (0.05), and Pb (0.92). Results of EF indicated no enrichment with Al, Ni, and Pb, moderate enrichment with V, and severe enrichment with As and Hg. Based on Igeo, all sediment samples showed unpolluted with HMs (except As and Hg). Based on total lifetime cancer risk (LCR), there are no significant health risks for people in the study area from carcinogenic Cr, As, and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sathish
- Department of Physics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering (Autonomous), Kalavakkam - 603 110, Chennai, India
| | - A Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering (Autonomous), Kalavakkam - 603 110, Chennai, India.
| | - Manjunatha
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad - 580 003, India
| | - A S Bennal
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad - 580 003, India
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25
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Subasinghe MM, Jinadasa BKKK, Navarathne AN, Jayakody S. Potential health risk assessment of selected metal concentrations of Indian backwater oyster, (Crassostrea madrasensis) in Sri Lanka. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115656. [PMID: 37864864 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the health risks of selected metals in cultured and wild Crassostrea madrasensis in Sri Lanka over 13 months. Metal concentrations varied monthly, and Zn and Cu concentrations significantly varied between cultured and wild oysters. The mean metal concentrations (mg kg-1) were accumulated in order of Zn (1220.60) > Mg (496.97) > Fe (356.30) > Cu (114.95) > Pb (23.20) > Cd (6.15) > As (3.09) > Hg (0.12). The metal concentrations were well below the standard guidelines given by international standards except for Pb, Cd, As and Zn. The weekly intakes of Hg, Cu, Fe, and Zn from C.madrasensis were below the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake while Cd exceeded the established limit. The calculated non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk indices for Hg, As, Pb and Zn were within safe levels and the values for Cd exceeded the limit revealing carcinogenic results with long-term consumption. Hence, creating proper awareness and a suitable depuration system ensures human health and supports export-oriented markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Subasinghe
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka.
| | - B K K K Jinadasa
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka
| | - A N Navarathne
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - S Jayakody
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
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26
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Córdoba-Tovar L, Marrugo-Negrete J, Ramos Barón PA, Díez S. Ecological and human health risk from exposure to contaminated sediments in a tropical river impacted by gold mining in Colombia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116759. [PMID: 37507038 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most important tropical biomes in the world, the Atrato River basin has experienced a critical ecological deterioration due to gold mining, posing a significant threat to wildlife and human health. In this study, we measured the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in sediments at various swamps within the basin. Classical indices were employed to assess the associated ecological and human health risks linked to exposure to these elements. The concentrations of Hg and As in the sediments ranged between 0.09 and 0.23 mg/kg and 0.59-2.68 mg/kg, respectively. The highest Hg values were found at upstream stations impacted by gold mining activities. For As, the highest levels were found near river mouth (except for station B), where agricultural practices are taken place. The contamination factor (CF) indicated that most of the sediments exhibited moderate contamination levels of Hg and As, depending on the specific sampling area. Conversely, the pollution load index (PLI) suggested a contamination level ranging from basic to moderate, with the exception of station B, which showed a progressive deterioration of the site. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that the sediments were moderately contaminated with Hg, while showing signs of increasing contamination for As. According to the criteria for limiting effect concentrations (TEC), Hg concentrations exceeded the TEC at stations B and C, indicating a potential toxic risk to aquatic biota. A moderate potential ecological risk (PERI) was detected at downstream stations (D and E), and a high risk was detected at upstream stations (A, B and C). The hazard index (HI), used for non-carcinogenic risk assessment, suggested a risk of adverse effects on the population, particularly in children, with HI values exceeding 1. However, all lifetime cancer risk (TLCR) values fell within the acceptable range (1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-4), indicating a negligible risk. Oral ingestion and inhalation were identified as the two primary routes of concern. This study serves as a valuable reference for risk assessment regarding exposures to environmental matrices that may not pose an immediate risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonomir Córdoba-Tovar
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Transversal 4#42-00, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia; Environmental Toxicology and Natural Resources Group, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Quibdó, Chocó, A.A. 292, Colombia
| | | | - Pablo Andrés Ramos Barón
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Transversal 4#42-00, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Alzahrani H, El-Sorogy AS, Qaysi S. Assessment of human health risks of toxic elements in coastal area between Al-Khafji and Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115622. [PMID: 37806013 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to document the distribution of toxic elements (TEs) and assess the human health risk posed by the TEs in the marine sediment of the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. The descending order of TE averages (μg/g) was as follows: Ni > Cr > V > Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Co. Based on the enrichment factor values, only minor enrichment for Pb, As, Cr, and Ni was noted. The hazard index (HI) values for the non-carcinogenic risk of the TEs were less than 1.0, and the lifetime cancer risk values for carcinogenic Pb, Cr, and As ranged between 2.96 × 10-8 and 5.44 × 10-5, indicating no significant health hazards for the inhabitants of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alzahrani
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset S El-Sorogy
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh Qaysi
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Mirzaei R, Ravankhah N, Masoum S, Asadi A, Sorooshian A. Assessment of land use effect, mapping of human health risks and chemometric analysis of potential toxic elements in topsoils of Aran-o-Bidgol, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8081-8095. [PMID: 37535139 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examines topsoil contamination in Aran-o-Bidgol urban region of central Iran, with a focus on potentially toxic elements (PTEs). A total of 135 topsoil samples in different land types were characterized, ranging from areas with agricultural farms, desert, industrial and residential activity, and brick kilns. The average concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, Fe, Zn, and Mn were 0.72, 11.41, 14.82, 29.87, 51.13, 106.69, 8741.87, 48.59, and 346.42 mg kg-1, respectively, which all exceed the local background levels. The results reveal that land use significantly affected PTE concentrations. Cr, Co, Mn, and Fe concentrations in soils of residential and brick kiln areas were especially high. In contrast, concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Zn were higher in agricultural and residential areas. Risk assessment analysis showed that the sum of toxic units for PTEs for brick kilns (1.72), residential (1.82), and agricultural (1.79) areas exceeded those of other land types and that Ni and Cr contributed the most to the high toxic risk index values. Both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk indices of PTEs in soils were within an acceptable limit, except for the cancer risk of Ni (3.52E-04) and Cr (3.00E-04) among children. The spatial hazard index and carcinogenic health risk of PTEs showed that samples from the southwestern parts of the study area might pose significant health problems to adults and children. This study demonstrates how combining different techniques can help spatially characterize PTE accumulation and protect populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Mirzaei
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Neda Ravankhah
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Saeed Masoum
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Anvar Asadi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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29
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Billmann M, Hulot C, Pauget B, Badreddine R, Papin A, Pelfrêne A. Oral bioaccessibility of PTEs in soils: A review of data, influencing factors and application in human health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165263. [PMID: 37400023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of metal(loi)ds transported from soil to humans is critical for human health risk assessment (HHRA). In the last two decades, extensive studies have been conducted to better assess human exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by estimating their oral bioaccessibility (BAc) and quantifying the influence of different factors. This study reviews the common in vitro methods used to determine the BAc of PTEs (in particular As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Sb) under specific conditions (particularly in terms of the particle size fraction and validation status against an in vivo model). The results were compiled from soils derived from various sources and allowed the identification of the most important influencing factors of BAc (using single and multiple regression analyses), including physicochemical soil properties and the speciation of the PTEs in question. This review presents current knowledge on integrating relative bioavailability (RBA) in calculating doses from soil ingestion in the HHRA process. Depending on the jurisdiction, validated or non-validated bioaccessibility methods were used, and risks assessors applied different approaches: (i) using default assumptions (i.e., RBA of 1); (ii) considering that bioaccessibility value (BAc) accurately represents RBA (i.e., RBA equal to BAc); (iii) using regression models to convert BAc of As and Pb into RBA as proposed by the USA with the US EPA Method 1340; or (iv) applying an adjustment factor as proposed by the Netherlands and France to use BAc from UBM (Unified Barge Method) protocol. The findings from this review should help inform risk stakeholders about the uncertainties surrounding using bioaccessibility data and provide recommendations for better interpreting the results and using bioaccessibility in risk studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Billmann
- Univ. Lille, IMT Nord Europe, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515-LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, 48 boulevard Vauban, F-59000 Lille, France; Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie, 20 avenue du Grésillé BP 90406, F-49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Corinne Hulot
- Ineris, Parc technologique Alata, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Rabia Badreddine
- Ineris, Parc technologique Alata, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Arnaud Papin
- Ineris, Parc technologique Alata, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Aurélie Pelfrêne
- Univ. Lille, IMT Nord Europe, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515-LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, 48 boulevard Vauban, F-59000 Lille, France.
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30
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Liu F, Wang X, Dai S, Zhou J, Liu D, Hu Q, Bai J, Zhao L, Nazir N. Impact of different industrial activities on heavy metals in floodplain soil and ecological risk assessment based on bioavailability: A case study from the Middle Yellow River Basin, northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116695. [PMID: 37467945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of different industrial activities on heavy metals and conducting scientific ecological risk assessments are critical to the management of heavy metal pollution. The present study compared soils affected by different industrial activities in three types of industrial cities (coal city, oil-gas city, and economic city) to control samples and examined the ecological risk based on bioavailability in the Middle Yellow River Basin. The findings revealed that the impact characteristics of different industrial activities on soil heavy metals in the research area were different. Both coal-based and oil-gas industry activities had a minor impact on soil heavy metals, whereas economic industry activities in the southern part had a major impact, as evidenced by significant enrichment of Cd, Hg, Cu, Pb, and Zn. In principal component analysis, the soil heavy metals affected by economic industry activities designated a distinct source from the control samples, particularly the anthropogenic sources represented by Hg and Cd. In the context of heavy metals in chemical form, three types of industrial activities all had an effect on bioavailability (0.72-24.27%) and could increase migratory activity in the environment. Furthermore, both traditional and improved assessments, based on total content and bioavailability, showed a low ecological risk near coal cities and oil-gas cities in the middle and northern parts, while there was a medium-high ecological risk near economically developed cities in the south, particularly Tianshui, Baoji, Qishan, Xianyang, Xi'an, and Tongchuan. In comparison, improved risk assessment based on bioavailability tends to not only compensate for an overestimation in traditional risk assessment from the perspective of total content, but additionally achieve a more reasonable, effective, and advanced assessment of heavy metal risks in scientific research. The outcome of this study has significance for the ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources & School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xueqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang, 065000, China; UNESCO International Center on Global-scale Geochemistry, Langfang, 065000, China.
| | - Shuang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources & School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang, 065000, China; UNESCO International Center on Global-scale Geochemistry, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang, 065000, China; UNESCO International Center on Global-scale Geochemistry, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang, 065000, China; UNESCO International Center on Global-scale Geochemistry, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Jianke Bai
- Xining Center of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, CGS, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Linxing Zhao
- Xining Center of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, CGS, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Nusrat Nazir
- Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources & School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Degbe PL, Guembou Shouop CJ, Bongue D, Ndontchueng MM, Ngwa Ebongue A, Kwato Njock MG. Assessment of heavy metals' pollutions and potential risks associated to the rocks of Pouma subdivision-Cameroon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1292. [PMID: 37821743 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the ecological and health risks of the Pouma rock samples. Twenty-three (23) trace element concentrations were evaluated. The concentrations of these trace elements were compared with those of quartzite from other countries and with global reported values. When compared with the world values, the concentrations of trace metals were below the world average values except that of Barium. The ecological risk assessment was carried out using the geo-accumulation index, contamination factors and the potential ecological risk index. The geo-accumulation index and contamination factors showed that the quartzite of Pouma subdivision are not polluted and not contaminated by the investigated metal except for Barium and Mercury. The health risk assessment using the USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) method showed that there is a possible non-carcinogenic risk from Al2O3 (for children and adults) and from Cr for Children. However, there is a tolerable and high carcinogenic risk due to Cr for adults and children, respectively. It was found independently for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk that the exposure via the ingestion route is the most dangerous for adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia-Laurelle Degbe
- Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ), University of Douala, P.O. Box. 8085, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Cebastien Joel Guembou Shouop
- National Radiation Protection Agency, P.O. Box. 33732, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Atomic and Nuclear Spectroscopy, Archeometry, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bongue
- Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ), University of Douala, P.O. Box. 8085, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box. 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Maurice Moyo Ndontchueng
- Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ), University of Douala, P.O. Box. 8085, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box. 24157, Douala, Cameroon
- National Radiation Protection Agency, P.O. Box. 33732, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Alexandre Ngwa Ebongue
- Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ), University of Douala, P.O. Box. 8085, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box. 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Moïse Godfroy Kwato Njock
- Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ), University of Douala, P.O. Box. 8085, Douala, Cameroon
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Kyene MO, Gbeddy G, Mensah T, Acheampong C, Kumi-Amoah G, Ketemepi HK, Brimah AK, Akyea-Larbi K, Darko DA. Bioaccessibility and children health risk assessment of soil-laden heavy metals from school playground and public parks in Accra, Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1199. [PMID: 37698664 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Parks and playground soils constitute a critical matrix for children exposure to hazardous substances due to their high exposure rate. However, minimal investigation has been conducted in Ghana on the subject, thus the need for this research. One hundred and twenty (120) soil samples were collected between April 2015 and March 2016 and then analyzed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The health risk posed to school children by the heavy metals laden in soil was assessed via oral bioaccessibility and hazard index. The oral bioaccessibility of the metals was estimated using the simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) method. Iron (Fe) measured the highest range of total metal concentrations of 2785.0-15275.0 mg kg-1 followed by Pb of 2.1-284.0 mg kg-1. The oral bioaccessibility of the metals varied significantly with Pb and Cu exhibiting the highest mean values of 47.80% and 54.45%, respectively. The sequence for the mean bioaccessibility result does not correspond with the mean concentration of metals in the soil. The hazard index (HI) for most of the heavy metals indicated no potential non-carcinogenic health risk to children (HI < 1) except for Pb. The prolonged use of leaded fuel in Ghana prior to its outright ban on January 1 2004 and the persistence of Pb in soil media may account for its high risk. The deleterious health effects of Pb on children call for the adoption and implementation of appropriate environmental management of playgrounds so as to mitigate children's exposure to soil-laden heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Kyene
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Control, Centre for Plant Medicine Research Mampong - Akuapem, Koforidua, Ghana
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gustav Gbeddy
- Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Theophilus Mensah
- Department of Science, SDA University College of Education, Asokore-Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Charles Acheampong
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gifty Kumi-Amoah
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Dept. of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Hilary Kwesi Ketemepi
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Food Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abdul K Brimah
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kofi Akyea-Larbi
- Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Amoako Darko
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Laha T, Gope M, Datta S, Masto RE, Balachandran S. Oral bioaccessibility of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and related health risk in urban playground soil from a medieval bell metal industrial town Khagra, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5619-5637. [PMID: 32920749 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro oral bioaccessibility assay (simple bioaccessibility extraction test) was used to assess bioaccessible PTEs (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn) in 16 playground soils of Khagra, which is a medieval bell metal industrial town at Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. The aim was also to establish levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil, their origin, and human health risk, particularly on children. The average pseudo-total PTEs content in playground soil samples was in the decreasing order of Fe (18,988 mg kg-1) > Zn (1229 mg kg-1) > Cu (999 mg kg-1) > Mn (343 mg kg-1) > Pb (181 mg kg-1) > Sn (132 mg kg-1) > Co (8.63 mg kg-1) > As (5.21 mg kg-1) > Cd (0.88 mg kg-1). The pollution indices indicate significant enrichment of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Sn in the playground. The bioaccessible percentage of PTEs in the 16 playground soils ranged from 0 to 80.25%, where the range of percentage of bioaccessibility was 13.24-62.50, 0-61.46, 16.82-28.79, 5.05-73.06, 0.96-6.14, 2.28-38, and 0-80 for As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn, respectively. The order of percentage of bioaccessibility was As > Mn > Zn > Sn > Cu > Co > Pb > Cd > Ni > Fe. PCA extracted two major factors indicating the anthropogenic (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Sn) and geogenic (Co, Fe, and Mn) source. Stepwise multiple regression analysis exhibited that the oral bioaccessibility of PTEs did not correlate with physicochemical parameters like pH, EC. In contrast, Sn had a significant correlation with that of organic matter. The health risk for pseudo-total as well as bioavailable fraction in playground soil depicted that children were more vulnerable to ingestion of soil contaminated with PTEs, particularly for Cu and Pb. A risk management plan with the bioaccessible data involving detailed site-specific exposure factors to indicate the importance of the study in terms of child health safety is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Laha
- Department of Environmental Studies, Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Manash Gope
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur (NITD), Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Sreemanta Datta
- Environmental Management Division (EMD), CSIR-CIMFR, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 828108, India
| | - Reginald Ebhin Masto
- Environmental Management Division (EMD), CSIR-CIMFR, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 828108, India
| | - Srinivasan Balachandran
- Department of Environmental Studies, Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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Owusu Sekyere A, Essandoh H, Wemegah DD, Otoo Amponsah L. Evaluating Groundwater Quality in the Asante Akyem Central District of Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2023; 17:11786302231188270. [PMID: 37534191 PMCID: PMC10392170 DOI: 10.1177/11786302231188270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the primary water supply source for many people living on the surface of the earth. They depend on this valuable resource for their daily needs. But this natural resource is continuously being threatened by both natural and anthropogenic activities. Therefore, continuous monitoring and assessment of the water quality of this resource is important to keep check of the effects of water contaminants especially on human health. This study assessed the levels of Fe, Cd, Mn, and Hg in hand-dug wells at 4 communities (Ahyiayem, Odumasi Zongo, Apeboaso, and Kwaakyewaso) in the Asante Akyem Central District of Ghana and evaluated its sources and potential health risk associated with their exposure. These communities are known for illegal small-scale mining. The analysis also included other water quality parameters such as pH, nitrate, potassium, sodium, total hardness, calcium hardness, Phosphate, chloride, and total dissolved solids. From the research, there was no carcinogenic health risk to the communities concerning Fe, Mn, and Hg through ingestion and dermal contact because the hazard quotients and health hazard indices recorded in both adults and children were below one (<1). However, from the research, Cd exhibited carcinogenic health risk because its Cancer risk (CR) index exceeded 10-6 for both adults and children. This implies that there is a risk of cancer infection from ingesting water from the hand-dug wells in the study areas. According to the analysis of the Water Quality Index (WQI), the wells at Ahyiayem, Apeboaso, and Kwaakyewaso recorded indexes that were between 15 and 50, signifying that the hand-dug wells in these communities are safe for human consumption. However, about 90% of the wells at Odumasi Zongo recorded WQI values that were between 80 and 320. This means the hand-dug wells at Odumasi Zongo are highly polluted and not safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Owusu Sekyere
- Regional water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, KNUST, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Helen Essandoh
- Regional water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, KNUST, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - David Dotse Wemegah
- Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, KNUST, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Lydia Otoo Amponsah
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, KNUST, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
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Hosseinniaee S, Jafari M, Tavili A, Zare S, Cappai G. Investigating metal pollution in the food chain surrounding a lead-zinc mine (Northwestern Iran); an evaluation of health risks to humans and animals. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:946. [PMID: 37439883 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate the health risk of heavy metals for humans and animals in the Angouran mining complex (northwest of Iran). Twenty-five plant species and their corresponding soils (natural soils) were collected along with mine tailings samples. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Co) for humans using the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were evaluated. Moreover, the health risk caused by forage feeding to grazing ruminants (cow and sheep) and the risk associated with animal products consumption by humans in the soil-plant-animal transfer system were assessed. The value of HI in natural soils (rangeland use) was less than one (HI < 1), while regarding tailings, the HQ via oral ingestion and the HI were greater than one (HI & HQ > 1). The range of total carcinogenesis risk in natural soils exceeded the target risk (Risk < 10-6) and for tailings, it showed the probability of cancer risk, 1 person per 3636 populations, which is much higher than the acceptable or tolerable range (10-4 < Risk < 10-6). Regarding the animal health risk, the content of Pb and Cd in most of the animal organs was higher than the control values. In turn, dietary exposure to Pb and Cd is worrying for residents due to exceeding the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). This comprehensive study suggests the necessity of risk assessment of mining sites in Iran and immediate control measures to diminish pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Hosseinniaee
- Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, R232+G78 Mesbah, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Jafari
- Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, R232+G78 Mesbah, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Tavili
- Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, R232+G78 Mesbah, Karaj, Iran
| | - Salman Zare
- Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, R232+G78 Mesbah, Karaj, Iran
| | - Giovanna Cappai
- Department of Civil- Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliar, Piazza d'Armi 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
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Hanfi MY, Seleznev AA, Yarmoshenko IV, Malinovsky G, Konstantinova EY, Alqahtani MS, Sakr AK. Heavy metal contamination levels, source distribution, and risk assessment in fine sand of urban surface deposited sediments of Ekaterinburg, Russia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:4389-4406. [PMID: 36808374 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urban surface deposited sediments (USDS) are unique indicators of local pollution that pose a potential threat to the living environment and human health. Ekaterinburg is a highly populated metropolitan area in Russia with rapid urbanization and industrialization activities. In Ekaterinburg's residential areas, about 35, 12, and 16 samples are represented by green zones, roads, driveways, and sidewalks, respectively. The total concentrations of heavy metals was detected using a chemical analyzer inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Zn, Sn, Sb, and Pb have the highest concentrations in the green zone, while V, Fe, Co, and Cu represent the utmost values on roads. Moreover, Mn and Ni are the prevailing metals in the fine sand fraction of driveways along with sidewalks. Broadly, the high pollution in the studied zones is generated by anthropogenic activities and traffic emissions. The potential ecological risk (RI) was observed in high risk (IR > 600), even though the results of all heavy metals reveal no adverse health effects from the considered noncarcinogenic metal for adults and children by different exposure pathways except the children's exposure to Co in case of the dermal contact, where the HI values of Co for children in the studied zones are higher than the proposed level (> 1). In all urban zones, the total carcinogenic risk (TLCR) values are predicted as a high potential inhalation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Y Hanfi
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia.
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Andrian A Seleznev
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, 620219, Russia
- Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russia
| | | | - Georgy Malinovsky
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, 620219, Russia
| | | | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Sciences (RCAMS), King Khalid University, 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Sakr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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Aradhi KK, Dasari BM, Banothu D, Manavalan S. Spatial distribution, sources and health risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil around oil and natural gas drilling sites, Andhra Pradesh, India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10614. [PMID: 37391457 PMCID: PMC10313719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soils are usually the interface between human activity and environmental components that must be conserved and protected. As a result of rising industrialization and urbanization, activities such as exploration and extraction operations lead to the release of heavy metals into the environment. This study presents distribution of six heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in 139 top soil samples collected in and around oil and natural gas drilling sites at a sampling density of 1 site/12 km2. The results indicated the concentration ranged from 0.1 to 16 mg/kg for As, 3-707 mg/kg for Cr, 7-2324 mg/kg for Cu, 14-234 mg/kg for Ni, 9-1664 mg/kg for Pb, and 60-962 mg/kg for Zn. The contamination of soil was estimated on the basis of Index of geo accumulation (Igeo), enrichment factor (Ef), and contamination factor (Cf). Further, spatial distribution pattern maps indicated that the pollution levels for Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni were higher around drilling sites of the study area relative to other regions. Using exposure factors for the local population and references from the USEPA's integrated database, potential ecological risk indices (PERI) and health risk assessments were made. The hazard index (HI) values of Pb (in adults) and Cr, Pb (in children) exceeded the recommended limit of HI = 1, indicating the non-carcinogenic risks. Total carcinogenic risk (TCR) calculations revealed Cr (in adults) and As, Cr (in children) levels in soils exceeded the threshold value of 1.0E - 04, indicating significant carcinogenic risk due to high metal concentrations in the study area. These results may assist in determining the soil's present state and its effect due to extraction strategies used during drilling process and initiate few remedial techniques, particularly for proper management strategies in farming activities to decrease point and non-point source of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Krishna Aradhi
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Babu Mallesh Dasari
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dasaram Banothu
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Satyanarayanan Manavalan
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Ma JY, Li WY, Yang ZY, Su JZ, Li L, Deng YR, Tuo YF, Niu YY, Xiang P. The spatial distribution, health risk, and cytotoxicity of metal(loid)s in contaminated field soils: The role of Cd in human gastric cells damage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162942. [PMID: 36940749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution and pollution level of heavy metal(loid)s in soil (0-6 m) from a typical industrial region in Jiangmen City, Southeast China was investigated. Their bioaccessibility, health risk, and human gastric cytotoxicity in topsoil were also evaluated using an in vitro digestion/human cell model. The average concentrations of Cd (87.52 mg/kg), Co (106.9 mg/kg), and Ni (1007 mg/kg) exceeded the risk screening values. The distribution profiles of metal(loid)s showed a downward migration trend to reach a depth of 2 m. The highest contamination was found in topsoil (0-0.5 m), with the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, and Ni being 46.98, 348.28, 317.44, and 2395.60 mg/kg, respectively, while Cd showed the highest bioaccessibility in the gastric phase (72.80 %), followed by Co (21.08 %), Ni (18.27 %), and As (5.26 %) and unacceptable carcinogenic risk. Moreover, the gastric digesta of topsoil suppressed the cell viability and triggered cell apoptosis, evidenced by disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and increase of Cytochrome c (Cyt c) and Caspases 3/9 mRNA expression. Bioaccessible Cd in topsoil was responsible for those adverse effects. Our data suggest the importance to reduce Cd in the soil to decrease its adverse impacts on the human stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Yang Ma
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Wei-Yu Li
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zi-Yue Yang
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Su
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Li Li
- Precious Metal Testing Co. LTD of Yunnan Gold Mining Group, Kunming 650215, China
| | - Yi-Rong Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yun-Fei Tuo
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - You-Ya Niu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Ping Xiang
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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Onyegeme-Okerenta BM, West LO. Potential Toxic elements in shellfish from three rivers in Niger Delta, Nigeria: bioaccumulation, dietary intake, and human health risk assessment. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2023; 38:e2023011-0. [PMID: 37933105 PMCID: PMC10628404 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health risks associated with the consumption of three shellfish (Penaeus monodon, Crassostrea rhizophorae, and Tympanostomus fuscatus) harvested from the Buguma, Krakrama, and Bonny Rivers in the Niger Delta region were evaluated in this study. The bioaccumulation of potential toxic elements (PTEs) [Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), and Nickel (Ni)] was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The pollution index (PPI), estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), total hazard index (HI), target cancer risk (CR), and total cancer risk (TCR) were evaluated for potential human health risks. The bioaccumulation levels of PTEs in shellfish samples followed the order: Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd > As and were above standard recommended limits except for inorganic As levels observed in T. fuscatus and P. monodon samples from Krakrama and Bonny and C. rhizophorae from Bonny river. The EDI values for iAs, Cr, and Ni were lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI), however, the EDI of Cd for children in P. monodon (4.6E-03 mg kg-1day-1), T. fuscatus (1.7E-03 mg kg-1day-1) and C. rhizophorae (1.4E-03 mg kg-1day-1) from Buguma were higher than the TDI value (8.00E-04 mg kg-1day-1). The HI values were above 1. The total cancer risk (TCR) values of all analyzed PTEs for all the shellfish species from the rivers for children and adults ranged from 8.69E-04 to 2.47E-03 and 1.86E-03 to 5.30E-03 respectively and these were higher than the priority risk level (1E-04), hence, the need to monitor shellfish consumption in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Levi Okeinaye West
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Bavi H, Gharaie MHM, Moussavi-Harami R, Zand-Moghadam H, Mahboubi A, Tohidi MR. Spatial dispersion hot spots of contamination and human health risk assessments of PTEs in surface sediments of streams around porphyry copper mine, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3907-3931. [PMID: 36617367 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive research has been conducted to consider the distribution of PTEs in the surface sediments of a recently developed Dar-e-Allo copper mine in dependence on the potential ecological and human health risks. Field sampling was carried out discreetly at preselected sampling spots including the natural background, the streams around the mine, waste rock drainages, evaporative deposits, sediments containing Fe oxy-hydroxides and secondary phases. Distribution of target elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Se, and Zn) showed high levels of crustal elements. As regards, Fe, Al, and S are identified to exist as the most copious elements in the earth's crust, so have the major portion of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the sediment concentrations. Evaluating environmental indices reflected that in general, Cu, S, and Mo have a higher quota of contamination in sedimentary systems. the pollution load index (PLI), modified contamination degree (mCd), Contamination factor (Cf), Sediment potential index (SPI), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and Contamination degree (Cd) confirm that sedimentary systems of mining area are heavily contaminated by PTEs and were not found within the guideline acceptable values. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) displayed a high or severe risk level for Cu with a peak in green-blue sediments containing secondary minerals. The results of total carcinogenic risk (TCRs) show that As has high toxicity level and carries a risk of carcinogenicity among children and adults. The TCRs for Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb with carcinogenic potential are found only in children and they are classified as the prime concern elements that have serious dangers to children's public health. The results of contamination source presumed that the sources of PTEs contamination were principally geogenic along with the anthropogenic sources in the study area. Therefore, the present study has highlighted the implication of human health risks of PTEs in sedimentary systems of copper mining, also will grant advice for prime stakeholders, including mine managers, Environmental Protection Agency, the government and public organizations in connection to protecting the environment, aquatic biota and consumer's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Bavi
- Department of Geology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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41
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Nana AS, Falkenberg T, Rechenburg A, Ntajal J, Kamau JW, Ayo A, Borgemeister C. Seasonal variation and risks of potentially toxic elements in agricultural lowlands of central Cameroon. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:4007-4023. [PMID: 36631578 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intensive urban agriculture is expanding in Cameroon, which increases the risks of environmental pollution, particularly in the lowlands. This study assessed the seasonal characteristics of some potentially toxic elements and their ecological risks during the dry and wet seasons in urban agricultural soils in four lowlands in Yaoundé. The area and seasonal variation of some potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni) were evaluated using mixed-effects modeling. The pollution status of these elements in the soil was evaluated and interpreted using parameters such as the single pollution (SPI) and Nemerow composite pollution (NCPI) indices. In addition, the effect of these metals in the environment was assessed using the potential ecological risk index (PERI). The distribution of all the studied elements showed an area effect, while a seasonal effect was only noticeable for Cu. The concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn was higher than the recommended threshold values in one of the areas sampled, while Cr exceeded these threshold values in all areas during both seasons. Cr exhibited the highest SPI among all studied elements during the dry and wet seasons in all areas. Except for the NCPI in one area, where grade V (strong) soil pollution was recorded during the wet season, the soil from all the study areas exhibited a slight pollution level (grade III) with a mean NCPI between 1 and 2. The PERI value of all areas was below the reference values during both seasons, suggesting an overall low potential contamination risk of the soil biota. The results indicate that preventive action to limit the heavy metal contamination in the lowlands of Yaoundé needs to be taken, for instance, through the promotion of more sustainable use of agrochemicals like pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Stephanie Nana
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Timo Falkenberg
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Rechenburg
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joshua Ntajal
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Anne Ayo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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42
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El-Kahawy RM, Mabrouk MS. Benthic foraminifera as bioindicators for the heavy metals in the severely polluted Hurghada Bay, Red Sea coast, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27242-4. [PMID: 37148519 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-nine sediment samples were collected from the Hurghada Bay, a heavily polluted bay on the Red Sea of Egypt, to inspect the environmental quality status and anthropogenic consequences on benthic foraminifera. Some foraminiferal species showed deformations in their apertures and coiling directions as a response to environmental stresses. In addition, the FoRAM index, an index used for evaluating the growth of coral reefs, indicated a hazard in the proximity of nearshore stations. To elucidate the relationships between the biological response and chemistry of sediments, eight heavy metals concentrations (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, As, Cr, Ni, and Mn) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometers (ICP-AES). Interestingly, two groups of benthic foraminiferal associations were illustrated using multivariate statistical analyses. Group I have extremely high heavy metal concentrations, an enriched total organic matter (TOM)%, high deformation percentages, and mud content. Moreover, it is dominated by Ammonia tepida which is regarded as an opportunistic species. Group II includes low to moderately polluted stations, highly enriched living foraminiferal assemblages, and is dominated by the sensitive rotaliids Neorotalia calcar and Amphistegina lobifera. Alternatively, four geochemical indices, EF, CF, Igeo, and PLI, are used to assess the contamination level that shown ominous spots for the nearshore stations of the Hurghada Bay. The pollution indices (HQ and HI) were also conducted to evaluate the risks of carcinogenic heavy metals on human health. Our findings demonstrated that ingestion and dermal exposure have greater carcinogenic hazards for adults and children than inhalation. The lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) is significantly higher than the permissible limit and follows this order: Pb > As > Cr > Cd > Ni. To that end, developing strategies to lessen the negative impact of pollution on human health and/or the Red Sea's biodiversity is an inevitable issue in the present day and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan M El-Kahawy
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Mabrouk
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
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43
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Mahato MK, Singh AK, Giri S. Assessment of metal pollution and human health risks in road dust from mineral rich zone of East Singhbhum, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2291-2308. [PMID: 35939248 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of heavy metals in the road dust of a mineral rich zone of Jharkhand state, India is reported herein. Metal concentrations in the road dust exceeded the corresponding values in the average shale as well as world average of soil. Metal pollution due to the road dust and the possible health impact arising there from was appraised through a number of indices such as Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Pollution Load Index, Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor and US EPA Hazard Index and Cancer Risk. Cu contamination was highest as per EF and Igeo, followed by Pb and Zn. Aggravated heavy metal loading in the road dust was conspicuous in the proximity of copper mines and processing units. Both geogenic and anthropogenic sources were responsible for heavy metals in road dust according to principal component analysis. Hazard Quotient, Hazard Index and Cancer Risk were calculated to ascertain non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks in adults and children. Local inhabitants, particularly children, were under appreciable cancer and non-cancer risk. Oral ingestion was the major pathway for risk to the local commuters followed by dermal pathway. Present study underscored the importance of regular heavy metal monitoring of road dust in this zone and administer proactive road dust management practices to reduce metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Mahato
- Water Resources Management Research Group, CSIR- Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India.
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Water Resources Management Research Group, CSIR- Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India
| | - Soma Giri
- Water Resources Management Research Group, CSIR- Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India
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44
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Diwa RR, Deocaris CC, Geraldo LD, Belo LP. Ecological and health risks from heavy metal sources surrounding an abandoned mercury mine in the island paradise of Palawan, Philippines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15713. [PMID: 37305506 PMCID: PMC10256827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent survey that determined heavy metal concentrations in an abandoned Hg mine in Palawan, Philippines, found the occurrence of Hg with As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, V, and Zn. While the Hg originated from the mine waste calcines, the critical knowledge about the origin of the other heavy metals remains unknown. This study assessed the ecological and health risks from heavy metal pollution surrounding the abandoned Hg mine. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the abandoned mine and natural sources (i.e., local geology) are the two main contributors of heavy metal pollution. Historically, the mine waste calcines (retorted ore) were used as construction material for the wharf and as land filler for the adjacent communities. There is highly strong ecological risk associated with the heavy metals: Ni, Hg, Cr, and Mn contribute 44.3%, 29.5%, 10.7%, and 8.9% to the potential ecological risk index (RI), respectively. Hazard index (HI) exceeded 1 for both adults and children in all the sampling locations, implying non-carcinogenic adverse effects. The total cancer risk over a lifetime (LCR) also exceeded the threshold limit of 10-4 for both adults and children, contributed mainly by Cr (91.8%) and As (8.1%). By combining the results of the PCA and risk assessments, a clear link between heavy metal source apportionment to ecological and health risks was established. It was estimated that the abandoned mine contributed to most of the ecological and health risks for people living near the wharf that was built using the calcine, as well as the nearby Honda Bay. The findings of this study are expected to help policy makers develop regulations that will safeguard the ecosystem and the general public from the damaging impacts of heavy metals from the abandoned mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reymar R. Diwa
- Research and Development Center, Rizal Technological University, Mandaluyong City 1550, Philippines
- Atomic Research Division, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Department of Science & Technology, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Custer C. Deocaris
- Atomic Research Division, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Department of Science & Technology, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
- BANToxics, Barangay Central, Quezon City, 1100 Philippines
| | - Lhevy D. Geraldo
- Earth and Space Sciences Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Rizal Technological University, Mandaluyong City 1550, Philippines
| | - Lawrence P. Belo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines
- BANToxics, Barangay Central, Quezon City, 1100 Philippines
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45
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Gracheva NV. Heavy metal content in soil-like fractions on the landfills within Volgograd boundaries and assessment of health risk connected to its presence in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01554-3. [PMID: 37031452 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal content (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd) in a soil-like fraction from two landfills located within the boundaries of Volgograd was described using pollution indices and health risks. The calculated pollution index (PI) values have shown a lack of Pb and Zn pollution in the soil-like fraction from both landfills. For landfill No.1, the pollution level was determined as very high for Cd and as low for Cu and Ni, and for landfill No.2, this level was determined as very high, low, and non-polluted, respectively. The Nemerov integral pollution index (NIPI) values (25.24-43.90 for landfill No. 1 and 10.37-40.38 for landfill No. 2) indicated a high level of pollution in a soil-like fraction with studied elements in both landfills. According to the calculated values of the hazard index (HI), which are significantly lower than 1 in all samples, there is no non-carcinogenic risk for children and adults associated with the presence of a soil-like fraction in the environment. The total potential carcinogenic risks (TCR) associated with the heavy metals in a soil-like fraction were determined to be high for both target groups. The health of a child target group (TCR = 1.30E-03 and 4.87E-04) was found to be more exposed to carcinogenic risk than an adult target group (TCR = 1.40E-04 and 5.21E-05). Because the risk of a carcinogenic effect is high, the use of a soil-like fraction from both landfills for territory reclamation without prior detoxification is not allowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V Gracheva
- Department of Industrial Ecology and Life Safety, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia.
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46
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Samdan C, Bozkurt T. Optimization of the effect of microelectrodes on Ni 2+ removal in three-dimensional electrode system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47311-47327. [PMID: 36738410 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated Ni+2 removal performance in 3DER reactors where electrocoagulation mechanisms and microelectrodes are used together. EDTA modification was carried out on the granule-activated carbon surface to increase the efficiency and affinity of microelectrodes against Ni+2 molecules. The grafting was examined using BET, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, and the elemental mapping methods. With the surface analyses made in this study, it was revealed that EDTA modification on granulated activated carbon was successfully performed. Also, 8.48%wt by mass of EDTA grafting on granular activated carbon was possible. EDTA functionalization did not affect the surface pore structures of CAC much. Under 10 V potential, 97.82% Ni removal efficiency was obtained with 2D in 35 min, while 96.69% removal in 10 min and 100% removal in 15 min were obtained in the 3D reactor. The Ni+2 removal mechanism in 3DER reactors has been determined to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The k2 value obtained for 10 V (1.36 10-2) is 27 times the k2 value obtained for 5 V for 3DER reactors. In addition, using central composite design (CCD), operational parameters such as time, concentration, and potential difference affecting Ni+2 removal in 3DER reactors have been optimized. The most influential parameter is the applied voltage, followed by time and concentration. It has been determined that 3DER reactors using EDTA-modified microelectrodes are highly efficient and suitable for Ni+2 removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Samdan
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Tugce Bozkurt
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
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47
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Khan MA, Nawab J, Khan A, Brusseau ML, Khan SN, Ali N, Bahadur S, Khan S, Huang Q. Human Health and Ecological Risks Associated with Total and Bioaccessible Concentrations of Cadmium and Lead in Urban Park Soils. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:61. [PMID: 36907936 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the total and bioaccessible concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in urban soils and their associated human health and ecological risk. Total and bioaccessible metal concentrations were found within the safe limits except for Cd, surpassing the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) China limit in 9.5% of parks. Bioaccessible concentrations were higher in the gastric (G) phase than the intestinal (I) phase, while Cd showed more bioaccessibility compared to Pb. Bioaccessible concentrations reduced Hazard Quotient (HQing) values by 2-22 times and 0-2 times for children and adults, respectively, while hazard index (HI) declined by 1.7 times, and the mean total bioaccessible risk of Pb decreased by 20.8 times. Further, the study revealed a low level of contamination factor (CF < 1) and a low degree of contamination (CD < 6), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) values for all the cities were less than 150, indicating low ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Khan
- College of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Anwarzeb Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mark L Brusseau
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shah Nawaz Khan
- Centre for Disaster Preparedness and Management, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Neelum Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Qing Huang
- College of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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48
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Mizan A, Mamun MAH, Islam MS. Metal contamination in soil and vegetables around Savar tannery area, Dhaka, Bangladesh: A preliminary study for risk assessment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13856. [PMID: 36925545 PMCID: PMC10011199 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of heavy metal concentrations in soil and their accumulation in vegetables grown in the newly shifted tannery area of Savar, Bangladesh, is crucial for human health. Heavy metals (i.e., Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd) concentrations in soil and vegetable samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). In soil, 3220 mg/kg Cr was observed, which was 32-fold greater than the WHO/FAO recommended limit. Ecological risk indices such as the contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index, and geoaccumulation index showed metal levels as moderately to very highly contaminated. The non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) was found to be higher, and the carcinogenic risk (CR) exceeded the acceptable value 1 × 10-6 and posed greater risks to children than adults, especially for Cr in soil. The main exposure pathway for soil metals was 97.8-99.9% due to oral ingestion. The concentration of heavy metals especially Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cd, in vegetables was alarming as they crossed the safety limit. The calculated mean hazard index (8.71) for vegetable samples showed elevated levels of potential NCR, while CR for Cr and Cd, exceeded the acceptable limit of 1 × 10-6, indicating the probability of cancer risk to humans through the consumption of vegetables. This study revealed a to-and-fro analysis of the present scenario of the tannery area, giving importance to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Mizan
- Institute of Appropriate Technology, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Leather Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering &Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arif Hasan Mamun
- Institute of Appropriate Technology, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
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Shahab A, Hui Z, Rad S, Xiao H, Siddique J, Huang LL, Ullah H, Rashid A, Taha MR, Zada N. A comprehensive review on pollution status and associated health risk assessment of human exposure to selected heavy metals in road dust across different cities of the world. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:585-606. [PMID: 35347514 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to expound on the present situation and potential risk of road dust heavy metals in major cities, a total of 114 literatures mainly over the past two decades, involving more than 5000 sampling sites in 61 cities of 21 countries, were screened through the collection and analysis of research papers. The concentration, sources, distribution, health risk, sample collection, and analytical methods of heavy metal research on road dust in cities around the world are summarized. The results show that Cd, Zn, and Cu in many urban road dusts in the world are higher than the grade II of the Chinese maximum allowable concentration of potentially toxic elements in the soil. Geo-accumulation index values show that Pb > Cd > Zn > Cu had the highest contamination levels. Hazard index assessment indicates Pb and Cr had the highest potential health risk, especially for children in which ingestion was found as the main exposure pathway. Moreover, through comparative analysis, it is found that some pollutants are higher in developed and industrialized cities and transport (53%) followed by industrial emissions (35%) provide the major contributions to the sources of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfandyar Shahab
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zhang Hui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Saeed Rad
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - He Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jamil Siddique
- Department of the Earth Sciences Quaid I, Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Liang Liang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Audil Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Raihan Taha
- Department of Civil Engineering, University Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Zada
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College Timergara, 18300, Timergara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
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Jakovljević I, Smoljo I, Sever Štrukil Z, Pehnec G. Carcinogenic Activity and Risk Assessment of PAHs in Ambient Air: PM 10 Particle Fraction and Bulk Deposition. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11030228. [PMID: 36976993 PMCID: PMC10051387 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper present seasonal variation in the equivalent concentration (BaPeq) of PAHs in order to assess the potential cancer risk for two different groups of residents via ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation pathways. The possible ecological risk caused by PAH atmospheric deposition based on risk quotient was also estimated. A bulk (total, wet and dry) deposition and PM10 particle fraction (particles with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter < 10 µm) were collected from June 2020 to May 2021 at an urban residential location in the northern part of Zagreb, Croatia. The monthly average of total equivalent BaPeq mass concentrations of PM10 varied from 0.057 ng m-3 in July to 3.656 ng m-3 in December; the annul ∑BaPeq average was 1.348 ng m-3. In bulk deposition, ∑BaPeq mass concentrations varied from 1.94 to 57.60 ng L-1. In both investigated media, BaP had the highest contribution in carcinogenic activity. For PM10 media, dermal absorption implied the greatest potential cancer risk, followed by ingestion and inhalation. For bulk media, a moderate ecological risk for BaA, BbF and BaP was observed according to the risk quotient approach.
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