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Diao H, Lan C, Huang H, Xu F, Dong D, Dong W, Qiu Y, Chen J, Ren Y. Effects of the recovery period after particulate matter pollution events on the dust retention capacity and physiological characteristics of Nerium oleander. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174990. [PMID: 39094640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Plants are known for their significant dust retention capacity and are widely used to alleviate atmospheric pollution. Urban green plants are exposed to periodic particulate matter pollution stress, and the time intervals between periods of pollution exposure are often inconsistent. The impact of stress memory and pollution intervals on plant dust retention capacity and physiological characteristics during periodic stress is not yet clear. In this study, the common urban landscaping species Nerium oleander L. was selected as the test plant, and stable isotope (15NH4Cl) tracing technology and aerosol generators were used to simulate periodic PM2.5 pollution. This study included two particulate pollution periods (each lasting 14 days) and one recovery period with three different durations (7, 14, and 21 days). The results indicated that periodic particulate matter pollution-induced stress decreased the dust retention capacity of N. oleander leaf surfaces, but particle adsorption to the wax layer was more stable. As the duration of the recovery period increased, leaf particle absorption, which accounted for the greatest proportion of total dust retention, increased, indicating that leaves are the primary organ for dust retention in Nerium oleander L. Root absorption also increased with increasing recovery periods. Prior pollution stress increased oleander physiological and morphological responses, and the plant's air pollution tolerance significantly improved after a recovery period of >14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Chenqiyu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Hanhan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Dubin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Wen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yingying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
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2
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He D, Yuan J, Lin R, Xie D, Wang Y, Kim G, Lei Y, Li Y. Impact of atmospheric particulate matter retention on physiological characters of five plant species under different pollution levels in Zhengzhou. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18119. [PMID: 39351367 PMCID: PMC11441390 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) pollution has become a major environmental risk, and green plants can mitigate air pollution by regulating their enzymatic activity, osmoregulatory substances, photosynthetic pigments, and other biochemical characteristics. The present investigation aims to evaluate the mitigation potential of five common evergreen tree species (Photinia serrulata, Ligustrum lucidum, Eriobotrya japonica, Euonymus japonicus, Pittosporum tobira) against air pollution and to assess the effect of dust retention on plant physiological functions exposed to three different pollution levels (road, campus, and park). The results found that the amount of dust retained per unit leaf area of the plants was proportional to the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter in the environment, and that dust accumulation was higher on the road and campus than in the park. There were significant differences in dust retention among the five tree species, with the highest leaf dust accumulation observed for E. japonica (5.45 g·m-2), and the lowest for P. tobira (1.53 g·m-2). In addition, the increase in PM adsorption by different plants was uneven with increasing pollution levels, with significant decreases in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic and transpiration rate. From a physiological perspective, P. tobira exhibited greater potential to respond to PM pollution. Biochemical indicators suggested that PM pollution caused changes in plant protective enzyme activities, with a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as promoting membrane lipid peroxidation, and appropriate stress also enables plants to counteract oxidative damage. In particular, PM exposure also induced stomatal constriction. Overall, PM retention was significantly associated with physiological and photosynthetic traits. In conclusion, our study contributes to the understanding of the effects of PM on plant physiology. Furthermore, it also provides insights into the selection of plants that are tolerant to PM pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiangqin Yuan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Runze Lin
- Landscape Architecture Department, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongbo Xie
- Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gunwoo Kim
- Graduate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Yakai Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Permana BH, Krobthong S, Yingchutrakul Y, Thiravetyan P, Treesubsuntorn C. Sansevieria trifasciata's specific metabolite improves tolerance and efficiency for particulate matter and volatile organic compound removal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124199. [PMID: 38788990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation has become famous for removing particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but the ability is affected by plant health. Lately, the priming technique was a simple approach to studying improving plant tolerance against abiotic stress by specific metabolites that accumulated, known as "memory", but the mechanism underlying this mechanism and how long this "memory" was retained in the plant was a lack of study. Sansevieria trifasciata was primed for one week for PM and VOC stress to improve plant efficiency on PM and VOC. After that, the plant was recovered for two- or five-weeks, then re-exposed to the same stress with similar PM and VOC concentrations from cigarette smoke. Primed S. trifasciata showed improved removal of PMs entirely within 2 h and VOC within 24 h. The primed plant can maintain a malondialdehyde (MDA) level and retain the "memory" for two weeks. Metabolomics analysis showed that an ornithine-related compound was accumulated as a responsive metabolite under exposure to PM and VOC stress. Exogenous ornithine can maintain plant efficiency and prevent stress by increasing proline and antioxidant enzymes. This study is the first to demonstrate plant "memory" mechanisms under PM and VOC stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Hadi Permana
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- Proteomics Research Team, National Omics Center, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Paitip Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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Dresler S, Wójciak M, Sowa I, Sawicki J, Strzemski M, Hawrylak-Nowak B, Hanaka A. Accumulation ability of trace metals by silver birch leaves in areas contaminated by Zn-Pb ore processing: Effects of excessive trace metal accumulation on specialized metabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142719. [PMID: 38944353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The study was carried out in the most industrialised region of southern Poland. Four areas were selected for the study: the vicinity of the Miasteczko Śląskie Zn-Pb-works (ZW; with three transects selected: A, B, and C), and the metalliferous waste heaps (H1, H2, H3). Samples were taken from the surface soil layer, while only mature silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees (3-4 m high) growing spontaneously in the study area were selected for the collection of leaves. The analysis of metals including trace metals (TMs; Ag, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn) in the soil and leaves, as well as the contents of specialized leaf compounds belonging to polyphenols were performed. In general, the B. pendula trees in transects A and B located within 500 m of the furnaces exhibited 3-9 times higher content of TMs in their leaves compared to the plants located further away from the Zn smelter. In contrast, the quantity of TM in trees from transect C was independent of distance. The accumulation of TMs in the leaves was significantly lower in the metalliferous waste heap sites compared to the ZW area. It was hypothesised that the accumulation of TMs in B. pendula leaves would depend on the location and distance from the polluting source. It was demonstrated that TMs content in soil affects the accumulation of phenolic acids and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Sawicki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Feng LX, Li YN, Geng LP, Gao PP, Li XY, Li DH, Hua GL, Zhao QL, Liu WJ, Xue PY. Foliar uptake screening: A promising strategy for identifying wheat varieties with low lead accumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173166. [PMID: 38735315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) contamination in wheat grain is of great concern, especially in North China. Atmospheric deposition is a major contributor to Pb accumulation in wheat grain. Screening low Pb accumulating wheat varieties has been an effective method for addressing Pb contamination in wheat grain. However, identifying wheat varieties with low Pb accumulation based on foliar uptake of atmospheric Pb has been neglected. Therefore, two field trials with distinct atmospheric Pb deposition were conducted to screen for stable varieties with low Pb accumulation. It was verified that YB700 and CH58, which have high thousand-grain weights and stable low Pb accumulation in field 1 (0.19 and 0.13 mg kg-1) and field 2 (0.17 and 0.20 mg kg-1), respectively, were recommended for cultivation in atmospheric Pb contaminated farmlands in North China. Furthermore, indoor experiments were conducted to investigate Pb uptake by the roots and leaves of different wheat varieties. Our findings indicate that Pb accumulation in different wheat varieties is primarily influenced by foliar Pb uptake rather than root Pb uptake. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the Pb concentrations in leaves and the stomatal width and trichome length of the adaxial epidermal surface. Additionally, there is a positive correlation (p < 0.01) between the Pb concentration in the wheat grain and trichome length. In conclusion, the screening of wheat varieties with narrower stomatal widths or shorter trichomes based on foliar uptake pathways is an effective strategy for ensuring food safety in areas contaminated by atmospheric Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Xu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Yu-Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Ping Geng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Pei-Pei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Ding-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Gui-Li Hua
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Quan-Li Zhao
- The Teaching and Experimental Station, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Wen-Ju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Pei-Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
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Moura BB, Zammarchi F, Manzini J, Yasutomo H, Brilli L, Vagnoli C, Gioli B, Zaldei A, Giordano T, Martinelli F, Paoletti E, Ferrini F. Assessment of seasonal variations in particulate matter accumulation and elemental composition in urban tree species. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118782. [PMID: 38570123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution in urban areas, especially particulate matter (PM), is harmful to human health. Urban trees and shrubs provide crucial ecosystem services such as air pollution mitigation by acting as natural filters. However, urban greenery comprises a particular biodiversity, and different plant species vary in their capacity to accumulate PM. Twenty-two plant species were analyzed and selected according to their leaf traits, the different fractions of PM accumulated on the leaves (large - PML, coarse - PMC, and fine - PMF) and their chemical composition. The study was conducted in four city zones: urban traffic (UT), urban background (UB), industrial (IND), and rural (RUR), comparing winter (W) and summer (S) seasons. The average PM levels in the air and accumulated on the leaves were higher in W than in S season. During both seasons, the highest PM accumulated on the leaves was recorded at the UT zone. Nine species were selected as the most suitable for accumulating PML, seven as the most efficient for accumulating PMC, and six for accumulating PMF. The leaf area and leaf roundness were correlated negatively with PM accumulation. The evergreen species L. nobilis was indicated as suitable for dealing with air pollution based on PM10 and PM2.5 values recorded in the air. Regarding the PM element and metal composition, L. nobilis, Photinia x fraseri, Olea europaea, Quercus ilex and Nerium oleander were selected as species with notable elements and metal accumulation. In summary, the study identified species with higher PM accumulation capacity and assessed the seasonal PM accumulation patterns in different city zones, providing insights into the species interactions with PM and their potential for monitoring and coping with air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy.
| | - Francesco Zammarchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jacopo Manzini
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Hoshika Yasutomo
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050, (Potenza), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brilli
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carolina Vagnoli
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zaldei
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordano
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 9, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050, (Potenza), Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy; Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP) National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Gajbhiye T, Tiwari A, Malik TG, Dubey R, Pandey SK, Alharby HF, Hakeem KR. SEM-EDS-based rapid measurement and size-fractionated speciation of airborne particulate matter and associated metals utilizing plant leaves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47144-47156. [PMID: 38987515 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess particulate matter pollution and the accumulation of airborne toxic metals by studying the foliar deposition pattern in an urban environment. To this end, two commonly growing plants (Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby and Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.) from the busiest traffic squares of the city (Nehru Chowk) in Bilaspur, India, were selected for detailed study. For this purpose, plant leaf samples of both plant species were collected from pollution-affected areas and a reference site (unpolluted) in the city and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to estimate the accumulation of PM-bound toxic metals at the leaf surfaces. The results of this study showed that the leaves of both plants accumulate PM in different size ranges. Although both plant leaves showed accumulation of PM from respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) to ultra-fine particles (UFPs: < 0.1: less than 100 nm) range along with toxic metals, S. siamea retained a higher level of PM than A. scholaris due to better micro-morphological properties on both leaf surfaces. The size of some PM was found to be smaller than the stoma openings. The EDS study proved the presence of harmful airborne toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zr, Al, Co, etc.) in these PMs of ambient air. This indicates that toxic metals can enter the leaves through stomatal openings. The results of this study recommended that both plants can be used as a tool to minimise PM pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triratnesh Gajbhiye
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (a Central University), Bilaspur, CG, 495009, India
- Department of Botany, Govt. Shankar Sao Patel College Waraseoni, Waraseoni, MP, 481331, India
| | - Ankesh Tiwari
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (a Central University), Bilaspur, CG, 495009, India
| | - Tanzil Gaffar Malik
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (a Central University), Bilaspur, CG, 495009, India
- Physical Research Laboratory, Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rashmi Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, L.B.S. College, Baloda (Janjgir-Champa), 495559, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Pandey
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (a Central University), Bilaspur, CG, 495009, India
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Princess Dr, Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
- University Centre for Research and Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
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8
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Afifa, Arshad K, Hussain N, Ashraf MH, Saleem MZ. Air pollution and climate change as grand challenges to sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172370. [PMID: 38604367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
There is a cross-disciplinary link between air pollution, climate crisis, and sustainable lifestyle as they are the most complex struggles of the present century. This review takes an in-depth look at this relationship, considering carbon dioxide emissions primarily from the burning of fossil fuels as the main contributor to global warming and focusing on primary SLCPs such as methane and ground-level ozone. Such pollutants severely alter the climate through the generation of greenhouse gases. The discussion is extensive and includes best practices from conventional pollution control technologies to hi-tech alternatives, including electric vehicles, the use of renewables, and green decentralized solutions. It also addresses policy matters, such as imposing stricter emissions standards, setting stronger environmental regulations, and rethinking some economic measures. Besides that, new developments such as congestion charges, air ionization, solar-assisted cleaning systems, and photocatalytic materials are among the products discussed. These strategies differ in relation to the local conditions and therefore exhibit a varying effectiveness level, but they remain evident as a tool of pollution deterrence. This stresses the importance of holistic and inclusive approach in terms of engineering, policies, stakeholders, and ecological spheres to tackle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa
- Centre for Applied molecular biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashaf Arshad
- Department of Zoology (Wildlife and Fisheries), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Centre for Applied molecular biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Hamza Ashraf
- Centre for Applied molecular biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar Saleem
- Centre for Applied molecular biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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9
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Yang X, Hou R, Fu Q, Li T, Li M, Cui S, Li Q, Liu M. A critical review of biochar as an environmental functional material in soil ecosystems for migration and transformation mechanisms and ecological risk assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121196. [PMID: 38763117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
At present, biochar has a large application potential in soil amelioration, pollution remediation, carbon sequestration and emission reduction, and research on the effect of biochar on soil ecology and environment has made positive progress. However, under natural and anthropogenic perturbations, biochar may undergo a series of environmental behaviors such as migratory transformation, mineralization and decomposition, and synergistic transport, thus posing certain potential risks. This paper outlines the multi-interfacial migration pathway of biochar in "air-soil-plant-animal-water", and analyzes the migration process and mechanism at different interfaces during the preparation, transportation and application of biochar. The two stages of the biochar mineralization process (mineralization of easily degradable aliphatic carbon components in the early stage and mineralization of relatively stable aromatic carbon components in the later stage) were described, the self-influencing factors and external environmental factors of biochar mineralization were analyzed, and the mineral stabilization mechanism and positive/negative excitation effects of biochar into the soil were elucidated. The proximity between field natural and artificially simulated aging of biochar were analyzed, and the change of its properties showed a trend of biological aging > chemical aging > physical aging > natural aging, and in order to improve the simulation and prediction, the artificially simulated aging party needs to be changed from a qualitative method to a quantitative method. The technical advantages, application scope and potential drawbacks of different biochar modification methods were compared, and biological modification can create new materials with enhanced environmental application. The stability performance of modified biochar was compared, indicating that raw materials, pyrolysis temperature and modification method were the key factors affecting the stability of biochar. The potential risks to the soil environment from different pollutants carried by biochar were summarized, the levels of pollutants released from biochar in the soil environment were highlighted, and a comprehensive selection of ecological risk assessment methods was suggested in terms of evaluation requirements, data acquisition and operation difficulty. Dynamic tracing of migration decomposition behavior, long-term assessment of pollution remediation effects, and directional design of modified composite biochar materials were proposed as scientific issues worthy of focused attention. The results can provide a certain reference basis for the theoretical research and technological development of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
| | - Tianxiao Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
| | - Mo Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Song Cui
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Mingxuan Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
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10
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Kończak B, Wiesner-Sękala M, Ziembińska-Buczyńska A. The European trees phyllosphere characteristics and its potential in air bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123977. [PMID: 38621454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The air pollution remediation is naturally carried out by plants. Their overground parts called phyllosphere are a type of a natural filter on which pollutants can be adsorb. Moreover, microbial communities living in phyllosphere perform a variety of biochemical processes removing also chemical pollutants. As their pollution is nowadays a burning issue especially for highly developed countries, the development of effective and ecological technologies for air treatment are of the utmost importance. The use of phyllosphere bacteria in the process of air bioremediation is a promising technology. This article reviews the role of phyllospheric bacteria in air bioremediation processes especially linked with the moderate climate plants. Research results published so far indicate that phyllosphere bacteria are able to metabolize the air pollutants but their potential is strictly determined by plant-phyllospheric bacteria interaction. The European tree species most commonly used for this purpose are also presented. The collected information filled the gap in the practical use of tree species in air bioremediation in the moderate climate zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kończak
- Department of Water Protection, Central Mining Institute - National Research Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland.
| | - M Wiesner-Sękala
- Department of Water Protection, Central Mining Institute - National Research Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland.
| | - A Ziembińska-Buczyńska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, str. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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11
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Falakdin P, Lopez-Rosales A, Andrade J, Terzaghi E, Di Guardo A, Muniategui-Lorenzo S. Comparison of microplastic type, size, and composition in atmospheric and foliage samples in an urban scenario. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123911. [PMID: 38604308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The rising trend of plastic production in last years and the inadequate disposal of related waste has raised concerns regarding microplastic-related environmental issues. Microplastic particles disperse by means of transport and deposition processes to different ecosystems and enter food chains. In this paper, atmospheric deposition and foliage samples of two species (i.e., Hedera helix and Photinia glabra) were collected and analysed for the quantity and identity of microplastics (MPs). A preliminary methodology to treat foliage samples and subsequently identify MPs using a quantum cascade laser IR spectrophotometer is presented. The treatment of airborne samples involved filtration, mild digestion, concentration, and transfer onto reflective slides whereas that for foliage involved washing, concentration, and transference of putative MPs onto reflective slides. Fibers and fragments were differentiated according to their physical features (size, width, height, etc.) and calculating derived characteristics (namely, circularity and solidity). The preliminary results obtained suggest a good agreement between atmospheric-deposited and foliage-retained MPs, showing the capability of leaves to act as passive samplers for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Falakdin
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Adrian Lopez-Rosales
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry. Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jose Andrade
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry. Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Group of Applied Analytical Chemistry. Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071, A Coruña, Spain.
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12
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Permana BH, Thiravetyan P, Treesubsuntorn C. Exogenous of different elicitors: proline and ornithine on Sansevieria trifasciata under particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34028-34037. [PMID: 38693456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation has become famous for removing particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in situ. Plants for removing PM and VOC were associated with botanical biofilters to attract pollution to the plant. On the other hand, persistent pollution exposure can lower plant health and phytoremediation effectiveness; therefore, improving plant tolerance against stress is necessary. Various elicitors can enhance plant tolerance to certain stressors. This study aims to investigate different elicitors to maintain plant health and improve the use of plants in phytoremediation for PM and VOC pollution. This experiment used Sansevieria trifasciata hort. ex Prain under PM and VOC stress. Exogenous elicitors, such as proline, ornithine, and a commercial product, were applied to the leaf parts before exposure to PM and VOC stress. The initial concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were 300-350, 350-450, and 400-500 µg m-3, respectively, while the VOC concentration was 2.5-3.0 mg m-3. The plant was stressed for 7 days. The result indicated that ornithine 10 mM is vital in improving plant tolerance and inducing antioxidant enzymes against PM and VOC, while proline 50 mM and a commercial product could not reduce plant stress. This study suggests that ornithine might be an important metabolite to improve plant tolerance to PM and VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Hadi Permana
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Paitip Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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13
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Tang JH, Huang YJ, Lee PH, Lee YT, Wang YC, Chan TC. Associations between community green view index and fine particulate matter from Airboxes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171213. [PMID: 38401737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Urban greenery can help to improve air quality, reduce health risks and create healthy livable urban communities. This study aimed to explore the role of urban greenery in reducing air pollution at the community level in Tainan City, Taiwan, using air quality sensors and street-view imagery. We also collected the number of road trees around each air quality sensor site and identified the species that were best at absorbing PM2.5. Three greenness metrics were used to assess community greenery in this study: two Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) from different satellites and the Green View Index (GVI) from Google Street View (GSV) images. Land-use Regression (LUR) was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that a higher GVI within a 500 m buffer was significantly associated with decreased PM2.5. Neither NDVI metrics within a 500 m circular buffer were significantly associated with decreased PM2.5. Evergreen trees were significantly associated with lower ambient PM2.5, compared with deciduous and semi-deciduous trees. Because localized changes in air quality profoundly affect public health and environmental equity, our findings provide evidence for future urban community greenspace planning and its beneficial impacts on reducing air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Tang
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jhen Huang
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsien Lee
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lee
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung campus, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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14
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Tomson M, Kumar P, Abhijith KV, Watts JF. Exploring the interplay between particulate matter capture, wash-off, and leaf traits in green wall species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170950. [PMID: 38360301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated inter-species variation in particulate matter (PM) accumulation, wash-off, and retention on green wall plants, with a focus on leaf characteristics. Ten broadleaf plant species were studied in an experimental green wall. Ambient PM concentrations remained relatively stable throughout the measurement period: PM1: 16.60 ± 9.97 μgm-3, PM2.5: 23.27 ± 11.88 μgm-3, and PM10: 39.59 ± 25.72 μgm-3. Leaf samples were taken before and after three rainfall events, and PM deposition was measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Leaf micromorphological traits, including surface roughness, hair density, and stomatal density, exhibited variability among species and leaf surfaces. Notably, I.sempervirens and H.helix had relatively high PM densities across all size fractions. The study underscored the substantial potential of green wall plants for atmospheric PM removal, with higher Wall Leaf Area Index (WLAI) species like A.maritima and T.serpyllum exhibiting increased PM accumulation at plant level. Rainfall led to significant wash-off for smaller particles, whereas larger particles exhibited lower wash-off rates. Leaf micromorphology impacted PM accumulation, although effects varied among species, and parameters such as surface roughness, stomatal density, and leaf size did not consistently affect PM deposition. The composition of deposited particles encompassed natural, vehicular, salt, and unclassified agglomerates, with minimal changes after rainfall. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) assessments revealed that I.sempervirens displayed the highest air pollution tolerance, while O.vulgare had the lowest. APTI showed a moderate positive correlation with PM deposition across all fractions. The study concluded that the interplay of macro and micromorphology in green wall plant species determines their PM removal potential. Further research is needed to identify the key leaf characteristics for optimal green wall species selection for effective PM removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Tomson
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Institute for Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - K V Abhijith
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - John F Watts
- School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
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15
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Hong J, Park C, Kim K, Jeon J, Son J, Chang H, Park CR, Kim HS. Experimental analysis of PM 2.5 reduction characteristics between Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) and sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima) saplings under different densities and arrangement structures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123699. [PMID: 38460588 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
As global air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), has become a major environmental problem, various PM2.5 mitigation technologies including green infrastructure have received significant attention. However, owing to spatial constraints on urban greening, there is a lack of management plans for urban forests to efficiently mitigate PM2.5. In this study, we assessed the PM2.5 reduction capabilities of Pinus densiflora (Korean red pine) and Quercus acutissima (sawtooth oak) by measuring the changes of PM2.5 concentrations using an experimental chamber system. In addition, the PM2.5 reduction efficiency in 90 min (PMRE90) and the amount of PM2.5 reduction per leaf area (PMRLA) were compared based on arrangement structures and density levels. The results showed that the PM2.5 reduction by plants was significantly greater than that of the control experiment without any plants, and an additional reduction effect of approximately 1.38 times was induced by a 1.5 m s-1 air flow. The PMRE90 of Korean red pine was the highest at medium density. In contrast, the PMRE90 of sawtooth oak was the highest at high density. The PMRLA of both species was highest at low densities. The different responses of the species to total reduction were well explained by total leaf area (TLA). The PMRE90 of both species was positively correlated with TLA. The PMRLA of sawtooth oak was approximately 2.3 times greater than that of Korean red pine. However, there were no significant differences in both PMRE90 and PMRLA between the arrangement structures. Our findings reveal the potential mechanisms of vegetation in reducing PM2.5 according to arrangement structure and density. This highlights the importance of efficiently using urban green spaces with spatial constraints on PM2.5 mitigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Hong
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanoh Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Jeon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jounga Son
- Urban Forests Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Chang
- Urban Forests Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Ryul Park
- Urban Forests Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Papa G, Pellecchia M, Capitani G, Negri I. The use of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to monitor airborne particulate matter and assess health effects on pollinators. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33170-8. [PMID: 38615149 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The honey bee Apis mellifera has long been recognized as an ideal bioindicator for environmental pollution. These insects are exposed to pollutants during their foraging activities, making them effective samplers of environmental contaminants, including heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, and volatile organic compounds. Recently, it has been demonstrated that honey bees can be a valuable tool for monitoring and studying airborne PM pollution, a complex mixture of particles suspended in the air, known to have detrimental effects on human health. Airborne particles attached to the bees can be characterised for their morphology, size, and chemical composition using a scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray spectroscopy, thus providing key information on the emission sources of the particles, their environmental fate, and the potential to elicit inflammatory injury, oxidative damage, and other health effects in living organisms. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of the studies involving the use of honey bees to monitor airborne PM, including the limits of this approach and possible perspectives. The use of honey bees as a model organism for ecotoxicological studies involving pollutant PM is also presented and discussed, further highlighting the role of the bees as a cornerstone of human, animal, and environmental health, according to the principles of the "One Health" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Papa
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili (DIPROVES), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Capitani
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra (DISAT), Università Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Negri
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili (DIPROVES), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
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17
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Mawassy Z, Henner P, Avellan A, Rose J. Comprehensive framework for overcoming scientific challenges related to assessing radioactive ultra-fine (nano/micro) particles transfer at the atmosphere-leaf interface. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133346. [PMID: 38320349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Food products are prone into contamination after a nuclear emission of radionuclides. While the mechanisms of emission and deposition of ultrafine radioactive particles are well documented, the transfer of these species from the atmosphere into plants is poorly assessed. This is evident in the lack of quantification of particles distributed within plants, especially regarding particles physical-chemical criteria to plant of different properties. Such knowledge gaps raise the concern about the representativeness of risk assessment tools designed for the transfer evaluation of ionic/soluble species to be qualified for simulating insoluble species exposure and proposes a possible underestimation. This highlights the possible need for special particle codes development to be implemented in models for future emissions. In addition, the later tools utilize transfer factors aggregating relevant sub-processes, suggesting another weak point in their overall reliability. As researchers specialized in the nuclear safety and protection, we intend in this perspective, to develop a compressive analysis of the interaction of ultrafine particles with plants of different specificities at different level processes starting from particles retention and gradual translocation to sink organs. This analysis is leveraged in providing insights for possible improvements in the current modeling tools for better real-life scenarios representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mawassy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SPDR/LT2S, F-13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - Pascale Henner
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SPDR/LT2S, F-13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - Astrid Avellan
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse - CNRS-CNES-IRD-Université Toulouse III Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jerome Rose
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), iRD, INRAE, OSU Pytheas, CEREGE UM34, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, Cedex 4, France
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18
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Park K, Lee J. Mitigating air and noise pollution through highway capping: The Bundang-Suseo Highway Cap Project case study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123620. [PMID: 38387547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Highways, while vital for transportation, often lead to heightened air and noise pollution, adversely affecting nearby communities. This study delves into the effectiveness of highway capping, a sustainable urban development strategy, in addressing these environmental challenges, with a specific focus on the Bundang-Suseo Highway in South Korea. This study employed a multifaceted approach, incorporating on-road monitoring, in situ measurements, and vertical assessments using UAVs. Following the cap's installation, the area experienced more stable pollutant levels, marking a notable shift from the previously fluctuating conditions heavily influenced by the highway. In-depth in situ monitoring near the cap revealed significant reductions in noise and pollutants like UFP and BC. Furthermore, UAV monitoring captured these changes in pollutant levels at different altitudes. Notably, the installation of the highway cap led to increased PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 levels at ground level, but a decrease above the cap, emphasizing the critical importance of intentional highway cap design in enhancing urban air quality and reducing exposure to harmful pollutants. This research yields invaluable insights for urban planners, health authorities, and policymakers, aiding the precise identification of pollution-prone areas and advocating for improved highway cap design to enhance urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Park
- Department of Urban Design and Studies, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Jeongwoo Lee
- Department of Urban Design and Studies, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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Mukhopadhyay S, Dutta R, Das P. Greenery planning for urban air pollution control based on biomonitoring potential: Explicit emphasis on foliar accumulation of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120524. [PMID: 38461639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, efficiencies of eight indigenous plants of Baishnabghata Patuli Township (BPT), southeast Kolkata, India, were explored as green barrier species and potentials of plant leaves were exploited for biomonitoring of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The present work focused on studying PM capturing abilities (539.32-2766.27 μg cm-2) of plants (T. divaricata, N. oleander and B. acuminata being the most efficient species in retaining PM) along with the estimation of foliar contents of PM adhered to leaf surfaces (total sPM (large + coarse): 526.59-2731.76 μg cm-2) and embedded within waxes (total wPM (large + coarse): 8.73-34.51 μg cm-2). SEM imaging used to analyse leaf surfaces affirmed the presence of innate corrugated microstructures as main drivers for particle capture. Accumulation capacities of PAHs of vehicular origin (total index, TI > 4) were compared among the species based on measured concentrations (159.92-393.01 μg g-1) which indicated T. divaricata, P. alba and N. cadamba as highest PAHs accumulators. Specific leaf area (SLA) of plants (71.01-376.79 cm2 g-1), a measure of canopy-atmosphere interface, had great relevance in PAHs diffusion. Relative contribution (>90%) of 4-6 ring PAHs to total carcinogenic equivalent and potential as well as 5-6 ring PAHs to total mutagenic equivalent and potential had also been viewed with respect to benzo[a]pyrene. In-depth analysis of foliar traits and adoption of plant-based ranking strategies (air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API)) provided a rationale for green belting. Each of the naturally selected plant species showed evidences of adaptations during abiotic stress to maximize survival and filtering effects for reductive elimination of ambient PM and PAHs, allowing holistic management of green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shritama Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Ratna Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Papita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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20
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Roy A, Mandal M, Das S, Popek R, Rakwal R, Agrawal GK, Awasthi A, Sarkar A. The cellular consequences of particulate matter pollutants in plants: Safeguarding the harmonious integration of structure and function. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169763. [PMID: 38181950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution is one of the pressing environmental concerns confronting human civilization in the face of the Anthropocene era. Plants are continuously exposed to an accelerating PM, threatening their growth and productivity. Although plants and plant-based infrastructures can potentially reduce ambient air pollutants, PM still affects them morphologically, anatomically, and physiologically. This review comprehensively summarizes an up-to-date review of plant-PM interaction among different functional plant groups, PM deposition and penetration through aboveground and belowground plant parts, and plants' cellular strategies. Upon exposure, PM represses lipid desaturases, eventually leading to modification of cell wall and membrane and altering cell fluidity; consequently, plants can sense the pollutants and, thus, adapt different cellular strategies. The PM also causes a reduction in the photosynthetically active radiation. The study demonstrated that plants reduce stomatal density to avoid PM uptake and increase stomatal index to compensate for decreased gaseous exchange efficiency and transpiration rates. Furthermore, genes and gene sets associated with photosynthesis, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the TCA cycle were dramatically lowered by PM stress. Several transcription factors, including MYB, C2H2, C3H, G2-like, and WRKY were induced, and metabolites such as proline and soluble sugar were accumulated to increase resistance against stressors. In addition, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were also accumulated to scavenge the PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, this review provides an insight into plants' underlying cellular mechanisms and gene regulatory networks in response to the PM to determine strategies to preserve their structural and functional blend in the face of particulate pollution. The study concludes by recommending that future research should precisely focus on plants' response to short- and long-term PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Roy
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Mamun Mandal
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujit Das
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Robert Popek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; GRADE Academy (Pvt.) Ltd., Birgunj, Nepal
| | | | - Amit Awasthi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, West Bengal, India.
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21
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Barwise Y, Kumar P, Abhijith KV, Gallagher J, McNabola A, Watts JF. A trait-based investigation into evergreen woody plants for traffic-related air pollution mitigation over time. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169713. [PMID: 38163588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated influences of leaf traits on particulate matter (PM) wash-off and (re)capture (i.e., net removal) over time. Leaf samples were taken before and after three rainfall events from a range of 10 evergreen woody plants (including five different leaf types), which were positioned with an optical particle counter alongside a busy road. Scanning electron microscopy was used to quantify the density (no./mm2), mass (μg/cm2), and elemental composition of deposited particles. To enable leaf area comparison between scale-like leaves and other leaf types, a novel metric (FSA: foliage surface area per unit branch length) was developed, which may be utilised by future research. Vehicle-related particles constituted 15 % of total deposition, and there was a notable 50 % decrease in the proportion of tyre wear particles after rainfall. T. baccata presented the lowest proportion (11.1 %) of vehicle-related particle deposition but the most consistent performance in terms of net PM removal. Only four of the 10 plant specimens (C. japonica, C. lawsoniana, J. chinensis, and T. baccata) presented effective PM wash-off across all particle size fractions and rainfall intensities, with a generally positive relationship observed between rainfall intensity and wash-off. Mass deposition was more significantly determined by particle size than number density. Interestingly, larger particles were also less easily washed off than smaller particles. Some traits typically considered to be advantageous (e.g., greater hairiness) may in fact hinder net removal over time due to retention under rainfall. Small leaf area is one trait that may promote both accumulation and wash-off. However, FSA was found to be the most influential trait, with an inverse relationship between FSA and wash-off efficacy. This finding poses trade-offs and opportunities for green infrastructure design, which are discussed. Finally, numerous areas for future research are recommended, underlining the importance of systems approaches in developing vegetation management frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yendle Barwise
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Institute for Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland..
| | - K V Abhijith
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - John Gallagher
- Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aonghus McNabola
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - John F Watts
- School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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22
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Wang M, Qin M, Xu P, Huang D, Jin X, Chen J, Dong D, Ren Y. Atmospheric particulate matter retention capacity of bark and leaves of urban tree species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123109. [PMID: 38086509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Urban vegetation can effectively filter and adsorb particulate matter (PM). However, limited studies have been conducted on the PM retention capacity of tree barks. This study investigated the ability of five common urban tree species in the Yangtze River Delta region to retain PM through their barks and leaves by conducting a 14-day tree PM retention experiment on the five tree species during autumn and winter. The results showed that (1) the PM retention per unit area of bark was 6.9 times and 11.8 times higher than that of leaves during autumn and winter, respectively; (2) when considering total surface area, bark and leaves exhibited comparable PM retention capacities at the whole-plant scale; (3) the ability of bark to retain PM is species-specific, which can be attributed to different bark morphology among different tree species; and (4) bark and leaves exhibited distinct preferences for retaining PM of different particle sizes, even when exposed to similar environmental conditions. This study highlights the remarkable ability of tree bark to PM removal and provides valuable insights into the role of urban trees in mitigating PM pollution. Furthermore, these findings can provide valuable insights into studies on dry deposition modelling, urban planning, and green space management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Man Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Peiji Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Dongming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Xinjie Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Dubin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
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23
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Su Z, Yang S, Han H, Bai Y, Luo W, Wang Q. Is biomagnetic leaf monitoring still an effective method for monitoring the heavy metal pollution of atmospheric particulate matter in clean cities? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167564. [PMID: 37802355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of a reasonable method for predicting heavy metals (HMs) pollution in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) remains challenging. This paper presents an elution-filtration method to collect PM from the surface of Osmanthus fragrans in a very clean area (Guiyang, China). The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of biomagnetic leaf monitoring as a simple and rapid method for assessing HMs pollution in clean cities. For this purpose, we determined the magnetic parameters and concentrations of selected HMs in PM samples to investigate their relationships. The results showed that the magnetic minerals in PM samples were mainly low coercivity ferrimagnetic minerals, with a small amount of high coercivity minerals. The types of magnetic minerals were generally single, and the magnetic domain state was pseudo-single domain (PSD). There was a significant correlation between magnetic parameters and the heavy metal (HM) concentrations in PM. Low-field magnetic susceptibility (χ) could be used as an ideal proxy for determining anthropogenic HM pollution. Traffic emissions were the main atmospheric pollution source in urban Guiyang. Due to the incomplete traffic network and large traffic flow, traffic congestion (TC) often occurred at road intersections in the northwest and southwest corners of the city, resulting in the highest concentration of magnetic minerals and the most severe PM pollution. To mitigate atmospheric PM pollution and protect public health, it is strongly recommended that municipal authorities prioritize urban planning and traffic management to address TC. Measures should be implemented urgently to alleviate stop-and-go traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Su
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Shixiong Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Huiqing Han
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Yumei Bai
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Luo
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
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24
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Jiao M, Wang Y, Yang F, Zhao Z, Wei Y, Li R, Wang Y. Dynamic fluctuations in plant leaf interception of airborne microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167877. [PMID: 37852496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves have been demonstrated to be a crucial sink of airborne microplastics (MPs). However, because of the particular shape of MPs and their relatively weak forces with leaves, the traditional accumulation model used for the adsorption of particulate matter and persistent organic pollutants may not be appropriate for describing the interception of MPs by leaves. Here, we performed a 7-day exploration of the interception of MPs by leaves in downtown Nanning. The abundances and characteristics of leaf-intercepted MPs showed dramatic diurnal fluctuations and interspecies differences (conifers > arbors > shrubs). The fluctuation (Coefficient of Variation (CV) = 0.459; abundances 0.003 ± 0.002 to 0.047 ± 0.005 n·cm-2) was even more drastic than that measured across species (CV = 0.353; 0.06 ± 0.01 to 0.40 ± 0.04 n·cm-2). Further analysis using partial least-squares path modeling demonstrated that stomatal variation and divergence largely dominated diurnal fluctuations and interspecies differences in microplastic interception by leaves, respectively. Our results highlight that the leaf-intercepted MPs is characterized by dynamic fluctuations rather than static equilibrium and reveal the important regulatory roles played by leaf micromorphological structures in intercepting MPs, thus enhancing our understanding of the interactions between terrestrial plants and airborne pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yihua Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ruilong Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Institute of Green and Low Carbon Technology, Guangxi Institute of Industrial Technology, Nanning 530004, China
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25
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Xu L, He P, Duan Y, Yu Z, Yang F. Synergy of different leaf traits determines the particulate matter retention capacity and its susceptibility to rain wash-off. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167365. [PMID: 37769719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall plays a crucial role in the removal of particulate matter (PM) from plant leaves, influencing PM retention and the environmental behaviour of harmful substances that accumulate in PM. This study examined the PM retention capacity, particle size distributions, and wash-off rates of leaf surface PM from three common green tree species in northern China during two natural rainfall events (light rain: 8.3 mm; heavy rain: 54.2 mm), to investigate the relationship between the leaf traits, PM retention capacity, and PM wash-off process. Our results found that leaf morphometric characteristics, such as leaf size, length, width, and aspect ratio (length-to-width), had a negative and significant correlations with the PM retention capacity, but had no significant correlation with the leaf surface PM wash-off rate. Smaller leaves with low aspect ratios exhibited greater stability under external disturbances than large leaves with high aspect ratios, resulting in a higher PM retention capacity and lower wash-off rate. Ridges and grooves enhanced the PM retention capacity by increasing the leaf roughness. Rainfall could wash off all particle size ranges of leaf surface PM without altering their mechanical composition. Larger particles were more easily washed off. Euonymus japonicus, with its small leaf size and low aspect ratio, exhibited the highest PM retention capacity. Its curled leaf shape also hindered light rain from washing off leaf surface PM. Forsythia suspensa, with denser grooves and ridges compared with Prunus serrulata, exhibited a rougher leaf surface and higher PM retention capacity. However, this roughness may reduce wettability, making it easier for runoff to form on the leaf surface and dislodge leaf surface PM, resulting in F. suspensa having the highest wash-off rate. Our results highlight the synergy of different leaf traits on PM retention capacity and the PM stability after rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuai Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Peng He
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yonghong Duan
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zhitong Yu
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Taklimakan National Station of Observation and Research for Desert Meteorology in Xinjiang/Key Laboratory of Desert Meteorology and Sandstorm, Xinjiang Uygru Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830002, China
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26
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Yan Q, Xu L, Duan Y, Pan L, Wu Z, Chen X. Influence of leaf morphological characteristics on the dynamic changes of particulate matter retention and grain size distributions. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:108-119. [PMID: 35815364 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTPlant leaves can retain atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and thus alleviate air pollution. Herein, four plant species (Cerasus. serrulata, H. syriacus, H. tuberosus, and E. japonicus) from the central part of Shanxi Province, China, were investigated to analyse the dynamic changes in their PM retention capacity and grain size over five periods. The relationship between leaf morphological characteristics (leaf size and leaf surface microstructure) and dynamic changes were discussed in PM retention, revealing the influence of leaf morphological characteristics on the amount of PM retention and its composition. The results showed that amount and grain sizes of the retained PM differed significantly among the various studied species; however, the trends in PM retention of different species in the time series were the same. The grain size distributions of PM from the four species displayed a bimodal distribution, in which the main peak distribution range was 5-60 μm and the secondary peak distribution range was 0.4-1 μm. Leaves of smaller sizes and those with rough surfaces had a high PM retention capacity. Leaves with deep grooves are conductive to retaining PM2.5 and PM2.5-10, while leaves with hair are conductive to retaining PM>10. Therefore, the morphological characteristics of leaves should be considered when selecting the use of plant species to alleviate air pollution.Highlights Dynamics of PM retention capacity and grain size distributions of four plant species were analysed.Grain size distributions of PM retained on leaves had a bimodal distribution.Small leaves with grooves or hair are conductive to PM retention.Grooves are conductive to fine PM retention while hairs are conductive to coarse PM retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishuai Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Duan
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichao Pan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, People's Republic of China
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27
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Koch K, Wuyts K, Denys S, Samson R. The influence of plant species, leaf morphology, height and season on PM capture efficiency in living wall systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167808. [PMID: 37838055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Green infrastructure (GI) is already known to be a suitable way to enhance air quality in urban environments. Living wall systems (LWS) can be implemented in locations where other forms of GI, such as trees or hedges, are not suitable. However, much debate remains about the variables that influence their particulate matter (PM) accumulation efficiency. This study attempts to clarify which plant species are relatively the most efficient in capturing PM and which traits are decisive when it comes to the implementation of a LWS. We investigated 11 plant species commonly used on living walls, located close to train tracks and roads. PM accumulation on leaves was quantified by magnetic analysis (Saturation Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (SIRM)). Several leaf morphological variables that could potentially influence PM capture were assessed, as well as the Wall Leaf Area Index. A wide range in SIRM values (2.74-417 μA) was found between all species. Differences in SIRM could be attributed to one of the morphological parameters, namely SLA (specific leaf area). This suggest that by just assessing SLA, one can estimate the PM capture efficiency of a plant species, which is extremely interesting for urban greeners. Regarding temporal variation, some species accumulated PM over the growing season, while others actually decreased in PM levels. This decrease can be attributed to rapid leaf expansion and variations in meteorology. Correct assessment of leaf age is important here; we suggest individual labeling of leaves for further studies. Highest SIRM values were found close to ground level. This suggests that, when traffic is the main pollution source, it is most effective when LWS are applied at ground level. We conclude that LWS can act as local sinks for PM, provided that species are selected correctly and systems are applied according to the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Koch
- Research group ENdEMIC, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan, 171 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Karen Wuyts
- Research group ENdEMIC, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan, 171 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Siegfried Denys
- Research group DuEL, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan, 171 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roeland Samson
- Research group ENdEMIC, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan, 171 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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28
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Mikhailova TA, Shergina OV. Diversity and negative effect of PM 0.3-10.0 adsorbed by needles of urban trees in Irkutsk, Russia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119243-119259. [PMID: 37924402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was performed in natural forests preserved within the Boreal zone city, Irkutsk, Russia. Test sites were selected in the forests in different districts of the city, where samples of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) needles were taken to study the adsorption on their surface of aerosol particles of different sizes, in microns: PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10. Scanning electron microscopy was used to obtain high-resolution photographs (magnification 800- × 2000, × 16,000) and aerosol particles (particulate matter-PM) were shown to be intensively adsorbed by the surface of needles, with both size and shape of the particles characterized by a wide variety. Pine needles can be covered with particles of solid aerosol by 50-75%, stomata are often completely blocked. Larch needles often show areas, which are completely covered with aerosol particles, there are often found stomata deformed by the penetration of PMx. X-ray spectral microanalysis showed differences in the chemical composition of adsorbed PMx, the particles can be metallic if metals predominate in their composition, carbonaceous-in case of carbon predominance-or polyelemental if the composition is complex and includes significant quantities of other elements besides metals and carbon (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulfur, chlorine, fluorine). Since the particles contain a large proportion of technogenic pollutants, accumulation by the needles of some widespread pollutants was investigated. A direct correlation of a highly significant level between the concentration of PMx in the air and the accumulation of many heavy metals in pine and larch needles, as well as sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine, has been revealed, which indicates a high cleaning capacity of urban forests. At the same time, the negative impact of PMx particles on the vital status of trees is great, which shows in intense disturbance of the parameters of photosynthesis and transpiration, leading to a significant decrease in the growth characteristics of trees and reduction in the photosynthetic volume of the crowns. We consider that the results obtained are instrumental in developing an approach to improvement of urban forests status and creating a comfortable urban environment for the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Alekseevna Mikhailova
- Department of Ecology, TheNaturalandAnthropogenicEcosystemsLaboratory, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontova Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Olga Vladimirovna Shergina
- Department of Ecology, TheNaturalandAnthropogenicEcosystemsLaboratory, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontova Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.
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Yao J, Wu S, Cao Y, Wei J, Tang X, Hu L, Wu J, Yang H, Yang J, Ji X. Dry deposition effect of urban green spaces on ambient particulate matter pollution in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165830. [PMID: 37506920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a major source of urban air pollution that poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. This study quantified the dry deposition effect of PM2.5 and PM10 on vegetation using a mathematical model to overcome the limitations of traditional site-scale research. Additionally, multi-source satellite remote sensing products were combined to form a raster dataset to estimate the effect of dry deposition on PM2.5 and PM10 in China's urban green spaces from 2000 to 2020. The spatial and temporal changes in the long-term series were analyzed, and the influence of environmental factors on dry deposition was analyzed in combination with wavelet changes. The experimental results showed that: 1) from 2000 to 2020, the dry deposition effect of PM2.5 and PM10 on vegetation showed an initial increasing and then decreasing trend caused by the sudden drop in atmospheric pollutant particle concentration driven by local policies; 2) broad-leaved forests provided the main dry deposition effects in urban spaces, accounting for 89.22 %, indicating a need to increase the density of these forest types in urban development planning to improve air quality; and 3) PM2.5, PM10, and environmental impact factors have time-frequency scale coherences, and the coherence between PM2.5 reduction and these factors is more complex than that of PM10, with precipitation being the best variable to explain the change in PM2.5 and PM10. These findings are important for the prevention and control of urban air pollution, regional planning of green spaces, and sustainable development of cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yao
- Academy of Eco-civilization Development for JING-JIN-JI Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shuqi Wu
- School of Resource, Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yongqiang Cao
- Academy of Eco-civilization Development for JING-JIN-JI Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xinming Tang
- Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center (LASAC), Ministry of Natural Resources of P.R. China, Beijinge 100048, China
| | - Liuru Hu
- Dpto. de Ingeniería Civil, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Academy of Eco-civilization Development for JING-JIN-JI Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Huicai Yang
- Academy of Eco-civilization Development for JING-JIN-JI Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Academy of Eco-civilization Development for JING-JIN-JI Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xinhui Ji
- Academy of Eco-civilization Development for JING-JIN-JI Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Panda SS, Sahu C, Basti S, Sahu SK. Particle and heavy metal accumulation by two plant species in a coal mining area of Odisha, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:838-849. [PMID: 37849279 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2270613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities lead to severe particulate matter (PM) pollution that consequently has a detrimental effect on ecosystem. A study was therefore conducted in a coal mining area of Odisha, India with an objective to assess the particulate matter pollution on the basis of differential aerodynamic size (PM10 and PM2.5) of the particles, the metallic (Zn and Fe) composition, and also to evaluate their nature of deposition on two identified plant species. The results suggest a significant variation in particle and heavy metal fractions in the ambient air of different sites (p < 0.05). Fe dominated the finer particle (PM2.5) fraction while Zn dominated the coarser counterpart (PM10) in the ambient air. When evaluated for the particle and heavy metal deposition on leaf surface, Shorea robusta performed better in trapping the coarser particles (PM10) while Holarrhena floribunda was found to be an efficient scrubber of the finer particles (PM2.5). Fe deposition on surface of leaves was comparatively higher than Zn irrespective of plant species or size fractions. Therefore, it is concluded that both S. robusta and H. floribunda should be planted in a schematic manner to tackle the particulate pollution in coal mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandan Sahu
- P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India
- School of Biotechnology, Gangadhar Meher University, Sambalpur, India
| | - Sradhanjali Basti
- P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India
| | - Sanjat Kumar Sahu
- P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India
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Steinparzer M, Schaubmayr J, Godbold DL, Rewald B. Particulate matter accumulation by tree foliage is driven by leaf habit types, urbanization- and pollution levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122289. [PMID: 37532217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution poses a significant threat to human health. Greenery, particularly trees, can act as effective filters for PM, reducing associated health risks. Previous studies have indicated that tree traits play a crucial role in determining the amount of PM accumulated on leaves, although findings have often been site-specific. To comprehensively investigate the key factors influencing PM binding to leaves across diverse tree species and geographical locations, we conducted an extensive analysis using data extracted from 57 publications. The data covers 11 countries and 190 tree species from 1996 to 2021. We categorized tree species into functional groups: evergreen conifers, deciduous conifers, deciduous broadleaves, and evergreen broadleaves based on leaf habit and phylogeny. Evergreen conifers exhibited the highest PM accumulation on leaves, and in general, evergreen leaves accumulated more PM compared to deciduous leaves across all PM size classes. Specific leaf traits, such as epicuticular wax, played a significant role. The highest PM loads on leaves were observed in peri-urban areas along the rural-peri-urban-urban gradient. However, the availability of global data was skewed, with most data originating from urban and peri-urban areas, primarily from China and Poland. Among different climate zones, substantial data were only available for warm temperate and cold steppe climate zones. Understanding the problem of PM pollution and the role of greenery in urban environments is crucial for monitoring and controlling PM pollution. Our systematic review of the literature highlights the variation on PM loading among different vegetation types with varying leaf characteristics. Notably, epicuticular wax emerged as a marker trait that exhibited variability across PM size fractions and different vegetation types. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the importance of greenery in mitigation PM pollution. Our findings underscore the significance of tree traits in PM binding. However, lack of data stresses the need for further research and data collection initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Steinparzer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Schaubmayr
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas L Godbold
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Rewald
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Vienna Scientific Instruments GmbH, Alland, Austria.
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Hong J, Lee M, Huh W, Kim TK, Jeon J, Lee H, Kim K, Byeon S, Park C, Kim HS. Comparisons of PM 2.5 mitigation with stand characteristics between evergreen Korean pine plantations and deciduous broad-leaved forests in the Republic of Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122240. [PMID: 37482339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Owing to industrialization and urbanization in recent decades, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere has become a major environmental problem worldwide. This environmental issue pushed the use of forests as air filtering tools. However, there is a lack of continuous and long-term forest management to efficiently mitigate PM2.5. In this study, we assessed the potential of different forest types to control air pollution by measuring the seasonal PM2.5 concentrations inside and outside the forest for one year. In addition, the PM2.5 reduction efficiencies (PMREs) of two forest types were compared, and their relationship with stand characteristics was analyzed. The results showed that the average PMRE inside the forests was approximately 18.2%; the seasonal PMRE was highest in winter (approximately 28.1%) and lowest in summer (approximately 9.6%). The average PMRE of the Taehwa deciduous broad-leaved forest (TDF) (approximately 18.8%) was significantly higher than that of the Taehwa coniferous forest (TCF) (approximately 17.5%) (P < 0.001); differences were also observed seasonally. The PMRE in the TCF was higher in spring and summer (P < 0.001), while that in the TDF was higher in autumn and winter (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the PMRE in the TDF was negatively correlated with stand density (P = 0.003) and positively correlated with the average diameter at breast height (DBH) (P = 0.028). However, the PMRE in the TCF did not significantly correlate with stand characteristics. As such, the results of this study revealed the differences in PM2.5 mitigation according to stand characteristics, which should be considered in urban forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Hong
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Huh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Jeon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Byeon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanoh Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Yuan Y, Zhou P, Peng M, Zhu L, Li Y, Wang K, Wang Y, Tang Z, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Residential greenness mitigates mortality risk from short-term airborne particulate exposure: An individual-level case-crossover study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115451. [PMID: 37703807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggested that greenness could reduce death risks related to ambient exposure to particulate matter (PM), while the available evidence was mixed across the globe and substantially exiguous in low- and middle-income countries. By conceiving an individual-level case-crossover study in central China, this analysis primarily aimed to quantify PM-mortality associations and examined the modification effect of greenness on the relationship. METHODS We investigated a total of 177,058 nonaccidental death cases from 12 counties in central China, 2008-2012. Daily residential exposures to PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm), PMc (aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 µm), and PM10 (aerodynamic diameter <10 µm) were assessed at a 1 × 1-km resolution through satellite-derived machine-learning models. Residential surrounding greenness was assessed using satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at multiple buffer sizes (250, 500, and 1000 m). To quantify the acute mortality risks associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5, PMc, and PM10, a time-stratified case-crossover design was utilized in conjunction with a conditional logistic regression model in our main analyses. To investigate the effect modification of greenness on PM-mortality associations, we grouped death cases into low, medium, and high greenness levels using cutoffs of 25th and 75th percentiles of NDVI or EVI exposure, and examined potential effect heterogeneity in PM-related mortality risks among these groups. RESULTS Mean concentrations (standard deviation) on the day of death were 73.8 (33.4) μg/m3 for PM2.5, 43.9 (17.3) μg/m3 for PMc, and 117.5 (44.9) μg/m3 for PM10. Size-fractional PM exposures were consistently exhibited significant associations with elevated risks of nonaccidental and circulatory mortality. For every increase of 10-μg/m3 in PM exposure, percent excess risks of nonaccidental and circulatory mortality were 0.271 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.010, 0.533) and 0.487 (95% CI: 0.125, 0.851) for PM2.5 at lag-01 day, 0.731 (95% CI: 0.108, 1.359) and 1.140 (95% CI: 0.267, 2.019) for PMc at lag-02 day, and 0.271 (95% CI: 0.010, 0.533) and 0.386 (95% CI: 0.111, 0.662) for PM10 at lag-01 day, respectively. Compared to participants in the low-level greenness areas, those being exposed to higher greenness were found to be at lower PM-associated risks of nonaccidental and circulatory mortality. Consistent evidence for alleviated risks in medium or high greenness group was observed in subpopulations of female and younger groups (age <75). CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to particulate air pollution was associated with elevated risks of nonaccidental and circulatory death, and individuals residing in higher neighborhood greenness possessed lower risk of PM-related mortality. These findings emphasized the potential public health advantages through incorporating green spaces into urban design and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Peixuan Zhou
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Minjin Peng
- Department of Infection Control, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Lifeng Zhu
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yachen Li
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ziqing Tang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuqian Huang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Chen Y, Xu Y, Liang X, Yan W, Zhang R, Yan Y, Qin S. Foliar particulate matter retention and toxic trace element accumulation of six roadside plant species in a subtropical city. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12831. [PMID: 37553367 PMCID: PMC10409817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major source of air pollution, particulate matter (PM) and associated toxic trace elements pose potentially serious threats to human health and environmental safety. As is known that plants can reduce air PM pollution. However, the relationship between PM of different sizes and toxic trace elements in foliar PM is still unclear. This study was performed to explore the association between PM of different sizes (PM2.5, PM10, PM>10) and toxic trace elements (As, Al, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Pb) as well as the correlation among toxic trace elements of six roadside plant species (Cinnamomum camphora, Osmanthus fragrans, Magnolia grandiflora, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum and Pittosporum tobira) in Changsha, Hunan Province, China. Results showed that P. macrophyllus had the highest ability to retain PM, and C. camphora excelled in retaining PM2.5. The combination of P. macrophyllus and C. camphora was highly recommended to be planted in the subtropical city to effectively reduce PM. The toxic trace elements accumulated in foliar PM varied with plant species and PM size. Two-way ANOVA showed that most of the toxic trace elements were significantly influenced by plant species, PM size, and their interactions (P < 0.05). Additionally, linear regression and correlation analyses further demonstrated the homology of most toxic trace elements in foliar PM, i.e., confirming plants as predictors of PM sources as well as environmental monitoring. These findings contribute to urban air pollution control and landscape configuration optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yichen Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaocui Liang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Yueyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wende Yan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Yueyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shixin Qin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Raith M, Swoboda I. Birch pollen-The unpleasant herald of spring. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1181675. [PMID: 37255542 PMCID: PMC10225653 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1181675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I respiratory allergies to birch pollen and pollen from related trees of the order Fagales are increasing in industrialized countries, especially in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere, but the reasons for this increase are still debated and seem to be multifaceted. While the most important allergenic molecules of birch pollen have been identified and characterized, the contribution of other pollen components, such as lipids, non-allergenic immunomodulatory proteins, or the pollen microbiome, to the development of allergic reactions are sparsely known. Furthermore, what also needs to be considered is that pollen is exposed to external influences which can alter its allergenicity. These external influences include environmental factors such as gaseous pollutants like ozone or nitrogen oxides or particulate air pollutants, but also meteorological events like changes in temperature, humidity, or precipitation. In this review, we look at the birch pollen from different angles and summarize current knowledge on internal and external influences that have an impact on the allergenicity of birch pollen and its interactions with the epithelial barrier. We focus on epithelial cells since these cells are the first line of defense in respiratory disease and are increasingly considered to be a regulatory tissue for the protection against the development of respiratory allergies.
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Ohta A, Takahashi K, Sase H, Murao N, Takada K, Yamaguchi M, Murakami H, Nakaba S, Watanabe M, Mizukawa K, Takada H, Izuta T. Relationship between the amount of black carbon particles deposited on the leaf surface and leaf surface traits in nine urban greening tree species. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37148212 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2204148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To select urban greening tree species suitable for the purification of the atmosphere polluted by black carbon (BC) particles, it is necessary to clarify the determinants of the amount of BC particles deposited on the tree leaves. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the amount of BC particles that were deposited from the atmosphere and firmly adhered to the leaf epicuticular wax, and leaf surface traits in seedlings of nine tree species grown for two years under natural conditions (Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan). There was a significant interspecific difference in the maximum amount of BC particles deposited on the leaf surface, and the order was as follows: Ilex rotunda > Cornus florida > Osmanthus fragrans > Cornus kousa > Quercus glauca ≒ Quercus myrsinifolia > Magnolia kobus ≒ Zelkova serrata ≒ Styrax japonicus. In the nine tree species, significant highly positive correlations were observed between the amount of BC particles deposited on the leaf surface, and the hydrophobicity of leaf epicuticular wax determined by its chemical composition. Therefore, we concluded that the hydrophobicity of leaf epicuticular wax is an important determinant of the amount of BC particles deposited on the leaf surface of urban greening tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Ohta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sase
- Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Murao
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Takada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Murakami
- Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakaba
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Mizukawa
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideshige Takada
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim J, Kim J, Kim Y, Go T, Lee SJ. Accelerated settling velocity of airborne particulate matter on hairy plant leaves. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117313. [PMID: 36716541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation has emerged as an ecofriendly technique to reduce hazardous particulate matter (PM) in the air. Although previous studies have conducted statistical analyses to reveal PM removal capabilities of various plant species according to their leaf characteristics, the underlying physical mechanism of PM adsorption of plants remains unclear. Conventional methodologies for measuring PM accumulation usually require long-term field tests and provide limited understanding on PM removal effects of individual leaf traits of various plants. In this study, we propose a novel methodology which can compare the electrostatic interactions between PMs and plant leaves according to their trichome structures by using digital in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM). Surface characteristics of Perilla frutescens and Capsicum annuum leaves are measured to examine electrostatic effects according to the morphological features of trichomes. 3D settling motions of PMs near the microstructures of trichomes of the two plant species are compared in detail. To validate the PM removal effect of the hairy microstructures, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replica model of a P. frutescens leaf is fabricated to demonstrate accelerated settling velocities of PMs near trichome-like microstructures. The size and electric charge distributions of PMs with irregular shapes are analyzed using DIHM. Numerical simulation of the PM deposition near a trichome-like structure is conducted to verify the empirical results. As a result, the settling velocities of PMs on P. frutescens leaves and a PDMS replica sample are 12.11 ± 1.88% and 34.06 ± 4.19% faster than those on C. annuum leaves and a flat PDMS sample, respectively. These findings indicate that the curved microstructures of hairy trichomes of plant leaves increase the ability to capture PMs by enhancing the electric field intensity just near trichomes. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed methodology can quantitatively evaluate the settling velocity of PMs on various plant leaves according to the morphological structure and density of trichomes within a short period of time. The present research findings would be widely utilized in the selection of suitable air-purifying plants for sustainable removal of harmful air pollutants in urban and indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongju Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesik Go
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Lyu J, Chen D, Zhang X, Yan J, Shen G, Yin S. Coagulation effect of atmospheric submicron particles on plant leaves: Key functional characteristics and a comparison with dry deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161582. [PMID: 36640873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Submicron particles have become a new focus in research on air pollution control. The abilities of urban tree species to retain particles can be used to alleviate urban haze pollution. However, research has focused mostly on plants and environmental conditions rather than on particle itself. Particle migration and transformation at the leaf-air interface are the key to dust retention. Submicron particles coagulate when they are retained by leaves. In this study, NaCl was used to simulate submicron particles. The average sizes of the particles on the leaves of 10 greening tree species in Shanghai in different seasons were measured using the sweep-resuspension method to characterize the coagulation effect. Thereafter, the effects of leaf characteristics were investigated and analyzed in relation to dry deposition velocity. The results indicated that the particles on the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, Osmanthus fragrans, Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. "Kaizuca," Cinnamomum camphora, and Metasequoia glyptostroboides were large. The seasonal variability of the sizes of the particles on the leaves of different tree species varied. The average particle size was positively correlated with wax content and negatively correlated with single leaf area; however, the other factors correlated with particle size varied by season. For example, in April, the average particle size was positively correlated with tensile strength, wind resistance, adaxial epidermal roughness, and water potential, whereas the effects of stomatal conductance were more complex. Non-significant correlation was identified between coagulation and dry deposition although both were positively correlated with roughness and wax content. This study explored the effects of leaf characteristics on coagulation. The results may serve as a theoretical foundation for explaining the microscopic process underlying dust retention in plants and may provide a clearer scientific basis for the prevention and control of submicron particle pollution and the selection of urban greening tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Lyu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dele Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuyi Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingli Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guangrong Shen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
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Mandal M, Popek R, Przybysz A, Roy A, Das S, Sarkar A. Breathing Fresh Air in the City: Implementing Avenue Trees as a Sustainable Solution to Reduce Particulate Pollution in Urban Agglomerations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1545. [PMID: 37050171 PMCID: PMC10097214 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The issue of air pollution from particulate matter (PM) is getting worse as more and more people move into urban areas around the globe. Due to the complexity and diversity of pollution sources, it has long been hard to rely on source control techniques to manage this issue. Due to the fact that urban trees may provide a variety of ecosystem services, there is an urgent need to investigate alternative strategies for dramatically improving air quality. PM has always been a significant concern due to its adverse effects on humans and the entire ecosystem. The severity of this issue has risen in the current global environmental context. Numerous studies on respiratory and other human disorders have revealed a statistical relationship between human exposure to outdoor levels of particles or dust and harmful health effects. These risks are undeniably close to industrial areas where these airborne, inhalable particles are produced. The combined and individual effects of the particle and gaseous contaminants on plants' general physiology can be detrimental. According to research, plant leaves, the primary receptors of PM pollution, can function as biological filters to remove significant amounts of particles from the atmosphere of urban areas. This study showed that vegetation could provide a promising green infrastructure (GI) for better air quality through the canopy and leaf-level processes, going beyond its traditional role as a passive target and sink for air pollutants. Opportunities exist for urban GI as a natural remedy for urban pollution caused by PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamun Mandal
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Robert Popek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Przybysz
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anamika Roy
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujit Das
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
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40
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Skaldina O, Łukowski A, Leskinen JTT, Koistinen AP, Eeva T. Mobile samplers of particulate matter - Flying omnivorous insects in detection of industrial contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161511. [PMID: 36632898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flying insects are potential mobile samplers of airborne particulate matter (PM). However, current knowledge on their susceptibility to PM is limited to pollinators. Insects' capacity for particle surface accumulation depends on the lifestyle, structure of the body integuments, and behavioral patterns. Here, we investigate how two species of flying omnivorous insects from the genus Vespula, possessing direct interactions with air, soil, plants, and herbivores, indicate industrial pollution by accumulating coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) particles on their bodies. The internal accumulation of particles in wasps' gut tissues is assessed considering heavy metals exposure to reveal and discuss the potential magnitude of ecotoxicological risks. Female individuals of Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica were sampled with a hand-netting near to Harjavalta Cu-Ni smelter and in the control areas in southwestern Finland. They were analyzed with light microscopy (LM), electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) methods. Near to the smelter, wasps trapped significantly more particles, which were of bigger size and their surface optical density was higher. Vespula vulgaris accumulated larger particles than V. germanica, but that wasn't associated with morphological characteristics such as body size or hairiness. In both areas, accumulated surface PM carried clays and silicates. Only in polluted environments PM consistently contained metallic and nonmetallic particles (from high to moderate weight %) of Fe, Ni, Cu, and S - major pollutants emitted from the smelter. Wasps from industrially polluted areas carried significantly more granules in the columnar epithelial midgut cells. TEM-EDX analyses identified those structures were associated with metal ions such as Cr, Cu, Ni, and Fe. As epithelial gut cells accumulated metal particles, midgut confirmed as a barrier for metal exposure in wasps. External PM contamination in wasps is suggested as a qualitative, yet a natural and simple descriptor of local industrial emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Skaldina
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Adrian Łukowski
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71E, 60-625 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jari T T Leskinen
- SIB Labs Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Arto P Koistinen
- SIB Labs Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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Kumar R, Verma V, Thakur M, Singh G, Bhargava B. A systematic review on mitigation of common indoor air pollutants using plant-based methods: a phytoremediation approach. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:1-27. [PMID: 37359395 PMCID: PMC10005924 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-023-01326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, especially indoor air pollution, has become a global issue and affects nearly all domains of life. Being both natural and anthropogenic substances, indoor air pollutants lead to the deterioration of the ecosystem and have a negative impact on human health. Cost-effective plant-based approaches can help to improve indoor air quality (IAQ), regulate temperature, and protect humans from potential health risks. Thus, in this review, we have highlighted the common indoor air pollutants and their mitigation through plant-based approaches. Potted plants, green walls, and their combination with bio-filtration are such emerging approaches that can efficiently purify the indoor air. Moreover, we have discussed the pathways or mechanisms of phytoremediation, which involve the aerial parts of the plants (phyllosphere), growth media, and roots along with their associated microorganisms (rhizosphere). In conclusion, plants and their associated microbial communities can be key solutions for reducing indoor air pollution. However, there is a dire need to explore advanced omics technologies to get in-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms associated with plant-based reduction of indoor air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghawendra Kumar
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No 6, Palampur, 176 061 (HP) India
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No 6, Palampur, 176 061 (HP) India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No 6, Palampur, 176 061 (HP) India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No 6, Palampur, 176 061 (HP) India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No 6, Palampur, 176 061 (HP) India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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42
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Açar M. Effect of auto-exhaust pollution on leaf anatomy and micromorphology of Pistacia vera L. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:271-282. [PMID: 36463572 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
One of the important causes of air pollution is automobile emissions Automobile exhausts can be toxic and harmful to plants. In light of this, this study aimed to examine the anatomical and micromorphological effects of auto exhaust pollution on Pistacia vera L. (Pistachio), an important agricultural plant. Pistachio leaflet samples taken from heavy traffic areas and rural areas were compared anatomically and micromorphologically. Also, the data were statistically evaluated. As a result of the study, it was seen that there are anatomical and micromorphological differences between the plant in the rural area and the plant in the heavy traffic area in the city center where air pollution and the number of cars are high. In particular, significant differences were detected in the epidermis surface and cuticle structure, trichome cover, stomatal characteristics, as well as mesophyll width, and epidermis anticlinal outer wall width. As a result, the study revealed that the agriculturally important P. vera is affected by pollution anatomically and micromorphologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikail Açar
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Tunceli Vocational School of Higher Education, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
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43
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Zhao K, Liu D, Chen Y, Feng J, He D, Huang C, Wang Z. Trait-mediated leaf retention of atmospheric particulate matter in fourteen tree species in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:33609-33623. [PMID: 36484939 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Particulate air pollution is a serious threat to human health, especially in urban areas, and trees can act as biological filters and improve air quality. However, studies on greening tree species selection are rare. We measured three particular matter adsorption metrics (PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM>10 captured per leaf area) and six functional traits for each of fourteen species and estimated their minimum light requirements based on field surveys. We found that shade-tolerant species captured more coarse particles (PM2.5-10) than light-demanding species. For traits, a strong negative correlation was found between photosynthetic capacity and adsorption capacity for all three PM size fractions, indicating that in comparison to acquisitive species, conservative species captured larger amounts of particles. Moreover, denser wood species and smaller leaves were more efficient in capturing large particles (PM>10), while species with "expensive" leaves (high leaf N or P) were more efficient in capturing fine particles (PM2.5), indicating that capturing large and fine particles was related to mechanical stability traits and leaf surface traits, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the metabolism (e.g., photosynthetic capacity) and chemistry (e.g., leaf N and leaf P) of leaves help explain species capacity to capture PM. We encourage future studies to investigate the ecosystem functions and stress tolerance of tree species with the same framework and trait-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Zhao
- School of Architecture, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Architecture, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yongfa Chen
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Dong He
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- School of Architecture, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Architecture, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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Guidi Nissim W, Castiglione S, Guarino F, Pastore MC, Labra M. Beyond Cleansing: Ecosystem Services Related to Phytoremediation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1031. [PMID: 36903892 PMCID: PMC10005053 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytotechnologies used for cleaning up urban and suburban polluted soils (i.e., brownfields) have shown some weakness in the excessive extent of the timeframe required for them to be effectively operating. This bottleneck is due to technical constraints, mainly related to both the nature of the pollutant itself (e.g., low bio-availability, high recalcitrance, etc.) and the plant (e.g., low pollution tolerance, low pollutant uptake rates, etc.). Despite the great efforts made in the last few decades to overcome these limitations, the technology is in many cases barely competitive compared with conventional remediation techniques. Here, we propose a new outlook on phytoremediation, where the main goal of decontaminating should be re-evaluated, considering additional ecosystem services (ESs) related to the establishment of a new vegetation cover on the site. The aim of this review is to raise awareness and stress the knowledge gap on the importance of ES associated with this technique, which can make phytoremediation a valuable tool to boost an actual green transition process in planning urban green spaces, thereby offering improved resilience to global climate change and a higher quality of life in cities. This review highlights that the reclamation of urban brownfields through phytoremediation may provide several regulating (i.e., urban hydrology, heat mitigation, noise reduction, biodiversity, and CO2 sequestration), provisional (i.e., bioenergy and added-value chemicals), and cultural (i.e., aesthetic, social cohesion, and health) ESs. Although future research should specifically be addressed to better support these findings, acknowledging ES is crucial for an exhaustive evaluation of phytoremediation as a sustainable and resilient technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II n◦ 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Guarino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II n◦ 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pastore
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Via Bonardi 3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Stawoska I, Myszkowska D, Oliwa J, Skoczowski A, Wesełucha-Birczyńska A, Saja-Garbarz D, Ziemianin M. Air pollution in the places of Betula pendula growth and development changes the physicochemical properties and the main allergen content of its pollen. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279826. [PMID: 36696393 PMCID: PMC9876359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen allergy becomes an increasing problem for humans, especially in the regions, where the air pollution level increases due to the traffic and urbanization. These factors may also affect the physiological activity of plants, causing changes in pollen allergenicity. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of air pollutants on the chemical composition of birch pollen and the secondary structures of the Bet v1 protein. The research was conducted in seven locations in Malopolska region, South of Poland of a different pollution level. We have found slight fluctuations in the values of parameters describing the photosynthetic light reactions, similar spectra of leaf reflectance and the negligible differences in the discrimination values of the δ13C carbon isotope were found. The obtained results show a minor effect of a degree of pollution on the physiological condition B. pendula specimen. On the other hand, mean Bet v1 concentration measured in pollen samples collected in Kraków was significantly higher than in less polluted places (p = .03886), while FT-Raman spectra showed the most distinct variations in the wavenumbers characteristic of proteins. Pollen collected at sites of the increased NOx and PM concentration, show the highest percentage values of potential aggregated forms and antiparallel β-sheets in the expense of α-helix, presenting a substantial impact on chemical compounds of pollen, Bet v1 concentration and on formation of the secondary structure of proteins, what can influence their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Stawoska
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Myszkowska
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Oliwa
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Diana Saja-Garbarz
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Ziemianin
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Park C, Yu J, Park BJ, Wang L, Lee YG. Imaging particulate matter exposed pine trees by vehicle exhaust experiment and hyperspectral analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:2260-2272. [PMID: 35930146 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed spectral variations of the particulate matter (PM hereafter)-exposed pine trees using a spectrometer and a hyperspectral imager to derive the most effective spectral indices to detect the pine needle exposure to PM emission. We found that the spectral variation in the near-infrared (NIR hereafter) bands systemically coincided with the variations in PM concentration, showing larger variations for the diesel group whereas larger dust particles showed spectral variations in both visible and NIR bands. It is because the PM adsorption on needles is the main source of NIR band variation, and the combination of visible and NIR spectra can detect PM absorption. Fourteen bands were selected to classify PM-exposed pine trees with an accuracy of 82% and a kappa coefficient of 0.61. Given that this index employed both visible and NIR bands, it would be able to detect PM adsorption. The findings can be transferred to real-world applications for monitoring air pollution in an urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhyeok Park
- Department of Astronomy, Space Science and Geology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jaehyung Yu
- Department of Geological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
| | - Bum-Jin Park
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Geography & Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Yun Gon Lee
- Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Astronomy, Space Science and Geology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
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Huang H, He Z, Li M, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Jin X, Chen J. Influence of exposure history on the particle retention capacity and physiological responses of Euonymus japonicus Thunb. var. aurea-marginatus Hort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120593. [PMID: 36336181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Green plants in urban environments experience cyclical particulate matter stress. And this history of exhaust exposure may generate stress memory in plants, which may alter their subsequent response. Studies combining urban pollution characteristics and stress memory are limited. Therefore, we selected E. japonicus var. aurea-marginatus, a common urban greening tree species in the Yangtze River Delta, and conducted an experiment in three periods: the initial pollution period (S1: 28 days), the recovery period (R: 14 days) and the secondary pollution period (S2: 28 days). The experimental design consisted of an elevated pollution treatment (173 μg•cm-3) and an ambient control (34 μg•cm-3) with three replicates. In S2, the net total particle retention and saturated particle retention decreased by 11.5% and 19.3%, respectively, while PM10 and PM2.5 did not change significantly. E. japonicus var. aurea-marginatus exhibited recovery of chlorophyll levels, slower degradation of carotenoid, faster accumulation of ASA, lower accumulation of MDA, reduced activity of SOD under the second pollution period, and the period had a significant effect on the physiological indicators. Collectively, the effect of autoexhaust exposure history on the particle retention capacity of selected plant varied across particle sizes, and stress memory may confer plant resistance to recurrent exhaust pollution via combined regulations of physiological responses. Fine particles which pose a great risk to human health arise predominantly from vehicular traffic and energy production. So, E. japonicus tends to play a stabilising role in particle retention in industrial, traffic and residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Zhengxuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Xinjie Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
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Pang L, Huang Z, Yang H, Pang R, Wu M, Jin B. A scalable field study using leaves as a novel passive air sampler to evaluate the potential source of organophosphate esters in street dust. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137248. [PMID: 36400197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers in industrial and commercial products. It is generally believed that OPEs in street dust mainly originate from road traffic and anthropogenic activities. The influence of atmospheric deposition is still unknown. In this study, leaves were employed as a novel passive air sampler to collect particle matters (PM) in 12 cities in the central province of Henan, China. Similar compositional profiles of OPEs were found in street dust and PM samples. The concentrations of individual OPEs in PM were 1-4 times higher than in street dust. Chlorinated OPEs concentration in PM shows a moderate correlation (r2 = 0.538, p < 0.01) with that in street dust. The concentration of alkyl OPEs in PM has a high correlation (r2 = 0.843, p < 0.01) with that in street dust. No significant correlation (r2 = 0.133, p = 0.132) was found on the aryl OPEs concentrations between street dust and PM. Spearman correlation reveals that the emission sources of tricresyl phosphate (TCrP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP) may be different from other OPEs in dust and PM samples. Principle component analysis (PCA) provides an appropriate explanation that tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tris (chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), tributyl phosphate (TnBP), and TEP in street dust and PM may be emitted from the same sources, suggesting that PM has a significant influence on the occurrence of OPEs in street dust. The estimated dry deposition fluxes of particle-bound OPEs show a significant correlation (R2 = 0.969, p < 0.01) with OPEs concentrations in street dust, revealing that the input of atmospheric deposition could be a major source of OPEs in street dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Ziling Huang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huiqiang Yang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Rong Pang
- Department of Medicine, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Mingkai Wu
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Baodan Jin
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Yang H, Liao J, Wang J, Yang C, Jiao K, Wang X, Huang Z, Ma X, Liu X, Liao J, Ma L. PM 2.5-Associated Hospitalization Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Wuhan: Cases Alleviated by Residential Greenness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:746. [PMID: 36613068 PMCID: PMC9819994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5, a type of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm, is associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), while greenness seems to be associated with better cardiovascular health. We identified 499,336 CVD cases in Wuhan's 74 municipal hospitals between 2017 and 2019. A high-resolution PM2.5 model and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) map were established to estimate individual exposures. The time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression models were applied to explore the associations between PM2.5 and CVDs under different levels of environmental factors. Greenness could alleviate PM2.5-induced hospitalization risks of cardiovascular diseases. Compared with patients in the low-greenness group (ER = 0.99%; 95% CI: 0.71%, 1.28%), patients in the high-greenness group (ER = 0.45%; 95% CI: 0.13%, 0.77%) showed a lower increase in total CVD hospitalizations. After dividing the greenness into quartiles and adding long-term PM2.5 exposure as a control factor, no significant PM2.5-associated hospitalization risks of CVD were identified in the greenest areas (quartile 4), whether the long-term PM2.5 exposure level was high or low. Intriguingly, in the least green areas (quartile 1), the PM2.5-induced excess risk of CVD hospitalization was 0.58% (95% CI: 0.04%, 1.11%) in the long-term high-level PM2.5 exposure group, and increased to 1.61% (95% CI: 0.95%, 2.27%) in the long-term low-level PM2.5 exposure group. In the subgroup analysis, males and participants aged 55-64 years showed more significant increases in the PM2.5-induced risk of contracting CVDs with a reduction in greenness and fine particle exposure conditions. High residential greenness can greatly alleviate the PM2.5-induced risk of cardiovascular admission. Living in the areas with long-term low-level PM2.5 may make people more sensitive to short-term increases in PM2.5, leading to CVD hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianpeng Liao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kuizhuang Jiao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaodie Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zenghui Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuxi Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- Wuhan Information Center of Health and Family Planning, Wuhan 430021, China
| | - Jingling Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Giráldez P, Aboal JR, Fernández JÁ, Di Guardo A, Terzaghi E. Plant-air partition coefficients for thirteen urban conifer tree species: Estimating the best gas and particulate matter associated PAH removers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120409. [PMID: 36228854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important class of pollutants which mostly come out from incomplete combustion of organic materials including fossil fuels. For this reason, they are often found at high concentrations in cities, contaminating air with their gas and particle phase. While European Union policies try to reduce their concentrations, huge efforts are still devoted to mitigate the pollution by PAHs. One such measure of mitigation is the use of plants in capturing PAHs and other chemicals due to the ability of leaves in filtering both gas and particle fractions. In this work thirteen conifer species among those frequently living in temperate and Mediterranean cities were selected and concentrations of 16 PAHs were measured in needles. The data for spruce were used to back-calculate air concentrations of PAHs which were later used to obtain specific equations of plant-air partition coefficient (KPA). The results showed that the difference in total PAH uptake between the most (Pinus pinaster) and the least (Picea abies) efficient tree was close to an order of magnitude. Looking to the capability of the different species in enriching the particulate matter (PM) associated fraction of PAHs on their needles, Pinus pinaster was instead the least important (3.4% of total PAHs), while Cupressus lusitanica was the most important (34% of total PAHs). The new KPA equations can be used to fine tune the PAH uptake of a specific amount of plant biomass on air concentration reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Giráldez
- CRETUS, Ecology Area, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús R Aboal
- CRETUS, Ecology Area, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Ángel Fernández
- CRETUS, Ecology Area, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 21100, Como, Italy
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 21100, Como, Italy.
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