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Odongo S, Ssebugere P, Spencer PS, Palmer VS, Angues RV, Mwaka AD, Wasswa J. Organochlorine pesticides and their markers of exposure in serum and urine of children from a nodding syndrome hotspot in northern Uganda, east Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143191. [PMID: 39214405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Nodding syndrome (NS) is a neurologic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by vertical head nodding that has affected children aged 5-18 years in East Africa. Previous studies have examined relationships with biological agents (e.g., nematodes, measles, and fungi), but there is limited data on the possible contributions of neurotoxic environmental chemicals frequently used as pesticides/insecticides to the development and progression of this disorder. We examined the levels of persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in children (5-18 years old) from Kitgum District, Northern Uganda. These children previously lived in internally displaced people's (IDP) camps, where they were exposed to various health risks, including contaminated food and water. Exposure to OCPs through contaminated food and water is postulated here as a potential contributor to NS etiology. We analyzed serum (n = 75) and urine (n = 150) samples from children diagnosed with NS, and from seizure-free household controls (HC), and community controls (CC). Samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and extracts were analyzed for OCPs using gas chromatography with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Mean levels of total (∑) ∑OCPs in serum samples from NS, HC and CC subjects were 23.3 ± 2.82, 21.1 ± 3.40 and 20.9 ± 4.24 ng/mL, respectively, while in urine samples were 1.86 ± 1.03, 2.83 ± 1.42, and 2.14 ± 0.94 ng/mL, respectively. Correlation and linear regression analysis indicated that potential markers for ∑hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), ∑chlordane compounds (CHLs), ∑endosulfan and ∑dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were γ-HCH, heptachlor-exo-epoxide, endosulfan-α and p,p'-DDD in NS cases while in controls were α -HCH, heptachlor, endosulfan-α and p,p'-DDE, respectively. Since, in some instances, higher OCP levels were found in controls vs. NS cases, we conclude that exposure to organochlorine pesticides is unlikely to be associated with the etiology of NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silver Odongo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Valerie S Palmer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Raquel Valdes Angues
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Amos Deogratius Mwaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Wasswa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
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Birolli WG, Lanças FM, dos Santos Neto ÁJ, Silveira HCS. Determination of pesticide residues in urine by chromatography-mass spectrometry: methods and applications. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1336014. [PMID: 38932775 PMCID: PMC11199415 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1336014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pollution has emerged as a significant threat to humanity, necessitating a thorough evaluation of its impacts. As a result, various methods for human biomonitoring have been proposed as vital tools for assessing, managing, and mitigating exposure risks. Among these methods, urine stands out as the most commonly analyzed biological sample and the primary matrix for biomonitoring studies. Objectives This review concentrates on exploring the literature concerning residual pesticide determination in urine, utilizing liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and its practical applications. Method The examination focused on methods developed since 2010. Additionally, applications reported between 2015 and 2022 were thoroughly reviewed, utilizing Web of Science as a primary resource. Synthesis Recent advancements in chromatography-mass spectrometry technology have significantly enhanced the development of multi-residue methods. These determinations are now capable of simultaneously detecting numerous pesticide residues from various chemical and use classes. Furthermore, these methods encompass analytes from a variety of environmental contaminants, offering a comprehensive approach to biomonitoring. These methodologies have been employed across diverse perspectives, including toxicological studies, assessing pesticide exposure in the general population, occupational exposure among farmers, pest control workers, horticulturists, and florists, as well as investigating consequences during pregnancy and childhood, neurodevelopmental impacts, and reproductive disorders. Future directions Such strategies were essential in examining the health risks associated with exposure to complex mixtures, including pesticides and other relevant compounds, thereby painting a broader and more accurate picture of human exposure. Moreover, the implementation of integrated strategies, involving international research initiatives and biomonitoring programs, is crucial to optimize resource utilization, enhancing efficiency in health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Garcia Birolli
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Chromatography Group, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Chromatography Group, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Musatadi M, Alvarez-Mora I, Baciero-Hernandez I, Prieto A, Anakabe E, Olivares M, Etxebarria N, Zuloaga O. Sample preparation for suspect screening of persistent, mobile and toxic substances and their phase II metabolites in human urine by mixed-mode liquid chromatography. Talanta 2024; 271:125698. [PMID: 38262128 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Persistent, mobile and toxic substances have drawn attention nowadays due to their particular properties, but they are overlooked in human monitorization works, limiting the knowledge of the human exposome. In that sense, human urine is an interesting matrix since not only parent compounds are eliminated, but also their phase II metabolites that could act as biomarkers. In this work, 11 sample preparation procedures involving preconcentration were tested to ensure maximum analytical coverage in human urine using mixed-mode liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The optimized procedure consisted of a combination of solid-phase extraction and salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction and it was employed for suspect screening. Additionally, a non-discriminatory dilute-and-shoot approach was also evaluated. After evaluating the workflow in terms of limits of identification and type II errors (i.e., false negatives), a pooled urine sample was analysed. From a list of 1450 suspects and in-silico simulated 1568 phase II metabolites (i.e. sulphates, glucuronides, and glycines), 44 and 14 substances were annotated, respectively. Most of the screened suspects were diverse industrial chemicals, but biocides, natural products and pharmaceuticals were also detected. Lastly, the complementarity of the sample preparation procedures, columns, and analysis conditions was assessed. As a result, dilute-and-shoot and the Acclaim Trinity P1 column at pH = 3 (positive ionization) and pH = 7 (negative ionization) allowed the maximum coverage since almost 70 % of the total suspects could be screened using those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Musatadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Iker Alvarez-Mora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ines Baciero-Hernandez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eneritz Anakabe
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Fama F, Feltracco M, Moro G, Barbaro E, Bassanello M, Gambaro A, Zanardi C. Pesticides monitoring in biological fluids: Mapping the gaps in analytical strategies. Talanta 2023; 253:123969. [PMID: 36191513 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides play a key-role in the development of the agrifood sector allowing controlling pest growth and, thus, improving the production rates. Pesticides chemical stability is responsible of their persistency in environmental matrices leading to bioaccumulation in animal tissues and hazardous several effects on living organisms. The studies regarding long-term effects of pesticides exposure and their toxicity are still limited to few studies focusing on over-exposed populations, but no extensive dataset is currently available. Pesticides biomonitoring relies mainly on chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry, whose large-scale application is often limited by feasibility constraints (costs, time, etc.). On the contrary, chemical sensors allow rapid, in-situ screening. Several sensors were designed for the detection of pesticides in environmental matrices, but their application in biological fluids needs to be further explored. Aiming at contributing to the implementation of pesticides biomonitoring methods, we mapped the main gaps between screening and chromatographic methods. Our overview focuses on the recent advances (2016-2021) in analytical methods for the determination of commercial pesticides in human biological fluids and provides guidelines for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fama
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Giulia Moro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Bassanello
- Health Direction Monastier di Treviso Hospital, Via Giovanni XXIII 7, 31050, Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Zanardi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy; Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photosynthesis, Research National Council, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Vitale CM, Lommen A, Huber C, Wagner K, Garlito Molina B, Nijssen R, Price EJ, Blokland M, van Tricht F, Mol HGJ, Krauss M, Debrauwer L, Pardo O, Leon N, Klanova J, Antignac JP. Harmonized Quality Assurance/Quality Control Provisions for Nontargeted Measurement of Urinary Pesticide Biomarkers in the HBM4EU Multisite SPECIMEn Study. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7833-7843. [PMID: 35616234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A set of quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) criteria for nontargeted measurement of pesticide exposure markers in a large-scale study of human urine has been proposed and applied across five laboratories within the HBM4EU project. Quality control material, including reference standards and fortified pooled urine samples (QC urine) were prepared in a centralized way and distributed across participants to monitor analytical performance and consistency of the liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry data generated with a harmonized workflow. Signal intensities, mass accuracy, and retention times of selected QA/QC markers covering a broad range of physicochemical properties were monitored across QC solvent standards, QC urine samples, study urine samples, and procedural blanks, setting acceptance thresholds for repeatability and accuracy. Overall, results showed high repeatability of the collected data. The RSDs of the signal intensities were typically below 20-30% in QC and study samples, with good stability of the chromatographic separation (retention time drift within 2-4 s intrabatch and 5 s interbatch) and excellent mass accuracy (average error < 2 ppm). The use of the proposed criteria allowed for the identification of handling errors, instrumental issues, and potential batch effects. This is the first elaboration of harmonized QA/QC criteria applied across multiple laboratories to assess the quality of data generated by nontargeted analysis of human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjen Lommen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 WB, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin Huber
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Goethe University Frankfurt Biologicum, Campus Riedberg, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | | | - Borja Garlito Molina
- FISABIO (Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region), Valencia 46020, Spain
| | - Rosalie Nijssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 WB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Blokland
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 WB, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike van Tricht
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 WB, The Netherlands
| | - Hans G J Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 WB, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | | | - Olga Pardo
- FISABIO (Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region), Valencia 46020, Spain
| | - Nuria Leon
- FISABIO (Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region), Valencia 46020, Spain
| | - Jana Klanova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
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Su H, Huang MZ, Shiea J, Lee CW. Thermal desorption ambient ionization mass spectrometry for emergency toxicology. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21784. [PMID: 35603997 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the emergency department, it is important to rapidly identify the toxic substances that have led to acute poisoning because different toxicants or toxins cause poisoning through different mechanisms, requiring disparate therapeutic strategies and precautions against contraindicating actions, and diverse directions of clinical course monitoring and prediction of prognosis. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry, a state-of-the-art technology, has been proved to be a fast, accurate, and user-friendly tool for rapidly identifying toxicants like residual pesticides on fruits and vegetables. In view of this, developing an analytical platform that explores the application of such a cutting-edge technology in a novel direction has been initiated a research program, namely, the rapid identification of toxic substances which might have caused acute poisoning in patients who visit the emergency department and requires an accurate diagnosis for correct clinical decision-making to bring about corresponding data-guided management. This review includes (i) a narrative account of the breakthrough in emergency toxicology brought about by the advent of ambient ionization mass spectrometry and (ii) a thorough discussion about the clinical implications and technical limitations of such a promising innovation for promoting toxicological tests from tier two-level to tier one level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Zong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Lee
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Teymori Z, Sadeghi M, Fattahi N. Counter Current Salting-out Homogenous Liquid-liquid Extraction and Dispersion Liquid-liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of Floating Organic Drop Followed by High-performance Liquid Chromatography for the Isolation and Preconcentration of Pesticides from Fruit Samples. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:802-811. [PMID: 34904642 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are widely used to control pests and prevent diseases in crops, including cereals, vegetables, and fruits. Due to factors such as the persistence of pesticides, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity, the pesticide residues monitoring in foodstuffs is very important. OBJECTIVE In the current research, we proposed a novel approach to counter current salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction (CCSHLLE) combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) in pesticides from aqueous samples for the isolation and preconcentration, which were evaluated prior to analysis as real samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). METHODS In brief, sodium chloride was applied as a separation reagent, which is filled in a small glass column, through which a combination of an aqueous solution (here we could say as juice of fruit) and passing of acetonitrile. In this process, the droplets rose through the column and a separated layer would be formed on what has remained from aqueous phase. Following that, acetonitrile as the organic phase combined with 50.0 µL of extraction solvent. To further enrich the analytes, the mixture was injected into five milliliters of a 4% sodium chloride solution and placed in a tube for the DLLME-SFO. RESULTS Under optimal conditions, the dynamic linear range of 0.5-500 μg/L, extraction recovery of 65-85%, enrichment factors of 108-142, and limit of detection as 0.2-0.4 μg/L were obtained for the organophosphorus pesticides. In addition, the repeatability and reproducibility in the five replicate of the pesticides measurements (100 μg/L) are within the ranges of 3.5-5.1% and 4.5-6.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Menouni A, Duca RC, Berni I, Khouchoua M, Ghosh M, El Ghazi B, Zouine N, Lhilali I, Akroute D, Pauwels S, Creta M, Poels K, Hoet P, Vanoirbeeck J, Kestemont MP, Janssen P, Attwood TS, Godderis L, El Jaafari S. The Parental Pesticide and Offspring's Epigenome Study: Towards an Integrated Use of Human Biomonitoring of Exposure and Effect Biomarkers. TOXICS 2021; 9:332. [PMID: 34941766 PMCID: PMC8703387 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Morocco, due to the lack of education and the presence of a counterfeit market, pesticides constitute a major problem to be addressed by occupational and environmental health agencies. This paper aims to introduce the PaPOE (Parental Pesticides and Offspring Epigenome) prospective study and its goals, to motivate the study rationale and design, and to examine comprehensively whether multi-residue exposure to commonly used pesticides could induce epigenetic alterations through the oxidative stress pathway. The PaPOE project includes a cross-sectional study assessing the occupational exposure among 300 farmworkers in Meknes, and initiates a birth cohort of 1000 pregnant women. Data and biological samples are collected among farmworkers, and throughout pregnancy, and at birth. Oxidative stress biomarkers include Glutathione, Malondialdehyde, and 8-OHdG. Global and gene-specific DNA methylation is assessed. The study began enrollment in 2019 and is ongoing. As of 30 June 2021, 300 farmworkers and 125 pregnant women have enrolled. The results are expected to showcase the importance of biomonitoring for understanding individual risks, and to identify a number of regions where DNA methylation status is altered in the pesticides-exposed population, paving the way for an integrated biomonitoring system in Morocco and Africa to assess environmental exposures and their long-term health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Menouni
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (I.B.); (M.K.); (B.E.G.); (N.Z.); (I.L.); (D.A.); (S.E.J.)
- Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.C.D.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (K.P.); (P.H.); (J.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.C.D.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (K.P.); (P.H.); (J.V.); (L.G.)
- Unit of Environmental Hygiene and Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Imane Berni
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (I.B.); (M.K.); (B.E.G.); (N.Z.); (I.L.); (D.A.); (S.E.J.)
| | - Mohamed Khouchoua
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (I.B.); (M.K.); (B.E.G.); (N.Z.); (I.L.); (D.A.); (S.E.J.)
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.C.D.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (K.P.); (P.H.); (J.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Brahim El Ghazi
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (I.B.); (M.K.); (B.E.G.); (N.Z.); (I.L.); (D.A.); (S.E.J.)
| | - Noura Zouine
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (I.B.); (M.K.); (B.E.G.); (N.Z.); (I.L.); (D.A.); (S.E.J.)
| | - Ilham Lhilali
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (I.B.); (M.K.); (B.E.G.); (N.Z.); (I.L.); (D.A.); (S.E.J.)
| | - Dina Akroute
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (I.B.); (M.K.); (B.E.G.); (N.Z.); (I.L.); (D.A.); (S.E.J.)
| | - Sara Pauwels
- Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.C.D.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (K.P.); (P.H.); (J.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Matteo Creta
- Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.C.D.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (K.P.); (P.H.); (J.V.); (L.G.)
- Unit of Environmental Hygiene and Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Katrien Poels
- Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.C.D.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (K.P.); (P.H.); (J.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Peter Hoet
- Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.C.D.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (K.P.); (P.H.); (J.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeeck
- Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.C.D.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (K.P.); (P.H.); (J.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Marie-Paule Kestemont
- Louvain School of Management, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Paul Janssen
- Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, 3590 Hasselt, Belgium;
| | - Tara Sabo Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Lode Godderis
- Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.C.D.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (K.P.); (P.H.); (J.V.); (L.G.)
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Samir El Jaafari
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (I.B.); (M.K.); (B.E.G.); (N.Z.); (I.L.); (D.A.); (S.E.J.)
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Ringer Tablet-Based Micelle-Mediated Extraction-Solvent Back Extraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Preconcentration and Determination of Neonicotinoid Pesticides. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Mouskeftara T, Virgiliou C, Iakovakis A, Raikos N, Gika HG. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of nine insecticides and fungicides in human postmortem blood and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122824. [PMID: 34218092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide poisoning is a common occurrence due to their widespread use, easy access and high toxicity even in small concentrations. The most common poisoning fatalities have been observed due to exposure to organophosphates, carbamates and neonicotinoids, thus development of a method for the rapid determination of these compounds in blood and urine is of great importance for clinical and toxicology laboratories. A simple, fast and reliable method was developed for the determination of 9 pesticides in blood and urine using HPLC-MS/MS instrumentation. In order to find the most suitable sample pretreatment technique, three different sample preparation procedures: SPE, protein precipitation and QuEChERS were compared. The final optimized analytical method was fully validated with the values of parameters such as calibration linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability being acceptable. The method proved reliable, accurate, robust and sensitive and was successfully applied for the quantitation of pesticides in three postmortem cases of pesticides poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomai Mouskeftara
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Virgiliou
- Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
| | - Achilleas Iakovakis
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Raikos
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen G Gika
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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A proof‐of‐concept of parallel single‐drop microextraction for the rapid and sensitive biomonitoring of pesticides in urine. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1961-1968. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Gallo V, Tomai P, Gherardi M, Fanali C, De Gara L, D'Orazio G, Gentili A. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using a low transition temperature mixture and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of pesticides in urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:462036. [PMID: 33714770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biomonitoring is a potent tool to control the health risk of people occupationally and non-occupationally exposed. The latest trend in bioanalytical chemistry is to develop quick, cheap, easy, safe and reliable green analytical procedures to analyse a large number of chemicals in easily accessible biomatrices such as urine. In this paper, a new dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure, conceived to treat urine samples and based on the use of a low transition temperature mixture (LTTM), was developed and validated to analyse twenty pesticides commonly used in farm practises. The LTTM was composed of choline chloride and sesamol in molar ratio 1:3 (ChCl:Ses 1:3); its characterization via differential scanning calorimetry identified it as an LTTM and not as a deep eutectic solvent due to the occurrence of a glass transition at -71 °C. The prepared mixture was used as the extraction solvent in the DLLME procedure, while ethyl acetate as the dispersing solvent. The salting out effect (50 mg mL-1 of NaCl in a diluted urine sample) improved the separation phase and the analyte transfer to the extractant. Due to the high ionic strength and despite the density of ChCl:Ses 1:3 (1.25 g mL-1), the LTTM layer floated on the top of the sample solution after centrifugation. All extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. After optimization and validation of the whole method, lower limits of quantitation were in the range of 0.02 - 0.76 µg L-1. Extraction recoveries spanned from 50 to 101 % depending on the spike level and analytes. Precision and accuracy ranges were 3-18% and 5-20%, respectively. The extraction procedure was also compared with other methods, showing to be advantageous for rapidity, simplicity, efficiency, and low cost. Finally, urine samples from ten volunteers were effectively analysed using the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Tomai
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy
| | - Monica Gherardi
- INAIL- DiMEILA, Chemical Risk Laboratory, Monte Porzio Catone Research Center, Rome
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Orazio
- Institute for the Biological Systems, National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29,300 00015 Monterotondo (RM)
| | - Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy.
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13
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Khanehzar H, Faraji M, Nezhadali A, Yamini Y. Combining of modified QuEChERS and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction as an efficient sample preparation method for extraction of acetamiprid and imidacloprid from pistachio samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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González-Alzaga B, Romero-Molina D, López-Flores I, Giménez-Asensio MJ, Hernández AF, Lacasaña M. Urinary levels of organophosphate pesticides and predictors of exposure in pre-school and school children living in agricultural and urban communities from south Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109459. [PMID: 32335427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread use of organophosphate (OP) pesticides, information on predictors of children's exposure to such pesticides is scarce. OBJECTIVE To assess exposure to OP pesticides in children 3-11 year-old living in agricultural communities and urban areas from Andalusia (Southern Spain), and to identify the main determinants of exposure. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted in children 3-11-year-old children living in agricultural communities and urban areas from the provinces of Almeria, Granada and Huelva (Andalusia, Spain) between 2010 and 2011. Urinary levels of six dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites were measured by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS at the periods of low and high pesticide use in the agriculture (LPU and HPU, respectively). Information on sociodemographic characteristics, parental occupation, residential history, lifestyle and diet, among other relevant factors, was obtained from questionnaires administered to the mothers. RESULTS A total of 559 and 597 children participated in LPU and HPU periods, respectively. The proportion of urine samples below LOD was 67.4% for ΣDMs (sum of dimethyl metabolites), 77% for ΣDEs (sum of diethyl metabolites) and 58.5% for ΣDAPs (sum of total dialkylphosphate metabolites) in LPU period, and 50.4% for ΣDMs, 65.3% for ΣDEs and 43.9% for ΣDAPs in HPU period. Significantly greater urinary ΣDAP, ΣDM and ΣDE levels were observed in HPU relative to LPU period. Maternal schooling years, proximity of the house to crops or greenhouses, use of insecticides at home, spraying the garden with pesticides, storage of pesticides at home, house cleaning frequency, as well as child's frequency of bath/shower, were found to be the major predictors of urinary levels of ΣDAP. Likewise, not washing fruit and vegetables before consumption and banana consumption were also identified as determinants of the exposure levels. CONCLUSIONS Urinary levels of metabolites of OP pesticides found in this study were relatively lower compared to similar studies. DAP levels were significantly increased in HPU period. Maternal schooling years and variables related to residential environment and home exposures were identified as the most relevant determinants of DAP metabolites. Regarding diet, banana consumption and not washing fruit before consumption were also identified as determinants of the exposure levels. This study contributes to improve our knowledge on the main sources and determinants of children exposure to OPS, and given that children are more vulnerable than adults this information is essential to reduce children exposure and protect their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B González-Alzaga
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - D Romero-Molina
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I López-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - A F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Lacasaña
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Hernández AF, Lozano-Paniagua D, González-Alzaga B, Kavvalakis MP, Tzatzarakis MN, López-Flores I, Aguilar-Garduño C, Caparros-Gonzalez RA, Tsatsakis AM, Lacasaña M. Biomonitoring of common organophosphate metabolites in hair and urine of children from an agricultural community. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104997. [PMID: 31362151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Levels of dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites were measured in hair and urine of children that lived close to intensively farmed areas of Almeria (Southeast Spain). The levels were used as proxies for exposure of these children to organophosphate pesticides (OPs). Determinants of exposure to DAPs were also examined. Urine and hair samples were collected from 222 children aged 3-11 years and information on lifestyle and dietary habits was collected from questionnaires administered to mothers. Urinary DAPs were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) and hair DAPs by gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Detection rates ranged from 21.8% for diethylphosphate (DEP) and diethylthiophosphate (DETP) to 35.9% for dimethylphosphate (DMP) in urine; and from 42.3% for DETP to 92.8% for DMP in hair. Diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) was detected in 0.5% of urine samples (one child), and in 26.6% of children's hair samples. A lack of correlation was observed for individual DAP metabolites and ΣDAPs between urine and hair samples, except for DEDTP. Urinary DAP levels of our child population were lower than those reported for children from other countries, including NHANES 1999-2000 data. The main determinants of hair DAP levels were age, sex, vegetable intake, parental exposure to pesticides at work, time spent playing indoors, monthly income and father's education level. Conversely, none of the predictors studied was significantly associated with urinary DAPs except age. Overall, hair has advantages over urine as it is easier to collect, handle and store, and allows for assessment of cumulative exposure to OPs, thus providing a greater insight for human biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - David Lozano-Paniagua
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz González-Alzaga
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals/University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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16
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Comparison of sample preparation approaches and validation of an extraction method for nitrosatable pesticides and metabolites in human serum and urine analyzed by liquid chromatography - Orbital ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:83-91. [PMID: 31288928 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the acidic environment of the stomach, nitrosatable pesticide residues may react with nitrite to form potentially carcinogenic pesticide-associated N-nitroso compounds (PANOCs). The objective of this study was to develop a method for the analysis of 10 nitrosatable pesticides and breakdown products in human serum and urine. Three sample preparation methods were evaluated for extraction of target analytes from the biomatrices. Deproteinization by methanol for 300-μL aliquots of serum with a final extract volume of 225 μL resulted in excessive ion enhancement of some analytes and suppression of others. Three types of solid-phase extraction cartridges were tested for optimal analyte retention from 200-μL aliquots of serum with a final extract volume of 400 μL; this approach resulted in significant analyte loss for some compounds. The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe approach resulted in a suitable method for extraction of the analytes from each biomatrix. Biofluid samples (500 μL) were spiked to 100 μg L-1 with analytical standards and extracted using 500 μL of acetonitrile (ACN) with 4% acetic acid (AcOH) for serum and 0.1% AcOH in ACN for urine. For extraction, 200 mg magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and 50 mg sodium acetate were added for serum and 200 mg MgSO4 and 50 mg sodium chloride were added for urine. Final extract volumes for both biomatrices using the QuEChERS method was 400 μL after dilution. Samples were analyzed via ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography/high-resolution accurate mass orbital ion trap mass spectrometry. Mean recoveries for target analytes in serum and urine ranged between 74 and 120% (%RSD < 12) and 96 to 116% (%RSD ≤ 10), respectively. These methods may be used in large-scale biomonitoring studies to analyze PANNs and their parent compounds in human serum and urine.
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17
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Shin Y, Lee J, Park E, Lee J, Lee HS, Kim JH. A Quantitative Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Scaled-Down QuEChERS Approach for Simultaneous Analysis of Pesticide Multiresidues in Human Urine. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071330. [PMID: 30987340 PMCID: PMC6480104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiresidual pesticide determination in a biological sample is essential for an immediate decision and response related to various pesticide intoxications. A rapid and simultaneous analytical method for 260 pesticides in human urine was developed and validated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). High speed positive/negative switching electrospray ionization (ESI) mode was used, and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was optimized. Three versions of scaled-down QuEChERS procedures were evaluated, and the procedure using non-buffer reagents (magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride) and excluding cleanup steps was selected for optimum pesticide extraction. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) in this methodology was 10 ng/mL for each target pesticide, and correlation coefficient (r2) values of calibration curves were ≥0.988 (linearity range; 10–250 ng/mL). In accuracy and precision tests, the relative error ranges were −18.4% to 19.5%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) 2.1%–19.9% at an LOQ level (10 ng/mL), and −14.7% to 14.9% (RSD; 0.6%–14.9%) at higher concentrations (50, 150, and 250 ng/mL). Recovery range was 54.2%–113.9% (RSD; 0.3%–20.0%), and the soft matrix effect (range; −20% to 20%) was observed in 75.4% of target pesticides. The established bioanalytical methods are sufficient for application to biomonitoring in agricultural exposures and applicable in the forensic and clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongho Shin
- Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Drug Metabolism and Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea.
| | - Jiho Lee
- Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Junghak Lee
- Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- Drug Metabolism and Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Montemurro M, Brasca R, Culzoni MJ, Goicoechea HC. High-performance organized media-enhanced spectrofluorimetric determination of pirimiphos-methyl in maize. Food Chem 2019; 278:711-719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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An effective and high-throughput analytical methodology for pesticide screening in human urine by disposable pipette extraction and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:459-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Li WK, Zhang HX, Shi YP. Simultaneous determination of bifenox, dichlobenil and diclofop methyl by hollow carbon nanospheres enhanced magnetic carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1011:40-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Baxevanis F, Kuiper J, Fotaki N. Strategic drug analysis in fed-state gastric biorelevant media based on drug physicochemical properties. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:326-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Moyakao K, Santaladchaiyakit Y, Srijaranai S, Vichapong J. Preconcentration of Trace Neonicotinoid Insecticide Residues Using Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Micro Solid-Phase Extraction with Montmorillonite as an Efficient Sorbent. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040883. [PMID: 29641473 PMCID: PMC6017937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated montmorillonite for adsorption of neonicotinoid insecticides in vortex-assisted dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (VA-d-μ-SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was used for quantification and determination of neonicotinoid insecticide residues, including thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid. In this method, the solid sorbent was dispersed into the aqueous sample solution and vortex agitation was performed to accelerate the extraction process. Finally, the solution was filtered from the solid sorbent with a membrane filter. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the proposed method were optimized, such as amount of sorbent, sample volume, salt addition, type and volume of extraction solvent, and vortex time. The adsorbing results show that montmorillonite could be reused at least 4 times and be used as an effective adsorbent for rapid extraction/preconcentration of neonicotinoid insecticide residues. Under optimum conditions, linear dynamic ranges were achieved between 0.5 and 1000 ng mL-1 with a correlation of determination (R²) greater than 0.99. Limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.005 to 0.065 ng mL-1, while limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.008 to 0.263 ng mL-1. The enrichment factor (EF) ranged from 8 to 176-fold. The results demonstrated that the proposed method not only provided a more simple and sensitive method, but also can be used as a powerful alternative method for the simultaneous determination of insecticide residues in natural surface water and fruit juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khwankaew Moyakao
- Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand.
| | - Supalax Srijaranai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Jitlada Vichapong
- Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
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23
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Santos C, Oppolzer D, Gonçalves A, Barroso M, Gallardo E. Determination of Organophosphorous Pesticides in Blood Using Microextraction in Packed Sorbent and Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2018; 42:321-329. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - D Oppolzer
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - A Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M Barroso
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses—Delegação do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
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Kadar A, Peyre L, de Souza G, Wortham H, Doumenq P, Rahmani R. An accurate and robust LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of chlorfenvinphos, ethion and linuron in liver samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:20-26. [PMID: 28577486 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A method for the determination of chlorfenvinphos, ethion and linuron in liver samples by LC-MS/MS is described. Sample treatment was performed by using Sola™ polymeric reverse phase SPE cartridges after protein precipitation. Gradient elution using 10 mM ammonium formate in methanol (A) and 10 mM ammonium formate in water (B) was used for chromatographic separation of analytes on a Hypersil™ end-capped Gold PFP reverse phase column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 μm). All analytes were quantified without interference, in positive ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with chlorfenvinphos-d10 as internal standard. The whole procedure was validated according to the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical methods. The calibration curves for chlorfenvinphos, linuron and ethion compounds were linear over the concentration range of 0.005-2 μM (i.e. 0.0018-0.720 μg/mL, 0.0019-0.770 μg/mL and 0.0012-0.500 μg/mL respectively) with coefficients of determination higher than 0.998. A Lower limit of quantification of 0.005 μM was achieved for all analytes, i.e. 5.76, 6.08 and 3.84 μg/kg of liver for chlorfenvinphos, ethion and linuron respectively. Compounds extraction recovery rates ranged from 92.9 to 99.5% with a RSD of 2.3%. Intra- and inter-day accuracies were within 90.9 and 100%, and imprecision varied from 0.8 to 8.2%. Stability tests proved all analytes were stable in liver extracts during instrumental analysis (+12 °C in autosampler tray for 72 h) at the end of three successive freeze-thaw cycles and at -20 °C for up to 9 months. This accurate and robust analytical method is therefore suitable for contamination or metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kadar
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; INRA, UMR 1331 TOXALIM, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Xénobiotiques, BP 167, 400 Route des Chappes, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
| | - Ludovic Peyre
- INRA, UMR 1331 TOXALIM, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Xénobiotiques, BP 167, 400 Route des Chappes, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Georges de Souza
- INRA, UMR 1331 TOXALIM, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Xénobiotiques, BP 167, 400 Route des Chappes, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Roger Rahmani
- INRA, UMR 1331 TOXALIM, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Xénobiotiques, BP 167, 400 Route des Chappes, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
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Taliansky-Chamudis A, Gómez-Ramírez P, León-Ortega M, García-Fernández AJ. Validation of a QuECheRS method for analysis of neonicotinoids in small volumes of blood and assessment of exposure in Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) nestlings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:93-100. [PMID: 28376431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides have gained great interest in the last years both for agricultural and domestic use. Since the information on their environmental distribution or the effects derived from exposure to ecosystems and biota is scarce, new analytical techniques are being developed for monitoring studies. In this sense, two extraction techniques based on QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methodology to detect the neonicotinoids authorised in Spain (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, nitenpyram and thiamethoxam) were adapted and compared: a) using acetate buffer (AB); and b) using citrate buffer (CB). For detection and quantification, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/TOF-MS) was used. The CB method provided a wide range of recoveries (68-134%) and accuracy (4-9%). The AB method provided good recoveries (59-76%, 59% corresponded to clothianidin) precision (4-11%) linearity (0.987-0.998%) and limit of quantification (2-10ng/mL) for all the compounds. To test the effectiveness of the technique, we analysed 30 blood samples of free-ranging nestlings of Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo). The only compound detected, in one nestling from a dry land farming area, was imidacloprid, with a concentration of 3.28ng/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first study of neonicotinoid pesticides in free-ranging birds of prey using non-destructive samples, providing the first insight for biomonitoring studies. Further studies, including toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, are recommended to assess the risk for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taliansky-Chamudis
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Gómez-Ramírez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - M León-Ortega
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A J García-Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Determination of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and spirotetramat and their relevant metabolites in pistachio using modified QuEChERS combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 240:634-641. [PMID: 28946322 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A QuEChERS based methodology was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and spirotetramat and their relevant metabolites in pistachio by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the first time. First, sample extraction was done with MeCN:citrate buffer:NaHCO3 followed by phase separation with the addition of MgSO4:NaCl. The supernatant was then cleaned by a primary-secondary amine (PSA), GCB, and MgSO4. The proposed method provides a linearity in the range of 5-200µgL-1, and the linear regression coefficients were higher than 0.99. LOD and LOQ were obtained to be 2 and 5µgkg-1 for the studied insecticides, respectively, with the exception of imidacloprid-olefin (5 and 10µgkg-1). Acceptable recoveries (91-110%) were obtained for all the analytes with good intra- and inter-precisions (0.4≥RSD ≤11.0). The method was then used for the pistachio samples collected from a field trial to estimate the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in next step.
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Raina-Fulton R, Dunn N, Xie Z. Pesticides and Their Degradation Products Including Metabolites: Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Methods. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/68074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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28
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Vasylieva N, Barnych B, Wan D, El-Sheikh ESA, Nguyen HM, Wulff H, McMahen R, Strynar M, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. Hydroxy-fipronil is a new urinary biomarker of exposure to fipronil. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 103:91-98. [PMID: 28343720 PMCID: PMC5432128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Occupational medical surveillance is highly desirable in manufacturing facilities where exposure to chemicals is significant. The insecticide fipronil is generally considered safe for humans but with increasing use, exposure to fipronil is of concern. Identification of urinary metabolites of fipronil may allow development of affordable, cheap and rapid procedures for human exposure evaluation. In this study we developed a fast and easy approach for synthesis of hydroxy-fipronil, a potential urinary metabolite of fipronil. This standard was used to develop a sensitive analytical LC-MS/MS method with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.4ng/mL. Fipronil sulfone, a known metabolite, and hydroxy-fipronil were quantified in urine samples from rats treated with a fipronil containing diet. Fipronil sulfone concentration centered around 20ng/mL, while the concentration of hydroxy-fipronil was dose-dependent ranging in 10-10,000ng/mL and thus being a more sensitive marker of fipronil exposure. A fipronil immunoassay with cross-reactivity to hydroxy-fipronil showed a good correlation in signal intensity with LC-MS data. It was also used to demonstrate the applicability of the method for sample screening in the evaluation of exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | | | - Hai M Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Rebecca McMahen
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mark Strynar
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Shirley J Gee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Chen W, He P, Wang Q. Simultaneous separation of polar and non-polar mixtures by capillary HPLC based on an ostadecylsilane and taurine derivatized silica continuously packed column. Talanta 2016; 161:762-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fed-state gastric media and drug analysis techniques: Current status and points to consider. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:234-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schlittenbauer L, Seiwert B, Reemtsma T. A false positive finding in liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis by a non-isobaric matrix component: the case of benzotriazole in urine for human biomonitoring. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1560-1566. [PMID: 27321843 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Multi-residual methods employing liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) are attractive also for human biomonitoring (HBM). A new process is determined that can lead to false positive findings by matrix components that are not isobaric to the analyte of interest. METHODS Benzotriazole (1H-BT) was false positively detected in 87 human urine samples analyzed by ultra-high-performance-(UHP)-LC/MS/MS. The quantifier/qualifier ratio (Q/q ratio) did not match. This was further confirmed by negative results with an optimized gradient. Investigations were performed by UHPLC/high-resolution (HR)MS and model compounds to reveal the identity of the disturbing matrix compound and the way that it interfered with 1H-BT detection. RESULTS A formula of C7 H5 NO (m/z 120.0444) was found at the retention time of 1H-BT (m/z 120.0556) belonging to an in-source product ion of a heavier co-eluting compound. Product ion spectra and Q/q ratios of model compounds indicated a benzene sub-structure with a carbonyl and amine functional group in the ortho- or para-position. Finally, folic acid was confirmed as the disturbing urine component, exhibiting an in-source fragment with the nominal mass of 1H-BT and the same product ions as used in the SRM mode for UHPLC/MS/MS monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Interferences in SRM detection need not be due to co-eluting isobaric matrix compounds, but can originate from in-source fragmentation of heavier ions. Rigid quality control measures are recommended for LC/MS/MS analysis, especially for small molecules in complex sample matrices to overcome the selectivity limits of SRM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Schlittenbauer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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Madej K, Garmendia US, Weber A, Piekoszewski W. The use of graphene as an adsorbent for the extraction of permethrin from urine. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1132727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Madej
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Malopolska Region, Poland
| | - Uxue S. Garmendia
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, Donostia—San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Anna Weber
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Omsk State Agrarian, Omsk, Omsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Malopolska Region, Poland
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Primorski, Krai, Russia
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Lee CW, Su H, Chen PY, Lin SJ, Shiea J, Shin SJ, Chen BH. Rapid identification of pesticides in human oral fluid for emergency management by thermal desorption electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:97-104. [PMID: 26889925 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-poisoning with pesticides accounts for approximately one-third of all suicides worldwide. To expedite rescue in the emergency department, it is essential to develop a point-of-care analytical method for rapid identification of ingested pesticides. In this study, five of the most common pesticides ingested by self-poisoning patients in Taiwan were analyzed from oral fluid samples. Pesticide-oral fluid mixtures were applied on a cotton swab and then transferred into methanol. A metallic probe was used to sample the methanol solution for subsequent thermal desorption-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Altogether, pesticide sampling, transfer, desorption, ionization, and detection took less than 1 min. The reproducibility of this method (n = 6) was shown in the observed low-relative standard deviation (<7%) in the detection of pesticide in oral fluid. The detection limits of the pesticides in oral fluid obtained from four human subjects by thermal desorption-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry were between 1-10 ppb with relative standard deviation 10.7%. Moreover, in this study, linear responses of five pesticides in oral fluid with concentrations between 1 ppb-1 ppm (R2 between 0.9938 and 0.9988) were observed. As the whole analytical process is extremely short, this technique allows for early non-invasive point-of-care identification of pesticides in the oral fluid of self-poisoning patients in the emergency room, providing important toxicological information for decision-making during critical resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Jang Shin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Hsiun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Alternative Liquid–Liquid Microextraction as Cleanup for Determination of Neonicotinoid Pesticides Prior HPLC Analysis. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Schlittenbauer L, Seiwert B, Reemtsma T. Matrix effects in human urine analysis using multi-targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1415:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Šatínský D, Naibrtová L, Fernández-Ramos C, Solich P. An on-line SPE–HPLC method for effective sample preconcentration and determination of fenoxycarb and cis, trans-permethrin in surface waters. Talanta 2015; 142:124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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Yusa V, Millet M, Coscolla C, Roca M. Analytical methods for human biomonitoring of pesticides. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 891:15-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vasylieva N, Ahn KC, Barnych B, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. Development of an Immunoassay for the Detection of the Phenylpyrazole Insecticide Fipronil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10038-10047. [PMID: 26196357 PMCID: PMC4605820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpyrazole insecticides such as fipronil have been used as replacements for organophosphates. The wide application of fipronil raises concern about environmental contamination and risk for fish, birds, and other nontargeted beings as well as human health. A sensitive, competitive indirect heterologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. Antibodies with different specificities to fipronil and its metabolites were produced. Two ELISAs having IC50 values of 0.58 ± 0.06 and 2.6 ± 0.4 ng/mL were developed. Design of different haptens and coating antigens resulted in two assays with distinct cross-reactivity patterns for structurally related compounds: 96, 38, and 101% versus 39, 1.4, and 25% for fipronil-sulfide, fipronil-detrifluoromethylsulfonyl, and fipronil-desulfinyl, respectively. Performance of the immunoassays was demonstrated by a recovery study from spiked water and human serum and urine matrices, giving recovery values in the range of 85-111% for different concentrations. The assays demonstrated good correlation in fipronil recovery with conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. The generic assay 2265 has the sensitivity to measure fipronil and its analogs in serum at levels relevant for exposure monitoring. The assays were used to analyze human urine samples obtained from exposure studies and serum samples from rats treated with a fipronil-containing diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ki Chang Ahn
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shirley J. Gee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Corresponding Author, Tel. : 530-752-8465. Fax : 530-752-7519.
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Farajzadeh MA, Feriduni B, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Development of counter current salting-out homogenous liquid–liquid extraction for isolation and preconcentration of some pesticides from aqueous samples. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 885:122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Cortéjade A, Kiss A, Cren C, Vulliet E, Buleté A. Development of an analytical method for the targeted screening and multi-residue quantification of environmental contaminants in urine by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry for evaluation of human exposures. Talanta 2015; 146:694-706. [PMID: 26695319 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method and contribute to the assessment of the Exposome. Thus, a targeted analysis of a wide range of contaminants in contact with humans on daily routines in urine was developed. The method focused on a list of 38 contaminants, including 12 pesticides, one metabolite of pesticide, seven veterinary drugs, five parabens, one UV filter, one plastic additive, two surfactants and nine substances found in different products present in the everyday human environment. These contaminants were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) with a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QqToF) instrument from a raw urinary matrix. A validation according to the FDA guidelines was employed to evaluate the specificity, linear or quadratic curve fitting, inter- and intra-day precision, accuracy and limits of detection and quantification (LOQ). The developed analysis allows for the quantification of 23 contaminants in the urine samples, with the LOQs ranging between 4.3 ng.mL(-1) and 113.2 ng.mL(-1). This method was applied to 17 urine samples. Among the targeted contaminants, four compounds were detected in samples. One of the contaminants (tributyl phosphate) was detected below the LOQ. The three others (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and O,O-diethyl thiophosphate potassium) were detected but did not fulfill the validation criteria for quantification. Among these four compounds, two of them were found in all samples: tributyl phosphate and the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cortéjade
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Kiss
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Cren
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Buleté
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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Hardy EM, Duca RC, Salquebre G, Appenzeller BM. Multi-residue analysis of organic pollutants in hair and urine for matrices comparison. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 249:6-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Ko AY, Kim HJ, Jang J, Lee EH, Joo YJ, Kwon CH, Son YW, Chang MI, Rhee GS. Development of an Official Analytical Method for Determination of Aclonifen in Agricultural Products Using GC-ECD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2014.33.4.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Yang D, Yin W, Cong L, Wang M. Synthesis and Characterization of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Preconcentration of Clothianidin in Environmental Samples. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.915404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Duca RC, Salquebre G, Hardy E, Appenzeller BM. Comparison of solid phase- and liquid/liquid-extraction for the purification of hair extract prior to multi-class pesticides analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 955-956:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jovanov P, Guzsvány V, Franko M, Lazić S, Sakač M, Milovanović I, Nedeljković N. Development of multiresidue DLLME and QuEChERS based LC–MS/MS method for determination of selected neonicotinoid insecticides in honey liqueur. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yan H, Sun N, Han Y, Yang C, Wang M, Wu R. Ionic liquid-mediated molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detector for rapid screening of dicofol in vegetables. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1307:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jovanov P, Guzsvány V, Franko M, Lazić S, Sakač M, Šarić B, Banjac V. Multi-residue method for determination of selected neonicotinoid insecticides in honey using optimized dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 111:125-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jiang K, Zhang H, Wang J, Li F, Qian M. Fragmentation of deprotonated diacylhydrazine derivatives in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: generation of acid anions via intramolecular rearrangement. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63097. [PMID: 23704891 PMCID: PMC3660572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gas-phase fragmentation pathways of deprotonated diacylhydrazine derivatives (R1(C = O)-N(t-Bu)NH(C = O)R2, Compounds 1-6) were investigated by the combination of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) and theoretical calculations. Upon collisional activation, the deprotonated molecular ions [M - H](-) dissociate in two reaction channels, both of which involve intramolecular rearrangement. The main product ion is confirmed to be an anionic acid species, [R1-CO2](-), generated through intramolecular rearrangement of [M - H](-) initiated by the nucleophilic attack of the amide O6 on the carbonyl C2 (Path-1). The minor fragment channel (Path-2) involves methylpropene elimination of the precursor ion, followed by a similar nucleophilic displacement reaction to produce another acid anion [R2-CO2](-). Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level indicate that Path-1 is more favorable than Path-2 for dissociation of the deprotonated halofenozide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Rapid Determination of Polar and Non-Polar Pesticides in Human Serum, Using Mixed-Mode C-C18 Monolithic Spin Column Extraction and LC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Fast HPLC Method for Determination of Fenoxycarb and Permethrin in Antiparasitic Veterinary Shampoo Using Fused-Core Column. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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