1
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Phng LK, Hogan BM. Endothelial cell transitions in zebrafish vascular development. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:357-368. [PMID: 39072708 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, developmental biologists have come to view vascular development as a series of progressive transitions. Mesoderm differentiates into endothelial cells; arteries, veins and lymphatic endothelial cells are specified from early endothelial cells; and vascular networks diversify and invade developing tissues and organs. Our understanding of this elaborate developmental process has benefitted from detailed studies using the zebrafish as a model system. Here, we review a number of key developmental transitions that occur in zebrafish during the formation of the blood and lymphatic vessel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Phng
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Programme, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Crouch EE, Joseph T, Marsan E, Huang EJ. Disentangling brain vasculature in neurogenesis and neurodegeneration using single-cell transcriptomics. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:551-565. [PMID: 37210315 PMCID: PMC10560453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature is increasingly recognized to impact brain function in health and disease across the life span. During embryonic brain development, angiogenesis and neurogenesis are tightly coupled, coordinating the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural and glial progenitors. In the adult brain, neurovascular interactions continue to play essential roles in maintaining brain function and homeostasis. This review focuses on recent advances that leverage single-cell transcriptomics of vascular cells to uncover their subtypes, their organization and zonation in the embryonic and adult brain, and how dysfunction in neurovascular and gliovascular interactions contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we highlight key challenges for future research in neurovascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Crouch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Tara Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elise Marsan
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Pathology Service (113B), San Francisco Veterans Administration Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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3
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Ferre-Torres J, Noguera-Monteagudo A, Lopez-Canosa A, Romero-Arias JR, Barrio R, Castaño O, Hernandez-Machado A. Modelling of chemotactic sprouting endothelial cells through an extracellular matrix. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1145550. [PMID: 37362221 PMCID: PMC10285466 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1145550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is a core biological process critical to vascular development. Its accurate simulation, relevant to multiple facets of human health, is of broad, interdisciplinary appeal. This study presents an in-silico model replicating a microfluidic assay where endothelial cells sprout into a biomimetic extracellular matrix, specifically, a large-pore, low-concentration fibrin-based porous hydrogel, influenced by chemotactic factors. We introduce a novel approach by incorporating the extracellular matrix and chemotactic factor effects into a unified term using a single parameter, primarily focusing on modelling sprouting dynamics and morphology. This continuous model naturally describes chemotactic-induced sprouting with no need for additional rules. In addition, we extended our base model to account for matrix sensing and degradation, crucial aspects of angiogenesis. We validate our model via a hybrid in-silico experimental method, comparing the model predictions with experimental results derived from the microfluidic setup. Our results underscore the intricate relationship between the extracellular matrix structure and angiogenic sprouting, proposing a promising method for predicting the influence of the extracellular matrix on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Ferre-Torres
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Adrian Lopez-Canosa
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Spain
| | - J. Roberto Romero-Arias
- Institute for Research in Applied Mathematics and Systems, National Autonomous University of Mexico , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Barrio
- Institute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Castaño
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Hernandez-Machado
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Singhal SS, Garg R, Mohanty A, Garg P, Ramisetty SK, Mirzapoiazova T, Soldi R, Sharma S, Kulkarni P, Salgia R. Recent Advancement in Breast Cancer Research: Insights from Model Organisms-Mouse Models to Zebrafish. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112961. [PMID: 37296923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models have been utilized for decades to investigate the causes of human diseases and provide platforms for testing novel therapies. Indeed, breakthrough advances in genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and xenograft transplantation technologies have dramatically benefited in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including cancer. The currently available GEM models have been employed to assess specific genetic changes that underlay many features of carcinogenesis, including variations in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. In addition, mice models render it easier to locate tumor biomarkers for the recognition, prognosis, and surveillance of cancer progression and recurrence. Furthermore, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, which involves the direct surgical transfer of fresh human tumor samples to immunodeficient mice, has contributed significantly to advancing the field of drug discovery and therapeutics. Here, we provide a synopsis of mouse and zebrafish models used in cancer research as well as an interdisciplinary 'Team Medicine' approach that has not only accelerated our understanding of varied aspects of carcinogenesis but has also been instrumental in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rachana Garg
- Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Atish Mohanty
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sravani Keerthi Ramisetty
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Raffaella Soldi
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85338, USA
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85338, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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5
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Kim HJ, Kim G, Chi KY, Kim H, Jang YJ, Jo S, Lee J, Lee Y, Woo DH, Han C, Kim SK, Park HJ, Kim JH. Generation of multilineage liver organoids with luminal vasculature and bile ducts from human pluripotent stem cells via modulation of Notch signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:19. [PMID: 36737811 PMCID: PMC9898924 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of liver organoids recapitulating parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell interplay is essential for the precise in vitro modeling of liver diseases. Although different types of multilineage liver organoids (mLOs) have been generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), the assembly and concurrent differentiation of multiple cell types in individual mLOs remain a major challenge. Particularly, most studies focused on the vascularization of mLOs in host tissue after transplantation in vivo. However, relatively little information is available on the in vitro formation of luminal vasculature in mLOs themselves. METHODS The mLOs with luminal blood vessels and bile ducts were generated by assembling hepatic endoderm, hepatic stellate cell-like cells (HscLCs), and endothelial cells derived entirely from hPSCs using 96-well ultra-low attachment plates. We analyzed the effect of HscLC incorporation and Notch signaling modulation on the formation of both bile ducts and vasculature in mLOs using immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and live-perfusion imaging. The potential use of the mLOs in fibrosis modeling was evaluated by histological and gene expression analyses after treatment with pro-fibrotic cytokines. RESULTS We found that hPSC-derived HscLCs are crucial for generating functional microvasculature in mLOs. HscLC incorporation and subsequent vascularization substantially reduced apoptotic cell death and promoted the survival and growth of mLOs with microvessels. In particular, precise modulation of Notch signaling during a specific time window in organoid differentiation was critical for generating both bile ducts and vasculature. Live-cell imaging, a series of confocal scans, and electron microscopy demonstrated that blood vessels were well distributed inside mLOs and had perfusable lumens in vitro. In addition, exposure of mLOs to pro-fibrotic cytokines induced early fibrosis-associated events, including upregulation of genes associated with fibrotic induction and endothelial cell activation (i.e., collagen I, α-SMA, and ICAM) together with destruction of tissue architecture and organoid shrinkage. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that mLOs can reproduce parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell interactions and suggest that their application can advance the precise modeling of liver diseases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Gyeongmin Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Kyun Yoo Chi
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jang
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Seongyea Jo
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea ,grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 South Korea
| | - Jihun Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Woo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, NEXEL Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07802 South Korea
| | - Choongseong Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, NEXEL Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07802 South Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - Han-Jin Park
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 South Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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6
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Mesenchymal stem cells support human vascular endothelial cells to form vascular sprouts in human platelet lysate-based matrices. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278895. [PMID: 36520838 PMCID: PMC9754269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During tissue regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells can support endothelial cells in the process of new vessel formation. For a functional interaction of endothelial cells with mesenchymal stem cells a vascular inductive microenvironment is required. Using a cellular model for neo-vessel formation, we could show that newly formed vascular structures emanated from the embedded aggregates, consisting of mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with autologous human umbilical vein endothelial cells, into avascular human platelet lysate-based matrices, bridging distances up to 5 mm to join with adjacent aggregates with the same morphology forming an interconnected network. These newly formed vascular sprouts showed branch points and generated a lumen, as sign of mature vascular development. In two-dimensional culture, we detected binding of mesenchymal stem cells to laser-damaged endothelial cells under flow conditions, mimicking the dynamics in blood vessels. In conclusion, we observed that mesenchymal stem cells can support human umbilical vein endothelial cells in their vitality and functionality. In xeno-free human platelet lysate-based matrices, endothelial cells form complex vascular networks in a primarily avascular scaffold with the aid of mesenchymal stem cells, when co-cultured in three-dimensional spherical aggregates. Under dynamic conditions, representing the flow rate of venous vessel, mesenchymal stem cells preferably bind to damaged endothelial cells presumably assisting in the healing process.
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7
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Zhou J, Hu Y, Zhu W, Nie C, Zhao W, Faje AT, Labelle KE, Swearingen B, Lee H, Hedley-Whyte ET, Zhang X, Jones PS, Miller KK, Klibanski A, Zhou Y, Soberman RJ. Sprouting Angiogenesis in Human Pituitary Adenomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:875219. [PMID: 35600354 PMCID: PMC9117625 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.875219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Angiogenesis in pituitary tumors is not fully understood, and a better understanding could help inform new pharmacologic therapies, particularly for aggressive pituitary tumors. Materials and Methods 219 human pituitary tumors and 12 normal pituitary glands were studied. Angiogenic genes were quantified by an angiogenesis qPCR array and a TaqMan probe-based absolute qPCR. Angiogenesis inhibition in pituitary tumors was evaluated in vitro with the endothelial tube formation assay and in vivo in RbΔ19 mice. Results 71 angiogenic genes, 40 of which are known to be involved in sprouting angiogenesis, were differentially expressed in pituitary tumors. Expression of endothelial markers CD31, CD34, and ENG was significantly higher in pituitary tumors, by 5.6, 22.3, and 8.2-fold, respectively, compared to in normal pituitary tissue. There was no significant difference in levels of the lymphatic endothelial marker LYVE1 in pituitary tumors compared with normal pituitary gland tissue. Pituitary tumors also expressed significantly higher levels of angiogenesis growth factors, including VEGFA (4.2-fold), VEGFB (2.2), VEGFC (19.3), PGF (13.4), ANGPT2 (9.2), PDGFA (2.7), PDGFB (10.5) and TGFB1 (3.8) compared to normal pituitary tissue. Expression of VEGFC and PGF was highly correlated with the expression of endothelial markers in tumor samples, including CD31, CD34, and ENG (endoglin, a co-receptor for TGFβ). Furthermore, VEGFR inhibitors inhibited angiogenesis induced by human pituitary tumors and prolonged survival of RbΔ19 mice. Conclusion Human pituitary tumors are characterized by more active angiogenesis than normal pituitary gland tissue in a manner consistent with sprouting angiogenesis. Angiogenesis in pituitary tumors is regulated mainly by PGF and VEGFC, not VEGFA and VEGFB. Angiogenesis inhibitors, such as the VEGFR2 inhibitor cabozantinib, may merit further investigation as therapies for aggressive human pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yaomin Hu
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wende Zhu
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chuansheng Nie
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander T. Faje
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kay E. Labelle
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brooke Swearingen
- Neurosurgery Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xun Zhang
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pamela S. Jones
- Neurosurgery Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karen K. Miller
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yunli Zhou,
| | - Roy J. Soberman
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Gross SJ, Webb AM, Peterlin AD, Durrant JR, Judson RJ, Raza Q, Kitajewski JK, Kushner EJ. Notch regulates vascular collagen IV basement membrane through modulation of lysyl hydroxylase 3 trafficking. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:789-805. [PMID: 33956260 PMCID: PMC8487879 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type IV (Col IV) is a basement membrane protein associated with early blood vessel morphogenesis and is essential for blood vessel stability. Defects in vascular Col IV deposition are the basis of heritable disorders, such as small vessel disease, marked by cerebral hemorrhage and drastically shorten lifespan. To date, little is known about how endothelial cells regulate the intracellular transport and selective secretion of Col IV in response to angiogenic cues, leaving a void in our understanding of this critical process. Our aim was to identify trafficking pathways that regulate Col IV deposition during angiogenic blood vessel development. We have identified the GTPase Rab10 as a major regulator of Col IV vesicular trafficking during vascular development using both in vitro imaging and biochemistry as well as in vivo models. Knockdown of Rab10 reduced de novo Col IV secretion in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we determined that Rab10 is an indirect mediator of Col IV secretion, partnering with atypical Rab25 to deliver the enzyme lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) to Col IV-containing vesicles staged for secretion. Loss of Rab10 or Rab25 results in depletion of LH3 from Col IV-containing vesicles and rapid lysosomal degradation of Col IV. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rab10 is Notch responsive, indicating a novel connection between permissive Notch-based vessel maturation programs and vesicle trafficking. Our results illustrate both a new trafficking-based component in the regulated secretion of Col IV and how this vesicle trafficking program interfaces with Notch signaling to fine-tune basement membrane secretion during blood vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Amelia M Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Alek D Peterlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | | | - Rachel J Judson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Qanber Raza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jan K Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
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9
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Seynhaeve ALB, Ten Hagen TLM. An adapted dorsal skinfold model used for 4D intravital followed by whole-mount imaging to reveal endothelial cell-pericyte association. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20389. [PMID: 34650162 PMCID: PMC8517006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells and pericytes are highly dynamic vascular cells and several subtypes, based on their spatiotemporal dynamics or molecular expression, are believed to exist. The interaction between endothelial cells and pericytes is of importance in many aspects ranging from basic development to diseases like cancer. Identification of spatiotemporal dynamics is particularly interesting and methods to studies these are in demand. Here we describe the technical details of a method combining the benefits of high resolution intravital imaging and whole-mount histology. With intravital imaging using an adapted light weight dorsal skinfold chamber we identified blood flow patterns and spatiotemporal subtypes of endothelial cells and pericytes in a 4D (XYZ, spatial+T, time dimension) manner as representative examples for this model. Thereafter the tissue was extracted and stained as a whole-mount, by which the position and volumetric space of endothelial cells as well as pericytes were maintained, to identify molecular subtypes. Integration of the two imaging methods enabled 4D dissection of endothelial cell-pericyte association at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L B Seynhaeve
- Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Zisis T, Schwarz J, Balles M, Kretschmer M, Nemethova M, Chait R, Hauschild R, Lange J, Guet C, Sixt M, Zahler S. Sequential and Switchable Patterning for Studying Cellular Processes under Spatiotemporal Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35545-35560. [PMID: 34283577 PMCID: PMC9282641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Attachment of adhesive molecules on cell culture surfaces to restrict cell adhesion to defined areas and shapes has been vital for the progress of in vitro research. In currently existing patterning methods, a combination of pattern properties such as stability, precision, specificity, high-throughput outcome, and spatiotemporal control is highly desirable but challenging to achieve. Here, we introduce a versatile and high-throughput covalent photoimmobilization technique, comprising a light-dose-dependent patterning step and a subsequent functionalization of the pattern via click chemistry. This two-step process is feasible on arbitrary surfaces and allows for generation of sustainable patterns and gradients. The method is validated in different biological systems by patterning adhesive ligands on cell-repellent surfaces, thereby constraining the growth and migration of cells to the designated areas. We then implement a sequential photopatterning approach by adding a second switchable patterning step, allowing for spatiotemporal control over two distinct surface patterns. As a proof of concept, we reconstruct the dynamics of the tip/stalk cell switch during angiogenesis. Our results show that the spatiotemporal control provided by our "sequential photopatterning" system is essential for mimicking dynamic biological processes and that our innovative approach has great potential for further applications in cell science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themistoklis Zisis
- Department
of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Schwarz
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- ibidi
GmbH, Am Klopferspitz
19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miriam Balles
- ibidi
GmbH, Am Klopferspitz
19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maibritt Kretschmer
- Department
of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Nemethova
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Remy Chait
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Janina Lange
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Calin Guet
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department
of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
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11
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Low RECK Expression Is Part of the Cervical Carcinogenesis Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092217. [PMID: 34066355 PMCID: PMC8124470 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced carcinogenesis comprises alterations in the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their regulators. Reversion-inducing Cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) inhibits the activation of specific metalloproteinases and its expression is frequently lost in human cancers. Here we analyzed the role of RECK in cervical carcinogenesis. Cervical cancer derived cell lines over expressing RECK were used to determine tumor kinetics as well as, cellular, immune and molecular properties in vivo. Besides, we analyzed RECK expression in cervical cancer samples. RECK over expression (RECK+) delayed tumor growth and increased overall survival in vivo. RECK+ tumors displayed an increase in lymphoid-like inflammatory infiltrating cells, reduced number and viability of tumor and endothelial cells and lower collagenase activity. RECK+ tumors exhibited an enrichment of cell adhesion processes both in the mouse model and cervical cancer clinical samples. Finally, we found that lower RECK mRNA levels were associated with cervical lesions progression and worse response to chemotherapy in cervical cancer patients. Altogether, we show that increased RECK expression reduced the tumorigenic potential of HPV-transformed cells both in vitro and in vivo, and that RECK down regulation is a consistent and clinically relevant event in the natural history of cervical cancer.
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Chico TJA, Kugler EC. Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4377-4398. [PMID: 33688979 PMCID: PMC8164590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature plays a central role in human health and disease and possesses several unique anatomic, functional and molecular characteristics. Despite their importance, the mechanisms that determine cerebrovascular development are less well studied than other vascular territories. This is in part due to limitations of existing models and techniques for visualisation and manipulation of the cerebral vasculature. In this review we summarise the experimental approaches used to study the cerebral vessels and the mechanisms that contribute to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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13
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Gamble JT, Elson DJ, Greenwood JA, Tanguay RL, Kolluri SK. The Zebrafish Xenograft Models for Investigating Cancer and Cancer Therapeutics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040252. [PMID: 33804830 PMCID: PMC8063817 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The identification and development of new anti-cancer drugs requires extensive testing in animal models to establish safety and efficacy of drug candidates. The transplantation of human tumor tissue into mouse (tumor xenografts) is commonly used to study cancer progression and to test potential drugs for their anti-cancer activity. Mouse models do not afford the ability to test a large number of drug candidates quickly as it takes several weeks to conduct these experiments. In contrast, tumor xenograft studies in zebrafish provide an efficient platform for rapid testing of safety and efficacy in less than two weeks. Abstract In order to develop new cancer therapeutics, rapid, reliable, and relevant biological models are required to screen and validate drug candidates for both efficacy and safety. In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as an excellent model organism suited for these goals. Larval fish or immunocompromised adult fish are used to engraft human cancer cells and serve as a platform for screening potential drug candidates. With zebrafish sharing ~80% of disease-related orthologous genes with humans, they provide a low cost, high-throughput alternative to mouse xenografts that is relevant to human biology. In this review, we provide background on the methods and utility of zebrafish xenograft models in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Gamble
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Daniel J. Elson
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Juliet A. Greenwood
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Scotsdale, AZ 85257, USA;
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Siva K. Kolluri
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Yin J, Heutschi D, Belting HG, Affolter M. Building the complex architectures of vascular networks: Where to branch, where to connect and where to remodel? Curr Top Dev Biol 2021; 143:281-297. [PMID: 33820624 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is the first organ to become functional during vertebrate embryogenesis and is responsible for the distribution of oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the body. The cardiovascular system constitutes a circulatory loop in which blood flows from the heart through arteries into the microvasculature and back through veins to the heart. The vasculature is characterized by the heterogeneity of blood vessels with respect to size, cellular architecture and function, including both larger vessels that are found at defined positions within the body and smaller vessels or vascular beds that are organized in a less stereotyped manner. Recent studies have shed light on how the vascular tree is formed and how the interconnection of all branches is elaborated and maintained. In contrast to many other branched organs such as the lung or the kidney, vessel connection (also called anastomosis) is a key process underlying the formation of vascular networks; each outgrowing angiogenic sprout must anastomose in order to allow blood flow in the newly formed vessel segment. It turns out that during this "sprouting and anastomosis" process, too many vessels are generated, and that blood flow is subsequently optimized through the removal (pruning) of low flow segments. Here, we reflect on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in forming the complex architecture of the vasculature through sprouting, anastomosis and pruning, and raise some questions that remain to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Yin
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Intrinsic Angiogenic Potential and Migration Capacity of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Menstrual Blood and Bone Marrow. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249563. [PMID: 33334068 PMCID: PMC7765504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several therapies are being developed to increase blood circulation in ischemic tissues. Despite bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (bmMSC) are still the most studied, an interesting and less invasive MSC source is the menstrual blood, which has shown great angiogenic capabilities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the angiogenic properties of menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (mbMSC) in vitro and in vivo and compared to bmMSC. MSC’s intrinsic angiogenic capacity was assessed by sprouting and migration assays. mbMSC presented higher invasion and longer sprouts in 3D culture. Additionally, both MSC-spheroids showed cells expressing CD31. mbMSC and bmMSC were able to migrate after scratch wound in vitro, nonetheless, only mbMSC demonstrated ability to engraft in the chick embryo, migrating to perivascular, perineural, and chondrogenic regions. In order to study the paracrine effects, mbMSC and bmMSC conditioned mediums were capable of stimulating HUVEC’s tube-like formation and migration. Both cells expressed VEGF-A and FGF2. Meanwhile, PDGF-B was expressed exclusively in mbMSC. Our results indicated that mbMSC and bmMSC presented a promising angiogenic potential. However, mbMSC seems to have additional advantages since it can be obtained by non-invasive procedure and expresses PDGF-B, an important molecule for vascular formation and remodeling.
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16
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Fan XL, Zhang Y, Li X, Fu QL. Mechanisms underlying the protective effects of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2771-2794. [PMID: 31965214 PMCID: PMC7223321 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated for the treatment of various diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs is attributed to complex cellular and molecular mechanisms of action including differentiation into multiple cell lineages and regulation of immune responses via immunomodulation. The plasticity of MSCs in immunomodulation allow these cells to exert different immune effects depending on different diseases. Understanding the biology of MSCs and their role in treatment is critical to determine their potential for various therapeutic applications and for the development of MSC-based regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the recent progress of particular mechanisms underlying the tissue regenerative properties and immunomodulatory effects of MSCs. We focused on discussing the functional roles of paracrine activities, direct cell-cell contact, mitochondrial transfer, and extracellular vesicles related to MSC-mediated effects on immune cell responses, cell survival, and regeneration. This will provide an overview of the current research on the rapid development of MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Fan
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Campinho P, Vilfan A, Vermot J. Blood Flow Forces in Shaping the Vascular System: A Focus on Endothelial Cell Behavior. Front Physiol 2020; 11:552. [PMID: 32581842 PMCID: PMC7291788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is the cell monolayer that lines the interior of the blood vessels separating the vessel lumen where blood circulates, from the surrounding tissues. During embryonic development, endothelial cells (ECs) must ensure that a tight barrier function is maintained whilst dynamically adapting to the growing vascular tree that is being formed and remodeled. Blood circulation generates mechanical forces, such as shear stress and circumferential stretch that are directly acting on the endothelium. ECs actively respond to flow-derived mechanical cues by becoming polarized, migrating and changing neighbors, undergoing shape changes, proliferating or even leaving the tissue and changing identity. It is now accepted that coordinated changes at the single cell level drive fundamental processes governing vascular network morphogenesis such as angiogenic sprouting, network pruning, lumen formation, regulation of vessel caliber and stability or cell fate transitions. Here we summarize the cell biology and mechanics of ECs in response to flow-derived forces, discuss the latest advances made at the single cell level with particular emphasis on in vivo studies and highlight potential implications for vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Campinho
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Andrej Vilfan
- Department of Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Mishra AK, Campanale JP, Mondo JA, Montell DJ. Cell interactions in collective cell migration. Development 2019; 146:146/23/dev172056. [PMID: 31806626 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is the coordinated movement of a physically connected group of cells and is a prominent driver of development and metastasis. Interactions between cells within migrating collectives, and between migrating cells and other cells in the environment, play key roles in stimulating motility, steering and sometimes promoting cell survival. Similarly, diverse heterotypic interactions and collective behaviors likely contribute to tumor metastasis. Here, we describe a sampling of cells that migrate collectively in vivo, including well-established and newer examples. We focus on the under-appreciated property that many - perhaps most - collectively migrating cells move as cooperating groups of distinct cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinava K Mishra
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Joseph P Campanale
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - James A Mondo
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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19
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Payne LB, Zhao H, James CC, Darden J, McGuire D, Taylor S, Smyth JW, Chappell JC. The pericyte microenvironment during vascular development. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12554. [PMID: 31066166 PMCID: PMC6834874 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular pericytes provide critical contributions to the formation and integrity of the blood vessel wall within the microcirculation. Pericytes maintain vascular stability and homeostasis by promoting endothelial cell junctions and depositing extracellular matrix (ECM) components within the vascular basement membrane, among other vital functions. As their importance in sustaining microvessel health within various tissues and organs continues to emerge, so does their role in a number of pathological conditions including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and neurological disorders. Here, we review vascular pericyte contributions to the development and remodeling of the microcirculation, with a focus on the local microenvironment during these processes. We discuss observations of their earliest involvement in vascular development and essential cues for their recruitment to the remodeling endothelium. Pericyte involvement in the angiogenic sprouting context is also considered with specific attention to crosstalk with endothelial cells such as through signaling regulation and ECM deposition. We also address specific aspects of the collective cell migration and dynamic interactions between pericytes and endothelial cells during angiogenic sprouting. Lastly, we discuss pericyte contributions to mechanisms underlying the transition from active vessel remodeling to the maturation and quiescence phase of vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Payne
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Carissa C. James
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jordan Darden
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - David McGuire
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - James W. Smyth
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - John C. Chappell
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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20
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Abstract
Appropriate therapeutic modulation of endothelial proliferation and sprouting is essential for the effective inhibition of angiogenesis in cancer or its induction in cardiovascular disease. The current view is that an increase in growth factor concentration, and the resulting mitogenic activity, increases both endothelial proliferation and sprouting. Here, we modulate mitogenic stimuli in different vascular contexts by interfering with the function of the VEGF and Notch signalling pathways at high spatiotemporal resolution in vivo. Contrary to the prevailing view, our results indicate that high mitogenic stimulation induced by VEGF, or Notch inhibition, arrests the proliferation of angiogenic vessels. This is due to the existence of a bell-shaped dose-response to VEGF and MAPK activity that is counteracted by Notch and p21, determining whether endothelial cells sprout, proliferate, or become quiescent. The identified mechanism should be considered to achieve optimal therapeutic modulation of angiogenesis. High mitogenic stimuli have been suggested to promote endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting during angiogenesis. Here Pontes-Quero et al., by interfering with levels of VEGF and Notch signalling in single endothelial cells in vivo, find that high mitogenic stimuli instead arrest angiogenesis due to a bell-shaped dose-response to VEGF and MAPK activity that is counteracted by Notch and p21.
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Abstract
Angiogenic blood vessel growth is essential to ensure organs receive adequate blood supply to support normal organ function and homeostasis. Angiogenesis involves a complex series of cellular events through which new vessels grow out from existing vasculature. Growth factor signaling, layered over a range of other signaling inputs, orchestrates this process. The response of endothelial cells (ECs) to growth factor signals must be carefully controlled through feedback mechanisms to prevent excessive vessel growth, remodeling or destabilization. In this article, we summarize recent findings describing how ECs respond to growth factor signals during blood vessel development and homeostasis and how perturbation of these responses can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Grant
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Leigh Coultas
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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22
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Red-Horse K, Siekmann AF. Veins and Arteries Build Hierarchical Branching Patterns Differently: Bottom-Up versus Top-Down. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800198. [PMID: 30805984 PMCID: PMC6478158 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A tree-like hierarchical branching structure is present in many biological systems, such as the kidney, lung, mammary gland, and blood vessels. Most of these organs form through branching morphogenesis, where outward growth results in smaller and smaller branches. However, the blood vasculature is unique in that it exists as two trees (arterial and venous) connected at their tips. Obtaining this organization might therefore require unique developmental mechanisms. As reviewed here, recent data indicate that arterial trees often form in reverse order. Accordingly, initial arterial endothelial cell differentiation occurs outside of arterial vessels. These pre-artery cells then build trees by following a migratory path from smaller into larger arteries, a process guided by the forces imparted by blood flow. Thus, in comparison to other branched organs, arteries can obtain their structure through inward growth and coalescence. Here, new information on the underlying mechanisms is discussed, and how defects can lead to pathologies, such as hypoplastic arteries and arteriovenous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 California,
| | - Arndt F. Siekmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104 Pennsylvania,
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Mahdi A, Darvishi B, Majidzadeh-A K, Salehi M, Farahmand L. Challenges facing antiangiogenesis therapy: The significant role of hypoxia-inducible factor and MET in development of resistance to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapies. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5655-5663. [PMID: 30515806 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is now fully recognized that along with multiple physiological functions, angiogenesis is also involved in the fundamental process and pathobiology of several disorders including cancer. Recent studies have fully established the role of angiogenesis in cancer progression as well as invasion and metastasis. Consequently, many therapeutic agents such as monoclonal antibodies targeting angiogenesis pathway have been introduced in clinic with the hope for improving the outcomes of cancer therapy. Bevacizumab (Avastin®) was the first anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting monoclonal antibody developed with this purpose and soon received its accelerated US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer in 2008. However, the failure to meet expecting results in different follow-up studies, forced FDA to remove bevacizumab approval for metastatic breast cancer. Investigations have now revealed that while suppressing VEGF pathway initially decreases tumor progression rate and vasculature density, activation of several interrelated pathways and signaling molecules following VEGF blockade compensate the insufficiency of VEGF and initially blocked angiogenesis, explaining in part the failure observed with bevacizumab single therapy. In present review, we introduce some of the main pathways and signaling molecules involved in angiogenesis and then propose how their interconnection may result in development of resistance to bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahdi
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Tasnim Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Tsuji-Tamura K, Ogawa M. Morphology regulation in vascular endothelial cells. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:25. [PMID: 30214642 PMCID: PMC6130072 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological change in endothelial cells is an initial and crucial step in the process of establishing a functional vascular network. Following or associated with differentiation and proliferation, endothelial cells elongate and assemble into linear cord-like vessels, subsequently forming a perfusable vascular tube. In vivo and in vitro studies have begun to outline the underlying genetic and signaling mechanisms behind endothelial cell morphology regulation. This review focuses on the transcription factors and signaling pathways regulating endothelial cell behavior, involved in morphology, during vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Tsuji-Tamura
- 1Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan.,2Present Address: Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586 Japan
| | - Minetaro Ogawa
- 1Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
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25
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Narayanan S, Loganathan G, Mokshagundam S, Hughes MG, Williams SK, Balamurugan AN. Endothelial cell regulation through epigenetic mechanisms: Depicting parallels and its clinical application within an intra-islet microenvironment. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 143:120-133. [PMID: 29953914 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intra-islet endothelial cells (ECs), the building blocks of islet microvasculature, govern a number of cellular and pathophysiological processes associated with the pancreatic tissue. These cells are key to the angiogenic process and essential for islet revascularization after transplantation. Understanding fundamental mechanisms by which ECs regulate the angiogenic process is important as these cells maintain and regulate the intra-islet environment facilitated by a complex signaling crosstalk with the surrounding endocrine cells. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the impact of epigenetic regulation on islet cell development and function. This review will present an overview of the reports involving endothelial epigenetic mechanisms particularly focusing on histone modifications which have been identified to play a critical role in governing EC functions by modifying the chromatin structure. A better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms by which these cells regulate gene expression and function to orchestrate cellular physiology and pathology is likely to offer improved insights on the functioning and regulation of an intra-islet endothelial microvascular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Narayanan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Gopalakrishnan Loganathan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | | | - Michael G Hughes
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Stuart K Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Appakalai N Balamurugan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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Tetzlaff F, Adam MG, Feldner A, Moll I, Menuchin A, Rodriguez-Vita J, Sprinzak D, Fischer A. MPDZ promotes DLL4-induced Notch signaling during angiogenesis. eLife 2018; 7:e32860. [PMID: 29620522 PMCID: PMC5933922 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is coordinated by VEGF and Notch signaling. DLL4-induced Notch signaling inhibits tip cell formation and vessel branching. To ensure proper Notch signaling, receptors and ligands are clustered at adherens junctions. However, little is known about factors that control Notch activity by influencing the cellular localization of Notch ligands. Here, we show that the multiple PDZ domain protein (MPDZ) enhances Notch signaling activity. MPDZ physically interacts with the intracellular carboxyterminus of DLL1 and DLL4 and enables their interaction with the adherens junction protein Nectin-2. Inactivation of the MPDZ gene leads to impaired Notch signaling activity and increased blood vessel sprouting in cellular models and the embryonic mouse hindbrain. Tumor angiogenesis was enhanced upon endothelial-specific inactivation of MPDZ leading to an excessively branched and poorly functional vessel network resulting in tumor hypoxia. As such, we identified MPDZ as a novel modulator of Notch signaling by controlling ligand recruitment to adherens junctions.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Calcium-Binding Proteins
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Tetzlaff
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - M Gordian Adam
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Anja Feldner
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Iris Moll
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Amitai Menuchin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wise Faculty of Life ScienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Vita
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - David Sprinzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wise Faculty of Life ScienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division of Vascular Signaling and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Medical Clinic I, Endocrinology and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
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27
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Control of Blood Vessel Formation by Notch Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:319-338. [PMID: 30030834 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels span throughout the body to nourish tissue cells and to provide gateways for immune surveillance. Endothelial cells that line capillaries have the remarkable capacity to be quiescent for years but to switch rapidly into the activated state once new blood vessels need to be formed. In addition, endothelial cells generate niches for progenitor and tumor cells and provide organ-specific paracrine (angiocrine) factors that control organ development and regeneration, maintenance of homeostasis and tumor progression. Recent data indicate a pivotal role for blood vessels in responding to metabolic changes and that endothelial cell metabolism is a novel regulator of angiogenesis. The Notch pathway is the central signaling mode that cooperates with VEGF, WNT, BMP, TGF-β, angiopoietin signaling and cell metabolism to orchestrate angiogenesis, tip/stalk cell selection and arteriovenous specification. Here, we summarize the current knowledge and implications regarding the complex roles of Notch signaling during physiological and tumor angiogenesis, the dynamic nature of tip/stalk cell selection in the nascent vessel sprout and arteriovenous differentiation. Furthermore, we shed light on recent work on endothelial cell metabolism, perfusion-independent angiocrine functions of endothelial cells in organ-specific vascular beds and how manipulation of Notch signaling may be used to target the tumor vasculature.
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28
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Watson EC, Grant ZL, Coultas L. Endothelial cell apoptosis in angiogenesis and vessel regression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4387-4403. [PMID: 28646366 PMCID: PMC11107683 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessel regression is an essential process for ensuring blood vessel networks function at optimal efficiency and for matching blood supply to the metabolic needs of tissues as they change over time. Angiogenesis is the major mechanism by which new blood vessels are produced, but the vessel growth associated with angiogenesis must be complemented by remodeling and maturation events including the removal of redundant vessel segments and cells to fashion the newly forming vasculature into an efficient, hierarchical network. This review will summarize recent findings on the role that endothelial cell apoptosis plays in vascular remodeling during angiogenesis and in vessel regression more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Watson
- Development and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Zoe L Grant
- Development and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Leigh Coultas
- Development and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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29
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Wang M, Ong LLS, Dauwels J, Asada HH. Automated tracking and quantification of angiogenic vessel formation in 3D microfluidic devices. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186465. [PMID: 29136008 PMCID: PMC5685595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, is a critical step in cancer invasion. Better understanding of the angiogenic mechanisms is required to develop effective antiangiogenic therapies for cancer treatment. We culture angiogenic vessels in 3D microfluidic devices under different Sphingosin-1-phosphate (S1P) conditions and develop an automated vessel formation tracking system (AVFTS) to track the angiogenic vessel formation and extract quantitative vessel information from the experimental time-lapse phase contrast images. The proposed AVFTS first preprocesses the experimental images, then applies a distance transform and an augmented fast marching method in skeletonization, and finally implements the Hungarian method in branch tracking. When applying the AVFTS to our experimental data, we achieve 97.3% precision and 93.9% recall by comparing with the ground truth obtained from manual tracking by visual inspection. This system enables biologists to quantitatively compare the influence of different growth factors. Specifically, we conclude that the positive S1P gradient increases cell migration and vessel elongation, leading to a higher probability for branching to occur. The AVFTS is also applicable to distinguish tip and stalk cells by considering the relative cell locations in a branch. Moreover, we generate a novel type of cell lineage plot, which not only provides cell migration and proliferation histories but also demonstrates cell phenotypic changes and branch information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Justin Dauwels
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore
| | - H. Harry Asada
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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30
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Abraham V, Parambath A, Joe DS, DeLisser HM. Influence of PECAM-1 ligand interactions on PECAM-1-dependent cell motility and filopodia extension. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/22/e13030. [PMID: 27895229 PMCID: PMC5358002 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM‐1) has been implicated in angiogenesis through processes that involve stimulation of endothelial cell motility. Previous studies suggest that PECAM‐1 tyrosine phosphorylation mediates the recruitment and then activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐2, which in turn promotes the turnover of focal adhesions and the extension of filopodia, processes critical to cell motility. While these studies have implicated PECAM‐1‐dependent signaling in PECAM‐1‐mediated cell motility, the involvement of PECAM‐1 ligand binding in cell migration is undefined. Therefore to investigate the role of PECAM‐1 binding interactions in cell motility, mutants of PECAM‐1 were generated in which either homophilic or heparin/glycosaminoglycan (GAG)‐mediated heterophilic binding had been disabled and then expressed in an endothelial cell surrogate. We found that the ability of PECAM‐1 to stimulate cell migration, promote filopodia formation and trigger Cdc42 activation were lost if PECAM‐1‐dependent homophilic or heparin/GAG‐dependent heterophilic ligand binding was disabled. We further observed that PECAM‐1 concentrated at the tips of extended filopodia, an activity that was diminished if homophilic, but not heparin/GAG‐mediated heterophilic binding had been disrupted. Similar patterns of activities were seen in mouse endothelial cells treated with antibodies that specifically block PECAM‐1‐dependent homophilic or heterophilic adhesion. Together these data provide evidence for the differential involvement of PECAM‐1‐ligand interactions in PECAM‐1‐dependent motility and the extension of filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valsamma Abraham
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Parambath
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Debria S Joe
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Horace M DeLisser
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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31
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Hasan SS, Tsaryk R, Lange M, Wisniewski L, Moore JC, Lawson ND, Wojciechowska K, Schnittler H, Siekmann AF. Endothelial Notch signalling limits angiogenesis via control of artery formation. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:928-940. [PMID: 28714969 PMCID: PMC5534340 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting needs to be tightly controlled. It has been suggested that the Notch ligand dll4 expressed in leading tip cells restricts angiogenesis by activating Notch signalling in trailing stalk cells. Here, we show using live imaging in zebrafish that activation of Notch signalling is rather required in tip cells. Notch activation initially triggers expression of the chemokine receptor cxcr4a. This allows for proper tip cell migration and connection to the pre-existing arterial circulation, ultimately establishing functional arterial-venous blood flow patterns. Subsequently, Notch signalling reduces cxcr4a expression, thereby preventing excessive blood vessel growth. Finally, we find that Notch signalling is dispensable for limiting blood vessel growth during venous plexus formation that does not generate arteries. Together, these findings link the role of Notch signalling in limiting angiogenesis to its role during artery formation and provide a framework for our understanding of the mechanisms underlying blood vessel network expansion and maturation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Arteries/cytology
- Arteries/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genotype
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Microscopy, Video
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Time-Lapse Imaging
- Transfection
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana S. Hasan
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Roman Tsaryk
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Laura Wisniewski
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - John C. Moore
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Nathan D. Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | - Hans Schnittler
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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32
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A novel modified physiologically relevant model for cardiac angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2017; 114:84-91. [PMID: 28666802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis assays are important tools for studying both the mechanisms of cardiac angiogenesis and the potential development of therapeutic strategies to ischemic heart diseases. Currently, various assays have been used to quantitate cardiac tubule formation, yet no consensus has been reached regarding a suitable assay for evaluating the efficacy of angiogenic stimulants or inhibitors. Most in vivo angiogenesis assays are complex and difficult to interpret, whereas traditional in vitro angiogenesis models measure only one aspect of this process. To bridge the gap between in vivo and in vitro angiogenesis assays, here, we have developed a novel modified cardiac explants matrigel assay. We observed the morphology of vascular sprouts formed in three forms of cardiac angiogenesis assays then used quantitative image analyses to further compare the morphological features of vascular sprouts formed in two cardiac explants angiogenesis assays. Vascular sprouts formed in the fibronectin group were less and short, whereas those formed in the matrigel group were significantly longer, consisting of more area and branch points. Moreover, we found the benefits of this matrigel model by observing the ability of cardiac explants to form vascular sprouts under normoxia or hypoxia condition in the presence of angiogenic stimulant and inhibitor, VEGF and PEDF. In summary, the above analyses revealed that the morphology of vascular sprouts formed in this model appears more representative of myocardial capillary formation in vivo, and this accessible, reliable angiogenic assay is a more physiologically relevant assay which allows further assessment of pharmacologic compounds on cardiac angiogenesis.
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Montali M, Panvini FM, Barachini S, Ronca F, Carnicelli V, Mazzoni S, Petrini I, Pacini S. Human adult mesangiogenic progenitor cells reveal an early angiogenic potential, which is lost after mesengenic differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:106. [PMID: 28464921 PMCID: PMC5414340 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesangiogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) have shown the ability to differentiate in-vitro toward mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as well as angiogenic potential. MPCs have so far been described in detail as progenitors of the mesodermal lineage and appear to be of great significance in tissue regeneration and in hemopoietic niche regulation. On the contrary, information regarding the MPC angiogenic process is still incomplete and requires further clarification. In particular, genuine MPC angiogenic potential should be confirmed in-vivo. Methods In the present article, markers and functions associated with angiogenic cells have been dissected. MPCs freshly isolated from human bone marrow have been induced to differentiate into exponentially growing MSCs (P2-MSCs). Cells have been characterized and angiogenesis-related gene expression was evaluated before and after mesengenic differentiation. Moreover, angiogenic potential has been tested by in-vitro and in-vivo functional assays. Results MPCs showed a distinctive gene expression profile, acetylated-low density lipoprotein uptake, and transendothelial migration capacity. However, mature endothelial markers and functions of endothelial cells, including the ability to form new capillaries, were absent, thus suggesting MPCs to be very immature endothelial progenitors. MPCs showed marked 3D spheroid sprouting activating the related molecular machinery, a clear in-vitro indication of early angiogenesis. Indeed, MPCs applied to chicken chorioallantoic membrane induced and participated in neovessel formation. All of these features were lost in mesengenic terminally differentiated P2-MSCs, showing definite separation of the two differentiation lineages. Conclusion Our results confirm the bona-fide angiogenic potential of MPCs and suggest that the high variability reported for MSC cultures, responsible for the controversies regarding MSC angiogenic potential, could be correlated to variable percentages of co-isolated MPCs in the different culture conditions so far used. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0562-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Montali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Via Roma 56, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca M Panvini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Via Roma 56, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Barachini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Via Roma 56, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ronca
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnicelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Pacini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Via Roma 56, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Sauteur L, Affolter M, Belting HG. Distinct and redundant functions of Esama and VE-cadherin during vascular morphogenesis. Development 2017; 144:1554-1565. [PMID: 28264837 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system forms during early embryogenesis and adapts to embryonic growth by sprouting angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. These processes require fine-tuning of cell-cell adhesion to maintain and re-establish endothelial contacts, while allowing cell motility. We have compared the contribution of two endothelial cell-specific adhesion proteins, VE-cadherin (VE-cad/Cdh5) and Esama (endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule a), during angiogenic sprouting and blood vessel fusion (anastomosis) in the zebrafish embryo by genetic analyses. Different combinations of mutant alleles can be placed into a phenotypic series with increasing defects in filopodial contact formation. Contact formation in esama mutants appears similar to wild type, whereas esama-/-; ve-cad+/- and ve-cad single mutants exhibit intermediate phenotypes. The lack of both proteins interrupts filopodial interaction completely. Furthermore, double mutants do not form a stable endothelial monolayer, and display intrajunctional gaps, dislocalization of Zo-1 and defects in apical-basal polarization. In summary, VE-cadherin and Esama have distinct and redundant functions during blood vessel morphogenesis, and both adhesion proteins are central to endothelial cell recognition during anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Sauteur
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
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35
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The Caenorhabditis elegans Excretory System: A Model for Tubulogenesis, Cell Fate Specification, and Plasticity. Genetics 2017; 203:35-63. [PMID: 27183565 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.189357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The excretory system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a superb model of tubular organogenesis involving a minimum of cells. The system consists of just three unicellular tubes (canal, duct, and pore), a secretory gland, and two associated neurons. Just as in more complex organs, cells of the excretory system must first adopt specific identities and then coordinate diverse processes to form tubes of appropriate topology, shape, connectivity, and physiological function. The unicellular topology of excretory tubes, their varied and sometimes complex shapes, and the dynamic reprogramming of cell identity and remodeling of tube connectivity that occur during larval development are particularly fascinating features of this organ. The physiological roles of the excretory system in osmoregulation and other aspects of the animal's life cycle are only beginning to be explored. The cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways used to build and shape excretory tubes appear similar to those used in both unicellular and multicellular tubes in more complex organs, such as the vertebrate vascular system and kidney, making this simple organ system a useful model for understanding disease processes.
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36
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Esser JS, Charlet A, Schmidt M, Heck S, Allen A, Lother A, Epting D, Patterson C, Bode C, Moser M. The neuronal transcription factor NPAS4 is a strong inducer of sprouting angiogenesis and tip cell formation. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:222-223. [PMID: 28082451 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Regarding branching morphogenesis, neurogenesis and angiogenesis share common principle mechanisms and make use of the same molecules. Therefore, the investigation of neuronal molecules involved in vascular morphogenesis provides new possibilities for pro-angiogenic approaches in cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the role of the neuronal transcription factor NPAS4 in angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that the neuronal transcription factor NPAS4 is expressed in endothelial cells of different origin using reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis. To investigate how NPAS4 affects endothelial cell function, NPAS4 was overexpressed by plasmid transfection or depleted from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by specific siRNAs. In vitro HUVEC sprouting assays showed that sprouting and branching of endothelial cells was enhanced by NPAS4 overexpression. Consistently, silencing of NPAS4 resulted in reduced HUVEC sprouting and branching. Mechanistically, we identified as target gene vascular endothelial adhesion molecule VE-cadherin to be involved in the pro-angiogenic function of NPAS4. In endothelial cell mosaic spheroid sprouting assays, NPAS4 was involved in tip cell formation. In vivo experiments in mouse and zebrafish confirmed our in vitro findings. NPAS4-deficient mice displayed reduced ingrowth of endothelial cells in the Matrigel plug assay. Consistent with a regulatory role of NPAS4 in endothelial cell function silencing of NPAS4 in zebrafish by specific morpholinos resulted in perturbed intersegmental vessels growth. CONCLUSIONS NPAS4 is expressed in endothelial cells, regulates VE-cadherin expression and regulates sprouting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Susanne Esser
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Charlet
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mei Schmidt
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Heck
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anita Allen
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Epting
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cam Patterson
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, Payson 118, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Bode
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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Hjelmgren O, Gellerman K, Kjelldahl J, Lindahl P, Bergström GML. Increased Vascularization in the Vulnerable Upstream Regions of Both Early and Advanced Human Carotid Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166918. [PMID: 27973542 PMCID: PMC5156420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascularization of atherosclerotic plaques has been linked to plaque vulnerability. The aim of this study was to test if the vascularization was increased in upstream regions of early atherosclerotic carotid plaques and also to test if the same pattern of vascularization was seen in complicated, symptomatic plaques. METHODS We enrolled 45 subjects with early atherosclerotic lesions for contrast enhanced ultrasound and evaluated the percentage of plaque area in a longitudinal ultrasound section which contained contrast agent. Contrast-agent uptake was evaluated in both the upstream and downstream regions of the plaque. We also collected carotid endarterectomy specimens from 56 subjects and upstream and downstream regions were localized using magnetic resonance angiography and analyzed using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Vascularization was increased in the upstream regions of early carotid plaques compared with downstream regions (30% vs. 23%, p = 0.033). Vascularization was also increased in the upstream regions of advanced atherosclerotic lesions compared with downstream regions (4.6 vs. 1.4 vessels/mm2, p = 0.001) and was associated with intra-plaque hemorrhage and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Vascularization is increased in the upstream regions of both early and advanced plaques and is in advanced lesions mainly driven by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hjelmgren
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Karl Gellerman
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefin Kjelldahl
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Lindahl
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran M. L. Bergström
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Braun A, Caesar NM, Dang K, Myers KA. High-resolution Time-lapse Imaging and Automated Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics in Living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27584860 PMCID: PMC5091855 DOI: 10.3791/54265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological process by which new vasculature forms from existing vasculature requires specific signaling events that trigger morphological changes within individual endothelial cells (ECs). These processes are critical for homeostatic maintenance such as wound healing, and are also crucial in promoting tumor growth and metastasis. EC morphology is defined by the organization of the cytoskeleton, a tightly regulated system of actin and microtubule (MT) dynamics that is known to control EC branching, polarity and directional migration, essential components of angiogenesis. To study MT dynamics, we used high-resolution fluorescence microscopy coupled with computational image analysis of fluorescently-labeled MT plus-ends to investigate MT growth dynamics and the regulation of EC branching morphology and directional migration. Time-lapse imaging of living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) was performed following transfection with fluorescently-labeled MT End Binding protein 3 (EB3) and Mitotic Centromere Associated Kinesin (MCAK)-specific cDNA constructs to evaluate effects on MT dynamics. PlusTipTracker software was used to track EB3-labeled MT plus ends in order to measure MT growth speeds and MT growth lifetimes in time-lapse images. This methodology allows for the study of MT dynamics and the identification of how localized regulation of MT dynamics within sub-cellular regions contributes to the angiogenic processes of EC branching and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Braun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
| | - Nicole M Caesar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
| | - Kyvan Dang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia;
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Betz C, Lenard A, Belting HG, Affolter M. Cell behaviors and dynamics during angiogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2249-60. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.135616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular networks are formed and maintained through a multitude of angiogenic processes, such as sprouting, anastomosis and pruning. Only recently has it become possible to study the behavior of the endothelial cells that contribute to these networks at a single-cell level in vivo. This Review summarizes what is known about endothelial cell behavior during developmental angiogenesis, focusing on the morphogenetic changes that these cells undergo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Betz
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lenard
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
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Caviglia S, Brankatschk M, Fischer EJ, Eaton S, Luschnig S. Staccato/Unc-13-4 controls secretory lysosome-mediated lumen fusion during epithelial tube anastomosis. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:727-39. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yang C, Ohk J, Lee JY, Kim EJ, Kim J, Han S, Park D, Jung H, Kim C. Calmodulin Mediates Ca2+-Dependent Inhibition of Tie2 Signaling and Acts as a Developmental Brake During Embryonic Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1406-16. [PMID: 27199448 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis, the process of building complex vascular structures, begins with sprout formation on preexisting blood vessels, followed by extension of the vessels through proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Based on the potential therapeutic benefits of preventing angiogenesis in pathological conditions, many studies have focused on the mechanisms of its initiation as well as control. However, how the extension of vessels is terminated remains obscure. Thus, we investigated the negative regulation mechanism. APPROACH AND RESULTS We report that increased intracellular calcium can induce dephosphorylation of the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. The calcium-mediated dephosphorylation was found to be dependent on Tie2-calmodulin interaction. The Tyr1113 residue in the C-terminal end loop of the Tie2 kinase domain was mapped and found to be required for this interaction. Moreover, mutation of this residue into Phe impaired both the Tie2-calmodulin interaction and calcium-mediated Tie2 dephosphorylation. Furthermore, expressing a mutant Tie2 incapable of binding to calmodulin or inhibiting calmodulin function in vivo causes unchecked growth of the vasculature in Xenopus. Specifically, knockdown of Tie2 in Xenopus embryo retarded the sprouting and extension of intersomitic veins. Although human Tie2 expression in the Tie2-deficient animals almost completely rescued the retardation, the Tie2(Y1113F) mutant caused overgrowth of intersomitic veins with strikingly complex and excessive branching patterns. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the calcium/calmodulin-dependent negative regulation of Tie2 can be used as an inhibitory signal for vessel growth and branching to build proper vessel architecture during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansik Yang
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., J.Y.L., E.J.K., J.K., C.K.); School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., D.P.); Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.O., H.J.); and Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea (S.H.)
| | - Jiyeon Ohk
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., J.Y.L., E.J.K., J.K., C.K.); School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., D.P.); Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.O., H.J.); and Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea (S.H.)
| | - Ji Yeun Lee
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., J.Y.L., E.J.K., J.K., C.K.); School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., D.P.); Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.O., H.J.); and Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea (S.H.)
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., J.Y.L., E.J.K., J.K., C.K.); School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., D.P.); Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.O., H.J.); and Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea (S.H.)
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., J.Y.L., E.J.K., J.K., C.K.); School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., D.P.); Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.O., H.J.); and Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea (S.H.)
| | - Sangyeul Han
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., J.Y.L., E.J.K., J.K., C.K.); School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., D.P.); Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.O., H.J.); and Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea (S.H.)
| | - Dongeun Park
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., J.Y.L., E.J.K., J.K., C.K.); School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., D.P.); Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.O., H.J.); and Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea (S.H.)
| | - Hosung Jung
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., J.Y.L., E.J.K., J.K., C.K.); School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., D.P.); Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.O., H.J.); and Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea (S.H.).
| | - Chungho Kim
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., J.Y.L., E.J.K., J.K., C.K.); School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.Y., D.P.); Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.O., H.J.); and Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea (S.H.).
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Chappell JC, Cluceru JG, Nesmith JE, Mouillesseaux KP, Bradley VB, Hartland CM, Hashambhoy-Ramsay YL, Walpole J, Peirce SM, Mac Gabhann F, Bautch VL. Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) coordinates discrete stages of blood vessel formation. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:84-93. [PMID: 27142980 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In developing blood vessel networks, the overall level of vessel branching often correlates with angiogenic sprout initiations, but in some pathological situations, increased sprout initiations paradoxically lead to reduced vessel branching and impaired vascular function. We examine the hypothesis that defects in the discrete stages of angiogenesis can uniquely contribute to vessel branching outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Time-lapse movies of mammalian blood vessel development were used to define and quantify the dynamics of angiogenic sprouting. We characterized the formation of new functional conduits by classifying discrete sequential stages-sprout initiation, extension, connection, and stability-that are differentially affected by manipulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signalling via genetic loss of the receptor flt-1 (vegfr1). In mouse embryonic stem cell-derived vessels genetically lacking flt-1, overall branching is significantly decreased while sprout initiations are significantly increased. Flt-1(-/-) mutant sprouts are less likely to retract, and they form increased numbers of connections with other vessels. However, loss of flt-1 also leads to vessel collapse, which reduces the number of new stable conduits. Computational simulations predict that loss of flt-1 results in ectopic Flk-1 signalling in connecting sprouts post-fusion, causing protrusion of cell processes into avascular gaps and collapse of branches. Thus, defects in stabilization of new vessel connections offset increased sprout initiations and connectivity in flt-1(-/-) vascular networks, with an overall outcome of reduced numbers of new conduits. CONCLUSIONS These results show that VEGF-A signalling has stage-specific effects on vascular morphogenesis, and that understanding these effects on dynamic stages of angiogenesis and how they integrate to expand a vessel network may suggest new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chappell
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Julia G Cluceru
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica E Nesmith
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin P Mouillesseaux
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vanessa B Bradley
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Caitlin M Hartland
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hashambhoy-Ramsay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Joseph Walpole
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Papangeli I, Kim J, Maier I, Park S, Lee A, Kang Y, Tanaka K, Khan OF, Ju H, Kojima Y, Red-Horse K, Anderson DG, Siekmann AF, Chun HJ. MicroRNA 139-5p coordinates APLNR-CXCR4 crosstalk during vascular maturation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11268. [PMID: 27068353 PMCID: PMC4832062 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling, including that involving apelin (APLN) and its receptor APLNR, is known to be important in vascular development. How this ligand–receptor pair regulates the downstream signalling cascades in this context remains poorly understood. Here, we show that mice with Apln, Aplnr or endothelial-specific Aplnr deletion develop profound retinal vascular defects, which are at least in part due to dysregulated increase in endothelial CXCR4 expression. Endothelial CXCR4 is negatively regulated by miR-139-5p, whose transcription is in turn induced by laminar flow and APLN/APLNR signalling. Inhibition of miR-139-5p in vivo partially phenocopies the retinal vascular defects of APLN/APLNR deficiency. Pharmacological inhibition of CXCR4 signalling or augmentation of the miR-139-5p-CXCR4 axis can ameliorate the vascular phenotype of APLN/APLNR deficient state. Overall, we identify an important microRNA-mediated GPCR crosstalk, which plays a key role in vascular development. G protein-coupled receptors APLNR and CXCR4 are crucial for vascular development. Here, the authors show that these two signaling pathways communicate and that in response to blood flow APLNR signaling induces a decrease in CXCR4 expression via miR-139-5p, thereby restricting CXCR4 expression to the non-flow exposed tip cells in the retinal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irinna Papangeli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 7th Floor, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 7th Floor, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Inna Maier
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Saejeong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 7th Floor, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Aram Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Yujung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 7th Floor, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 7th Floor, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Omar F Khan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Hyekyung Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 7th Floor, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 7th Floor, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Arndt F Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Hyung J Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 7th Floor, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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Giverso C, Ciarletta P. Tumour angiogenesis as a chemo-mechanical surface instability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22610. [PMID: 26948692 PMCID: PMC4780075 DOI: 10.1038/srep22610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic conditions within avascular solid tumours may trigger the secretion of chemical factors, which diffuse to the nearby vasculature and promote the formation of new vessels eventually joining the tumour. Mathematical models of this process, known as tumour angiogenesis, have mainly investigated the formation of the new capillary networks using reaction-diffusion equations. Since angiogenesis involves the growth dynamics of the endothelial cells sprouting, we propose in this work an alternative mechanistic approach, developing a surface growth model for studying capillary formation and network dynamics. The model takes into account the proliferation of endothelial cells on the pre-existing capillary surface, coupled with the bulk diffusion of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The thermo-dynamical consistency is imposed by means of interfacial and bulk balance laws. Finite element simulations show that both the morphology and the dynamics of the sprouting vessels are controlled by the bulk diffusion of VEGF and the chemo-mechanical and geometric properties at the capillary interface. Similarly to dendritic growth processes, we suggest that the emergence of tree-like vessel structures during tumour angiogenesis may result from the free boundary instability driven by competition between chemical and mechanical phenomena occurring at different length-scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giverso
- Dipartimento di Matematica - MOX, Politecnico di Milano and
Fondazione CEN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133
Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ciarletta
- Dipartimento di Matematica - MOX, Politecnico di Milano and
Fondazione CEN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133
Milano, Italy
- CNRS and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC
Univ Paris 06, UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d’Alembert, 4 place
Jussieu case 162, 75005
Paris, France
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Hashimoto T, Tsuneki M, Foster TR, Santana JM, Bai H, Wang M, Hu H, Hanisch JJ, Dardik A. Membrane-mediated regulation of vascular identity. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART C, EMBRYO TODAY : REVIEWS 2016; 108:65-84. [PMID: 26992081 PMCID: PMC5310768 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular diseases span diverse pathology, but frequently arise from aberrant signaling attributed to specific membrane-associated molecules, particularly the Eph-ephrin family. Originally recognized as markers of embryonic vessel identity, Eph receptors and their membrane-associated ligands, ephrins, are now known to have a range of vital functions in vascular physiology. Interactions of Ephs with ephrins at cell-to-cell interfaces promote a variety of cellular responses such as repulsion, adhesion, attraction, and migration, and frequently occur during organ development, including vessel formation. Elaborate coordination of Eph- and ephrin-related signaling among different cell populations is required for proper formation of the embryonic vessel network. There is growing evidence supporting the idea that Eph and ephrin proteins also have postnatal interactions with a number of other membrane-associated signal transduction pathways, coordinating translation of environmental signals into cells. This article provides an overview of membrane-bound signaling mechanisms that define vascular identity in both the embryo and the adult, focusing on Eph- and ephrin-related signaling. We also discuss the role and clinical significance of this signaling system in normal organ development, neoplasms, and vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hashimoto
- The Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuneki
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Trenton R. Foster
- The Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeans M. Santana
- The Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hualong Bai
- The Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Mo Wang
- The Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Haidi Hu
- The Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jesse J. Hanisch
- The Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alan Dardik
- The Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
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Hasan SS, Siekmann AF. The same but different: signaling pathways in control of endothelial cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 36:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jagged mediates differences in normal and tumor angiogenesis by affecting tip-stalk fate decision. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3836-44. [PMID: 26153421 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511814112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical during development, wound repair, and cancer progression. During angiogenesis, some endothelial cells adopt a tip phenotype to lead the formation of new branching vessels; the trailing stalk cells proliferate to develop the vessel. Notch and VEGF signaling mediate the selection of these tip endothelial cells. However, how Jagged, a Notch ligand that is overexpressed in cancer, affects angiogenesis remains elusive. Here, by developing a theoretical framework for Notch-Delta-Jagged-VEGF signaling, we found that higher production levels of Jagged destabilizes the tip and stalk cell fates and can give rise to a hybrid tip/stalk phenotype that leads to poorly perfused and chaotic angiogenesis, which is a hallmark of cancer. Consistently, the signaling interactions that restrict Notch-Jagged signaling, such as Fringe, cis-inhibition, and increased production of Delta, stabilize tip and stalk fates and limit the existence of hybrid tip/stalk phenotype. Our results underline how overexpression of Jagged can transform physiological angiogenesis into pathological one.
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Meguenani M, Miljkovic-Licina M, Fagiani E, Ropraz P, Hammel P, Aurrand-Lions M, Adams RH, Christofori G, Imhof BA, Garrido-Urbani S. Junctional adhesion molecule B interferes with angiogenic VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling. FASEB J 2015; 29:3411-25. [PMID: 25911611 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
De novo formation of blood vessels is a pivotal mechanism during cancer development. During the past few years, antiangiogenic drugs have been developed to target tumor vasculature. However, because of limitations and adverse effects observed with current therapies, there is a strong need for alternative antiangiogenic strategies. Using specific anti-junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-B antibodies and Jam-b-deficient mice, we studied the role in antiangiogenesis of JAM-B. We found that antibodies against murine JAM-B, an endothelium-specific adhesion molecule, inhibited microvessel outgrowth from ex vivo aortic rings and in vitro endothelial network formation. In addition, anti-JAM-B antibodies blocked VEGF signaling, an essential pathway for angiogenesis. Moreover, increased aortic ring branching was observed in aortas isolated from Jam-b-deficient animals, suggesting that JAM-B negatively regulates proangiogenic pathways. In mice, JAM-B expression was detected in de novo-formed blood vessels of tumors, but anti-JAM-B antibodies unexpectedly did not reduce tumor growth. Accordingly, JAM-B deficiency in vivo had no impact on blood vessel formation, suggesting that targeting JAM-B in vivo may be offset by other proangiogenic mechanisms. In conclusion, despite the promising effects observed in vitro, targeting JAM-B during tumor progression seems to be inefficient as a stand-alone antiangiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Meguenani
- *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Münster, Germany; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marijana Miljkovic-Licina
- *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Münster, Germany; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ernesta Fagiani
- *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Münster, Germany; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patricia Ropraz
- *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Münster, Germany; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philippe Hammel
- *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Münster, Germany; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Münster, Germany; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Münster, Germany; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Christofori
- *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Münster, Germany; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beat A Imhof
- *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Münster, Germany; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Garrido-Urbani
- *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France; Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Münster, Germany; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Xu C, Hasan SS, Schmidt I, Rocha SF, Pitulescu ME, Bussmann J, Meyen D, Raz E, Adams RH, Siekmann AF. Arteries are formed by vein-derived endothelial tip cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5758. [PMID: 25502622 PMCID: PMC4275597 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue vascularization entails the formation of a blood vessel plexus, which remodels into arteries and veins. Here we show, by using time-lapse imaging of zebrafish fin regeneration and genetic lineage tracing of endothelial cells in the mouse retina, that vein-derived endothelial tip cells contribute to emerging arteries. Our movies uncover that arterial-fated tip cells change migration direction and migrate backwards within the expanding vascular plexus. This behaviour critically depends on chemokine receptor cxcr4a function. We show that the relevant Cxcr4a ligand Cxcl12a selectively accumulates in newly forming bone tissue even when ubiquitously overexpressed, pointing towards a tissue-intrinsic mode of chemokine gradient formation. Furthermore, we find that cxcr4a mutant cells can contribute to developing arteries when in association with wild-type cells, suggesting collective migration of endothelial cells. Together, our findings reveal specific cell migratory behaviours in the developing blood vessel plexus and uncover a conserved mode of artery formation. Sprouting of new blood vessels depends on the migration of endothelial tip cells into surrounding tissue. Here the authors reveal the existence of a distinct migratory signalling circuit that guides endothelial cells from developing veins to the leading tip position in developing arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Sana S Hasan
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Inga Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Susana F Rocha
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Mara E Pitulescu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Dana Meyen
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany [2] University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt F Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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