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Chen T, Xu Y, Xu X, Wang J, Qiu Z, Yu Y, Jiang X, Shao W, Bai D, Wang M, Mei S, Cheng T, Wu L, Gao S, Che X. Comprehensive transcriptional atlas of human adenomyosis deciphered by the integration of single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. Protein Cell 2024; 15:530-546. [PMID: 38486356 PMCID: PMC11214835 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis is a poorly understood gynecological disorder lacking effective treatments. Controversy persists regarding "invagination" and "metaplasia" theories. The endometrial-myometrial junction (EMJ) connects the endometrium and myometrium and is important for diagnosing and classifying adenomyosis, but its in-depth study is just beginning. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial profiling, we mapped transcriptional alterations across eutopic endometrium, lesions, and EMJ. Within lesions, we identified unique epithelial (LGR5+) and invasive stromal (PKIB+) subpopulations, along with WFDC1+ progenitor cells, supporting a complex interplay between "invagination" and "metaplasia" theories of pathogenesis. Further, we observed endothelial cell heterogeneity and abnormal angiogenic signaling involving vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin pathways. Cell-cell communication differed markedly between ectopic and eutopic endometrium, with aberrant signaling in lesions involving pleiotrophin, TWEAK, and WNT cascades. This study reveals unique stem cell-like and invasive cell subpopulations within adenomyosis lesions identified, dysfunctional signaling, and EMJ abnormalities critical to developing precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yiliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention of Shandong Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaocui Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Zhiruo Qiu
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yayuan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Wanqi Shao
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Dandan Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuyan Mei
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Che
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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2
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Gao M, Liu W, Li T, Song Z, Wang X, Zhang X. Identifying Genetic Signatures Associated with Oncogene-Induced Replication Stress in Osteosarcoma and Screening for Potential Targeted Drugs. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1690-1715. [PMID: 37672187 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor. Due to the lack of selectivity and sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells, coupled with the use of large doses, chemotherapy drugs often have systemic toxicity. The use of modern sequencing technology to screen tumor markers in a large number of tumor samples is a common method for screening highly specific and selective anti-tumor drugs. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers using the latest reported gene expression signatures of oncogene-induced replication stress (ORS) in aggressive cancers, and potential anti-osteosarcoma drugs were screened in different drug databases. In this study, we obtained 89 osteosarcoma-related samples in the TARGET database, all of which included survival information. According to the median expression of each of six reported ORS gene markers (NAT10/DDX27/ZNF48/C8ORF33/MOCS3/MPP6), we divided 89 osteosarcoma gene expression datasets into a high expression group and a low expression group and then performed a differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. The coexisting genes of 6 groups of DEGs were used as replication stress-related genes (RSGs) of osteosarcoma. Then, key RSGs were screened using LASSO regression, a Cox risk proportional regression prognostic model and a tenfold cross-validation test. GSE21257 datasets collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to verify the prognostic model. The final key RSGs selected were used in the L1000PWD and DGIdb databases to mine potential drugs. After further validation by the prognostic model, we identified seven genes associated with ORS in osteosarcoma as key RSGs, including transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2), solute carrier family 27 member 4 (SLC27A4), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), nucleolar protein 6 (NOL6), coiled-coil-coil-coil-coil-helix domain containing 4 (CHCHD4), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B (EIF3B), and synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 1 (SCO1). Then, we screened the seven key RSGs in two drug databases and found six potential anti-osteosarcoma drugs (D GIdb database: repaglinide, tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, and hydrochlorothiazide; L1000PWD database: the small molecule VU-0365117-1). Seven RSGs (TCF7L2, SLC27A4, PCSK5, NOL6, CHCHD4, EIF3B, and SCO1) may be associated with the ORS gene signatures in osteosarcoma. Repaglinide, tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, hydrochlorothiazide and the small molecule VU-0365117-1 are potential therapeutic drugs for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Weibo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - ZeLong Song
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - XiangYu Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, First Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - XueSong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Park SS, Lee YK, Choi YW, Lim SB, Park SH, Kim HK, Shin JS, Kim YH, Lee DH, Kim JH, Park TJ. Cellular senescence is associated with the spatial evolution toward a higher metastatic phenotype in colorectal cancer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113912. [PMID: 38446659 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explore the dynamic process of colorectal cancer progression, emphasizing the evolution toward a more metastatic phenotype. The term "evolution" as used in this study specifically denotes the phenotypic transition toward a higher metastatic potency from well-formed glandular structures to collective invasion, ultimately resulting in the development of cancer cell buddings at the invasive front. Our findings highlight the spatial correlation of this evolution with tumor cell senescence, revealing distinct types of senescent tumor cells (types I and II) that play different roles in the overall cancer progression. Type I senescent tumor cells (p16INK4A+/CXCL12+/LAMC2-/MMP7-) are identified in the collective invasion region, whereas type II senescent tumor cells (p16INK4A+/CXCL12+/LAMC2+/MMP7+), representing the final evolved form, are prominently located in the partial-EMT region. Importantly, type II senescent tumor cells associate with local invasion and lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer, potentially affecting patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Sang Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Yong Won Choi
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Korea; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Su Bin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Korea; Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Han Ki Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Department of Brain Science and Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jun Sang Shin
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Young Hwa Kim
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Korea; Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Korea; Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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4
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Li J, Geng H, Li X, Zou S, Xu X. RAD54B promotes gastric cancer cell migration and angiogenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Radiol Oncol 2024; 58:67-77. [PMID: 38378037 PMCID: PMC10878776 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2024-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is an epidemic malignancy that is commonly diagnosed at the late stage. Evidence has elucidated that RAD54B exerts a crucial role in the progress of various tumors, but its specific role and mechanism in gastric cancer remain gloomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The level of RAD54B was detected by western blot. RAD54B expression was downregulated or upregulated in both MKN45 and AGS cells by the transfection of shRAD54B or overexpression plasmid, respectively. The role of RAD54B in the growth, migration, invasion and tube formation of gastric cancer was evaluated by Edu, colony formation, transwell and tube formation assays. In addition, the molecular mechanism of RAD54B in gastric cancer was also determined by western blot. Moreover, in vivo experiment was conducted in xenografted mice. RESULTS The expression of RAD54B was discovered to be upregulated in gastric cancer based on the ATGC and GEPIA databases, which was also confirmed in gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, overexpression of RAD54B enhanced the growth, migration, invasion, tube formation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis in AGS and MKN45 cells. As expected, knockdown of RAD54B in AGS and MKN45 cells reversed these promotions. More importantly, in vivo assay also verified that RAD54B accelerated the growth of gastric cancer and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays demonstrated that RAD54B facilitated gastric cancer cell progress and angiogenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou TCM Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou TCM Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou TCM Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenshan Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou TCM Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xintao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou TCM Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kinowaki Y, Fukumura Y, Kawade G, Sugita K, Kinowaki K, Akahoshi K, Kobayashi M, Ono H, Kudo A, Tanabe M, Akashi T, Ohashi K, Kurata M. Gene expression profiling of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm. Gene 2024; 893:147916. [PMID: 37866661 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) are rare pancreatic malignant tumors, and comprehensive gene analyses are scarce. In this study, six NECs and six MiNENs were collected, immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, INSM1, Ki-67, and Rb was conducted, and KRAS mutational status was examined. Among these cases, comprehensive gene expression analysis of oncogene pathways using nCounter® were performed with six NECs and four MiNENs, and those data were compared with that of three pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs), with that of three normal pancreatic ducts, and with each other. By dividing NEC and MiNEN cases into KRAS-mutated group and KRAS-wild group, the difference of clinicopathological data and gene expression profiling data were examined between the two groups. Compared to the data of normal pancreatic epithelium, all 13 cancer-related pathways were upregulated in PDAC, MiNEN, and NEC group with more upregulation in this order. Compared to the data of PDAC, genes of DNA Damage repair pathway was most upregulated both in NECs and MiNENs. Regarding the difference between KRAS-mutated and KRAS-wild groups, several genes were differentially expressed between the two, where MMP7 was the upregulated gene with highest p-value and NKD1 was the downregulated gene with highest p-value in KRAS-mutated group. From the extent of upregulation of 13 pathways, MiNEN was considered more progressed stage than PDAC, and NEC was considered more progressed than MiNEN. From the comparison of KRAS-mutated and KRAS-wild NECs and MiNENs, several differentially expressed genes were identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kinowaki
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuki Fukumura
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genji Kawade
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sugita
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kinowaki
- Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morito Kurata
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Sampaio Moura N, Schledwitz A, Alizadeh M, Patil SA, Raufman JP. Matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colitis-associated cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1325095. [PMID: 38288108 PMCID: PMC10824561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1325095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic approaches for advanced CRC are limited and rarely provide long-term benefit. Enzymes comprising the 24-member matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases are key players in extracellular matrix degradation, a requirement for colon tumor expansion, invasion, and metastasis; hence, MMPs are an important research focus. Compared to sporadic CRC, less is known regarding the molecular mechanisms and the role of MMPs in the development and progression of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) - CRC on a background of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - primarily ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Hence, the potential of MMPs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CAC is uncertain. Our goal was to review data regarding the role of MMPs in the development and progression of CAC. We sought to identify promising prognostic and therapeutic opportunities and novel lines of investigation. A key observation is that since MMPs may be more active in early phases of CAC, using MMPs as biomarkers of advancing neoplasia and as potential therapeutic targets for adjuvant therapy in those with advanced stage primary CAC rather than overt metastases may yield more favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sampaio Moura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alyssa Schledwitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Madeline Alizadeh
- The Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seema A. Patil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Sosna B, Aebisher D, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Oleś P, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. Selected Cytokines and Metalloproteinases in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:202. [PMID: 38203373 PMCID: PMC10779120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for two diseases: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). There are many factors, e.g., genetic, environmental and immunological, that increase the likelihood of these diseases. Indicators of IBDs include extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this review is to present data on the role of selected cytokines and metalloproteinases in IBD. In recent years, more and more transcriptomic studies are emerging. These studies are improving the characterization of the cytokine microenvironment inside inflamed tissue. It is observed that the levels of several cytokines are consistently increased in inflamed tissue in IBD, both in UC and CD. This review shows that MMPs play a major role in the pathology of inflammatory processes, cancer, and IBD. IBD-associated inflammation is associated with increased expression of MMPs and reduced ability of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) to inhibit their action. In IBD patients in tissues that are inflamed, MMPs are produced in excess and TIMP activity is not sufficient to block MMPs. This review is based on our personal selection of the literature that was retrieved by a selective search in PubMed using the terms "Inflammatory bowel disease" and "pathogenesis of Inflammatory bowel diseases" that includes systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. The involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of IBD is reviewed in terms of the role of the cytokines and metalloproteinases involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sosna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Piotr Oleś
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
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8
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Pavičić I, Rokić F, Vugrek O. Effects of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Downregulation on Wnt Signaling Pathway in SW480 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16102. [PMID: 38003292 PMCID: PMC10671441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) deficiency results mainly in hypermethioninemia, developmental delay, and is potentially fatal. In order to shed new light on molecular aspects of AHCY deficiency, in particular any changes at transcriptome level, we enabled knockdown of AHCY expression in the colon cancer cell line SW480 to simulate the environment occurring in AHCY deficient individuals. The SW480 cell line is well known for elevated AHCY expression, and thereby represents a suitable model system, in particular as AHCY expression is regulated by MYC, which, on the other hand, is involved in Wnt signaling and the regulation of Wnt-related genes, such as the β-catenin co-transcription factor LEF1 (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1). We selected LEF1 as a potential target to investigate its association with S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency. This decision was prompted by our analysis of RNA-Seq data, which revealed significant changes in the expression of genes related to the Wnt signaling pathway and genes involved in processes responsible for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell proliferation. Notably, LEF1 emerged as a common factor in these processes, showing increased expression both on mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, we show alterations in interconnected signaling pathways linked to LEF1, causing gene expression changes with broad effects on cell cycle regulation, tumor microenvironment, and implications to cell invasion and metastasis. In summary, we provide a new link between AHCY deficiency and LEF1 serving as a mediator of changes to the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby indicating potential connections of AHCY expression and cancer cell phenotype, as Wnt signaling is frequently associated with cancer development, including colorectal cancer (CRC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oliver Vugrek
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Divison of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.P.); (F.R.)
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9
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Alvina FB, Chen TCY, Lim HYG, Barker N. Gastric epithelial stem cells in development, homeostasis and regeneration. Development 2023; 150:dev201494. [PMID: 37746871 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The stem/progenitor cell pool is indispensable for the development, homeostasis and regeneration of the gastric epithelium, owing to its defining ability to self-renew whilst supplying the various functional epithelial lineages needed to digest food efficiently. A detailed understanding of the intricacies and complexities surrounding the behaviours and roles of these stem cells offers insights, not only into the physiology of gastric epithelial development and maintenance, but also into the pathological consequences following aberrations in stem cell regulation. Here, we provide an insightful synthesis of the existing knowledge on gastric epithelial stem cell biology, including the in vitro and in vivo experimental techniques that have advanced such studies. We highlight the contributions of stem/progenitor cells towards patterning the developing stomach, specification of the differentiated cell lineages and maintenance of the mature epithelium during homeostasis and following injury. Finally, we discuss gaps in our understanding and identify key research areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelia B Alvina
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tanysha Chi-Ying Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Yi Grace Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nick Barker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117593, Republic of Singapore
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10
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Yu H, Zaveri S, Sattar Z, Schaible M, Perez Gandara B, Uddin A, McGarvey LR, Ohlmeyer M, Geraghty P. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1552. [PMID: 37763671 PMCID: PMC10535831 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
New disease targets and medicinal chemistry approaches are urgently needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a complex heterotrimeric enzyme that regulates dephosphorylation of serine and threonine residues from many proteins, is observed in multiple pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Loss of PP2A responses is linked to many mechanisms associated with disease progressions, such as senescence, proliferation, inflammation, corticosteroid resistance, enhanced protease responses, and mRNA stability. Therefore, chemical restoration of PP2A may represent a novel treatment for these diseases. This review outlines the potential impact of reduced PP2A activity in pulmonary diseases, endogenous and exogenous inhibitors of PP2A, details the possible PP2A-dependent mechanisms observed in these conditions, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment. Substantial medicinal chemistry efforts are underway to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of specific activators of PP2A that selectively target PP2A holoenzymes could improve our understanding of the function of PP2A in pulmonary diseases. This may lead to the development of therapeutics for restoring normal PP2A responses within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Yu
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Sahil Zaveri
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Zeeshan Sattar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Michael Schaible
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Brais Perez Gandara
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Anwar Uddin
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Lucas R. McGarvey
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
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11
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Song H, Sontz RA, Vance MJ, Morris JM, Sheriff S, Zhu S, Duan S, Zeng J, Koeppe E, Pandey R, Thorne CA, Stoffel EM, Merchant JL. High-fat diet plus HNF1A variant promotes polyps by activating β-catenin in early-onset colorectal cancer. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167163. [PMID: 37219942 PMCID: PMC10371337 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) is rising and is poorly understood. Lifestyle factors and altered genetic background possibly contribute. Here, we performed targeted exon sequencing of archived leukocyte DNA from 158 EO-CRC participants, which identified a missense mutation at p.A98V within the proximal DNA binding domain of Hepatic Nuclear Factor 1 α (HNF1AA98V, rs1800574). The HNF1AA98V exhibited reduced DNA binding. To test function, the HNF1A variant was introduced into the mouse genome by CRISPR/Cas9, and the mice were placed on either a high-fat diet (HFD) or high-sugar diet (HSD). Only 1% of the HNF1A mutant mice developed polyps on normal chow; however, 19% and 3% developed polyps on the HFD and HSD, respectively. RNA-Seq revealed an increase in metabolic, immune, lipid biogenesis genes, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling components in the HNF1A mutant relative to the WT mice. Mouse polyps and colon cancers from participants carrying the HNF1AA98V variant exhibited reduced CDX2 and elevated β-catenin proteins. We further demonstrated decreased occupancy of HNF1AA98V at the Cdx2 locus and reduced Cdx2 promoter activity compared with WT HNF1A. Collectively, our study shows that the HNF1AA98V variant plus a HFD promotes the formation of colonic polyps by activating β-catenin via decreasing Cdx2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Ricky A. Sontz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Matthew J. Vance
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Julia M. Morris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sulaiman Sheriff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Songli Zhu
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzann Duan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Jiping Zeng
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ritu Pandey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Curtis A. Thorne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Elena M. Stoffel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Juanita L. Merchant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
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12
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Mahmoudian RA, Akhlaghipour I, Lotfi M, Shahidsales S, Moghbeli M. Circular RNAs as the pivotal regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastrointestinal tumor cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154472. [PMID: 37087995 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, as the most common human malignancies are always considered one of the most important health challenges in the world. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate and treatment failure in these patients. Therefore, investigating the molecular pathways involved in GI tumor progression is required to introduce the efficient markers for the early tumor diagnosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the main cellular mechanisms involved in the GI tumor metastasis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of the main regulatory factors in EMT process. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of covalently closed loop ncRNAs that have higher stability in body fluids compared with other ncRNAs. Considering the importance of circRNAs in regulation of EMT process, in the present review we discussed the role of circRNAs in EMT process during GI tumor invasion. It has been reported that circRNAs mainly affect the EMT process through the regulation of EMT-specific transcription factors and signaling pathways such as WNT, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and MAPK. This review can be an effective step in introducing a circRNA/EMT based diagnostic panel marker for the early tumor detection among GI cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Lotfi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Selvarathinam K, Subramani P, Thekkumalai M, Vilwanathan R, Selvarajan R, Abia ALK. Wnt Signaling Pathway Collapse upon β-Catenin Destruction by a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide SKACP003: Unveiling the Molecular Mechanism and Genetic Activities Using Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030930. [PMID: 36770598 PMCID: PMC9920962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in breast cancer treatment, the survival rate for patients with metastatic breast cancer remains low due to chemotherapeutic agent resistance and the lack of specificity of the current generation of cancer drugs. Our previous findings indicated that the antimicrobial peptide SKACP003 exhibited anticancer properties, particularly against the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism of SKACP003-induced cancer cell death is unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which SKACP003 inhibits the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in breast cancer cell lines. The results revealed that all the breast cancer cell lines treated at their IC50 values significantly inhibited the replicative phase of the cell cycle. The SKACP003-induced growth inhibition induced apoptosis, as evidenced by a decrease in BCL-2 and an increase in BAX and caspase gene (Cas-3, Cas-8, and Cas-9) expression. Reduced expression of the β-Catenin signaling pathway was associated with the SKACP003-induced apoptosis. SKACP003-treated breast cancer cells showed decreased expression of Wnt/β-Catenin targeting genes such as C-Myc, P68, and COX-2 and significant downregulation of CDK-4 and CDK-6 genes. Furthermore, cytoplasmic β-catenin protein levels in SKACP003-treated cell lines were significantly lower than in control cell lines. The results of the current study suggest that the newly identified antimicrobial peptide SKACP003 has great potential as a candidate for specifically targeting the β-catenin and thus significantly reducing the progression and prognosis of breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanitha Selvarathinam
- Department of Biochemistry, J.J. College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Pudukkottai 622422, Tamilnadu, India
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (A.L.K.A.)
| | - Prabhu Subramani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 622422, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Ravikumar Vilwanathan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 622422, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramganesh Selvarajan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida—Campus, Florida Park, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa
- Laboratory of Extraterrestrial Ocean Systems (LEOS), Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Sanya 572000, China
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida—Campus, Florida Park, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa
- Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, South Africa
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (A.L.K.A.)
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14
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Mokgautsi N, Kuo YC, Huang YJ, Chen CH, Mukhopadhyay D, Wu ATH, Huang HS. Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Small Molecule LCC-21 to Suppress Colorectal Cancer Malignancy by Inhibiting Angiogenic and Metastatic Signatures. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020266. [PMID: 36672201 PMCID: PMC9856425 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, and it frequently metastasizes to the liver and lymph nodes. Despite major advances in treatment modalities, CRC remains a poorly characterized biological malignancy, with high reported cases of deaths globally. Moreover, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their microenvironment have been widely shown to promote colon cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Therefore, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of CSCs and their markers in CRC is crucial in efforts to treat cancer metastasis and develop specific therapeutic targets for augmenting current standard treatments. Herein, we applied computational simulations using bioinformatics to identify potential theranostic markers for CRC. We identified the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor-α (VEGFA)/β-catenin/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7/Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44) in CRC to be associated with cancer progression, stemness, resistance to therapy, metastasis, and poor clinical outcomes. To further investigate, we explored in silico molecular docking, which revealed potential inhibitory activities of LCC-21 as a potential multitarget small molecule for VEGF-A/CTNNB1/MMP7/CD44 oncogenic signatures, with the highest binding affinities displayed. We validated these finding in vitro and demonstrated that LCC-21 inhibited colony and sphere formation, migration, and invasion, and these results were further confirmed by a Western blot analysis in HCT116 and DLD-1 cells. Thus, the inhibitory effects of LCC-21 on these angiogenic and onco-immunogenic signatures could be of translational relevance as potential CRC biomarkers for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntlotlang Mokgautsi
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jiun Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsin Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, WanFang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 111 Sec. 3 Xinglong Rd., Wenshan Dist., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Alexander T. H. Wu
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (A.T.H.W.); (H.-S.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2697-2035 (ext. 112) (A.T.H.W.); +886-2-6638-2736 (ext. 1377) (H.-S.H.)
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (A.T.H.W.); (H.-S.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2697-2035 (ext. 112) (A.T.H.W.); +886-2-6638-2736 (ext. 1377) (H.-S.H.)
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15
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Kwon M, Rubio G, Wang H, Riedlinger G, Adem A, Zhong H, Slegowski D, Post-Zwicker L, Chidananda A, Schrump DS, Pine SR, Libutti SK. Smoking-associated Downregulation of FILIP1L Enhances Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression Through Mucin Production, Inflammation, and Fibrosis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1197-1213. [PMID: 36860703 PMCID: PMC9973389 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the major subtype in lung cancer, and cigarette smoking is essentially linked to its pathogenesis. We show that downregulation of Filamin A interacting protein 1-like (FILIP1L) is a driver of LUAD progression. Cigarette smoking causes its downregulation by promoter methylation in LUAD. Loss of FILIP1L increases xenograft growth, and, in lung-specific knockout mice, induces lung adenoma formation and mucin secretion. In syngeneic allograft tumors, reduction of FILIP1L and subsequent increase in its binding partner, prefoldin 1 (PFDN1) increases mucin secretion, proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Importantly, from the RNA-sequencing analysis of these tumors, reduction of FILIP1L is associated with upregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which has been implicated in proliferation of cancer cells as well as inflammation and fibrosis within the tumor microenvironment. Overall, these findings suggest that down-regulation of FILIP1L is clinically relevant in LUAD, and warrant further efforts to evaluate pharmacologic regimens that either directly or indirectly restore FILIP1L-mediated gene regulation for the treatment of these neoplasms. Significance This study identifies FILIP1L as a tumor suppressor in LUADs and demonstrates that downregulation of FILIP1L is a clinically relevant event in the pathogenesis and clinical course of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Kwon
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Genesaret Rubio
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Haitao Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory Riedlinger
- Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Asha Adem
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Hua Zhong
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel Slegowski
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | | | - David S. Schrump
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharon R. Pine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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16
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Yang J, Hu Y, Zhang B, Liang X, Li X. The JMJD Family Histone Demethylases in Crosstalk Between Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881396. [PMID: 35558079 PMCID: PMC9090529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has emerged as a key player in regulating cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutics, acting as a double edged sword either facilitating cancer progression and therapeutic resistance or inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Accumulating evidence has linked the epigenetic modifications of histones to inflammation and cancer, and histone modifications-based strategies have shown promising therapeutic potentials against cancer. The jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) family histone demethylases have exhibited multiple regulator functions in inflammatory processes and cancer development, and a number of therapeutic strategies targeting JMJD histone demethylases to modulate inflammatory cells and their products have been successfully evaluated in clinical or preclinical tumor models. This review summarizes current understanding of the functional roles and mechanisms of JMJD histone demethylases in crosstalk between inflammation and cancer, and highlights recent clinical and preclinical progress on harnessing the JMJD histone demethylases to regulate cancer-related inflammation for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Neogi K, Murumkar PR, Sharma P, Yadav P, Tewari M, Karunagaran D, Nayak PK, Yadav MR. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 4,7-disubstituted 8-methoxyquinazoline derivatives as potential cytotoxic agents targeting β-catenin/TCF4 signaling pathway. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101395. [PMID: 35325837 PMCID: PMC8938628 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by accumulated β-catenin in the nucleus has been shown to play a crucial role in the etiology of cancer. Interaction of β-catenin with Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is a key step for the activation of Wnt genes in response to upstream signals of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Hence, down regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling or targeting downstream events by selective β-catenin/TCF4 protein-protein interaction inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic strategy against such cancers. In this study structure-based drug design approach was followed to design novel 4,7-disubstituted 8-methoxyquinazoline-based derivatives which could act as potential cytotoxic agents inhibiting the β-catenin/TCF4 protein-protein interactions. Fifteen compounds possessing 4,7-disubstituted 8-methoxyquinazoline scaffold were synthesized. Cytotoxic potential of the synthesised derivatives were determined against constitutively activated β-catenin/TCF4 signaling pathway cancer cells (HCT116 and HepG2) using the sulforhodamine B assay. The most potent compound (18B) was selected for detailed biological evaluation. Cell morphology, Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V/PI staining were used to detect apoptosis, while inhibition of cell migration was assessed by in vitro wound healing assay against HCT116 and HepG2 cells. Effect on β-catenin/TCF mediated transcriptional activity was assessed by TOPFlash/FOPFlash assay, TCF4 and β-catenin protein expression by immunocytofluorescence, and Wnt target genes (like c-MYC and Cyclin D1) mRNA levels by RT-PCR against HCT116 cells. Cytotoxic potency of the most potential compound (18B) against primary human gallbladder cancer cells was also evaluated. The derivatives showed interactions with active site residues of β-catenin and were capable of hindering the TCF4 binding, thereby disrupting β-catenin/TCF4 interactions. Cytotoxic potencies (IC50) of these derivatives ranged from 5.64 ± 0.68 to 23.18 ± 0.45 μM against HCT116 and HepG2 cells respectively. Compound (18B), the most potent compound among the series, induced apoptosis and inhibited cell migration against HCT116 and HepG2 cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that compound (18B) downregulated β-catenin/TCF4 signaling pathway, β-catenin and TCF4 protein expression, and mRNA levels of c-MYC andCyclin D1 in HCT116 cells and showed cytotoxicity against primary human gallbladder cancer cells with IC50 value of 8.50 ± 1.44 μM. Thus, novel 4,7-disubstituted 8-methoxyquinazoline derivatives were identified as potential cytotoxic agents with potencies comparable to that of imatinib mesylate. Compound (18B) represents a promising lead molecule as anticancer agent against colon, hepatocellular and gallbladder cancers targeting β-catenin/TCF4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Neogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technorlogy, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant R Murumkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanshu Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mallika Tewari
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devarajan Karunagaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technorlogy, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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18
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Liu BH, Liu GB, Zhang BB, Shen J, Xie LL, Liu XQ, Yao W, Dong R, Bi YL, Dong KR. Tumor Suppressive Role of MUC6 in Wilms Tumor via Autophagy-Dependent β-Catenin Degradation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:756117. [PMID: 35574418 PMCID: PMC9097904 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.756117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children. Known gene mutations account for about 40% of all wilms tumor cases, but the full map of genetic mutations in wilms tumor is far from clear. Whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed in 5 pairs of wilms tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues to figure out important genetic mutations. Gene knock-down, CRISPR-induced mutations were used to investigate their potential effects in cell lines and in-vivo xenografted model. Mutations in seven novel genes (MUC6, GOLGA6L2, GPRIN2, MDN1, MUC4, OR4L1 and PDE4DIP) occurred in more than one patient. The most prevalent mutation was found in MUC6, which had 7 somatic exonic variants in 4 patients. In addition, TaqMan assay and immunoblot confirmed that MUC6 expression was reduced in WT tissues when compared with control tissues. Moreover, the results of MUC6 knock-down assay and CRISPR-induced MUC6 mutations showed that MUC6 inhibited tumor aggression via autophagy-dependent β-catenin degradation while its mutations attenuated tumor-suppressive effects of MUC6. Seven novel mutated genes (MUC6, GOLGA6L2, GPRIN2, MDN1, MUC4, OR4L1 and PDE4DIP) were found in WT, among which MUC6 was the most prevalent one. MUC6 acted as a tumor suppressive gene through autophagy dependent β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun-Li Bi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui-Ran Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Thalor A, Kumar Joon H, Singh G, Roy S, Gupta D. Machine learning assisted analysis of breast cancer gene expression profiles reveals novel potential prognostic biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1618-1631. [PMID: 35465161 PMCID: PMC9014315 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity and the unclear metastasis mechanisms are the leading cause for the unavailability of effective targeted therapy for Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a breast cancer (BrCa) subtype characterized by high mortality and high frequency of distant metastasis cases. The identification of prognostic biomarker can improve prognosis and personalized treatment regimes. Herein, we collected gene expression datasets representing TNBC and Non-TNBC BrCa. From the complete dataset, a subset reflecting solely known cancer driver genes was also constructed. Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) was employed to identify top 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 gene signatures that differentiate TNBC from the other BrCa subtypes. Five machine learning algorithms were employed on these selected features and on the basis of model performance evaluation, it was found that for the complete and driver dataset, XGBoost performs the best for a subset of 25 and 20 genes, respectively. Out of these 45 genes from the two datasets, 34 genes were found to be differentially regulated. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis for Distant Metastasis Free Survival (DMFS) of these 34 differentially regulated genes revealed four genes, out of which two are novel that could be potential prognostic genes (POU2AF1 and S100B). Finally, interactome and pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to investigate the functional role of the identified potential prognostic genes in TNBC. These genes are associated with MAPK, PI3-AkT, Wnt, TGF-β, and other signal transduction pathways, pivotal in metastasis cascade. These gene signatures can provide novel molecular-level insights into metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Thalor
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Joon
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shikha Roy
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Corresponding author at: Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India.
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20
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Zheng C, Liu M, Ge Y, Qian Y, Fan H. HBx increases chromatin accessibility and ETV4 expression to regulate dishevelled-2 and promote HCC progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:116. [PMID: 35121725 PMCID: PMC8816937 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the predominant causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV X protein (HBx), as the most frequently integrated viral gene sequence following HBV infection, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCC. H3K27ac is a characteristic marker for identifying active enhancers and even indicates chromatin accessibility associated with super-enhancers (SEs). In this study, H3K27ac ChIP-seq was applied for high-quality SE annotation of HBx-induced SEs and chromatin accessibility evaluation. The results indicated that HBx preferentially affects enrichment of H3K27ac in transcription factor signaling pathway genes, including ETV4. RNA-seq indicated that ETV4 is upregulated by HBx and that upregulated ETV4 promotes HCC progression. Interestingly, ETV4 was also included in the 568 cancer driver gene pool obtained by the Integrative OncoGenomics pipeline. However, the biological function and mechanism of ETV4 remain incompletely understood. In vivo and in vitro, we found that increased ETV4 expression promotes HCC cell migration and invasion by upregulating DVL2 and activating Wnt/β-catenin. The mRNA and protein levels of ETV4 are higher in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues, and high expression of ETV4 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. In summary, we first confirm that ETV4 is significantly upregulated by HBx and involved in SE-associated chromatin accessibility. Increased expression of ETV4 promotes HCC cell invasion and metastasis by upregulating DVL2. The present study provides insight into the ETV4-DVL2-β-catenin axis in HBV-related HCC, which will be helpful for treating patients with aggressive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqian Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanping Ge
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Nayak P, Neogi K, Tewari M, Singh A, Sharma K, Tej GVC, Verma S, Gupta S. Transcription factor 4 expression and correlation with tumor progression in gallbladder cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:668-676. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1381_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Ji Y, Lv J, Sun D, Huang Y. Therapeutic strategies targeting Wnt/β‑catenin signaling for colorectal cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:1. [PMID: 34713301 PMCID: PMC8589460 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common carcinomas. Although great progress has been made in recent years, CRC survival remains unsatisfactory due to high metastasis and recurrence. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis has become increasingly important. Recently, aberrant Wnt/β‑catenin signaling has been reported to be strongly associated with CRC tumorigenesis, metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway has potential value as a therapeutic target for CRC. In the present review, the dysregulation of this pathway in CRC and the promoting or suppressing function of therapeutic targets on CRC were explored. In addition, the interaction between this pathway and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell stemness, mutations, metastasis‑related genes and tumor angiogenesis in CRC cells were also investigated. Numerous studies on this pathway may help identify the potential diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
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23
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Wijewantha N, Eikanger MM, Antony RM, Potts RA, Rezvani K, Sereda G. Targeting Colon Cancer Cells with Enzyme-Triggered Casein-Gated Release of Cargo from Mesoporous Silica-Based Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2353-2365. [PMID: 34672618 PMCID: PMC8776503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widely diagnosed cancers worldwide. Despite notable improvements in therapeutic strategies available to CRC patients, late stages of CRC have a higher incidence rate of drug resistance, which is associated with a higher mortality rate. The development of therapeutic strategies that use nanoparticles as a drug delivery system has become one of the most promising potential approaches for cancer therapy. Previous studies have shown that a natural plant alkaloid, veratridine (VTD), suppresses colon cancer cell migration and invasion, two essential factors in tumor metastasis, through activation of the gene that encodes the tumor-suppressor protein UBXN2A. The goal of this study is to develop a nanoassembly to selectively deliver VTD to cancer cells and release it on demand while leaving normal cells intact. We packaged the targeted therapy anticancer molecule VTD inside mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) impermeable to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and with selective affinity to CRC cells and sealed the VTD-loaded nanoparticles with an enzymatically cleavable protein. The particles will deliver and release VTD only at the targeted colorectal tumor sites. Since the enzyme MMP-7 protease is dominantly secreted by CRC cells, the release triggered by the enzymes will increase VTD concentration at tumor cells, enhancing the efficiency of the new therapy. We have proven the selective affinity of two types of VTD-carrying particles to CRC cells and enzyme- or acid-triggered VTD release. Negatively surface-charged MSNs showed significant affinity toward positively charged cancer cells but not negatively charged normal fibroblast colon cells, making VTD-MSNs a promising anticancer drug with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisitha Wijewantha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Morgan M Eikanger
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Ryan M Antony
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Rashaun A Potts
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Khosrow Rezvani
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Grigoriy Sereda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
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24
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Novoa Díaz MB, Carriere PM, Martín MJ, Calvo N, Gentili C. Involvement of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in the aggressive phenotype of colorectal cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7025-7040. [PMID: 34887626 PMCID: PMC8613645 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i41.7025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of mortality from malignant diseases worldwide. In general terms, CRC presents high heterogeneity due to the influence of different genetic and environmental factors; also, the neoplastic cells are strongly influenced by the extracellular matrix and several surrounding cells, known together as the tumor microenvironment (TME). Bidirectional communication takes place between the tumor and the TME through the release of autocrine and paracrine factors. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is a cytokine secreted by a wide variety of tissues and is able to regulate several cellular functions both in physiological as well as in pathological processes. It exerts its effects as a paracrine/autocrine factor, although its mode of action is mainly paracrine. It has been shown that this peptide is expressed by several tumors and that the tumor secretion of PTHrP is responsible for the malignant humoral hypercalcemia. Eight years ago, when our research group started studying PTHrP effects in the experimental models derived from intestinal tumors, the literature available at the time addressing the effects of PTHrP on colorectal tumors was limited, and no articles had been published regarding to the paracrine action of PTHrP in CRC cells. Based on this and on our previous findings regarding the role of PTH in CRC cells, our purpose in recent years has been to explore the role of PTHrP in CRC. We analyzed the behavior of CRC cells treated with exogenous PTHrP, focalizing in the study of the following events: Survival, cell cycle progression and proliferation, migration, chemoresistance, tumor-associated angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition program and other events also associated with invasion, such us the induction of cancer stem cells features. This work summarizes the major findings obtained by our investigation group using in vitro and in vivo CRC models that evidence the participation of PTHrP in the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype of CRC cells and the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Recently, we found that this cytokine induces this malignant behavior not only by its direct action on these intestinal cells but also through its influence on cells derived from TME, promoting a communication between CRC cells and surrounding cells that contributes to the molecular and morphological changes observed in CRC cells. These investigations establish the basis for our next studies in order to address the clinical applicability of our findings. Recognizing the factors and mechanisms that promote invasion in CRC cells, evasion to the cytotoxic effects of current CRC therapies and thus metastasis is decisive for the identification of new markers with the potential to improve early diagnosis and/or to predict prognosis, to predetermine drug resistance and to provide treatment guidelines that include targeted therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Matías Carriere
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julia Martín
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Calvo
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Song F, Chen FY, Wu SY, Hu B, Liang XL, Yang HQ, Cheng JW, Wang PX, Guo W, Zhou J, Fan J, Chen Z, Yang XR. Mucin 1 promotes tumor progression through activating WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:6937-6947. [PMID: 34729096 PMCID: PMC8558653 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Current treatment options for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are limited by the lack of understanding of the disease pathogenesis. It has been known that mucin 1 (MUC1) is a cell surface mucin that highly expressed in various cancer tissues. However, its role in ICC has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of MUC1 in ICC. Methods: qRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to examine MUC1 expression. RNA-Seq (RNA Sequencing) s conducted to explore the RNA expression. A tissue microarray study including 214 ICC cases was also conducted to evaluate the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of MUC1. The role and underlying mechanisms of MUC1 in regulating cell growth and invasion were further explored both in vitro and in vivo models. Results: The mRNA and protein levels of MUC1 were significantly up-regulated in ICC compared to paired non-tumor tissues. Depletion of MUC1 in HCCC9810 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and overexpression of MUC1 in RBE cells resulted in increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Both univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the protein expression of MUC1 was associated with overall survival and relapse-free survival after tumor resection. Clinically, high MUC1 expression was more commonly observed in aggressive tumors. Further studies indicated that MUC1 exerted its function through activating Wnt/ β-catenin pathway. Conclusions: Our data suggests that MUC1 promoted ICC progression via activating Wnt / β-catenin pathway. This study not only deciphered the role of MUC in ICC pathogenesis, but also shed light upon identifying novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Yu Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Sui-Yi Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Qin Yang
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210018, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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26
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Jeon JI, Lee KH, Kim JM. Bacteroides fragilis Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111817. [PMID: 34769248 PMCID: PMC8583974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin (BFT) produced by enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) causes colonic inflammation. BFT initially contacts intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and affects the intestinal barrier. Although molecular components of the gut epithelial barrier such as metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and syndecan-2 are known to be associated with inflammation, little has been reported about MMP-7 expression and syndecan-2 shedding in response to ETBF infection. This study explores the role of BFT in MMP-7 induction and syndecan-2 release in IECs. Stimulating IECs with BFT led to the induction of MMP-7 and the activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1. MMP-7 upregulation was not affected by NF-κB, but it was related to AP-1 activation. In BFT-exposed IECs, syndecan-2 release was observed in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. MMP-7 suppression was associated with a reduction in syndecan-2 release. In addition, suppression of ERK, one of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), inhibited AP-1 activity and MMP-7 expression. Furthermore, the suppression of AP-1 and ERK activity was related to the attenuation of syndecan-2 release. These results suggest that a signaling cascade comprising ERK and AP-1 activation in IECs is involved in MMP-7 upregulation and syndecan-2 release during exposure to BFT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Correspondence: (K.H.L.); (J.M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2220-0642 (K.H.L.); +82-2-2220-0645 (J.M.K.); Fax: +82-2-2282-0645 (K.H.L.); +82-2-2282-0645 (J.M.K.)
| | - Jung Mogg Kim
- Correspondence: (K.H.L.); (J.M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2220-0642 (K.H.L.); +82-2-2220-0645 (J.M.K.); Fax: +82-2-2282-0645 (K.H.L.); +82-2-2282-0645 (J.M.K.)
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27
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Therapeutic Effects of Polyphenols on the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer by Regulating Wnt β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3619510. [PMID: 34621313 PMCID: PMC8492275 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3619510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide in terms of both its rates of incidence and mortality. Due to serious side effects associated with conventional chemotherapeutic treatments, many natural products with fewer adverse side effects have been considered as potential treatment options. In fact, many natural products have widely been used in various phases of clinical trials for CRC, as well as in in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. Curcumin (CUR) and resveratrol (RES) are classified as natural polyphenolic compounds that have been demonstrated to have anticancer activity against CRC and are associated with minimal side effects. By regulating select target genes involved in several key signaling pathways in CRC, in particular, the Wnt β-catenin signaling cascade, the course of CRC may be positively altered. In the current review, we focused on the therapeutic effects of CUR and RES in CRC as they pertain to modulation of the Wnt β-catenin signaling pathway.
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28
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Uhlitz F, Bischoff P, Peidli S, Sieber A, Trinks A, Lüthen M, Obermayer B, Blanc E, Ruchiy Y, Sell T, Mamlouk S, Arsie R, Wei T, Klotz‐Noack K, Schwarz RF, Sawitzki B, Kamphues C, Beule D, Landthaler M, Sers C, Horst D, Blüthgen N, Morkel M. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activity drives cell trajectories in colorectal cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14123. [PMID: 34409732 PMCID: PMC8495451 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer, oncogenic mutations transform a hierarchically organized and homeostatic epithelium into invasive cancer tissue lacking visible organization. We sought to define transcriptional states of colorectal cancer cells and signals controlling their development by performing single-cell transcriptome analysis of tumors and matched non-cancerous tissues of twelve colorectal cancer patients. We defined patient-overarching colorectal cancer cell clusters characterized by differential activities of oncogenic signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase and oncogenic traits such as replication stress. RNA metabolic labeling and assessment of RNA velocity in patient-derived organoids revealed developmental trajectories of colorectal cancer cells organized along a mitogen-activated protein kinase activity gradient. This was in contrast to normal colon organoid cells developing along graded Wnt activity. Experimental targeting of EGFR-BRAF-MEK in cancer organoids affected signaling and gene expression contingent on predictive KRAS/BRAF mutations and induced cell plasticity overriding default developmental trajectories. Our results highlight directional cancer cell development as a driver of non-genetic cancer cell heterogeneity and re-routing of trajectories as a response to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Uhlitz
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- IRI Life SciencesHumboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site BerlinGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Philip Bischoff
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Stefan Peidli
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- IRI Life SciencesHumboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Anja Sieber
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- IRI Life SciencesHumboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Alexandra Trinks
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- BIH Bioportal Single CellsBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Mareen Lüthen
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site BerlinGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics (CUBI)Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin – BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Eric Blanc
- Core Unit Bioinformatics (CUBI)Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin – BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Yana Ruchiy
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Sell
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- IRI Life SciencesHumboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Soulafa Mamlouk
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site BerlinGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Roberto Arsie
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB)BerlinGermany
| | - Tzu‐Ting Wei
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB)BerlinGermany
| | - Kathleen Klotz‐Noack
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Institute of Medical ImmunologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Roland F Schwarz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB)BerlinGermany
- BIFOLD – Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and DataBerlinGermany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical ImmunologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Carsten Kamphues
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site BerlinGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of SurgeryCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics (CUBI)Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin – BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB)BerlinGermany
| | - Christine Sers
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site BerlinGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site BerlinGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- IRI Life SciencesHumboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site BerlinGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site BerlinGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- BIH Bioportal Single CellsBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
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Kim MS, Ha SE, Wu M, Zogg H, Ronkon CF, Lee MY, Ro S. Extracellular Matrix Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179185. [PMID: 34502094 PMCID: PMC8430714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment composition and changes therein play an extremely important role in cancer development. Changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which constitutes a majority of the tumor stroma, significantly contribute to the development of the tumor microenvironment. These alterations within the ECM and formation of the tumor microenvironment ultimately lead to tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. The ECM is composed of various molecules such as collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, and the MMPs that cleave these protein fibers and play a central role in tissue remodeling. When healthy cells undergo an insult like DNA damage and become cancerous, if the ECM does not support these neoplastic cells, further development, invasion, and metastasis fail to occur. Therefore, ECM-related cancer research is indispensable, and ECM components can be useful biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. Colorectal cancer specifically, is also affected by the ECM and many studies have been conducted to unravel the complex association between the two. Here we summarize the importance of several ECM components in colorectal cancer as well as their potential roles as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Kim
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Se-Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Hannah Zogg
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Charles F. Ronkon
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Moon-Young Lee
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.L.); (S.R.)
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Predicting Agents That Can Overcome 5-FU Resistance in Colorectal Cancers via Pharmacogenomic Analysis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080882. [PMID: 34440086 PMCID: PMC8389646 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of several chemotherapeutic agents in clinical use as a standard of care to treat colorectal cancers (CRCs). As an antimetabolite, 5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase to disrupt the synthesis and repair of DNA and RNA. However, only a small proportion of patients benefit from 5-FU treatment due to the development of drug resistance. This study applied pharmacogenomic analysis using two public resources, the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and the Connectivity Map, to predict agents overcoming 5-FU resistance in CRC cells based on their genetic background or gene expression profile. Based on the genetic status of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the most frequent mutated gene found in CRC, we found that combining a MEK inhibitor with 5-FU exhibited synergism effects on CRC cells with APC truncations. While considering the gene expression in 5-FU resistant cells, we demonstrated that targeting ROCK is a potential avenue to restore 5-FU response to resistant cells with wild-type APC background. Our results reveal MEK signaling plays a pivotal role in loss-of-function, APC-mediated 5-FU resistance, and ROCK activation serves as a signature in APC-independent 5-FU resistance. Through the use of these available database resources, we highlight possible approaches to predict potential drugs for combinatorial therapy for patients developing resistance to 5-FU treatment.
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31
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Kodagoda Gamage SM, Cheng T, Lee KTW, Dissabandara L, Lam AKY, Gopalan V. Hemin, a major heme molecule, induced cellular and genetic alterations in normal colonic and colon cancer cells. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153530. [PMID: 34243108 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heme, a molecule abundant in red meat, is assumed to exert carcinogenic effects on normal colonic cells and tumour suppressive effects on cancer cells, though the hypothesis has not been explicitly proven yet. The present study aims to investigate hemin induced cytotoxic, genetic and biological alterations in both normal and cancerous colonic epithelial cells, which may imply its carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties. Normal colonic epithelial cells and colon carcinoma cells were treated with a 0-500 µM concentration of hemin for 1-4 days following which cytotoxicity and wound healing assays, western blot, rt-PCR and cell cycle analysis were performed. Interestingly, hemin was cytotoxic to normal colonic cells, but carcinoma cells were more resistant. Cell migration potential of both normal colonic cells and colon carcinoma cells was impeded by hemin. Hemin caused upregulation of both P53 and β-catenin gene and proteins expression in normal colonic cells with concomitant cell cycle arrest at G1(Gap 1) and G2/M (Gap 2/ Mitosis). G1 and G2 cell cycle arrests were also observed in colon carcinoma cells. In conclusion, the present study confirms that hemin, a main heme molecule present in red meat, facilitates behavioural, genetic and cell cycle kinetic alterations in both normal colonic epithelial and colon carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujani Madhurika Kodagoda Gamage
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Tracie Cheng
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Katherine Ting-Wei Lee
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Lakal Dissabandara
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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Chen X, Lu Y, Guo G, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Guo L, Li R, Nan Y, Yang X, Dong J, Jin X, Huang Q. AMOTL2‑knockdown promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma by regulating β‑catenin nuclear localization. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:139. [PMID: 34036399 PMCID: PMC8165599 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent type of malignant cancer in the adult central nervous system; however, its mechanism remains unclear. Angiomotin-like 2 (AMOTL2) is a member of the motin family of angiostatin-binding proteins. It has been reported as an oncogene in cervical and breast cancer, but its association with glioma remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate AMOTL2-regulated processes in glioma cell lines using extensive in vitro assays and certain bioinformatics tools. These results revealed that AMOTL2 was downregulated in high-grade glioma cells and tissues, with patients with glioma exhibiting a high AMOTL2 expression having a higher survival rate. The results of the glioma cell phenotype experiment showed that AMOTL2 suppressed GBM proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, immunoblotting, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that AMOTL2 could directly bind to β-catenin protein, the key molecule of the Wnt signaling pathway, and regulate its downstream genes by regulating β-catenin nuclear translocation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that AMOTL2 inhibited glioma proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating β-catenin nuclear localization. Thus, AMOTL2 may serve as a therapeutic target to further improve the prognosis and prolong survival time of patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Gaochao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Lianmei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ruohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Xun Jin
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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33
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Conformation-Specific Inhibitory Anti-MMP-7 Monoclonal Antibody Sensitizes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells to Chemotherapeutic Cell Kill. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071679. [PMID: 33918254 PMCID: PMC8038143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) undergo post-translational modifications including pro-domain shedding. The activated forms of these enzymes are effective drug targets, but generating potent biological inhibitors against them remains challenging. We report the generation of anti-MMP-7 inhibitory monoclonal antibody (GSM-192), using an alternating immunization strategy with an active site mimicry antigen and the activated enzyme. Our protocol yielded highly selective anti-MMP-7 monoclonal antibody, which specifically inhibits MMP-7's enzyme activity with high affinity (IC50 = 132 ± 10 nM). The atomic model of the MMP-7-GSM-192 Fab complex exhibited antibody binding to unique epitopes at the rim of the enzyme active site, sterically preventing entry of substrates into the catalytic cleft. In human PDAC biopsies, tissue staining with GSM-192 showed characteristic spatial distribution of activated MMP-7. Treatment with GSM-192 in vitro induced apoptosis via stabilization of cell surface Fas ligand and retarded cell migration. Co-treatment with GSM-192 and chemotherapeutics, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin elicited a synergistic effect. Our data illustrate the advantage of precisely targeting catalytic MMP-7 mediated disease specific activity.
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Liao HY, Da CM, Liao B, Zhang HH. Roles of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in cancer. Clin Biochem 2021; 92:9-18. [PMID: 33713636 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a small proteolytic enzyme that secretes zinc and calcium endopeptidases. It can degrade a variety of extracellular matrix substrates and other substrates and plays important regulatory roles in many human pathophysiological processes. Since its discovery, MMP-7 has been recognized as a regulatory protein in wound healing, bone growth, and remodeling. Later, MMP-7 was reported to regulate the occurrence and development of cancers and mediate the proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and invasion of several types of cancer cells via various mechanisms. Thus, matrix metalloproteinase-7 may be a promising tumor biomarker and therapeutic target. The expression of MMP-7 correlates with the clinical characteristics of cancer patients, and its expression profile is a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for a variety of human diseases. Hence, manipulating the expression or function of MMP-7 may be a potential treatment strategy for different diseases including cancers. This review summarizes the role played by MMP-7 in carcinogenesis of several human cancers, underlying mechanisms, and its clinical significance of the occurrence and development of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Chao-Ming Da
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Bei Liao
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 1 Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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35
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Cui Y, Ji J, Hou J, Tan Y, Han X. Identification of Key Candidate Genes Involved in the Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041123. [PMID: 33672678 PMCID: PMC7924352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal, agnogenic interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. To investigate vital genes involved in the development of IPF, we integrated and compared four expression profiles (GSE110147, GSE53845, GSE24206, and GSE10667), including 87 IPF samples and 40 normal samples. By reanalyzing these datasets, we managed to identify 62 upregulated genes and 20 downregulated genes in IPF samples compared with normal samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis to illustrate relevant pathways of IPF, biological processes, molecular function, and cell components. The DEGs were then subjected to protein-protein interaction (PPI) for network analysis, serving to find 11 key candidate genes (ANXA3, STX11, THBS2, MMP1, MMP9, MMP7, MMP10, SPP1, COL1A1, ITGB8, IGF1). The result of RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical staining verified our finding as well. In summary, we identified 11 key candidate genes related to the process of IPF, which may contribute to novel treatments of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, China; (Y.C.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.T.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, China; (Y.C.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.T.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, China; (Y.C.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.T.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, China; (Y.C.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.T.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, China; (Y.C.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.T.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Correspondence:
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36
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Ehmsen S, Ditzel HJ. Signaling pathways essential for triple-negative breast cancer stem-like cells. Stem Cells 2020; 39:133-143. [PMID: 33211379 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), a significant effort has been made to identify and characterize these cells. It is a generally believe that CSCs play an important role in cancer initiation, therapy resistance, and progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype with poor prognosis. Thus, therapies targeting these cells would be a valuable addition to standard treatments that primarily target more differentiated, rapidly dividing TNBC cells. Although several cell surface and intracellular proteins have been described as biomarkers for CSCs, none of these are specific to this population of cells. Recent research is moving toward cellular signaling pathways as targets and biomarkers for CSCs. The WNT pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway have recently been identified to play a key role in proliferation, survival, and differentiation of CSCs, including those of breast cancer. In this review, we assess recent findings related to these three pathways in breast CSC, with particular focus on TNBC CSCs, and discuss how targeting these pathways, in combination with current standard of care, might prove effective and improve the prognosis of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidse Ehmsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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37
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Seo Y, Park SY, Kim HS, Nam JS. The Hippo-YAP Signaling as Guardian in the Pool of Intestinal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120560. [PMID: 33271948 PMCID: PMC7760694 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite endogenous insults such as mechanical stress and danger signals derived from the microbiome, the intestine can maintain its homeostatic condition through continuous self-renewal of the crypt–villus axis. This extraordinarily rapid turnover of intestinal epithelium, known to be 3 to 5 days, can be achieved by dynamic regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The crypt base-located leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5-positive (Lgr5+) ISCs maintain intestinal integrity in the steady state. Under severe damage leading to the loss of conventional ISCs, quiescent stem cells and even differentiated cells can be reactivated into stem-cell-like cells with multi-potency and contribute to the reconstruction of the intestinal epithelium. This process requires fine-tuning of the various signaling pathways, including the Hippo–YAP system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the correlation between Hippo–YAP signaling and intestinal homeostasis, repair, and tumorigenesis, focusing specifically on ISC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (J.-S.N.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8231 (H.-S.K.); +82-62-715-2893 (J.-S.N.)
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (J.-S.N.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8231 (H.-S.K.); +82-62-715-2893 (J.-S.N.)
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38
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Kelppe J, Thorén H, Haglund C, Sorsa T, Hagström J. MMP-7, -8, -9, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin expression in 34 ameloblastoma cases. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 7:63-69. [PMID: 32985799 PMCID: PMC7853880 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally aggressive odontogenic tumor with high recurrence rates. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate extracellular integrity in normal and pathological conditions, and exert multiple functions coordinating inflammation and tumor progression. E‐cadherin and beta‐catenin are adherence junction molecules in cell‐to‐cell connections. We investigated the involvement of MMP‐7, ‐8, ‐9, E‐cadherin, and beta‐catenin in ameloblastoma and the surrounding extracellular matrix. Material and methods Our material consisted of 30–34 tissue samples from ameloblastoma patients of Helsinki University Hospital. We used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of the biomarkers. Two oral pathologists independently scored the immunoexpression intensities and statistical calculations were made based on the results. Results E‐cadherin expression was weaker in the maxillary than in mandibular ameloblastomas. Beta‐catenin was expressed in the ameloblastoma cell membranes. We detected MMP‐8 and ‐9 expression in polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the extracellular area and these MMPs correlated positively with each other. Osteoclasts lining bone margins and multinuclear giant cells expressed MMP‐9. Neither MMP‐8 nor MMP‐9 immunoexpression could be detected in ameloblastoma cells. MMP‐7 expression was seen in some apoptotic cells. Conclusion The fact that E‐cadherin immunoexpression was weaker in maxillary compared to mandibular ameloblastomas might associate to earlier recurrences. It promotes the idea of mandibular and maxillary ameloblastoma exerting differences in their biologies. We detected MMP‐8 and ‐9 in polymorphonuclear neutrophils which relates to these MMPs participating in extracellular remodeling through a mild inflammatory process. Bone degradation around ameloblastoma may be due to MMP‐9 in osteoclasts but this phenomenon might be an independent process and needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetta Kelppe
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Thorén
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Cheng WT, Kantilal HK, Davamani F. The Mechanism of Bacteroides fragilis Toxin Contributes to Colon Cancer Formation. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:9-21. [PMID: 32863742 PMCID: PMC7444842 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) produce biofilm for colonisation in the intestinal tract can cause a series of inflammatory reactions due to B. fragilis toxin (BFT) which can lead to chronic intestinal inflammation and tissue injury and play a crucial role leading to colorectal cancer (CRC). The enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) forms biofilm and produce toxin and play a role in CRC, whereas the non-toxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) does not produce toxin. The ETBF triggers the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 that releases PGE2 for inducing inflammation and control cell proliferation. From chronic intestinal inflammation to cancer development, it involves signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 activation. STAT3 activates by the interaction between epithelial cells and BFT. Thus, regulatory T-cell (Tregs) will activates and reduce interleukin (IL)-2 amount. As the level of IL-2 drops, T-helper (Th17) cells are generated leading to increase in IL-17 levels. IL-17 is implicated in early intestinal inflammation and promotes cancer cell survival and proliferation and consequently triggers IL-6 production that activate STAT3 pathway. Additionally, BFT degrades E-cadherin, hence alteration of signalling pathways can upregulate spermine oxidase leading to cell morphology and promote carcinogenesis and irreversible DNA damage. Patient with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) disease displays a high level of tumour load in the colon. This disease is caused by germline mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene that increases bacterial adherence to the mucosa layer. Mutated-APC gene genotype with ETBF increases the chances of CRC development. Therefore, the colonisation of the ETBF in the intestinal tract depicts tumour aetiology can result in risk of hostility and effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Teng Cheng
- Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haresh Kumar Kantilal
- Division of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fabian Davamani
- Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Liu Z, Tan RJ, Liu Y. The Many Faces of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060960. [PMID: 32630493 PMCID: PMC7356035 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a secreted zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is implicated in regulating kidney homeostasis and diseases. MMP-7 is produced as an inactive zymogen, and proteolytic cleavage is required for its activation. MMP-7 is barely expressed in normal adult kidney but upregulated in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The expression of MMP-7 is transcriptionally regulated by Wnt/β-catenin and other cues. As a secreted protein, MMP-7 is present and increased in the urine of patients, and its levels serve as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting AKI prognosis and monitoring CKD progression. Apart from degrading components of the extracellular matrix, MMP-7 also cleaves a wide range of substrates, such as E-cadherin, Fas ligand, and nephrin. As such, it plays an essential role in regulating many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and podocyte injury. The function of MMP-7 in kidney diseases is complex and context-dependent. It protects against AKI by priming tubular cells for survival and regeneration but promotes kidney fibrosis and CKD progression. MMP-7 also impairs podocyte integrity and induces proteinuria. In this review, we summarized recent advances in our understanding of the regulation, role, and mechanisms of MMP-7 in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We also discussed the potential of MMP-7 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Roderick J. Tan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Correspondence:
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González-Mariscal L, Miranda J, Gallego-Gutiérrez H, Cano-Cortina M, Amaya E. Relationship between apical junction proteins, gene expression and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183278. [PMID: 32240623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The apical junctional complex (AJC) is a cell-cell adhesion system present at the upper portion of the lateral membrane of epithelial cells integrated by the tight junction (TJ) and the adherens junction (AJ). This complex is crucial to initiate and stabilize cell-cell adhesion, to regulate the paracellular transit of ions and molecules and to maintain cell polarity. Moreover, we now consider the AJC as a hub of signal transduction that regulates cell-cell adhesion, gene transcription and cell proliferation and differentiation. The molecular components of the AJC are multiple and diverse and depending on the cellular context some of the proteins in this complex act as tumor suppressors or as promoters of cell transformation, migration and metastasis outgrowth. Here, we describe these new roles played by TJ and AJ proteins and their potential use in cancer diagnostics and as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jael Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helios Gallego-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Misael Cano-Cortina
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elida Amaya
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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Regulation of cancer cell signaling pathways as key events for therapeutic relevance of edible and medicinal mushrooms. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:145-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gong H, Chen W, Mi L, Wang D, Zhao Y, Yu C, Zhao A. Qici Sanling decoction suppresses bladder cancer growth by inhibiting the Wnt/Β-catenin pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:507-513. [PMID: 31401919 PMCID: PMC6713157 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1626449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: Bladder cancer, which has high recurrence, is one of the most deadly cancers in the world. Astragalus propinquus Schischkin (Fabaceae) and Sagittaria sagittifolia L. (Alismataceae) are important herbs reported to be effective in cancer therapy. Objective: The efficacy of QCSL (Qici Sanling decoction) in bladder cancer treatment was examined. Materials and methods: T24 cells were injected into the flanks of nude mice and the mice were randomly divided into five groups: control; 20 mg/kg XAV-939 (an inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway); QCSL (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg). After 7 weeks, the mice were anaesthetised using isoflurane and the xenografts were excised to perform further experiments. Results: Both XAV-939 (tumour volume: 379.67 ± 159.92 mm3) and QCSL (796.18 ± 101.6 mm3) dramatically suppressed tumour growth comparing with control group (3612.12 ± 575.03 mm3). XAV-939 and QCSL treatments decreased cell proliferation from 56.3 ± 0.05% to 29.02 ± 0.07% and 37.51 ± 0.04%, respectively. In agreement, more infiltration of immune cells and pyknotic cells upon XAV-939 (apoptosis rates: 43.92 ± 0.03%) and QCSL (34.57 ± 0.04%) treatment comparing with control group (15.59 ± 0.03%) were observed. Furthermore, TUNEL staining of xenograft tumours illustrated more apoptotic cells upon XAV-939 and QCSL treatment. Mechanistically, XAV-939 and QCSL treatments significantly inhibited WNT/β-catenin pathway in T24 xenograft tumours. Discussion and conclusions: Our findings give new insights into the role of QCSL in bladder cancer and explore potential mechanisms contributing to the therapeutic effects of QCSL in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- Department of Urology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanhua Mi
- Department of Urology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Urology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Youkang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Urology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiguang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
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GRP78 activates the Wnt/HOXB9 pathway to promote invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by chaperoning LRP6. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao H, He L, Yin D, Song B. Identification of β-catenin target genes in colorectal cancer by interrogating gene fitness screening data. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3769-3777. [PMID: 31516589 PMCID: PMC6733007 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin regulates its target genes which are associated with proliferation, differentiation, migration and angiogenesis, and the dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling facilitates hallmarks of colorectal cancer (CRC). Identification of β-catenin targets and their potential roles in tumorigenesis has gained increased interest. However, the number of identified targets remains limited. The present study implemented a novel strategy, interrogating gene fitness profiles derived from large-scale RNA interference and CRISPR-CRISPR associated protein 9 screening data to identify β-catenin target genes in CRC cell lines. Using these data sets, pair wise gene fitness similarities were determined which highlighted a total of 13 genes whose functions were highly correlated with β-catenin. It was further demonstrated that the expression of these genes were altered in CRC, illustrating their potential roles in the progression of CRC. The present study further demonstrated that these targets could be used to predict disease-free survival in CRC. In conclusion, the findings provided novel approaches for the identification of β-catenin targets, which may become prognostic biomarkers or drug targets for the management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Abstract
Developmental signaling pathways control a vast array of biological processes during embryogenesis and in adult life. The WNT pathway was discovered simultaneously in cancer and development. Recent advances have expanded the role of WNT to a wide range of pathologies in humans. Here, we discuss the WNT pathway and its role in human disease and some of the advances in WNT-related treatments.
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Newcastle disease virus mediated apoptosis and migration inhibition of human oral cancer cells: A probable role of β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase-7. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10882. [PMID: 31350432 PMCID: PMC6659693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metastasis and its dissemination are most enigmatic and challenging aspects in the development of its therapeutics. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a well-studied avian paramyxovirus frequently isolated from birds and rarely from mammals. Since the first report of its oncolytic property, many NDV strains were studied for its effect in various cancer cells. In the present study, NDV strain Bareilly was characterized for its apoptotic potential and migration inhibition in human oral cancer cells. The NDV mediated apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry, DNA laddering, and immunoblotting. Moreover, NDV decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential suggesting an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in oral cancer cells. NDV infection in oral cancer cells results in migration inhibition by a reduction in levels of MMP-7. MMP-7 is one of the key target genes of β-catenin. While overexpression of MMP-7 reversed the inhibitory effect of NDV mediated migration suggested its possible involvement. Wnt/β-catenin is an essential pathway for cell growth, differentiation, and metastasis. The involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in NDV infection has never been reported. Our results showed that NDV dysregulates Wnt/β-catenin by down-regulation of p-Akt and p-GSK3β leading to degradation of β-catenin. Furthermore, NDV infection leads to a reduction in cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of β-catenin. The study will provide us with a better insight into the molecular mechanism of NDV mediated oncolysis and the key cellular partners involved in the process.
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Wadey K, Lopes J, Bendeck M, George S. Role of smooth muscle cells in coronary artery bypass grafting failure. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:601-610. [PMID: 29373656 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology of many cardiovascular diseases. The formation and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries results in angina and myocardial infarction. Venous coronary artery bypass grafts are designed to reduce the consequences of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries by diverting blood flow around the atherosclerotic plaques. However, vein grafts suffer a high failure rate due to intimal thickening that occurs as a result of vascular cell injury and activation and can act as 'a soil' for subsequent atherosclerotic plaque formation. A clinically-proven method for the reduction of vein graft intimal thickening and subsequent major adverse clinical events is currently not available. Consequently, a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms of intimal thickening may be beneficial for the design of future therapies for vein graft failure. Vein grafting induces inflammation and endothelial cell damage and dysfunction, that promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, and proliferation. Injury to the wall of the vein as a result of grafting leads to the production of chemoattractants, remodelling of the extracellular matrix and cell-cell contacts; which all contribute to the induction of VSMC migration and proliferation. This review focuses on the role of altered behaviour of VSMCs in the vein graft and some of the factors which critically lead to intimal thickening that pre-disposes the vein graft to further atherosclerosis and re-occurrence of symptoms in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Wadey
- Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Joshua Lopes
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Michelle Bendeck
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sarah George
- Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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Goh JXH, Tan LTH, Goh JK, Chan KG, Pusparajah P, Lee LH, Goh BH. Nobiletin and Derivatives: Functional Compounds from Citrus Fruit Peel for Colon Cancer Chemoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E867. [PMID: 31234411 PMCID: PMC6627117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for effective methods of cancer treatment and prevention has been a continuous effort since the disease was discovered. Recently, there has been increasing interest in exploring plants and fruits for molecules that may have potential as either adjuvants or as chemopreventive agents against cancer. One of the promising compounds under extensive research is nobiletin (NOB), a polymethoxyflavone (PMF) extracted exclusively from citrus peel. Not only does nobiletin itself exhibit anti-cancer properties, but its derivatives are also promising chemopreventive agents; examples of derivatives with anti-cancer activity include 3'-demethylnobiletin (3'-DMN), 4'-demethylnobiletin (4'-DMN), 3',4'-didemethylnobiletin (3',4'-DMN) and 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DMN). In vitro studies have demonstrated differential efficacies and mechanisms of NOB and its derivatives in inhibiting and killing of colon cancer cells. The chemopreventive potential of NOB has also been well demonstrated in several in vivo colon carcinogenesis animal models. NOB and its derivatives target multiple pathways in cancer progression and inhibit several of the hallmark features of colorectal cancer (CRC) pathophysiology, including arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, preventing tumour formation, reducing inflammatory effects and limiting angiogenesis. However, these substances have low oral bioavailability that limits their clinical utility, hence there have been numerous efforts exploring better drug delivery strategies for NOB and these are part of this review. We also reviewed data related to patents involving NOB to illustrate the extensiveness of each research area and its direction of commercialisation. Furthermore, this review also provides suggested directions for future research to advance NOB as the next promising candidate in CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Xuan Hui Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Joo Kheng Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes (PICO), Health and Well-being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes (PICO), Health and Well-being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
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