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Closset L, Gultekin O, Salehi S, Sarhan D, Lehti K, Gonzalez-Molina J. The extracellular matrix - immune microenvironment crosstalk in cancer therapy: Challenges and opportunities. Matrix Biol 2023; 121:217-228. [PMID: 37524251 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) by cancer immunotherapy has led to improved patient outcomes. However, response to these treatments is heterogeneous and cancer-type dependant. The therapeutic activity of classical cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical oncology is modulated by alterations of the TIME. A major regulator of immune cell function and resistance to both immune and classical therapies is the extracellular matrix (ECM). Concurrently, cancer therapies reshape the TIME as well as the ECM, causing both pro- and anti-tumour responses. Accordingly, the TIME-ECM crosstalk presents attractive opportunities to improve therapy outcomes. Here, we review the molecular crosstalk between the TIME and the ECM in cancer and its implications in cancer progression and clinical intervention. Additionally, we discuss examples and future directions of ECM and TIME co-targeting in combination with oncological therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Closset
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Saint-Antoine Research center (CRSA), UMR_S 938, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Okan Gultekin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pelvic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dhifaf Sarhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jordi Gonzalez-Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden.
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Aquaporins and Ion Channels as Dual Targets in the Design of Novel Glioblastoma Therapeutics to Limit Invasiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030849. [PMID: 36765806 PMCID: PMC9913334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) focus on eradicating primary tumors using radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection, but have limited success in controlling the invasive spread of glioma cells into a healthy brain, the major factor driving short survival times for patients post-diagnosis. Transcriptomic analyses of GBM biopsies reveal clusters of membrane signaling proteins that in combination serve as robust prognostic indicators, including aquaporins and ion channels, which are upregulated in GBM and implicated in enhanced glioblastoma motility. Accumulating evidence supports our proposal that the concurrent pharmacological targeting of selected subclasses of aquaporins and ion channels could impede glioblastoma invasiveness by impairing key cellular motility pathways. Optimal sets of channels to be selected as targets for combined therapies could be tailored to the GBM cancer subtype, taking advantage of differences in patterns of expression between channels that are characteristic of GBM subtypes, as well as distinguishing them from non-cancerous brain cells such as neurons and glia. Focusing agents on a unique channel fingerprint in GBM would further allow combined agents to be administered at near threshold doses, potentially reducing off-target toxicity. Adjunct therapies which confine GBM tumors to their primary sites during clinical treatments would offer profound advantages for treatment efficacy.
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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Metastasis: Focus on Laryngeal Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092148. [PMID: 36140250 PMCID: PMC9496235 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial neoplasms, such as laryngeal carcinoma, the survival indexes deteriorate abruptly when the tumor becomes metastatic. A molecular phenomenon that normally appears during embryogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is reactivated at the initial stage of metastasis when tumor cells invade the adjacent stroma. The hallmarks of this phenomenon are the abolishment of the epithelial and acquisition of mesenchymal traits by tumor cells which enhance their migratory capacity. EMT signaling is mediated by complex molecular pathways that regulate the expression of crucial molecules contributing to the tumor’s metastatic potential. Effectors of EMT include loss of adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling, evasion of apoptosis and immune surveillance, upregulation of metalloproteinases, neovascularization, acquisition of stem-cell properties, and the activation of tumor stroma. However, the current approach to EMT involves a holistic model that incorporates the acquisition of potentials beyond mesenchymal transition. As EMT is inevitably associated with a reverse mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), a model of partial EMT is currently accepted, signifying the cell plasticity associated with invasion and metastasis. In this review, we identify the cumulative evidence which suggests that various aspects of EMT theory apply to laryngeal carcinoma, a tumor of significant morbidity and mortality, introducing novel molecular targets with prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Farooq M, Khan AW, Kim MS, Choi S. The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Signaling in Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113242. [PMID: 34831463 PMCID: PMC8622657 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a large family of secretory molecules that act through tyrosine kinase receptors known as FGF receptors. They play crucial roles in a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, morphogenesis, and differentiation, as well as in tissue repair and regeneration. The signaling pathways regulated by FGFs include RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT), phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). To date, 22 FGFs have been discovered, involved in different functions in the body. Several FGFs directly or indirectly interfere with repair during tissue regeneration, in addition to their critical functions in the maintenance of pluripotency and dedifferentiation of stem cells. In this review, we summarize the roles of FGFs in diverse cellular processes and shed light on the importance of FGF signaling in mechanisms of tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Farooq
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Moon Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Varricchio A, Ramesh SA, Yool AJ. Novel Ion Channel Targets and Drug Delivery Tools for Controlling Glioblastoma Cell Invasiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111909. [PMID: 34769339 PMCID: PMC8584308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprising more than half of all brain tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a leading cause of brain cancer-related deaths worldwide. A major clinical challenge is presented by the capacity of glioma cells to rapidly infiltrate healthy brain parenchyma, allowing the cancer to escape control by localized surgical resections and radiotherapies, and promoting recurrence in other brain regions. We propose that therapies which target cellular motility pathways could be used to slow tumor dispersal, providing a longer time window for administration of frontline treatments needed to directly eradicate the primary tumors. An array of signal transduction pathways are known to be involved in controlling cellular motility. Aquaporins (AQPs) and voltage-gated ion channels are prime candidates as pharmacological targets to restrain cell migration in glioblastoma. Published work has demonstrated AQPs 1, 4 and 9, as well as voltage-gated potassium, sodium and calcium channels, chloride channels, and acid-sensing ion channels are expressed in GBM and can influence processes of cell volume change, extracellular matrix degradation, cytoskeletal reorganization, lamellipodial and filopodial extension, and turnover of cell-cell adhesions and focal assembly sites. The current gap in knowledge is the identification of optimal combinations of targets, inhibitory agents, and drug delivery systems that will allow effective intervention with minimal side effects in the complex environment of the brain, without disrupting finely tuned activities of neuro-glial networks. Based on published literature, we propose that co-treatments using AQP inhibitors in addition to other therapies could increase effectiveness, overcoming some limitations inherent in current strategies that are focused on single mechanisms. An emerging interest in nanobodies as drug delivery systems could be instrumental for achieving the selective delivery of combinations of agents aimed at multiple key targets, which could enhance success in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanah Varricchio
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Sunita A. Ramesh
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Carstens KE, Lustberg DJ, Shaughnessy EK, McCann KE, Alexander GM, Dudek SM. Perineuronal net degradation rescues CA2 plasticity in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e137221. [PMID: 34228646 DOI: 10.1172/jci137221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized form of extracellular matrix, are abnormal in the brains of people with Rett syndrome (RTT). We previously reported that PNNs function to restrict synaptic plasticity in hippocampal area CA2, which is unusually resistant to long-term potentiation (LTP) and has been linked to social learning in mice. Here we report that PNNs appear elevated in area CA2 of the hippocampus of an individual with RTT and that PNNs develop precociously and remain elevated in area CA2 of a mouse model of RTT (Mecp2-null). Further, we provide evidence that LTP could be induced at CA2 synapses prior to PNN maturation (postnatal day 8-11) in wild-type mice and that this window of plasticity was prematurely restricted at CA2 synapses in Mecp2-null mice. Degrading PNNs in Mecp2-null hippocampus was sufficient to rescue the premature disruption of CA2 plasticity. We identified several molecular targets that were altered in the developing Mecp2-null hippocampus that may explain aberrant PNNs and CA2 plasticity, and we discovered that CA2 PNNs are negatively regulated by neuronal activity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CA2 PNN development is regulated by Mecp2 and identify a window of hippocampal plasticity that is disrupted in a mouse model of RTT.
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Sangany CM, Moodley J, Onyagunga OA, Naicker T. Role of basic fibroblast growth factor in human immunodeficiency virus associated pre-eclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:1292-1297. [PMID: 32500557 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cell signaling is vital to ensure successful trophoblast invasion. This study assessed the level of serum basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated pre-eclampsia (PE). METHODS Using a Bio-plex Multiplex Immunoassay, FGF-2 (pg/mL) was analyzed in blood sera collected from 80 pregnant women attending a large regional hospital in Durban, South Africa. Study groups consisted of normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnant women stratified according to their HIV status. Data analysis was performed using graphpad prism statistics software, version 5.00. RESULTS In this study, we report a significant decrease of FGF-2 serum level in pre-eclamptic compared to normotensive pregnant women groups (25.38 ± 6.69 pg/mL vs 61.79 ± 11.25 pg/mL), irrespective of their HIV status. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in FGF-2 serum level in HIV positive compared to HIV negative group (33.80 ± 9.62 pg/mL vs 52.15 ± 9.49 pg/mL), irrespective of their pregnancy type. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a downregulation of serum FGF-2 expression in pre-eclamptic compared to normotensive pregnant women. This decline may be responsible for the defective trophoblast invasion and/or to PE severity. The decline in FGF-2 expression in HIV infection is probably due to the effect of HIV Tat protein on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline M Sangany
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Onankoy A Onyagunga
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Ma H, Qiu P, Xu H, Xu X, Xin M, Chu Y, Guan H, Li C, Yang J. The Inhibitory Effect of Propylene Glycol Alginate Sodium Sulfate on Fibroblast Growth Factor 2-Mediated Angiogenesis and Invasion in Murine Melanoma B16-F10 Cells In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E257. [PMID: 31035725 PMCID: PMC6562581 DOI: 10.3390/md17050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most malignant and aggressive types of cancer worldwide. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is one of the critical regulators of melanoma angiogenesis and metastasis; thus, it might be an effective anti-cancer strategy to explore FGF2-targeting drug candidates from existing drugs. In this study, we evaluate the effect of the marine drug propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) on FGF2-mediated angiogenesis and invasion. The data shows that FGF2 selectively bound to PSS with high affinity. PSS inhibited FGF2-mediated angiogenesis in a rat aortic ring model and suppressed FGF2-mediated invasion, but not the migration of murine melanoma B16-F10 cells. The further mechanism study indicates that PSS decreased the expression of activated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and also suppressed their activity. In addition, PSS was found to decrease the level of Vimentin in B16-F10 cells, which is known to participate in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Notably, PSS did not elicit any changes in cancer cell viability. Based on the results above, we conclude that PSS might be a potential drug to regulate the tumor microenvironment in order to facilitate the recovery of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Peiju Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Huixin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Meng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yanyan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial, Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Koujah L, Suryawanshi RK, Shukla D. Pathological processes activated by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection in the cornea. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:405-419. [PMID: 30327839 PMCID: PMC6349487 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects a large majority of the human population worldwide. It is also a leading cause of infection-related blindness in the developed world. HSV-1 infection of the cornea begins with viral entry into resident cells via a multistep process that involves interaction of viral glycoproteins and host cell surface receptors. Once inside, HSV-1 infection induces a chronic immune-inflammatory response resulting in corneal scarring, thinning and neovascularization. This leads to development of various ocular diseases such as herpes stromal keratitis, resulting in visual impairment and eventual blindness. HSV-1 can also invade the central nervous system and lead to encephalitis, a relatively common cause of sporadic fetal encephalitis worldwide. In this review, we discuss the pathological processes activated by corneal HSV-1 infection and existing antiviral therapies as well as novel therapeutic options currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulia Koujah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rahul K Suryawanshi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Park YS, Lee JE, Park JI, Myung CH, Lim YH, Park CK, Hwang JS. Inhibitory mechanism of ginsenoside Rh3 on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression in UV-B-irradiated murine SP-1 keratinocytes. J Ginseng Res 2018; 44:274-281. [PMID: 32148409 PMCID: PMC7031754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet (UV) goes through the epidermis and promotes release of inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), one of the keratinocyte-derived cytokines, regulates proliferation and differentiation of melanocytes. Extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways regulate expression of GM-CSF. Based on these results, we found that ginsenoside Rh3 prevented GM-CSF production and release in UV-B–exposed SP-1 keratinocytes and that this inhibitory effect resulted from the reduction of PKCδ and ERK phosphorylation. Methods We investigated the mechanism by which ginsenoside Rh3 from Panax ginseng inhibited GM-CSF release from UV-B–irradiated keratinocytes. Results Treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or UV-B induced release of GM-CSF in the SP-1 keratinocytes. To elucidate whether the change in GM-CSF expression could be related to PKC signaling, the cells were pretreated with H7, an inhibitor of PKC, and irradiated with UV-B. GM-CSF was decreased by H7 in a dose-dependent manner. When we analyzed which ginsenosides repressed GM-CSF expression among 15 ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rh3 showed the largest decline to 40% of GM-CSF expression in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis showed that TPA enhanced the phosphorylation of PKCδ and ERK in the keratinocytes. When we examined the effect of ginsenoside Rh3, we identified that ginsenoside Rh3 inhibited the TPA-induced phosphorylation levels of PKCδ and ERK. Conclusion In summary, we found that ginsenoside Rh3 impeded UV-B–induced GM-CSF production through repression of PKCδ and ERK phosphorylation in SP-1 keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Il Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwan Myung
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lim
- KGC R&D Headquarters, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Onset and Progression of Human Osteoarthritis-Can Growth Factors, Inflammatory Cytokines, or Differential miRNA Expression Concomitantly Induce Proliferation, ECM Degradation, and Inflammation in Articular Cartilage? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082282. [PMID: 30081513 PMCID: PMC6121276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative whole joint disease, for which no preventative or therapeutic biological interventions are available. This is likely due to the fact that OA pathogenesis includes several signaling pathways, whose interactions remain unclear, especially at disease onset. Early OA is characterized by three key events: a rarely considered early phase of proliferation of cartilage-resident cells, in contrast to well-established increased synthesis, and degradation of extracellular matrix components and inflammation, associated with OA progression. We focused on the question, which of these key events are regulated by growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and/or miRNA abundance. Collectively, we elucidated a specific sequence of the OA key events that are described best as a very early phase of proliferation of human articular cartilage (AC) cells and concomitant anabolic/catabolic effects that are accompanied by incipient pro-inflammatory effects. Many of the reviewed factors appeared able to induce one or two key events. Only one factor, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), is capable of concomitantly inducing all key events. Moreover, AC cell proliferation cannot be induced and, in fact, is suppressed by inflammatory signaling, suggesting that inflammatory signaling cannot be the sole inductor of all early OA key events, especially at disease onset.
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Hernández-Aquino E, Muriel P. Beneficial effects of naringenin in liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1679-1707. [PMID: 29713125 PMCID: PMC5922990 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i16.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are caused by different etiological agents, mainly alcohol consumption, viruses, drug intoxication or malnutrition. Frequently, liver diseases are initiated by oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to the excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM), followed by a progression to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been reported that some natural products display hepatoprotective properties. Naringenin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, antifibrogenic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties that is capable of preventing liver damage caused by different agents. The main protective effects of naringenin in liver diseases are the inhibition of oxidative stress, transforming growth factor (TGF-β) pathway and the prevention of the transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), leading to decreased collagen synthesis. Other effects include the inhibition of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), toll-like receptor (TLR) and TGF-β non-canonical pathways, the inhibition of which further results in a strong reduction in ECM synthesis and deposition. In addition, naringenin has shown beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through the regulation of lipid metabolism, modulating the synthesis and oxidation of lipids and cholesterol. Moreover, naringenin protects from HCC, since it inhibits growth factors such as TGF-β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducing apoptosis and regulating MAPK pathways. Naringenin is safe and acts by targeting multiple proteins. However, it possesses low bioavailability and high intestinal metabolism. In this regard, formulations, such as nanoparticles or liposomes, have been developed to improve naringenin bioavailability. We conclude that naringenin should be considered in the future as an important candidate in the treatment of different liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hernández-Aquino
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
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13
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Benham V, Chakraborty D, Bullard B, Bernard JJ. A role for FGF2 in visceral adiposity-associated mammary epithelial transformation. Adipocyte 2018; 7:113-120. [PMID: 29561195 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1445889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a leading risk factor for post-menopausal breast cancer, and this is concerning as 40% of cancer diagnoses in 2014 were associated with overweight/obesity. Despite this epidemiological link, the underlying mechanism responsible is unknown. We recently published that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) releases FGF2 and stimulates the transformation of skin epithelial cells. Furthermore, obesity is differentially associated with many epithelial cancers, and this mechanistic link could be translational. As FGF2 and FGFR1 are implicated in breast cancer progression, we hypothesize that VAT-derived FGF2 plays a translational role in promoting adiposity-associated mammary epithelial cell transformation. In this brief report, data suggest that FGF2/FGFR1 signaling is a potential mechanistic link in VAT-stimulated transformation of breast epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Benham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Debrup Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Blair Bullard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jamie J. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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14
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Gurung HR, Carr MM, Bryant K, Chucair-Elliott AJ, Carr DJJ. Fibroblast growth factor-2 drives and maintains progressive corneal neovascularization following HSV-1 infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:172-185. [PMID: 28378806 PMCID: PMC5628112 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of the cornea induces vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-dependent lymphangiogenesis that continues to develop well beyond the resolution of infection. Inflammatory leukocytes infiltrate the cornea and have been implicated to be essential for corneal neovascularization, an important clinically relevant manifestation of stromal keratitis. Here we report that cornea infiltrating leukocytes including neutrophils and T cells do not have a significant role in corneal neovascularization past virus clearance. Antibody-mediated depletion of these cells did not impact lymphatic or blood vessel genesis. Multiple pro-angiogenic factors including IL-6, angiopoietin-2, hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), VEGF-A, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were expressed within the cornea following virus clearance. A single bolus of dexamethasone at day 10 post infection (pi) resulted in suppression of blood vessel genesis and regression of lymphatic vessels at day 21 pi compared to control-treated mice. Whereas IL-6 neutralization had a modest impact on hemangiogenesis (days 14-21 pi) and lymphangiogenesis (day 21 pi) in a time-dependent fashion, neutralization of FGF-2 had a more pronounced effect on the suppression of neovascularization (blood and lymphatic vessels) in a time-dependent, leukocyte-independent manner. Furthermore, FGF-2 neutralization suppressed the expression of all pro-angiogenic factors measured and preserved visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem R. Gurung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Meghan M. Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Katie Bryant
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Ana J. Chucair-Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. J. Carr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America,Corresponding author:, Department of Ophthalmology, DMEI #A415, OUHSC, 608 Stanton L.Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK. 73104 USA, Phone: 405-271-8784
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15
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Yeh CM, Lin CW, Yang JS, Yang WE, Su SC, Yang SF. Melatonin inhibits TPA-induced oral cancer cell migration by suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation through the histone acetylation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21952-67. [PMID: 26980735 PMCID: PMC5008336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin exerts antimetastatic effects on liver and breast cancer and also inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. However, the detailed impacts and underlying mechanisms of melatonin on oral cancer cell metastasis are still unclear. This study showed that melatonin attenuated the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced migration of oral cancer cell lines, HSC-3 and OECM-1. Zymography, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blotting analyses revealed that melatonin lessened MMP-9 enzyme activity as well as the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, melatonin suppressed the phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, which dampened MMP-9 gene transcription by affecting the expression of transcriptional coactivators, such as CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) and E1A binding protein p300 (EP300), and decreasing histone acetylation in HSC-3 and OECM-1 cells. Examinations on clinical samples exhibited that MMP-9, CREBBP, and EP300 were significantly increased in oral cancer tissues. Moreover, the relative level of CREBBP was positively correlated with the expression of MMP-9 and EP300. In conclusion, we demonstrated that melatonin inhibits the motility of HSC-3 and OECM-1 cells in vitro through a molecular mechanism that involves attenuation of MMP-9 expression and activity mediated by decreased histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Shen T, Gao K, Miao Y, Hu Z. Exogenous growth factors enhance the expression of cola1, cola3, and Elastin in fibroblasts via activating MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 442:203-210. [PMID: 29185160 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous growth factors could accelerate the process of wound healing. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the expression of type I collagen (cola1), type III collagen (cola3), and Elastin in fibroblasts, which are widely expressed in fibroblasts and promote the function of fibroblasts. We measured the levels of cola1 and cola3 in human fibroblast cells cultured in medium containing EGF or bFGF at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1000 μg/L by Western blotting and RT-PCR assays, and found that EGF or bFGF enhanced the expression of cola1 and cola3 in a concentration-dependent manner. We further discovered that after stimulation with EGF or bFGF in human fibroblast cells, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) family members were generally activated, whose expression trend was consistent with that of cola1, cola3, and Elastin. In summary, in this study, we uncovered that exogenous growth factors enhance the expression of cola1, cola3, and Elastin, which is probably regulated via activating MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- TianDing Shen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - ZhiQi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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17
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Kim JM, Noh EM, Song HK, Lee M, Lee SH, Park SH, Ahn CK, Lee GS, Byun EB, Jang BS, Kwon KB, Lee YR. Salvia miltiorrhiza extract inhibits TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and invasion through the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3594-3600. [PMID: 28927117 PMCID: PMC5588011 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion is crucial for metastasis. A major factor in the capacity of cancer cell invasion is the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades the extracellular matrix. Salvia miltiorrhiza has been used as a promotion for blood circulation to remove blood stasis. Numerous previous studies have demonstrated that S. miltiorrhiza extracts (SME) decrease lipid levels and inhibit inflammation. However, the mechanism behind the effect of SME on breast cancer invasion has not been identified. The inhibitory effects of SME on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MMP-9 expression were assessed using western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and zymography assays. MMP-9 upstream signal proteins, including mitogen-activated protein kinases and activator protein 1 (AP-1) were also investigated. Cell invasion was assessed using a matrigel invasion assay. The present study demonstrated the inhibitory effects of the SME ethanol solution on MMP-9 expression and cell invasion in TPA-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells. SME suppressed TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and MCF-7 cell invasion by blocking the transcriptional activation of AP-1. SME may possess therapeutic potential for inhibiting breast cancer cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Mi Kim
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Noh
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Minok Lee
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ho Lee
- Department of Korean Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueng Hyuk Park
- Department of Korean Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Keun Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Guem-San Lee
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, North Jeolla 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Su Jang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, North Jeolla 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Beom Kwon
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rae Lee
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biomaterials Implant, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, North Jeolla 570-749, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ectodysplasin target gene Fgf20 regulates mammary bud growth and ductal invasion and branching during puberty. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5049. [PMID: 28698625 PMCID: PMC5505952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland development begins with the appearance of epithelial placodes that invaginate, sprout, and branch to form small arborized trees by birth. The second phase of ductal growth and branching is driven by the highly invasive structures called terminal end buds (TEBs) that form at ductal tips at the onset of puberty. Ectodysplasin (Eda), a tumor necrosis factor-like ligand, is essential for the development of skin appendages including the breast. In mice, Eda regulates mammary placode formation and branching morphogenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) receptors have a recognized role in mammary ductal development and stem cell maintenance, but the ligands involved are ill-defined. Here we report that Fgf20 is expressed in embryonic mammary glands and is regulated by the Eda pathway. Fgf20 deficiency does not impede mammary gland induction, but compromises mammary bud growth, as well as TEB formation, ductal outgrowth and branching during puberty. We further show that loss of Fgf20 delays formation of Eda-induced supernumerary mammary buds and normalizes the embryonic and postnatal hyperbranching phenotype of Eda overexpressing mice. These findings identify a hitherto unknown function for Fgf20 in mammary budding and branching morphogenesis.
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19
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Gao F, Wang X, Li Z, Zhou A, Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Xie L, Qian Y. Identification of anti-tumor components from toad venom. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:15-22. [PMID: 28693129 PMCID: PMC5494832 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretion of granular glands from the skin of amphibians is a fascinating resource of active substances, particularly for cancer therapy in clinical practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine. A variety of anti-tumor peptides have been isolated from different toads and frogs; however, no anti-tumor peptides are reported in toad venom of Bufo gargarizans. Firstly, soluble fraction from fresh toad venom (FTV) was compared with that from dried toad venom (DTV), using HPLC analysis. It was revealed that FTV has a different HPLC chromatography compared with DTV. Soluble fraction of FTV is more toxic to SH-SY5Y cells than that of DTV, as evaluated by MTT assay. Secondly, it was identified that protein components from soluble fractions of FTV and DTV possess different patterns by SDS-PAGE analysis, and proteins from FTV are also more toxic than that from DTV. Thirdly, an immobilized basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) affinity column was used to isolate bFGF-binding components from soluble fraction of FTV, and it was identified that bFGF-binding components prohibited bFGF-dependent neurite growth of SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, it was identified that bFGF-binding components activated apoptosis via upregulation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. These data suggest that FTV contains active components that interact with bFGF and activate apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'An, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China.,Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'An, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'An, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'An, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | - Aicun Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'An, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | | | - Lijun Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Yongchang Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'An, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China.,Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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20
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Chuffa LGDA, Lupi-Júnior LA, Costa AB, Amorim JPDA, Seiva FRF. The role of sex hormones and steroid receptors on female reproductive cancers. Steroids 2017; 118:93-108. [PMID: 28041951 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sex steroids have been widely described to be associated with a number of human diseases, including hormone-dependent tumors. Several studies have been concerned about the factors regulating the availability of sex steroids and its importance in the pathophysiological aspects of the reproductive cancers in women. In premenopausal women, large fluctuations in the concentration of circulating estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) orchestrate many events across the menstrual cycle. After menopause, the levels of circulating E2 and P4 decline but remain at high concentration in the peripheral tissues. Notably, there is a strong relationship between circulating sex hormones and female reproductive cancers (e.g. ovarian, breast, and endometrial cancers). These hormones activate a number of specific signaling pathways after binding either to estrogen receptors (ERs), especially ERα, ERα36, and ERβ or progesterone receptors (PRs). Importantly, the course of the disease will depend on particular transactivation pathway. Identifying ER- or PR-positive tumors will benefit patients in terms of proper endocrine therapy. Based on hormonal responsiveness, effective prevention methods for ovarian, breast, and endometrial cancers represent a special opportunity for women at risk of malignancies. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) might significantly increase the risk of these cancer types, and endocrine treatments targeting ER signaling may be helpful against E2-dependent tumors. This review will present the role of sex steroids and their receptors associated with the risk of developing female reproductive cancers, with emphasis on E2 levels in pre and postmenopausal women. In addition, new therapeutic strategies for improving the survival rate outcomes in women will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Antonio Lupi-Júnior
- Department of Anatomy, IBB/UNESP, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Balandis Costa
- Department of Nursing, UENP/CLM - Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, PR, Brazil
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21
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Averna M, Bavestrello M, Cresta F, Pedrazzi M, De Tullio R, Minicucci L, Sparatore B, Salamino F, Pontremoli S, Melloni E. Abnormal activation of calpain and protein kinase Cα promotes a constitutive release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cystic fibrosis patients. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 604:103-12. [PMID: 27349634 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is physiologically involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix components but its abnormal release has been observed in several human pathologies. We here report that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients homozygous for F508del-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), express constitutively and release at high rate MMP9 due to the alteration in their intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. This spontaneous and sustained MMP9 secretion may contribute to the accumulation of this protease in fluids of CF patients. Conversely, in PBMCs isolated from healthy donors, expression and secretion of MMP9 are undetectable but can be evoked, after 12 h of culture, by paracrine stimulation which also promotes an increase in [Ca(2+)]i. We also demonstrate that in both CF and control PBMCs the Ca(2+)-dependent MMP9 secretion is mediated by the concomitant activation of calpain and protein kinase Cα (PKCα), and that MMP9 expression involves extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. Our results are supported by the fact that either the inhibition of Ca(2+) entry or chelation of [Ca(2+)]i as well as the inhibition of single components of the signaling pathway or the restoration of CFTR activity all promote the reduction of MMP9 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Averna
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) - Biochemistry Section, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Margherita Bavestrello
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) - Biochemistry Section, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Cresta
- Cystic Fibrosis Pediatric Center, G. Gaslini Hospital, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Science Mother and Child, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Pedrazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) - Biochemistry Section, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta De Tullio
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) - Biochemistry Section, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Minicucci
- Cystic Fibrosis Pediatric Center, G. Gaslini Hospital, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Science Mother and Child, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Bianca Sparatore
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) - Biochemistry Section, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Franca Salamino
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) - Biochemistry Section, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Sandro Pontremoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) - Biochemistry Section, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Edon Melloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) - Biochemistry Section, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
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22
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Lee SH, Jaganath IB, Atiya N, Manikam R, Sekaran SD. Suppression of ERK1/2 and hypoxia pathways by four Phyllanthus species inhibits metastasis of human breast cancer cells. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:855-865. [PMID: 28911625 PMCID: PMC9337293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapies remain far from ideal due to drug resistance; therefore, novel chemotherapeutic agents with higher effectiveness are crucial. The extracts of four Phyllanthus species, namely Phyllanthus niruri, Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthus watsonii, and Phyllanthus amarus, were shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit metastasis of breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7). The main objective of this study was to determine the pathways utilized by these four Phyllanthus species to exert anti-metastatic activities. A cancer 10-pathway reporter was used to investigate the pathways affected by the four Phyllanthus species. Results indicated that these Phyllanthus species suppressed breast carcinoma metastasis and proliferation by suppressing matrix metalloprotein 2 and 9 expression via inhibition of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. Additionally, inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α in the hypoxia pathway caused reduced vascular endothelial growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, resulting in anti-angiogenic effects and eventually anti-metastasis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis identified numerous proteins suppressed by these Phyllanthus species, including invasion proteins, anti-apoptotic protein, protein-synthesis proteins, angiogenic and mobility proteins, and various glycolytic enzymes. Our results indicated that ERK and hypoxia pathways are the most likely targets of the four Phyllanthus species for the inhibition of MCF-7 metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau H. Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
| | - Indu B. Jaganath
- Biotechnology Centre, Malaysia Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400, Serdang,
Malaysia
| | - Nadia Atiya
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, 50603, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, 50603, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
| | - Shamala D. Sekaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
- Corresponding author. Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail address: (S.D. Sekaran)
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23
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Su YC, Lin IH, Siao YM, Liu CJ, Yeh CC. Modulation of the Tumor Metastatic Microenvironment and Multiple Signal Pathways by Prunella vulgaris in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:835-49. [PMID: 27222069 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used clinically for centuries in Asian countries to treat herpetic keratitis. In previous studies, PV was shown to suppress TPA-induced activation of MMP-9 and inhibit cell invasion and migration in hepatoma cell lines. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying these effects is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying PV-mediated inhibition of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cell invasion and inhibition of secreted and cytosolic MMP-9 production in human hepatoma cells (Huh-7 and HA22T). PV suppressed VEGF and MMP-9 transcription by inhibiting activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B (NF-[Formula: see text]B) activity. PV suppressed TPA-induced AP-1 activity by inhibiting phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), downregulating p38 signaling pathways, and suppressing TPA-induced inhibition of NF-[Formula: see text]B nuclear translocation through I[Formula: see text]B. PV suppressed TPA-induced activation of ERK/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt upstream of NF-[Formula: see text]B and AP-1. These data suggest that PV modifies the metastatic microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by inhibiting multiple signal transduction pathways. PV thus may have the therapeutic potential to inhibit the migration and invasion of HCC and act as potential agent for systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Su
- * Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Lin
- ‡ School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Miao Siao
- † Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Liu
- † Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chou Yeh
- † Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,‡ School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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24
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Xuan Y, Chi L, Tian H, Cai W, Sun C, Wang T, Zhou X, Shao M, Zhu Y, Niu C, Sun Y, Cong W, Zhu Z, Li Z, Wang Y, Jin L. The activation of the NF-κB-JNK pathway is independent of the PI3K-Rac1-JNK pathway involved in the bFGF-regulated human fibroblast cell migration. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 82:28-37. [PMID: 26829882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin wound healing is a complex process that repairs multiple organ-tissues. Fibroblasts are key players of skin cells, whose migration is important during wound healing process. bFGF has shown a great efficacy to promote cell migration, but the precise mechanism by which bFGF regulates cell migration remains elusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to find bFGF-regulated gene pools and further identify target molecules that participated in human fibroblast cell migration. METHODS Skin primary fibroblasts and rat skin wound model were used to demonstrate the novel mechanism of bFGF regulating cell migration to accelerate wound healing. Cell migration was determined using the wound healing scratch assay. The differentially expressed genes and numerous biochemical pathways after bFGF treatment were identified by RNA-Seq analysis, and differentially expressed genes were further verified by qRT-PCR. siRNA duplex target to interfering the expression of PI3-kinase (p110α) was transformed into NIH/3T3 cells. Western blotting analysis was used to determine marker protein expressions. The invasive activity of fibroblasts was measured using 3D spheroid cell invasion assay. RESULTS RNA-Seq analysis identified numerous biochemical pathways including the NF-κB pathway under the control of FGF signaling. bFGF negatively regulates the phosphorylation of IκB-α, the most well studied NF-κB signaling regulator while bFGF induces JNK phosphorylation. Application of Bay11-7082, a representative NF-κB inhibitor promoted cell migration, invasion and enhanced the JNKs phosphorylation. However, inhibition of JNKs blocked cell migration when NF-κB is inhibited. Moreover, application of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 together with Bay11-7082 maintained normal cell migration and knocking-down PI3K (p110α) by a specific siRNA inhibited JNKs phosphorylation while maintaining normal IκBα phosphorylation, indicating that PI3K and NF-κB signaling independently regulate JNKs activation. In addition, administration of bFGF or Bay11-7082 promoted rat skin wound repair and accelerated the invasion of fibroblasts. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on the mode of action of bFGF and identifies that the NF-κB-JNKs pathway is independent of the PI3K-JNKs pathway to accelerate fibroblast migration. In addition, bFGF and the relief of inflammation could be a favorable therapeutic approach for skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhu Xuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lisha Chi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Haishan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wanhui Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Congcong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chao Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yusheng Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of neuroscience, Department of histology and embryology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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25
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Chen JH, Tsai CH, Lin HY, Huang CF, Leung YM, Lai SW, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Lu DY, Lin C. Interlukin-18 Is a Pivot Regulatory Factor on Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Expression and Brain Astrocytic Migration. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6218-6227. [PMID: 26558633 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) has been shown to be elevated in some pathophysiological conditions and is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix in astrocytes. In current study, the function of MMP-13 was further investigated. The conditioned medium (CM) collected from activated microglia increased interleukin (IL)-18 production and enhanced MMP-13 expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant IL-18 increased MMP-13 protein and mRNA levels in astrocytes. Recombinant IL-18 stimulation also increased the enzymatic activity of MMP-13 and the migratory activity of astrocytes, while administration of MMP-13 or pan-MMP inhibitors antagonized IL-18-induced migratory activity of astrocytes. In addition, administration of recombinant IL-18 to astrocytes led to the phosphorylation of JNK, Akt, or PKCδ, and treatment of astrocytes with JNK, PI3 kinase/Akt, or PKCδ inhibitors significantly decreased the IL-18-induced migratory activity. Taken together, the results suggest that IL-18-induced MMP-13 expression in astrocytes is regulated by JNK, PI3 kinase/Akt, and PKCδ signaling pathways. These findings also indicate that IL-18 is an important regulator leading to MMP-13 expression and cell migration in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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26
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Berardi DE, Flumian C, Rodriguez CE, Díaz Bessone MI, Cirigliano SM, Bal de Kier Joffé ED, Fiszman GL, Urtreger AJ, Todaro LB. PKCδ Inhibition Impairs Mammary Cancer Proliferative Capacity But Selects Cancer Stem Cells, Involving Autophagy. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:730-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián E. Berardi
- Research Area; Institute of Oncology “Angel H. Roffo”; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Carolina Flumian
- Research Area; Institute of Oncology “Angel H. Roffo”; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Cristina E. Rodriguez
- Research Area; Institute of Oncology “Angel H. Roffo”; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María I. Díaz Bessone
- Research Area; Institute of Oncology “Angel H. Roffo”; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Stefano M. Cirigliano
- Research Area; Institute of Oncology “Angel H. Roffo”; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Elisa D. Bal de Kier Joffé
- Research Area; Institute of Oncology “Angel H. Roffo”; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriel L. Fiszman
- Research Area; Institute of Oncology “Angel H. Roffo”; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Alejandro J. Urtreger
- Research Area; Institute of Oncology “Angel H. Roffo”; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Laura B. Todaro
- Research Area; Institute of Oncology “Angel H. Roffo”; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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Noh EM, Lee YR, Hong OY, Jung SH, Youn HJ, Kim JS. Aurora kinases are essential for PKC-induced invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:803-10. [PMID: 26044736 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aurora kinase family of serine/threonine kinases are known to be crucial for cell cycle control. Aurora kinases are considered a target of anticancer drugs. However, few studies have assessed the effect of Aurora kinases in breast cancer. In the present study, to determine whether Aurora kinases play a role in oncogenic actions of protein kinase C (PKC), we investigated the effect of Aurora kinases on PKC-induced invasion and MMP-9 expression using breast cancer cells. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced the upregulation and phosphorylation of Aurora kinases via the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, the inhibition of Aurora kinases by their siRNAs and inhibitors suppressed TPA-induced cell invasion and expression of MMP-9 by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/AP-1, major transcription factors for MMP-9 expression in MCF-7 cells. These results suggested that Aurora kinases mediate PKC-MAPK signal to NF-κB/AP-1 with increasing MMP-9 expression and invasion of MCF-7 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that Aurora kinases are key molecules in PKC-induced invasion in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Noh
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 560‑182, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rae Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Biomaterials-Implant, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - On-Yu Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 560‑182, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoo Jung
- Department of Surgery and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 560-182, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jo Youn
- Department of Surgery and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 560-182, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 560‑182, Republic of Korea
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28
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Antiproliferative Effect of Rottlerin on Sk-Mel-28 Melanoma Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:545838. [PMID: 26161122 PMCID: PMC4464680 DOI: 10.1155/2015/545838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and chemoresistant form of skin cancer. Mutated, constitutively active B-RAF is believed to play a crucial role, although the selective B-RAF inhibition has shown poor clinical success, since phenomena of resistance usually occur, likely arising from additional genetic aberrations, such as loss of function of p53 and PTEN, overexpression of cyclin D1, hyperactivation of NF-κB, and downregulation of p21/Cip1. Since all of them are present in the Sk-Mel-28 melanoma cells, this cell line could be an ideal, albeit hard to study, model to develop new therapeutic strategies. In the current study, we tested the cytostatic action of Rottlerin on Sk-Mel-28 melanoma cells, on the basis of the known Rottlerin effects on the main proliferative signaling pathways. We presented evidence that the drug inhibits cell growth by an Akt- and p21/Cip1-independent mechanism, involving the dual inhibition of ERK and NF-κB and downregulation of cyclin D1. In addition, we found that Rottlerin increases ERK phosphorylation, but, surprisingly, this resulted in decreased ERK activity. Pull-down experiments, using Rottlerin-CNBr-conjugated Sepharose beads, revealed that Rottlerin binds to ERK, independently from its phosphorylation status. This direct interaction could in part explain the paradoxical blockage of ERK downstream signaling and growth arrest. We would like to dedicate this paper to the memory of our friend and colleague, prematurely deceased, Claudia Torricelli, who actively contributed to this project
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29
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Yen HR, Liu CJ, Yeh CC. Naringenin suppresses TPA-induced tumor invasion by suppressing multiple signal transduction pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 235:1-9. [PMID: 25866363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin, a common dietary flavonoid abundantly present in fruits and vegetables, is believed to possess strong anti-proliferative properties and the ability to induce apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines. However, there are no reports describing its effects on the invasion and metastasis of hepatoma cell lines, and the detailed molecular mechanisms of its effects are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying naringenin-mediated inhibition of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cell invasion and inhibition of secreted and cytosolic MMP-9 production in human hepatoma cells (HepG2, Huh-7, and HA22T) and murine embryonic liver cells (BNL CL2). Naringenin suppressed MMP-9 transcription by inhibiting activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. It suppressed TPA-induced AP-1 activity through inhibiting the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, and it suppressed TPA-induced inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation through IκB. Additionally, it suppressed TPA-induced activation of ERK/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt upstream of NF-κB and AP-1. These data suggest that naringenin suppresses the invasiveness and metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by inhibiting multiple signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Rong Yen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chou Yeh
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
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30
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Song ZB, Ni JS, Wu P, Bao YL, Liu T, Li M, Fan C, Zhang WJ, Sun LG, Huang YX, Li YX. Testes-specific protease 50 promotes cell invasion and metastasis by increasing NF-kappaB-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1703. [PMID: 25811800 PMCID: PMC4385939 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The high mortality in breast cancer is often associated with metastatic progression in patients. Previously we have demonstrated that testes-specific protease 50 (TSP50), an oncogene overexpressed in breast cancer samples, could promote cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, whether TSP50 also has a key role in cell invasion and cancer metastasis, and the mechanism underlying the process are still unclear. Here we found that TSP50 overexpression greatly promoted cell migration, invasion, adhesion and formation of the stellate structures in 3D culture system in vitro as well as lung metastasis in vivo. Conversely, TSP50 knockdown caused the opposite changes. Mechanistic studies revealed that NF-κB signaling pathway was required for TSP50-induced cell migration and metastasis, and further results indicated that TSP50 overexpression enhanced expression and secretion of MMP9, a target gene of NF-κB signaling. In addition, knockdown of MMP9 resulted in inhibition of cell migration and invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Most importantly, immunohistochemical staining of human breast cancer samples strongly showed that the coexpression of TSP50 and p65 as well as TSP50 and MMP9 were correlated with increased metastasis and poor survival. Furthermore, we found that some breast cancer diagnosis-associated features such as tumor size, tumor grade, estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) levels, were correlated well with TSP50/p65 and TSP50/MMP9 expression status. Taken together, this work identified the TSP50 activation of MMP9 as a novel signaling mechanism underlying human breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Song
- 1] National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - J-S Ni
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - P Wu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Y L Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - T Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - C Fan
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - W J Zhang
- 1] National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - L G Sun
- 1] National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Y X Huang
- 1] Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Y X Li
- 1] Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Li C, Zhao Y, Yang D, Yu Y, Guo H, Zhao Z, Zhang B, Yin X. Inhibitory effects of kaempferol on the invasion of human breast carcinoma cells by downregulating the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:16-27. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been regarded as major critical molecules assisting tumor cells during metastasis, for excessive ECM (ECM) degradation, and cancer cell invasion. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo assays were employed to examine the inhibitory effects of kaempferol, a natural polyphenol of flavonoid family, on tumor metastasis. Data showed that kaempferol could inhibit adhesion, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells. Moreover, kaempferol led to the reduced activity and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which were detected by gelatin zymography, real-time PCR, and western blot analysis, respectively. Further elucidation of the mechanism revealed that kaempferol treatment inhibited the activation of transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) and MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, kaempferol repressed phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced MMP-9 expression and activity through suppressing the translocation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) and MAPK signaling pathway. Our results also indicated that kaempferol could block the lung metastasis of B16F10 murine melanoma cells as well as the expression of MMP-9 in vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrated that kaempferol could inhibit cancer cell invasion through blocking the PKCδ/MAPK/AP-1 cascade and subsequent MMP-9 expression and its activity. Therefore, kaempferol might act as a therapeutic potential candidate for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Tongshan Road 209#, 221004, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanwei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Tongshan Road 209#, 221004, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Tongshan Road 209#, 221004, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Tongshan Road 209#, 221004, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Tongshan Road 209#, 221004, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Tongshan Road 209#, 221004, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Tongshan Road 209#, 221004, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Tseng CH, Tzeng CC, Chiu CC, Hsu CY, Chou CK, Chen YL. Discovery of 2-[2-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)vinyl]quinoline derivatives as a novel type of antimetastatic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:141-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Phosphorylation of RSK2 at Tyr529 by FGFR2-p38 enhances human mammary epithelial cells migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2461-70. [PMID: 25014166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The members of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family of Ser/Thr kinases are downstream effectors of MAPK/ERK pathway that regulate diverse cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation and survival. In carcinogenesis, RSKs are thought to modulate cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Herein, we have studied an involvement of RSKs in FGF2/FGFR2-driven behaviours of mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. We found that both silencing and inhibiting of FGFR2 attenuated phosphorylation of RSKs, whereas FGFR2 overexpression and/or its stimulation with FGF2 enhanced RSKs activity. Moreover, treatment with ERK, Src and p38 inhibitors revealed that p38 kinase acts as an upstream RSK2 regulator. We demonstrate for the first time that in FGF2/FGFR2 signalling, p38 but not MEK/ERK, indirectly activated RSK2 at Tyr529, which facilitated phosphorylation of its other residues (Thr359/Ser363, Thr573 and Ser380). In contrast to FGF2-triggered signalling, inhibition of p38 in the EGF pathway affected only RSK2-Tyr529, without any impact on the remaining RSK phosphorylation sites. p38-mediated phosphorylation of RSK2-Tyr529 was crucial for the transactivation of residues located at kinase C-terminal domain and linker-region, specifically, in the FGF2/FGFR2 signalling pathway. Furthermore, we show that FGF2 promoted anchorage-independent cell proliferation, formation of focal adhesions and cell migration, which was effectively abolished by treatment with RSKs inhibitor (FMK). These indicate that RSK2 activity is indispensable for FGF2/FGFR2-mediated cellular effects. Our findings identified a new FGF2/FGFR2-p38-RSK2 pathway, which may play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer and, hence, may present a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of FGFR2-expressing tumours.
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Noh KH, Kim SH, Kim JH, Song KH, Lee YH, Kang TH, Han HD, Sood AK, Ng J, Kim K, Sonn CH, Kumar V, Yee C, Lee KM, Kim TW. API5 confers tumoral immune escape through FGF2-dependent cell survival pathway. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3556-66. [PMID: 24769442 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Identifying immune escape mechanisms used by tumors may define strategies to sensitize them to immunotherapies to which they are otherwise resistant. In this study, we show that the antiapoptotic gene API5 acts as an immune escape gene in tumors by rendering them resistant to apoptosis triggered by tumor antigen-specific T cells. Its RNAi-mediated silencing in tumor cells expressing high levels of API5 restored antigen-specific immune sensitivity. Conversely, introducing API5 into API5(low) cells conferred immune resistance. Mechanistic investigations revealed that API5 mediated resistance by upregulating FGF2 signaling through a FGFR1/PKCδ/ERK effector pathway that triggered degradation of the proapoptotic molecule BIM. Blockade of FGF2, PKCδ, or ERK phenocopied the effect of API5 silencing in tumor cells expressing high levels of API5 to either murine or human antigen-specific T cells. Our results identify a novel mechanism of immune escape that can be inhibited to potentiate the efficacy of targeted active immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Noh
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University; Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Tae Heung Kang
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Hee Dong Han
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea; Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA
| | - Joanne Ng
- Global Research Lab, Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Global Research Lab, Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Immunology, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chung Hee Sonn
- Global Research Lab, Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Immunology, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Global Research Lab, Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul;
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University; Global Research Lab, Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science and Department of Biochemistry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul;
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Nuclear SIPA1 activates integrin β1 promoter and promotes invasion of breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2014; 34:1451-62. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li W, Li M, Su X, Qin L, Miao M, Yu C, Shen Y, Luo Q, Chen Q. Mycoepoxydiene induces apoptosis and inhibits TPA-induced invasion in human cholangiocarcinoma cells via blocking NF-κB pathway. Biochimie 2014; 101:183-91. [PMID: 24486723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a chemoresistant bile duct carcinoma with a poor prognosis. Conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy have not been reported to be effective in improving long-term survival. Mycoepoxydiene (MED), a polyketide isolated from the marine fungal strain Diaporthe sp. HLY-1 associated with mangroves, has been shown to be an agent capable of inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 and Hela cell lines. However, little is known about the effect of MED in CCA. Herein, we investigated the effect of MED on CCA cells proliferation and invasion. The results demonstrated that MED induced apoptosis in CCA cells such as SK-ChA-1 and Mz-ChA-1 through inhibiting the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, two targets of NF-κB. In addition, MED significantly inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced CCA cells invasion in a dose-dependent manner by reducing the expression of matrix metalloelastase 9 (MMP-9). Moreover, MED inhibited TPA-induced NF-κB activation via blocking phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK). MED had no effect on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, which are also involved in regulating the MMP-9 expression. Collectively, MED significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion of CCA cells such as SK-ChA-1 and Mz-ChA-1, suggesting that MED is a potential lead compound for the development of novel drugs for therapy of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xinhui Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Liping Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Mengmeng Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qi Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.
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Wang SD, Chen BC, Kao ST, Liu CJ, Yeh CC. Genistein inhibits tumor invasion by suppressing multiple signal transduction pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:26. [PMID: 24433534 PMCID: PMC3933236 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein (Gen) exhibits anti-mutagenic and anti-metastatic activities in hepatoma cell lines. Gen has suppressive effects on tumor growth and angiogenesis in nude mice. Gen suppresses the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9; however, the mechanism underlying its anti-invasive activity on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is unclear. METHODS In this study, the possible mechanisms underlying Gen-mediated reduction of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cell invasion and inhibition of secreted and cytosolic MMP-9 production in human hepatoma cells (HepG2, Huh-7, and HA22T) and murine embryonic liver cells (BNL CL2) were investigated. RESULTS Gen suppressed MMP-9 transcription by inhibiting activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) activity. Gen suppressed TPA-induced AP-1 activity through inhibitory phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, and TPA-stimulated inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation through IκB inhibitory signaling pathways. Moreover, Gen suppressed TPA-induced activation of ERK/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt upstream of NF-κB and AP-1. CONCLUSIONS Gen and its inhibition of multiple signal transduction pathways can control the invasiveness and metastatic potential of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulhn-Der Wang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Collage of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Chyuan Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, 2 Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, 2 Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chou Yeh
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, 2 Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
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Liu Y, Cao W, Zhang B, Liu YQ, Wang ZY, Wu YP, Yu XJ, Zhang XD, Ming PH, Zhou GB, Huang L. The natural compound magnolol inhibits invasion and exhibits potential in human breast cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3098. [PMID: 24226295 PMCID: PMC3827615 DOI: 10.1038/srep03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the main causes of treatment failure and death in breast cancer. Thus, novel invasion-based therapies such as those involving natural agents are urgently required. In this study, we examined the effects of magnolol (Mag), a compound extracted from medicinal herbs, on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Highly invasive cancer cells were found to be highly sensitive to treatment. Mag markedly inhibited the activity of highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, Mag significantly downregulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, an enzyme critical to tumor invasion. Mag also inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity and the DNA binding of NF-κB to MMP-9 promoter. These results indicate that Mag suppresses tumor invasion by inhibiting MMP-9 through the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, Mag overcame the promoting effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings reveal the therapeutic potential and mechanism of Mag against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- 1] School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China [2] The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene & Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science & Technology (prep), Center for Biotechnology & Biomedicine and Division of Life & Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China [3]
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Bohrer LR, Chuntova P, Bade LK, Beadnell TC, Leon RP, Brady NJ, Ryu Y, Goldberg JE, Schmechel SC, Koopmeiners JS, McCarthy JB, Schwertfeger KL. Activation of the FGFR-STAT3 pathway in breast cancer cells induces a hyaluronan-rich microenvironment that licenses tumor formation. Cancer Res 2013; 74:374-86. [PMID: 24197137 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) contributes to breast cancer growth, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Because of the complex nature of the FGF/FGFR axis, and the numerous effects of FGFR activation on tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, the specific mechanisms through which aberrant FGFR activity contributes to breast cancer are not completely understood. We show here that FGFR activation induces accumulation of hyaluronan within the extracellular matrix and that blocking hyaluronan synthesis decreases proliferation, migration, and therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, FGFR-mediated hyaluronan accumulation requires activation of the STAT3 pathway, which regulates expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and subsequent hyaluronan synthesis. Using a novel in vivo model of FGFR-dependent tumor growth, we demonstrate that STAT3 inhibition decreases both FGFR-driven tumor growth and hyaluronan levels within the tumor. Finally, our results suggest that combinatorial therapies inhibiting both FGFR activity and hyaluronan synthesis is more effective than targeting either pathway alone and may be a relevant therapeutic approach for breast cancers associated with high levels of FGFR activity. In conclusion, these studies indicate a novel targetable mechanism through which FGFR activation in breast cancer cells induces a protumorigenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Bohrer
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology; Masonic Cancer Center; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Masonic Cancer Center; Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program; Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics; BioNet, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Hamline University, Biology Department, Saint Paul, Minnesota; and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Hsin CH, Wu BC, Chuang CY, Yang SF, Hsieh YH, Ho HY, Lin HP, Chen MK, Lin CW. Selaginella tamariscina extract suppresses TPA-induced invasion and metastasis through inhibition of MMP-9 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:234. [PMID: 24053256 PMCID: PMC3850717 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is known for its high incidence of neck lymph node metastasis, which represents poor prognosis. The present study aimed to examine the anti-metastatic properties of Selaginella tamariscina extract (STE) in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells in vitro. Methods Cell viability was examined by MTT assay, whereas cell motility was measured by invasive, migration and would healing assays. Real-time PCR, and promoter assays confirmed the inhibitory effects of STE on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA level in HONE-1 cells. Results The STE inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced HONE-1 cell migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. By zymographic and Western blot analyses, STE was shown to inhibit the activities and expression of MMP-9. Treatment of STE on TPA-induced HONE-1 cells inhibited MMP-9 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation without affecting JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Conclusions STE inhibits MMP-9 expression and HONE-1 cell metastasis. Its inhibitory effects may involve the Src/FAK/ERK 1/2 pathway. STE may have the potential of being an anti-metastatic agent against NPC.
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Ju BG, Shin JY, Kim WS. Dedifferentiation-specific expression of MMP-9 and the effects of RA on its expression during salamander limb regeneration. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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FGF-2 prevents cancer cells from ER stress-mediated apoptosis via enhancing proteasome-mediated Nck degradation. Biochem J 2013; 452:139-45. [PMID: 23448571 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Induction of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells represents an alternative approach for cancer therapy. Whether FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor 2)-induced survival signals may interact with ER stress signalling in cancer cells remains elusive. In the present study, we showed that pretreatment with FGF-2 decreased the inhibition of DNA synthesis and induction of apoptosis by two different ER stress inducers, TM (tunicamycin) and TG (thapsigargin), in both human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Pretreatment with FGF-2 prevented ER stress-mediated apoptosis by decreasing ER stress-induced CHOP [C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein)-homologous protein] expression. We further demonstrated that pretreatment with FGF-2 mediated the decrease in TM-induced CHOP expression and apoptosis through ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that FGF-2 promoted proteasome-mediated degradation of Nck (non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein), an SH (Src homology) 2/SH3-containing adaptor protein. Whereas overexpression of Nck1 decreased FGF-2-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation to inhibit the effect of FGF-2 on TM-induced CHOP expression and apoptosis, a decrease in Nck expression prevented TM-induced CHOP expression and apoptosis. Taken together, the findings of the present study provide the first evidence that Nck plays a pivotal role in integrating FGF-2 and ER stress signals to counteract the ER stress deleterious effect on cancer cell survival.
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Aquaporin3 is required for FGF-2-induced migration of human breast cancers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56735. [PMID: 23468877 PMCID: PMC3585269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aquaporin (AQP) family consists of a number of small integral membrane proteins that transport water and glycerol. AQPs are critical for trans-epithelial fluid transport. Recent reports demonstrated that AQPs, particularly AQP1 and AQP5, are expressed in high grade tumor cells of a variety of tissue origins, and that AQPs are involved in cell migration and metastasis. Based on this background, we examined whether AQP3, another important member of the AQP family, could facilitate cell migration in human breast cancers. METHODS Potential role of AQP3 was examined using two representative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and Bcap-37). Briefly, AQP3 expression was inhibited with a lentivirus construct that stably expressed shRNA against the AQP3 mRNA. AQP3 expression inhibition was verified with Western blot. Cell migration was examined using a wound scratch assay in the presence of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In additional experiments, AQP3 was inhibited by CuSO4. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitor PD173074, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 were used to dissect the molecular mechanism of FGF-2 induced AQP3 expression. RESULTS FGF-2 treatment increased AQP3 expression and induced cell migration in a dose dependent manner. Silencing AQP3 expression by a lentiviral shRNA inhibited FGF-2 induced cell migration. CuSO4, a water transport inhibitor selective for AQP3, also suppressed FGF-2-induced cell migration. The FGFR kinase inhibitor PD173074, significantly inhibited FGF-2-induced AQP3 expression and cell migration. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 inhibited, but not fully blocked, FGF-2-induced AQP3 expression and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS AQP3 is required for FGF-2-induced cell migration in cultured human breast cancer cells. Our findings also suggest the importance of FGFR-PI3K and FGFR-ERK signaling in FGF-2-induced AQP3 expression. In summary, our findings suggest a novel function of AQP3 in cell migration and metastasis of breast cancers.
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Xu Y, Zou ST, Zhu R, Li W, Gu CW, Wei SH, Xie JM, Wu HR. Inhibition of proliferation of estrogen receptor‑positive MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells by tamoxifen through c‑Jun transcription factors. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1283-7. [PMID: 23404426 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator of protein 1 (AP-1) is a heterodimeric transcription factor composed of various members of the Jun and Fos families and binds to DNA at specific AP-1 binding sites. AP-1 transcriptional activity is increased by phosphorylation at serine residues in the c‑Jun component of AP-1. In the present study, the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was found to be suppressed by tamoxifen (TAM)-activated c-Jun through the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. The molecular mechanism by which c‑Jun activation induces antiproliferative signals in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells remains unknown. TAM inhibited the proliferation of ER-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and ER-negative MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells and 48 h incubation with 10 µM TAM led to inhibition of 80% of proliferation. In addition, no significant difference in c-Jun mRNA and protein levels was detected in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 cells stimulated by TAM for 48 h. TAM treatment of MCF-7 cells activated the transcriptional activity of AP-1, which responds specifically to phorbol ester. To determine the role of c-Jun in the antiproliferation of MCF-7 cells stimulated by TAM, the inhibition rates of MCF‑7 cells were correlated with c‑Jun expression and stimulation of TAM. Results showed that the inhibition rate of TAM-stimulated MCF-7 cells was positively regulated by overexpression of c-Jun and negatively regulated by underexpression of c-Jun. Overall, these results indicate that the TAM-stimulated antiproliferation of MCF-7 cells is positively regulated by c-Jun through activation of the PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R China
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Chen HW, Chao CY, Lin LL, Lu CY, Liu KL, Lii CK, Li CC. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by docosahexaenoic acid mediated by heme oxygenase 1 in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:857-69. [PMID: 23288142 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-1003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis. Previous studies showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibit an anti-cancer effect in various human carcinoma cells, but the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linoleic acid (LA) on metastasis of breast cancer cells is not fully clarified. We studied the anti-metastasis potential of DHA and LA in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MCF-7 cells. We found that TPA (100 ng/ml) induced MMP-9 enzyme activity both dose- and time-dependently, and 200 μM DHA and LA significantly inhibited MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression, enzyme activity, cell migration, and invasion. Treatment with PD98059 (10 μM), wortmannin (10 μM), and GF109203X (0.5 μM) decreased TPA-induced MMP-9 protein expression and enzyme activity. TPA-induced activation of ERK1, Akt, and PKCδ was attenuated by DHA, whereas LA attenuated only ERK1 activation. GF109203X also suppressed ERK1 activation. EMSA showed that DHA, LA, PD98059, and wortmannin decreased TPA-induced NF-κB and AP-1 DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, DHA rather than LA dose-dependently increased HO-1 expression. HO-1 siRNA alleviated the inhibition by DHA of TPA-induced MMP-9 protein expression and enzyme activity in MCF-7 cells, and HO-1 knockdown reversed the DHA inhibition of cell migration. These results suggest that DHA and LA have both similar and divergent signaling pathways in the suppression of TPA-induced MCF-7 metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Karunakaran D, Kockx M, Owen DM, Burnett JR, Jessup W, Kritharides L. Protein kinase C controls vesicular transport and secretion of apolipoprotein E from primary human macrophages. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:5186-97. [PMID: 23288845 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.428961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-specific apolipoprotein E (apoE) secretion plays an important protective role in atherosclerosis. However, the precise signaling mechanisms regulating apoE secretion from primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) remain unclear. Here we investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in regulating basal and stimulated apoE secretion from HMDMs. Treatment of HMDMs with structurally distinct pan-PKC inhibitors (calphostin C, Ro-31-8220, Go6976) and a PKC inhibitory peptide all significantly decreased apoE secretion without significantly affecting apoE mRNA or apoE protein levels. The PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated apoE secretion, and both PMA-induced and apoAI-induced apoE secretion were inhibited by PKC inhibitors. PKC regulation of apoE secretion was found to be independent of the ATP binding cassette transporter ABCA1. Live cell imaging demonstrated that PKC inhibitors inhibited vesicular transport of apoE to the plasma membrane. Pharmacological or peptide inhibitor and knockdown studies indicate that classical isoforms PKCα/β and not PKCδ, -ε, -θ, or -ι/ζ isoforms regulate apoE secretion from HMDMs. The activity of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS) correlated with modulation of PKC activity in these cells, and direct peptide inhibition of MARCKS inhibited apoE secretion, implicating MARCKS as a downstream effector of PKC in apoE secretion. Comparison with other secreted proteins indicated that PKC similarly regulated secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and chitinase-3-like-1 protein but differentially affected the secretion of other proteins. In conclusion, PKC regulates the secretion of apoE from primary human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denuja Karunakaran
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Kang H, Lee M, Choi KC, Shin DM, Ko J, Jang SW. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide inhibits breast cancer cell invasion through suppressing NF-KB activation and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2845-55. [PMID: 22488409 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) has been reported to exhibit anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activities by suppressing the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that 4-HPR blocks the activity of MMP-9 in two ways: by reducing phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MMP-9 secretion and by suppressing cell invasion through the downregulation of MMP-9 gene transcription in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 4-HPR inhibits the transcriptional activity of MMP-9 by reducing the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB on the MMP-9 promoter as well as by inhibiting the degradation of IκBα, leading to cytoplasmic accumulation of NF-κB. We also found that 4-HPR inhibits invasion and MMP-9 expression in the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Thus, 4-HPR might be a potent anti-invasive agent that works by suppressing MMP-9 expression via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyereen Kang
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, University of Ulsan, Pungnap-2 dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Bohrer LR, Schwertfeger KL. Macrophages promote fibroblast growth factor receptor-driven tumor cell migration and invasion in a CXCR2-dependent manner. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1294-305. [PMID: 22893608 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infiltration of immune cells, specifically macrophages, into the tumor microenvironment has been linked to increased mammary tumor formation and progression. Activation of growth factor receptor signaling pathways within mammary epithelial cells, such as the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) pathway, induces recruitment of macrophages to the mammary epithelium. These macrophages promote increased epithelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the specific mechanisms by which these macrophages are regulated by the preneoplastic epithelial cells and the mechanisms of action of the macrophages within the developing FGFR1-driven tumor microenvironment remain unknown. In this study, we show that activation of inducible FGFR1 in mammary glands leads to decreased activity of the TGFβ/Smad3 pathway in macrophages associated with early stage lesions. Further studies show that macrophages have increased expression of inflammatory chemokines that bind Cxcr2 following exposure to conditioned media from mammary epithelial and tumor cells in which the FGF pathway had been activated. The increase in these ligands is inhibited following activation of the TGFβ pathway, suggesting that decreased TGFβ signaling contributes to the upregulation of these chemokines. Using coculture studies, we further show that macrophages are capable of promoting epithelial and tumor cell migration and invasion through activation of Cxcr2. These results indicate that macrophage-derived Cxcr2 ligands may be important for promoting mammary tumor formation regulated by FGFR signaling. Furthermore, these results suggest that targeting Cxcr2 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancers that are associated with high levels of infiltrating macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Bohrer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Maccario C, Savio M, Ferraro D, Bianchi L, Pizzala R, Pretali L, Forti L, Stivala LA. The resveratrol analog 4,4'-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene suppresses transformation in normal mouse fibroblasts and inhibits proliferation and invasion of human breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2172-80. [PMID: 22828135 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
4,4'-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (DHS) is a synthetic analog of resveratrol, a phytoalexin known for its biological activities. We previously demonstrated that DHS exerts an antiproliferative effect on normal human fibroblasts that is higher than that of the natural parent molecule. No evidence regarding its role in human cancer cell lines has been found thus far. In this study, we investigated the effects of DHS both on chemical-induced transformation of BALB/c 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and on the proliferation and invasion of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The results showed that DHS markedly suppresses the two-stage (3-methylcholanthrene plus 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) cell transformation. Compared with resveratrol, DHS inhibited both anchorage-dependent and -independent MCF-7 growth more efficiently. In addition, a reduction in the number of cells in S-phase, characterized by a concomitant increase in the levels of p21 and p53 proteins, together with a strong inhibition of pRb protein phosphorylation, was observed in DHS-treated cells. Furthermore, DHS effected a strong reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities, concomitantly with a marked inhibition of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix components as well as inhibition of cell migration and invasion. Importantly, modulation of the adhesion molecule E-cadherin was also found in DHS-treated cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the two 4,4'-hydroxyl groups on the stilbenic backbone make DHS a more active molecule than resveratrol in inhibiting neoplastic transformation, cancer cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, this study suggests that DHS could be a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maccario
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, PV 27100, Italia
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Suppression of tumor growth in xenograft model mice by small interfering RNA targeting osteopontin delivery using biocompatible poly(amino ester). Int J Pharm 2012; 431:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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