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Sugumar T, Shen G, Smith J, Zhang H. Creating Climate-Resilient Crops by Increasing Drought, Heat, and Salt Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1238. [PMID: 38732452 PMCID: PMC11085490 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, the changes in the agriculture industry have been inevitable, considering the need to feed the growing population. As the world population continues to grow, food security has become challenged. Resources such as arable land and freshwater have become scarce due to quick urbanization in developing countries and anthropologic activities; expanding agricultural production areas is not an option. Environmental and climatic factors such as drought, heat, and salt stresses pose serious threats to food production worldwide. Therefore, the need to utilize the remaining arable land and water effectively and efficiently and to maximize the yield to support the increasing food demand has become crucial. It is essential to develop climate-resilient crops that will outperform traditional crops under any abiotic stress conditions such as heat, drought, and salt, as well as these stresses in any combinations. This review provides a glimpse of how plant breeding in agriculture has evolved to overcome the harsh environmental conditions and what the future would be like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharanya Sugumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (T.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Jennifer Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (T.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (T.S.); (J.S.)
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2
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Tojo H, Tabeta H, Gunji S, Hirai MY, David P, Javot H, Ferjani A. Roles of type II H +-PPases and PPsPase1/PECP2 in early developmental stages and PPi homeostasis of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1031426. [PMID: 36778688 PMCID: PMC9911876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1031426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of intracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) level is crucial for proper morphogenesis across all taxonomic kingdoms. PPi is released as a byproduct from ~200 metabolic reactions, then hydrolyzed by either membrane-bound (H+-PPase) or soluble pyrophosphatases (PPases). In Arabidopsis, the loss of the vacuolar H+-PPase/FUGU5, a key enzyme in PPi homeostasis, results in delayed growth and a number of developmental defects, pointing to the importance of PPi homeostasis in plant morphogenesis. The Arabidopsis genome encodes several PPases in addition to FUGU5, such as PPsPase1/PECP2, VHP2;1 and VHP2;2, although their significance regarding PPi homeostasis remains elusive. Here, to assess their contribution, phenotypic analyses of cotyledon aspect ratio, palisade tissue cellular phenotypes, adaxial side pavement cell complexity, stomatal distribution, and etiolated seedling length were performed, provided that they were altered due to excess PPi in a fugu5 mutant background. Overall, our analyses revealed that the above five traits were unaffected in ppspase1/pecp2, vhp2;1 and vhp2;2 loss-of-function mutants, as well as in fugu5 mutant lines constitutively overexpressing PPsPase1/PECP2. Furthermore, metabolomics revealed that ppspase1/pecp2, vhp2;1 and vhp2;2 etiolated seedlings exhibited metabolic profiles comparable to the wild type. Together, these results indicate that the contribution of PPsPase1/PECP2, VHP2;1 and VHP2;2 to PPi levels is negligible in comparison to FUGU5 in the early stages of seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tojo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Y. Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Pascale David
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Hélène Javot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Marseille, France
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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Kanaoka MM, Shimizu KK, Xie B, Urban S, Freeman M, Hong Z, Okada K. KOMPEITO, an Atypical Arabidopsis Rhomboid-Related Gene, Is Required for Callose Accumulation and Pollen Wall Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5959. [PMID: 35682638 PMCID: PMC9180352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization is a key event for sexually reproducing plants. Pollen-stigma adhesion, which is the first step in male-female interaction during fertilization, requires proper pollen wall patterning. Callose, which is a β-1.3-glucan, is an essential polysaccharide that is required for pollen development and pollen wall formation. Mutations in CALLOSE SYNTHASE 5 (CalS5) disrupt male meiotic callose accumulation; however, how CalS5 activity and callose synthesis are regulated is not fully understood. In this paper, we report the isolation of a kompeito-1 (kom-1) mutant defective in pollen wall patterning and pollen-stigma adhesion in Arabidopsis thaliana. Callose was not accumulated in kom-1 meiocytes or microspores, which was very similar to the cals5 mutant. The KOM gene encoded a member of a subclass of Rhomboid serine protease proteins that lacked active site residues. KOM was localized to the Golgi apparatus, and both KOM and CalS5 genes were highly expressed in meiocytes. A 220 kDa CalS5 protein was detected in wild-type (Col-0) floral buds but was dramatically reduced in kom-1. These results suggested that KOM was required for CalS5 protein accumulation, leading to the regulation of meiocyte-specific callose accumulation and pollen wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro M. Kanaoka
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; (K.K.S.); (K.O.)
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (B.X.); (Z.H.)
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kentaro K. Shimizu
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; (K.K.S.); (K.O.)
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (B.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Sinisa Urban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK;
| | - Zonglie Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (B.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; (K.K.S.); (K.O.)
- Ryukoku Extension Center (REC) Ryukoku University, Yokotani 1-5, Seta Ohe-cho, Otsu-shi 520-2194, Japan
- Core Research of Science and Technology (CREST) Research Project, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Dave A, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Mechanism of high affinity potassium transporter (HKT) towards improved crop productivity in saline agricultural lands. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:51. [PMID: 35127306 PMCID: PMC8795266 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycophytic plants are susceptible to salinity and their growth is hampered in more than 40 mM of salt. Salinity not only affects crop yield but also limits available land for farming by decreasing its fertility. Presence of distinct traits in response to environmental conditions might result in evolutionary adaptations. A better understanding of salinity tolerance through a comprehensive study of how Na+ is transported will help in the development of plants with improved salinity tolerance and might lead to increased yield of crops growing in strenuous environment. Ion transporters play pivotal role in salt homeostasis and maintain low cytotoxic effect in the cell. High-affinity potassium transporters are the critical class of integral membrane proteins found in plants. It mainly functions to remove excess Na+ from the transpiration stream to prevent sodium toxicity in the salt-sensitive shoot and leaf tissues. However, there are large number of HKT proteins expressed in plants, and it is possible that these members perform in a wide range of functions. Understanding their mechanism and functions will aid in further manipulation and genetic transformation of different crops. This review focuses on current knowledge of ion selectivity and molecular mechanisms controlling HKT gene expression. The current review highlights the mechanism of different HKT transporters from different plant sources and how this knowledge could prove as a valuable tool to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dave
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India ,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India ,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Johansson NG, Dreano L, Vidilaseris K, Khattab A, Liu J, Lasbleiz A, Ribeiro O, Kiriazis A, Boije af Gennäs G, Meri S, Goldman A, Yli‐Kauhaluoma J, Xhaard H. Exploration of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as Membrane-Bound Pyrophosphatase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3360-3367. [PMID: 34459148 PMCID: PMC8597055 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of membrane-bound pyrophosphatase (mPPase) with small molecules offer a new approach in the fight against pathogenic protozoan parasites. mPPases are absent in humans, but essential for many protists as they couple pyrophosphate hydrolysis to the active transport of protons or sodium ions across acidocalcisomal membranes. So far, only few nonphosphorus inhibitors have been reported. Here, we explore the chemical space around previous hits using a combination of screening and synthetic medicinal chemistry, identifying compounds with low micromolar inhibitory activities in the Thermotoga maritima mPPase test system. We furthermore provide early structure-activity relationships around a new scaffold having a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core. The most promising pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine congener was further investigated and found to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum mPPase in membranes as well as the growth of P. falciparum in an ex vivo survival assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas G. Johansson
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Loïc Dreano
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Keni Vidilaseris
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ayman Khattab
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Translational Immunology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Arthur Lasbleiz
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Orquidea Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Alexandros Kiriazis
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Gustav Boije af Gennäs
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Translational Immunology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Department of Biosciences, Division of BiochemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9)00014HelsinkiFinland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of Leeds, Clarendon WayLeeds LS2 9JTUK
| | - Jari Yli‐Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E)00014HelsinkiFinland
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6
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Menadue DJ, Riboni M, Baumann U, Schilling RK, Plett DC, Roy SJ. Proton-pumping pyrophosphatase homeolog expression is a dynamic trait in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum). PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e354. [PMID: 34646976 PMCID: PMC8496507 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proton-pumping pyrophosphatases (H+-PPases) have been shown to enhance biomass and yield. However, to date, there has been little work towards identify genes encoding H+-PPases in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) (TaVPs) and limited knowledge on how the expression of these genes varies across different growth stages and tissue types. In this study, the IWGSC database was used to identify two novel TaVP genes, TaVP4 and TaVP5, and elucidate the complete homeolog sequences of the three known TaVP genes, bringing the total number of bread wheat TaVPs from 9 to 15. Gene expression levels of each TaVP homeolog were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in four diverse wheat varieties in terms of phenotypic traits related to high vacuolar pyrophosphatase expression. Homeolog expression was analyzed across multiple tissue types and developmental stages. Expression levels of the TaVP homeologs were found to vary significantly between varieties, tissues and plant developmental stages. During early development (Z10 and Z13), expressions of TaVP1 and TaVP2 homeologs were higher in shoot tissue than root tissue, with both shoot and root expression increasing in later developmental stages (Z22). TaVP2-D was expressed in all varieties and tissue types and was the most highly expressed homeolog at all developmental stages. Expression of the TaVP3 homeologs was restricted to developing grain (Z75), while TaVP4 homeolog expression was higher at Z22 than earlier developmental stages. Variation in TaVP4B was detected among varieties at Z22 and Z75, with Buck Atlantico (high biomass) and Scout (elite Australian cultivar) having the highest levels of expression. These findings offer a comprehensive overview of the bread wheat H+-PPase family and identify variation in TaVP homeolog expression that will be of use to improve the growth, yield, and abiotic stress tolerance of bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jamie Menadue
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Matteo Riboni
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rhiannon Kate Schilling
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Primary Industries and RegionsSouth Australian Research and Development InstituteUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Darren Craig Plett
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The Plant AcceleratorThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Stuart John Roy
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry ClimateUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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7
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Molecular characterization and transcriptional regulation of two types of H +-pyrophosphatases in the scuticociliate parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8519. [PMID: 33875762 PMCID: PMC8055999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H+-PPases) are an ancient family of membrane bound enzymes that couple pyrophosphate (PPi) hydrolysis to H+ translocation across membranes. In this study, we conducted a molecular characterization of two isoenzymes (PdVP1 and PdVP2) located in respectively the alveolar sacs and in the membranes of the intracellular vacuoles of a scuticociliate parasite (Philasterides dicentrarchi) of farmed turbot. We analyzed the genetic expression of the isoenzymes after administration of antiparasitic drugs and after infection in the host. PdVP1 and PdVP2 are encoded by two genes of 2485 and 3069 bp, which respectively contain 3 and 11 exons and express proteins of 746 and 810 aa of molecular mass 78.9 and 87.6 kDa. Topological predictions from isoenzyme sequences indicate the formation of thirteen transmembrane regions (TMRs) for PdVP1 and seventeen TMRs for PdVP2. Protein structure modelling indicated that both isoenzymes are homodimeric, with three Mg2+ binding sites and an additional K+ binding site in PdVP2. The levels of identity and similarity between the isoenzyme sequences are respectively 33.5 and 51.2%. The molecular weights of the native proteins are 158 kDa (PdVP1) and 178 kDa (PdVP2). The isoenzyme sequences are derived from paralogous genes that form a monophyletic grouping with other ciliate species. Genetic expression of the isoenzymes is closely related to the acidification of alveolar sacs (PdVP1) and intracellular vacuoles (PdVP2): antiparasitic drugs inhibit transcription, while infection increases transcription of both isoenzymes. The study findings show that P. dicentrarchi possesses two isoenzymes with H+-PPase activity which are located in acidophilic cell compartment membranes and which are activated during infection in the host and are sensitive to antiparasitic drugs. The findings open the way to using molecular modelling to design drugs for the treatment of scuticociliatosis.
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8
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Cosse M, Seidel T. Plant Proton Pumps and Cytosolic pH-Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672873. [PMID: 34177988 PMCID: PMC8220075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pumps create a proton motif force and thus, energize secondary active transport at the plasma nmembrane and endomembranes of the secretory pathway. In the plant cell, the dominant proton pumps are the plasma membrane ATPase, the vacuolar pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), and the vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase). All these pumps act on the cytosolic pH by pumping protons into the lumen of compartments or into the apoplast. To maintain the typical pH and thus, the functionality of the cytosol, the activity of the pumps needs to be coordinated and adjusted to the actual needs. The cellular toolbox for a coordinated regulation comprises 14-3-3 proteins, phosphorylation events, ion concentrations, and redox-conditions. This review combines the knowledge on regulation of the different proton pumps and highlights possible coordination mechanisms.
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Wani SH, Kumar V, Khare T, Guddimalli R, Parveda M, Solymosi K, Suprasanna P, Kavi Kishor PB. Engineering salinity tolerance in plants: progress and prospects. PLANTA 2020; 251:76. [PMID: 32152761 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to integrate conceptual framework based on the current understanding of salt stress responses with different approaches for manipulating and improving salt tolerance in crop plants. Soil salinity exerts significant constraints on global crop production, posing a serious challenge for plant breeders and biotechnologists. The classical transgenic approach for enhancing salinity tolerance in plants revolves by boosting endogenous defence mechanisms, often via a single-gene approach, and usually involves the enhanced synthesis of compatible osmolytes, antioxidants, polyamines, maintenance of hormone homeostasis, modification of transporters and/or regulatory proteins, including transcription factors and alternative splicing events. Occasionally, genetic manipulation of regulatory proteins or phytohormone levels confers salinity tolerance, but all these may cause undesired reduction in plant growth and/or yields. In this review, we present and evaluate novel and cutting-edge approaches for engineering salt tolerance in crop plants. First, we cover recent findings regarding the importance of regulatory proteins and transporters, and how they can be used to enhance salt tolerance in crop plants. We also evaluate the importance of halobiomes as a reservoir of genes that can be used for engineering salt tolerance in glycophytic crops. Additionally, the role of microRNAs as critical post-transcriptional regulators in plant adaptive responses to salt stress is reviewed and their use for engineering salt-tolerant crop plants is critically assessed. The potentials of alternative splicing mechanisms and targeted gene-editing technologies in understanding plant salt stress responses and developing salt-tolerant crop plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, 192 101, India.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016, India
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016, India
| | | | | | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, ELTE-Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1053, Hungary
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522 213, India
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10
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Holmes AOM, Kalli AC, Goldman A. The Function of Membrane Integral Pyrophosphatases From Whole Organism to Single Molecule. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:132. [PMID: 31824962 PMCID: PMC6882861 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane integral pyrophosphatases (mPPases) are responsible for the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate. This enzymatic mechanism is coupled to the pumping of H+ or Na+ across membranes in a process that can be K+ dependent or independent. Understanding the movements and dynamics throughout the mPPase catalytic cycle is important, as this knowledge is essential for improving or impeding protein function. mPPases have been shown to play a crucial role in plant maturation and abiotic stress tolerance, and so have the potential to be engineered to improve plant survival, with implications for global food security. mPPases are also selectively toxic drug targets, which could be pharmacologically modulated to reduce the virulence of common human pathogens. The last few years have seen the publication of many new insights into the function and structure of mPPases. In particular, there is a new body of evidence that the catalytic cycle is more complex than originally proposed. There are structural and functional data supporting a mechanism involving half-of-the-sites reactivity, inter-subunit communication, and exit channel motions. A more advanced and in-depth understanding of mPPases has begun to be uncovered, leaving the field of research with multiple interesting avenues for further exploration and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra O. M. Holmes
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Antreas C. Kalli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Astbury Centre for Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Goldman
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Research Program in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Primo C, Pizzio GA, Yang J, Gaxiola RA, Scholz-Starke J, Hirschi KD. Plant proton pumping pyrophosphatase: the potential for its pyrophosphate synthesis activity to modulate plant growth. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:989-996. [PMID: 31081197 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cellular pyrophosphate (PPi) homeostasis is vital for normal plant growth and development. Plant proton-pumping pyrophosphatases (H+ -PPases) are enzymes with different tissue-specific functions related to the regulation of PPi homeostasis. Enhanced expression of plant H+ -PPases increases biomass and yield in different crop species. Here, we emphasise emerging studies utilising heterologous expression in yeast and plant vacuole electrophysiology approaches, as well as phylogenetic relationships and structural analysis, to showcase that the H+ -PPases possess a PPi synthesis function. We postulate this synthase activity contributes to modulating and promoting plant growth both in H+ -PPase-engineered crops and in wild-type plants. We propose a model where the PPi synthase activity of H+ -PPases maintains the PPi pool when cells adopt PPi-dependent glycolysis during high energy demands and/or low oxygen environments. We conclude by proposing experiments to further investigate the H+ -PPase-mediated PPi synthase role in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Primo
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G A Pizzio
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R A Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - J Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
| | - K D Hirschi
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Serrano-Bueno G, Madroñal JM, Manzano-López J, Muñiz M, Pérez-Castiñeira JR, Hernández A, Serrano A. Nuclear proteasomal degradation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inorganic pyrophosphatase Ipp1p, a nucleocytoplasmic protein whose stability depends on its subcellular localization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1019-1033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Gutiérrez-Luna FM, Hernández-Domínguez EE, Valencia-Turcotte LG, Rodríguez-Sotres R. Review: "Pyrophosphate and pyrophosphatases in plants, their involvement in stress responses and their possible relationship to secondary metabolism". PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 267:11-19. [PMID: 29362089 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrophosphate (PPi) is produced as byproduct of biosynthesis in the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast, or in the tonoplast and Golgi by membrane-bound H+-pumping pyrophosphatases (PPv). Inorganic pyrophosphatases (E.C. 3.6.1.1; GO:0004427) impulse various biosynthetic reactions by recycling PPi and are essential to living cells. Soluble and membrane-bound enzymes of high specificity have evolved in different protein families and multiple pyrophosphatases are encoded in all plant genomes known to date. The soluble proteins are present in cytoplasm, extracellular space, inside chloroplasts, and perhaps inside mitochondria, nucleus or vacuoles. The cytoplasmic isoforms may compete for PPi with the PPv enzymes and how PPv and soluble activities are controlled is currently unknown, yet the cytoplasmic PPi concentration is high and fairly constant. Manipulation of the PPi metabolism impacts primary metabolism and vice versa, indicating a tight link between PPi levels and carbohydrate metabolism. These enzymes appear to play a role in germination, development and stress adaptive responses. In addition, the transgenic overexpression of PPv has been used to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress, but the reasons behind this tolerance are not completely understood. Finally, the relationship of PPi to stress suggest a currently unexplored link between PPi and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Morayna Gutiérrez-Luna
- FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, Ave. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Lilián Gabriela Valencia-Turcotte
- FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, Ave. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Rodríguez-Sotres
- FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, Ave. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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14
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Mettbach U, Strnad M, Mancuso S, Baluška F. Immunogold-EM analysis reveal brefeldin a-sensitive clusters of auxin in Arabidopsis root apex cells. Commun Integr Biol 2017; 10:e1327105. [PMID: 28702129 PMCID: PMC5501221 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1327105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogold electron microscopy (EM) study of Arabidopsis root apices analyzed using specific IAA antibody and high-pressure freeze fixation technique allowed, for the first time, vizualization of subcellular localization of IAA in cells assembled intactly within plant tissues. Our quantitative analysis reveals that there is considerable portion of IAA gold particles that clusters within vesicles and membraneous compartments in all root apex cells. There are clear tissue-specific and developmental differences of clustered IAA in root apices. These findings have significant consequences for our understanding of this small molecule which is controlling plant growth, development and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - S. Mancuso
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science & LINV, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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15
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Wang CS, Jiang QT, Ma J, Wang XY, Wang JR, Chen GY, Qi PF, Peng YY, Lan XJ, Zheng YL, Wei YM. Characterization and expression analyses of the H⁺-pyrophosphatase gene in rye. J Genet 2017; 95:565-72. [PMID: 27659326 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The H⁺-pyrophosphatase (H⁺-PPase) gene plays an important role in maintaining intracellular proton gradients. Here, we characterized the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) and DNA of the H⁺-PPase gene ScHP1 in rye (Secale cereale L. 'Qinling'). We determined the subcellular localization of this gene and predicted the corresponding protein structure. We analysed the evolutionary relationship between ScHP1 and H⁺-PPase genes in other species, and did real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to explore the expression patterns of ScHP1 in rye plants subjected to N, P and K deprivation and to cold, high-salt and drought stresses. ScHP1 cDNA included a 2289 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 762 amino acid residues with 14 transmembrane domains. The genomic ScHP1 DNA was 4354 bp and contained eight exons and seven introns. ScHP1 was highly homologous with other members of the H⁺-PPase gene family. When the full-length ORF was inserted into the expression vector pA7-YFP, the fluorescent microscopy revealed that ScHP1-YFP fusion protein was located in the plasma membrane. Rye plants that were subjected to N deprivation, cold and high-salt stresses, ScHP1 expression was higher in the leaves than roots. Conversely, plants subjected to P and K deprivation and drought stress, ScHP1 expression was higher in the roots than leaves. Under all the investigated stress conditions, expression of ScHP1 was lower in the stem than in the leaves and roots. Our results imply that ScHP1 functions under abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Shui Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of
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16
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Almeida DM, Oliveira MM, Saibo NJM. Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:326-345. [PMID: 28350038 PMCID: PMC5452131 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that results in considerable crop yield losses worldwide. However, some plant genotypes show a high tolerance to soil salinity, as they manage to maintain a high K+/Na+ ratio in the cytosol, in contrast to salt stress susceptible genotypes. Although, different plant genotypes show different salt tolerance mechanisms, they all rely on the regulation and function of K+ and Na+ transporters and H+ pumps, which generate the driving force for K+ and Na+ transport. In this review we will introduce salt stress responses in plants and summarize the current knowledge about the most important ion transporters that facilitate intra- and intercellular K+ and Na+ homeostasis in these organisms. We will describe and discuss the regulation and function of the H+-ATPases, H+-PPases, SOS1, HKTs, and NHXs, including the specific tissues where they work and their response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Almeida
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
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17
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Sun X, Qi W, Yue Y, Ling H, Wang G, Song R. Maize ZmVPP5 is a truncated Vacuole H(+) -PPase that confers hypersensitivity to salt stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:518-528. [PMID: 26728417 PMCID: PMC5071666 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In plants, Vacuole H(+) -PPases (VPPs) are important proton pumps and encoded by multiple genes. In addition to full-length VPPs, several truncated forms are expressed, but their biological functions are unknown. In this study, we functionally characterized maize vacuole H(+) -PPase 5 (ZmVPP5), a truncated VPP in the maize genome. Although ZmVPP5 shares high sequence similarity with ZmVPP1, ZmVPP5 lacks the complete structure of the conserved proton transport and the inorganic pyrophosphatase-related domain. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ZmVPP5 might be derived from an incomplete gene duplication event. ZmVPP5 is expressed in multiple tissues, and ZmVPP5 was detected in the plasma membrane, vacuole membrane and nuclei of maize cells. The overexpression of ZmVPP5 in yeast cells caused a hypersensitivity to salt stress. Transgenic maize lines with overexpressed ZmVPP5 also exhibited the salt hypersensitivity phenotype. A yeast two-hybrid analysis identified the ZmBag6-like protein as a putative ZmVPP5-interacting protein. The results of bimolecular luminescence complementation (BiLC) assay suggest an interaction between ZmBag6-like protein and ZmVPP5 in vivo. Overall, this study suggests that ZmVPP5 might act as a VPP antagonist and participate in the cellular response to salt stress. Our study of ZmVPP5 has expanded the understanding of the origin and functions of truncated forms of plant VPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Sun
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center(CBRC), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yihong Yue
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huiling Ling
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center(CBRC), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rentao Song
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center(CBRC), Beijing 100193, China
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18
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Hou J, Jiang P, Qi S, Zhang K, He Q, Xu C, Ding Z, Zhang K, Li K. Isolation and Functional Validation of Salinity and Osmotic Stress Inducible Promoter from the Maize Type-II H+-Pyrophosphatase Gene by Deletion Analysis in Transgenic Tobacco Plants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154041. [PMID: 27101137 PMCID: PMC4839719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity and drought severely affect both plant growth and productivity, making the isolation and characterization of salinity- or drought-inducible promoters suitable for genetic improvement of crop resistance highly desirable. In this study, a 1468-bp sequence upstream of the translation initiation codon ATG of the promoter for ZmGAPP (maize Type-II H+-pyrophosphatase gene) was cloned. Nine 5´ deletion fragments (D1-D9) of different lengths of the ZmGAPP promoter were fused with the GUS reporter and translocated into tobacco. The deletion analysis showed that fragments D1-D8 responded well to NaCl and PEG stresses, whereas fragment D9 and CaMV 35S did not. The D8 segment (219 bp; -219 to -1 bp) exhibited the highest promoter activity of all tissues, with the exception of petals among the D1-D9 transgenic tobacco, which corresponds to about 10% and 25% of CaMV 35S under normal and NaCl or PEG stress conditions, respectively. As such, the D8 segment may confer strong gene expression in a salinity and osmotic stress inducible manner. A 71-bp segment (-219 to -148 bp) was considered as the key region regulating ZmGAPP response to NaCl or PEG stress, as transient transformation assays demonstrated that the 71-bp sequence was sufficient for the salinity or osmotic stress response. These results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating ZmGAPP expression, and that the D8 promoter would be an ideal candidate for moderating expression of drought and salinity response genes in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Shoumei Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changzheng Xu
- RCBB, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei Dist., 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Maize Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
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Presence of an isoform of H+-pyrophosphatase located in the alveolar sacs of a scuticociliate parasite of turbot: physiological consequences. Parasitology 2016; 143:576-87. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYH+-pyrophosphatases (H+-PPases) are integral membrane proteins that couple pyrophosphate energy to an electrochemical gradient across biological membranes and promote the acidification of cellular compartments. Eukaryotic organisms, essentially plants and protozoan parasites, contain various types of H+-PPases associated with vacuoles, plasma membrane and acidic Ca+2storage organelles called acidocalcisomes. We used Lysotracker Red DND-99 staining to identify two acidic cellular compartments in trophozoites of the marine scuticociliate parasitePhilasterides dicentrarchi: the phagocytic vacuoles and the alveolar sacs. The membranes of these compartments also contain H+-PPase, which may promote acidification of these cell structures. We also demonstrated for the first time that theP. dicentrarchiH+-PPase has two isoforms: H+-PPase 1 and 2. Isoform 2, which is probably generated by splicing, is located in the membranes of the alveolar sacs and has an amino acid motif recognized by the H+-PPase-specific antibody PABHK. The amino acid sequences of different isolates of this ciliate are highly conserved. Gene and protein expression in this isoform are significantly regulated by variations in salinity, indicating a possible physiological role of this enzyme and the alveolar sacs in osmoregulation and salt tolerance inP. dicentrarchi.
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20
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Hernández A, Herrera-Palau R, Madroñal JM, Albi T, López-Lluch G, Perez-Castiñeira JR, Navas P, Valverde F, Serrano A. Vacuolar H(+)-Pyrophosphatase AVP1 is Involved in Amine Fungicide Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Provides Tridemorph Resistance in Yeast. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:85. [PMID: 26904057 PMCID: PMC4746327 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Amine fungicides are widely used as crop protectants. Their success is believed to be related to their ability to inhibit postlanosterol sterol biosynthesis in fungi, in particular sterol-Δ(8),Δ(7)-isomerases and sterol-Δ(14)-reductases, with a concomitant accumulation of toxic abnormal sterols. However, their actual cellular effects and mechanisms of death induction are still poorly understood. Paradoxically, plants exhibit a natural resistance to amine fungicides although they have similar enzymes in postcicloartenol sterol biosynthesis that are also susceptible to fungicide inhibition. A major difference in vacuolar ion homeostasis between plants and fungi is the presence of a dual set of primary proton pumps in the former (V-ATPase and H(+)-pyrophosphatase), but only the V-ATPase in the latter. Abnormal sterols affect the proton-pumping capacity of V-ATPases in fungi and this has been proposed as a major determinant in fungicide action. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model fungus, we provide evidence that amine fungicide treatment induced cell death by apoptosis. Cell death was concomitant with impaired H(+)-pumping capacity in vacuole vesicles and dependent on vacuolar proteases. Also, the heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana main H(+)-pyrophosphatase (AVP1) at the fungal vacuolar membrane reduced apoptosis levels in yeast and increased resistance to amine fungicides. Consistently, A. thaliana avp1 mutant seedlings showed increased susceptibility to this amine fungicide, particularly at the level of root development. This is in agreement with AVP1 being nearly the sole H(+)-pyrophosphatase gene expressed at the root elongation zones. All in all, the present data suggest that H(+)-pyrophosphatases are major determinants of plant tolerance to amine fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Hernández
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Herrera-Palau
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M. Madroñal
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Tomás Albi
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and Centre of Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla, Spain
| | - José R. Perez-Castiñeira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and Centre of Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla, Spain
| | - Federico Valverde
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Aurelio Serrano
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
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21
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Ruan L, Zhang J, Xin X, Zhang C, Ma D, Chen L, Zhao B. Comparative analysis of potassium deficiency-responsive transcriptomes in low potassium susceptible and tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 2015; 5:10090. [PMID: 25985414 PMCID: PMC4650753 DOI: 10.1038/srep10090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+) deficiency as a common abiotic stress can inhibit the growth of plants and thus reduce the agricultural yields. Nevertheless, scarcely any development has been promoted in wheat transcriptional changes under K+ deficiency. Here we investigated root transcriptional changes in two wheat genotypes, namely, low-K+ tolerant “Tongzhou916” and low-K+ susceptible “Shiluan02-1”. There were totally 2713 and 2485 probe sets displayed expression changes more than 1.5-fold in Tongzhou916 and Shiluan02-1, respectively. Low-K+ responsive genes mainly belonged to the categories as follows: metabolic process, cation binding, transferase activity, ion transporters and so forth. We made a comparison of gene expression differences between the two wheat genotypes. There were 1321 and 1177 up-regulated genes in Tongzhou916 and Shiluan02-1, respectively. This result indicated that more genes took part in acclimating to low-K+ stress in Tongzhou916. In addition, there were more genes associated with jasmonic acid, defense response and potassium transporter up-regulated in Tongzhou916. Moreover, totally 19 genes encoding vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase, ethylene-related, auxin response, anatomical structure development and nutrient reservoir were uniquely up-regulated in Tongzhou916. For their important role in root architecture, K+ uptake and nutrient storage, unique genes above may make a great contribution to the strong low-K+ tolerance in Tongzhou916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiuli Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Congzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Donghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental &Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Bingzi Zhao
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental &Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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22
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Rosas-Santiago P, Lagunas-Gómez D, Barkla BJ, Vera-Estrella R, Lalonde S, Jones A, Frommer WB, Zimmermannova O, Sychrová H, Pantoja O. Identification of rice cornichon as a possible cargo receptor for the Golgi-localized sodium transporter OsHKT1;3. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2733-48. [PMID: 25750424 PMCID: PMC4986874 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are synthesized and folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and continue their path to their site of residence along the secretory pathway. The COPII system has been identified as a key player for selecting and directing the fate of membrane and secretory cargo proteins. Selection of cargo proteins within the COPII vesicles is achieved by cargo receptors. The cornichon cargo receptor belongs to a conserved protein family found in eukaryotes that has been demonstrated to participate in the selection of integral membrane proteins as cargo for their correct targeting. Here it is demonstrated at the cellular level that rice cornichon OsCNIH1 interacts with OsHKT1;3 and, in yeast cells, enables the expression of the sodium transporter to the Golgi apparatus. Physical and functional HKT-cornichon interactions are confirmed by the mating-based split ubiquitin system, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and Xenopus oocyte and yeast expression systems. The interaction between the two proteins occurs in the ER of plant cells and their co-expression in oocytes leads to the sequestration of the transporter in the ER. In the yeast cornichon mutant erv14, OsHKT1;3 is mistargeted, preventing the toxic effects of sodium transport in the cell observed in wild-type cells or in the erv14 mutant that co-expressed OsHKT1;3 with either OsCNIH1 or Erv14p. Identification and characterization of rice cornichon as a possible cargo receptor opens up the opportunity to improve our knowledge on membrane protein targeting in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rosas-Santiago
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Lagunas-Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
| | - Sylvie Lalonde
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Jones
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olga Zimmermannova
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Omar Pantoja
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
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23
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Regulation of PPi Levels Through the Vacuolar Membrane H+-Pyrophosphatase. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38797-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kabała K, Janicka-Russak M, Reda M, Migocka M. Transcriptional regulation of the V-ATPase subunit c and V-PPase isoforms in Cucumis sativus under heavy metal stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 150:32-45. [PMID: 23718549 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two electrogenic proton pumps, vacuolar H(+) transporting ATPase (V-ATPase, EC 3.6.3.14) and vacuolar H(+) transporting inorganic pyrophosphatase (V-PPase, EC 3.6.1.1), co-exist in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells. In this work, all CsVHA and CsVHP genes encoding V-ATPase and V-PPase, respectively, were identified in the cucumber genome. Among them, three CsVHA-c genes for V-ATPase subunit c and two CsVHP1 genes for type I V-PPase were analyzed in detail. Individual isogenes were differentially regulated in plant tissues and during plant development as well as under changing environmental conditions. CsVHA-c1 and CsVHA-c2 showed similar tissue-specific expression patterns with the highest levels in stamens and old leaves. CsVHP1;1 was predominantly expressed in roots and female flowers. In contrast, both CsVHA-c3 and CsVHP1;2 remained in a rather constant ratio in all examined cucumber organs. Under heavy metal stress, the transcript amount of CsVHA-c1 and CsVHP1;1 showed a pronounced stress-dependent increase after copper and nickel treatment. CsVHA-c3 was upregulated by nickel only whereas CsVHA-c2 was induced by all metals with the most visible effect of copper. Additionally, CsVHP1;2 showed a tendency to be upregulated by copper and zinc. We propose that CsVHA-c1, CsVHA-c2 and CsVHP1;1 are essential elements of mechanisms involved in adaptation of cucumber plants to copper toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kabała
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, 50-328 , Wrocław, Poland
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Wang Y, Jin S, Wang M, Zhu L, Zhang X. Isolation and characterization of a conserved domain in the eremophyte H+-PPase family. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70099. [PMID: 23922918 PMCID: PMC3726567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
H+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H+-PPase) were recognized as the original energy donors in the development of plants. A large number of researchers have shown that H+-PPase could be an early-originated protein that participated in many important biochemical and physiological processes. In this study we cloned 14 novel sequences from 7 eremophytes: Sophora alopecuroid (Sa), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gu), Glycyrrhiza inflata (Gi), Suaeda salsa (Ss), Suaeda rigida (Sr), Halostachys caspica (Hc), and Karelinia caspia (Kc). These novel sequences included 6 ORFs and 8 fragments, and they were identified as H+-PPases based on the typical conserved domains. Besides the identified domains, sequence alignment showed that there still were two novel conserved motifs. A phylogenetic tree was constructed, including the 14 novel H+-PPase amino acid sequences and the other 34 identified H+-PPase protein sequences representing plants, algae, protozoans and bacteria. It was shown that these 48 H+-PPases were classified into two groups: type I and type II H+-PPase. The novel 14 eremophyte H+-PPases were classified into the type I H+-PPase. The 3D structures of these H+-PPase proteins were predicted, which suggested that all type I H+-PPases from higher plants and algae were homodimers, while other type I H+-PPases from bacteria and protozoans and all type II H+-PPases were monomers. The 3D structures of these novel H+-PPases were homodimers except for SaVP3, which was a monomer. This regular structure could provide important evidence for the evolutionary origin and study of the relationship between the structure and function among members of the H+-PPase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Maojun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kabała K, Janicka-Russak M, Anklewicz A. Mechanism of Cd and Cu action on the tonoplast proton pumps in cucumber roots. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 147:207-217. [PMID: 22607526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Cd and Cu on the tonoplast proton pumps, V-ATPase (EC 3.6.3.14) and V-PPase (EC 3.6.1.1) was investigated in cucumber roots subjected to 10 µM metals for 3 and 6 days. Both hydrolytic and transporting activities of V-ATPase as well as V-PPase increased under copper stress. In contrast, all activities examined were inhibited after the exposure of plants to cadmium. Cd and Cu changed the efficiency of coupling between proton transport and ATP hydrolysis whereas H(+) /PP(i) stoichiometry was not modified. Pre-incubation of control tonoplast vesicles with copper caused the stimulation of V-ATPase as well as V-PPase, indicating direct activation by Cu ions. Pre-treatment with cadmium had no significant effect on the activities of both enzymes. The gene expression and western blot analyses showed that observed modifications in enzyme activities were not related to the changes in the transcript levels of genes encoding V-ATPase subunit A and c, and V-PPase or in amounts of enzyme proteins. Moreover, the addition of reduced or oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) to the reaction medium containing tonoplast vesicles isolated from stressed roots did not change the activity level of either enzyme when compared with the controls, suggesting that heavy metal-induced modifications are not simple reversible redox modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kabała
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Seidel T, Siek M, Marg B, Dietz KJ. Energization of vacuolar transport in plant cells and its significance under stress. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:57-131. [PMID: 23809435 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The plant vacuole is of prime importance in buffering environmental perturbations and in coping with abiotic stress caused by, for example, drought, salinity, cold, or UV. The large volume, the efficient integration in anterograde and retrograde vesicular trafficking, and the dynamic equipment with tonoplast transporters enable the vacuole to fulfill indispensible functions in cell biology, for example, transient and permanent storage, detoxification, recycling, pH and redox homeostasis, cell expansion, biotic defence, and cell death. This review first focuses on endomembrane dynamics and then summarizes the functions, assembly, and regulation of secretory and vacuolar proton pumps: (i) the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) which represents a multimeric complex of approximately 800 kDa, (ii) the vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase, and (iii) the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. These primary proton pumps regulate the cytosolic pH and provide the driving force for secondary active transport. Carriers and ion channels modulate the proton motif force and catalyze uptake and vacuolar compartmentation of solutes and deposition of xenobiotics or secondary compounds such as flavonoids. ABC-type transporters directly energized by MgATP complement the transport portfolio that realizes the multiple functions in stress tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Seidel
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Mohammed SA, Nishio S, Takahashi H, Shiratake K, Ikeda H, Kanahama K, Kanayama Y. Role of Vacuolar H+-inorganic pyrophosphatase in tomato fruit development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5613-21. [PMID: 22915738 PMCID: PMC3444275 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
cDNA corresponding to two type-I vacuolar H(+)-inorganic pyrophosphatases (V-PPases) (SlVP1, SlVP2) and one type-II V-PPase (SlVP3) was isolated from tomato fruit to investigate their role in fruit development. Southern analysis revealed that type-I V-PPase genes form a multigene family, whereas there is only one type-II V-PPase gene in the tomato genome. Although SlVP1 and SlVP2 were differentially expressed in leaves and mature fruit, the highest levels of both SlVP1 and SlVP2 mRNA were observed in fruit at 2-4 days after anthesis. The expression pattern of type-II SlVP3 was similar to that of SlVP2, and the highest levels of SlVP3 mRNA were also observed in fruit at 2-4 days after anthesis, thus suggesting that SlVP3 plays a role in early fruit development. Because SlVP1 and SlVP2 mRNA was more abundant than SlVP3 mRNA, expression of type-I V-PPases was analysed further. Type-I V-PPase mRNA was localized in ovules and their vicinities and in vascular tissue at an early stage of fruit development. Tomato RNAi lines in which the expression of type-I V-PPase genes was repressed using the fruit-specific promoter TPRP-F1 exhibited fruit growth retardation at an early stage of development. Although the major function of V-PPases in fruit has been believed to be the accumulation of materials such as sugars and organic acids in the vacuole during cell expansion and ripening, these results show that specific localization of V-PPase mRNA induced by pollination has a novel role in the cell division stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seedahmed A Mohammed
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sogo Nishio
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai 981-8555Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Present address: National Institute of Fruit Tree ScienceTsukuba 305-8605Japan
| | | | - Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8601Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai 981-8555Japan
| | - Koki Kanahama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai 981-8555Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kanayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai 981-8555Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Gaxiola RA, Sanchez CA, Paez-Valencia J, Ayre BG, Elser JJ. Genetic manipulation of a "vacuolar" H(+)-PPase: from salt tolerance to yield enhancement under phosphorus-deficient soils. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:3-11. [PMID: 22434041 PMCID: PMC3375966 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.195701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Gaxiola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1501, USA.
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30
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Functional Classification of Plant Plasma Membrane Transporters. THE PLANT PLASMA MEMBRANE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13431-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Plant Proton Pumps: Regulatory Circuits Involving H+-ATPase and H+-PPase. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14369-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Segami S, Nakanishi Y, Sato MH, Maeshima M. Quantification, organ-specific accumulation and intracellular localization of type II H(+)-pyrophosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1350-60. [PMID: 20605924 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Most plants have two types of H(+)-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H(+)-PPases), I and II, which differ in primary sequence and K(+) dependence of enzyme function. Arabidopsis thaliana has three genes for H(+)-PPases: one for type I and two for type II. The type I H(+)-PPase requires K(+) for maximal enzyme activity and functions together with H(+)-ATPase in vacuolar membranes. The physiological role of the type II enzyme, which does not require K(+), is not clear. We focused on the type II enzymes (AtVHP2;1 and AtVHP2;2) of A. thaliana. Total amounts of AtVHP2s were quantified immunochemically using a specific antibody and determined to be 22 and 12 ng mg(-1) of total protein in the microsomal fractions of suspension-cultured cells and young roots, respectively, and the values are approximately 0.1 and 0.2%, respectively, of the vacuolar H(+)-PPase. In plants, AtVHP2s were detected immunochemically in all tissues except mature leaves, and were abundant in roots and flowers. The intracellular localization of AtVHP2s in suspension cells was determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and immunoblotting. Comparison with a number of marker proteins revealed localization in the Golgi apparatus and the trans-Golgi network. These results suggest that the type II H(+)-PPase functions as a proton pump in the Golgi and related vesicles in young tissues, although its content is very low compared with the type I enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Segami
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Parussini F, Coppens I, Shah PP, Diamond SL, Carruthers VB. Cathepsin L occupies a vacuolar compartment and is a protein maturase within the endo/exocytic system of Toxoplasma gondii. Mol Microbiol 2010; 76:1340-57. [PMID: 20444089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulated exocytosis allows the timely delivery of proteins and other macromolecules precisely when they are needed to fulfil their functions. The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii has one of the most extensive regulated exocytic systems among all unicellular organisms, yet the basis of protein trafficking and proteolytic modification in this system is poorly understood. We demonstrate that a parasite cathepsin protease, TgCPL, occupies a newly recognized vacuolar compartment (VAC) that undergoes dynamic fragmentation during T. gondii replication. We also provide evidence that within the VAC or late endosome this protease mediates the proteolytic maturation of proproteins targeted to micronemes, regulated secretory organelles that deliver adhesive proteins to the parasite surface during cell invasion. Our findings suggest that processing of microneme precursors occurs within intermediate endocytic compartments within the exocytic system, indicating an extensive convergence of the endocytic and exocytic pathways in this human parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Parussini
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Wang Y, Xu H, Zhang G, Zhu H, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Ma Z. Expression and responses to dehydration and salinity stresses of V-PPase gene members in wheat. J Genet Genomics 2010; 36:711-20. [PMID: 20129398 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar H(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) is a key enzyme related to plant growth as well as abiotic stress tolerance. In this work, wheat V-PPase genes TaVP1, TaVP2 and TaVP3 were identified. TaVP1 and TaVP2 are more similar to each other than to TaVP3. Their deduced polypeptide sequences preserve the topological structure and essential residues of V-PPases. Phylogenetic studies suggested that monocot plants, at least monocot grasses, have three VP paralogs. TaVP3 transcripts were only detected in developing seeds, and no TaVP2 transcripts were found in germinating seeds. TaVP2 was mainly expressed in shoot tissues and down-regulated in leaves under dehydration. Its expression was up-regulated in roots under high salinity. TaVP1 was relatively more ubiquitously and evenly expressed than TaVP2. Its expression level in roots was highest among the tissues examined, and was inducible by salinity stress. These results indicated that the V-PPase gene paralogs in wheat are differentially regulated spatially and in response to dehydration and salinity stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhi Wang
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center & National Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
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Yue G, Sui Z, Gao Q, Zhang J. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel H+-translocating pyrophosphatase gene inZea mays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 19:79-86. [PMID: 17852355 DOI: 10.1080/10425170701445519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding a putative H+-translocating pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) has been cloned from Zea mays by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) coupled with in silico cloning approach. The isolated 2974 bp full-length cDNA named ZmGPP contains a single 2400 bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 799 amino acids. The predicted protein has 16 transmembrane domains and is significantly similar to Golgi apparatus resident type-II H+-PPase from Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA gel blotting analysis shows that ZmGPP is a low-copy gene. Organ expression pattern analysis reveals that ZmGPPexpressed highly in leaf and tassel, followed by in stem, root, and ear. The Real-time RT-PCR assays showed that the expression of ZmGPP was up-regulated both in shoots and roots of maize seedlings under dehydration, cold and high salt stresses. Those results suggest that the ZmGPP product may play an important role in abiotic stress tolerance of Z. mays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidong Yue
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Gaxiola RA, Palmgren MG, Schumacher K. Plant proton pumps. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:2204-14. [PMID: 17412324 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemiosmotic circuits of plant cells are driven by proton (H(+)) gradients that mediate secondary active transport of compounds across plasma and endosomal membranes. Furthermore, regulation of endosomal acidification is critical for endocytic and secretory pathways. For plants to react to their constantly changing environments and at the same time maintain optimal metabolic conditions, the expression, activity and interplay of the pumps generating these H(+) gradients have to be tightly regulated. In this review, we will highlight results on the regulation, localization and physiological roles of these H(+)- pumps, namely the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase and the vacuolar H(+)-PPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Gaxiola
- University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Road, U-163, Storrs, CT 06269-4163, USA.
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Schumacher K. Endomembrane proton pumps: connecting membrane and vesicle transport. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2006; 9:595-600. [PMID: 17008121 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
pH-homeostasis in the endomembrane system requires the activity of proton-pumps. In animals, the progressive acidification of compartments along the endocytic and secretory pathways is critical for protein sorting and vesicle trafficking, and is achieved by the activity of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase). Plants have an additional endomembrane pump, the vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), and previous research was largely focused on the respective functions of the two pumps in secondary active transport across the tonoplast. Recent approaches, including reverse genetics, have not only provided evidence that both enzymes play unique and essential roles but have also highlighted the important functions of the two proton pumps in endocytic and secretory trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schumacher
- ZMBP-Plant Physiology, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Harper JM, Huynh MH, Coppens I, Parussini F, Moreno S, Carruthers VB. A cleavable propeptide influences Toxoplasma infection by facilitating the trafficking and secretion of the TgMIC2-M2AP invasion complex. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:4551-63. [PMID: 16914527 PMCID: PMC1635346 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-01-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Propeptides regulate protein function and trafficking in many eukaryotic systems and have emerged as important features of regulated secretory proteins in parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. Regulated protein secretion from micronemes and host cell invasion are inextricably linked and essential processes for the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. TgM2AP is a propeptide-containing microneme protein found in a heterohexameric complex with the microneme protein TgMIC2, a protein that has a demonstrated fundamental role in gliding motility and invasion. TgM2AP function is also central to these processes, because disruption of TgM2AP (m2apKO) results in secretory retention of TgMIC2, leading to reduced TgMIC2 secretion from the micronemes and impaired invasion. Because the TgM2AP propeptide is predicted to be processed in an intracellular site near where TgMIC2 is retained in m2apKO parasites, we hypothesized that the propeptide and its proteolytic removal influence trafficking and secretion of the complex. We found that proTgM2AP traffics through endosomal compartments and that deletion of the propeptide leads to defective trafficking of the complex within or near this site, resulting in aberrant processing and decreased secretion of TgMIC2, impaired invasion, and reduced virulence in vivo, mirroring the phenotypes observed in m2apKO parasites. In contrast, mutation of several cleavage site residues resulted in normal localization, but it affected the stability and secretion of the complex from the micronemes. Therefore, the propeptide and its cleavage site influence distinct aspects of TgMIC2-M2AP function, with both impacting the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M. Harper
- *W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - My-Hang Huynh
- *W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- *W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Fabiola Parussini
- *W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Silvia Moreno
- Cellular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Vern B. Carruthers
- *W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
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Kobae Y, Mizutani M, Segami S, Maeshima M. Immunochemical analysis of aquaporin isoforms in Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006; 70:980-7. [PMID: 16636467 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins mediate the movement of water across biomembranes. Arabidopsis thaliana contains 35 aquaporins that belong to four subfamilies (PIP, TIP, SIP, and NIP). We investigated their expression profiles immunochemically in suspension-cultured Arabidopsis thaliana cells during growth and in response to salt and osmotic stresses. Protein amounts of all aquaporins were much lower in cultured cells than in the plant tissues. This is consistent with the low water permeability of protoplasts from cultured cells. After treatment with NaCl, the protein amounts of PIP2;1, PIP2;2, and PIP2;3 in the cells increased several-fold, and those of TIP1;1 and TIP1;2, 15- and 3-fold respectively. PIP1 did not change under the stress. Cell death began after 19 d in culture, accompanied by marked accumulation of PIPs and TIPs and a gradual decrease in SIPs. Our results suggest the followings: (i) Accumulation of aquaporin isoforms was individually regulated at low levels in single cells. (ii) At least PIP2;2, PIP2;3, TIP1;1, and TIP1;2 are stress-responsive aquaporins in suspension cells. (iii) A sudden increment of several members of PIP2 and TIP1 subfamilies might be related to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kobae
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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40
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Kong SG, Suzuki T, Tamura K, Mochizuki N, Hara-Nishimura I, Nagatani A. Blue light-induced association of phototropin 2 with the Golgi apparatus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 45:994-1005. [PMID: 16507089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phototropins 1 and 2 (phot1 and phot2) function as blue light (BL) photoreceptors for phototropism, chloroplast relocation, stomatal opening and leaf flattening in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phototropin consists of two functional domains, the N-terminal photosensory domain and the C-terminal Ser/Thr kinase domain. However, little is known about the signal transduction pathway that links the photoreceptors and the physiological responses downstream of BL perception. To understand the mechanisms by which phot2 initiates these responses, we transformed the phot1phot2 double mutant of Arabidopsis with constructs encoding translationally fused phot2:green fluorescent protein (P2G). P2G was fully functional for the phot2-specific physiological responses in these transgenic plants. It localized strongly to the plasma membrane and weakly to the cytoplasm in the dark. Upon illumination with BL, punctate P2G staining was formed within a few minutes in addition to the constitutive plasma membrane staining. This punctate distribution pattern matched well with that of the Golgi-localized KAM1DeltaC:mRFP. Brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of vesicle trafficking, induced accumulation of P2G around the perinuclear region even in darkness, but the punctate pattern was not observed. After treatment of these cells with BL, P2G exhibited the punctate distribution pattern that matched with that of the Golgi marker. Hence, the light-dependent association of P2G with the Golgi apparatus was BFA-insensitive. A structure/function analysis indicated that the kinase domain was essential for the Golgi localization of phot2. The BL-induced Golgi localization of phot2 may be one of important signaling steps in the phot2 signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam-Geun Kong
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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41
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Ono E, Hatayama M, Isono Y, Sato T, Watanabe R, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Fukuchi-Mizutani M, Tanaka Y, Kusumi T, Nishino T, Nakayama T. Localization of a flavonoid biosynthetic polyphenol oxidase in vacuoles. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 45:133-43. [PMID: 16367960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aureusidin synthase, a polyphenol oxidase (PPO), specifically catalyzes the oxidative formation of aurones from chalcones, which are plant flavonoids, and is responsible for the yellow coloration of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) flowers. All known PPOs have been found to be localized in plastids, whereas flavonoid biosynthesis is thought to take place in the cytoplasm [or on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)]. However, the primary structural characteristics of aureusidin synthase and some of its molecular properties argue against localization of the enzyme in plastids and the cytoplasm. In this study, the subcellular localization of the enzyme in petal cells of the yellow snapdragon was investigated. Sucrose-density gradient and differential centrifugation analyses suggested that the enzyme (the 39-kDa mature form) is not located in plastids or on the ER. Transient assays using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimera fused with the putative propeptide of the PPO precursor suggested that the enzyme was localized within the vacuole lumen. We also found that the necessary information for vacuolar targeting of the PPO was encoded within the 53-residue N-terminal sequence (NTPP), but not in the C-terminal sequence of the precursor. NTPP-mediated ER-to-Golgi trafficking to vacuoles was confirmed by means of the co-expression of an NTPP-GFP chimera with a dominant negative mutant of the Arabidopsis GTPase Sar1 or with a monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP)-fused Golgi marker (an H+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase of Arabidopsis). We identified a sequence-specific vacuolar sorting determinant in the NTPP of the precursor. We have demonstrated the biosynthesis of a flavonoid skeleton in vacuoles. The findings of this metabolic compartmentation may provide a strategy for overcoming the biochemical instability of the precursor chalcones in the cytoplasm, thus leading to the efficient accumulation of aurones in the flower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Ono
- Suntory Research Center, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
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42
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Li J, Yang H, Peer WA, Richter G, Blakeslee J, Bandyopadhyay A, Titapiwantakun B, Undurraga S, Khodakovskaya M, Richards EL, Krizek B, Murphy AS, Gilroy S, Gaxiola R. Arabidopsis H+-PPase AVP1 Regulates Auxin-Mediated Organ Development. Science 2005; 310:121-5. [PMID: 16210544 DOI: 10.1126/science.1115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The transport of auxin controls developmental events in plants. Here, we report that in addition to maintaining vacuolar pH, the H+-pyrophosphatase, AVP1, controls auxin transport and consequently auxin-dependent development. AVP1 overexpression results in increased cell division at the onset of organ formation, hyperplasia, and increased auxin transport. In contrast, avp1-1 null mutants have severely disrupted root and shoot development and reduced auxin transport. Changes in the expression of AVP1 affect the distribution and abundance of the P-adenosine triphosphatase and Pinformed 1 auxin efflux facilitator, two proteins implicated in auxin distribution. Thus, AVP1 facilitates the auxin fluxes that regulate organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Li
- Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
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43
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Tamura K, Shimada T, Kondo M, Nishimura M, Hara-Nishimura I. KATAMARI1/MURUS3 Is a novel golgi membrane protein that is required for endomembrane organization in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2005; 17:1764-76. [PMID: 15863516 PMCID: PMC1143075 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.031930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, unlike animal and yeast cells, endomembrane dynamics appear to depend more on actin filaments than on microtubules. However, the molecular mechanisms of endomembrane-actin filament interactions are unknown. In this study, we isolated and characterized an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, katamari1 (kam1), which has a defect in the organization of endomembranes and actin filaments. The kam1 plants form abnormally large aggregates that consist of endoplasmic reticulum with actin filaments in the perinuclear region within the cells and are defective in normal cell elongation. Map-based cloning revealed that the KAM1 gene is allelic to the MUR3 gene. We demonstrate that the KAM1/MUR3 protein is a type II membrane protein composed of a short cytosolic N-terminal domain and a transmembrane domain followed by a large lumenal domain and is localized specifically on Golgi membranes. We further show that actin filaments interact with Golgi stacks via KAM1/MUR3 to maintain the proper organization of endomembranes. Our results provide functional evidence that KAM1/MUR3 is a novel component of the Golgi-mediated organization of actin functioning in proper endomembrane organization and cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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44
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Kuo SY, Chien LF, Hsiao YY, Van Ru C, Yan KH, Liu PF, Mao SJ, Pan RL. Proton pumping inorganic pyrophosphatase of endoplasmic reticulum-enriched vesicles from etiolated mung bean seedlings. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 162:129-138. [PMID: 15779823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-enriched vesicles from etiolated hypocotyls of mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata) were successfully isolated using Ficoll gradient and two-phase (polyethylene glycol-dextran) partition. The ER-enriched vesicles contained inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) hydrolysis and its associated proton translocating activities. Antiserum prepared against vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase, EC 3.6.1.1) did not inhibit this novel pyrophosphatase-dependent proton translocation, excluding the possible contamination of tonoplast vesicles in the ER-enriched membrane preparation. The optimal ratios of Mg2+/PPi (inorganic pyrophosphate) for enzymatic activity and PPi-dependent proton translocation of ER-enriched vesicles were higher than those of vacuolar membranes. The PPi-dependent proton translocation of ER-enriched vesicles absolutely required the presence of monovalent cations with preference for K+, but could be inhibited by a common PPase inhibitor, F-. Furthermore, ER H+-pyrophosphatase exhibited some similarities and differences to vacuolar H+-PPases in cofactor/substrate ratios, pH profile, and concentration dependence of F-, imidodiphosphate (a PPi analogue), and various chemical modifiers. These results suggest that ER-enriched vesicles contain a novel type of proton-translocating PPase distinct from that of tonoplast from higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soong Yu Kuo
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu 30043, Taiwan, Republic of China
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45
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Dettmer J, Schubert D, Calvo-Weimar O, Stierhof YD, Schmidt R, Schumacher K. Essential role of the V-ATPase in male gametophyte development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 41:117-24. [PMID: 15610354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pH homeostasis is a prerequisite for biological processes and requires the action of proton pumps. The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) is involved in regulating pH in endomembrane compartments of all eukaryotic cells. In plants, there is an additional endomembrane proton pump, H(+)-pyrophosphatase (H(+)-PPase). However, the relative roles of the two types of pumps in endomembrane acidification and energization of secondary active transport are unclear. Here, we show that a strong T-DNA insertion allele of VHA-A, the single copy gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the Arabidopsis V-ATPase, causes complete male and partial female gametophytic lethality. Severe changes in the morphology of Golgi stacks and Golgi-derived vesicles in male gametophytes are the first visible symptoms of cell degeneration leading to a failure to develop mature pollen. Similar effects on Golgi morphology were observed in pollen tubes when growth was blocked by Concanamycin A, a specific V-ATPase inhibitor. Taken together, our results suggests that V-ATPase function is essential for Golgi organization and development of the male gametophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dettmer
- ZMBP-Plant Physiology, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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46
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Alexandersson E, Saalbach G, Larsson C, Kjellbom P. Arabidopsis Plasma Membrane Proteomics Identifies Components of Transport, Signal Transduction and Membrane Trafficking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 45:1543-56. [PMID: 15574830 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pch209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify integral proteins and peripheral proteins associated with the plasma membrane, highly purified Arabidopsis plasma membranes from green tissue (leaves and petioles) were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Plasma membranes were isolated by aqueous two-phase partitioning, which yields plasma membrane vesicles with a cytoplasmic-side-in orientation and with a purity of 95%. These vesicles were turned inside-out by treatment with Brij 58 to remove soluble contaminating proteins enclosed in the vesicles and to remove loosely bound contaminating proteins. In total, 238 putative plasma membrane proteins were identified, of which 114 are predicted to have transmembrane domains or to be glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored. About two-thirds of the identified integral proteins have not previously been shown to be plasma membrane proteins. Of the 238 identified proteins, 76% could be classified according to function. Major classes are proteins involved in transport (17%), signal transduction (16%), membrane trafficking (9%) and stress responses (9%). Almost a quarter of the proteins identified in the present study are functionally unclassified and more than half of these are predicted to be integral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Alexandersson
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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47
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López-Marqués RL, Pérez-Castiñeira JR, Losada M, Serrano A. Differential regulation of soluble and membrane-bound inorganic pyrophosphatases in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum provides insights into pyrophosphate-based stress bioenergetics. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:5418-26. [PMID: 15292143 PMCID: PMC490873 DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.16.5418-5426.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble and membrane-bound inorganic pyrophosphatases (sPPase and H(+)-PPase, respectively) of the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum are differentially regulated by environmental growth conditions. Both proteins and their transcripts were found in cells of anaerobic phototrophic batch cultures along all growth phases, although they displayed different time patterns. However, in aerobic cells that grow in the dark, which exhibited the highest growth rates, Northern and Western blot analyses as well as activity assays demonstrated high sPPase levels but no H(+)-PPase. It is noteworthy that H(+)-PPase is highly expressed in aerobic cells under acute salt stress (1 M NaCl). H(+)-PPase was also present in anaerobic cells growing at reduced rates in the dark under either fermentative or anaerobic respiratory conditions. Since H(+)-PPase was detected not only under all anaerobic growth conditions but also under salt stress in aerobiosis, the corresponding gene is not invariably repressed by oxygen. Primer extension analyses showed that, under all anaerobic conditions tested, the R. rubrum H(+)-PPase gene utilizes two activator-dependent tandem promoters, one with an FNR-like sequence motif and the other with a RegA motif, whereas in aerobiosis under salt stress, the H(+)-PPase gene is transcribed from two further tandem promoters involving other transcription factors. These results demonstrate a tight transcriptional regulation of the H(+)-PPase gene, which appears to be induced in response to a variety of environmental conditions, all of which constrain cell energetics.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Aerobiosis
- Anaerobiosis
- Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- Diphosphates/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Inorganic Pyrophosphatase/biosynthesis
- Inorganic Pyrophosphatase/genetics
- Inorganic Pyrophosphatase/metabolism
- Light
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Osmotic Pressure
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Bacterial/analysis
- RNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rhodospirillum rubrum/genetics
- Rhodospirillum rubrum/growth & development
- Rhodospirillum rubrum/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Transcription Initiation Site
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa L López-Marqués
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
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48
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Shimaoka T, Ohnishi M, Sazuka T, Mitsuhashi N, Hara-Nishimura I, Shimazaki KI, Maeshima M, Yokota A, Tomizawa KI, Mimura T. Isolation of intact vacuoles and proteomic analysis of tonoplast from suspension-cultured cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 45:672-83. [PMID: 15215502 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pch099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A large number of proteins in the tonoplast, including pumps, carriers, ion channels and receptors support the various functions of the plant vacuole. To date, few proteins involved in these activities have been identified at the molecular level. In this study, proteomic analysis was used to identify new tonoplast proteins. A primary requirement of any organelle analysis by proteomics is that the purity of the isolated organelle needs to be high. Using suspension-cultured Arabidopsis cells (Arabidopsis Col-0 cell suspension), a method was developed for the isolation of intact highly purified vacuoles. No plasma membrane proteins were detected in Western blots of the isolated vacuole fraction, and only a few proteins from the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. The proteomic analysis of the purified tonoplast involved fractionation of the proteins by SDS-PAGE and analysis by LC-MS/MS. Using this approach, it was possible to identify 163 proteins. These included well-characterized tonoplast proteins such as V-type H+ -ATPases and V-type H+ -PPases, and others with functions reasonably expected to be related to the tonoplast. There were also a number of proteins for which a function has not yet been deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taise Shimaoka
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Nara-Women's University, 630-8506 Japan
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49
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Motta LS, da Silva WS, Oliveira DMP, de Souza W, Machado EA. A new model for proton pumping in animal cells: the role of pyrophosphate. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 34:19-27. [PMID: 14723894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The H+-PPase activity was characterized in membrane fractions of ovary and eggs of Rhodnius prolixus. This activity is totally dependent on Mg2+, independent of K+ and strongly inhibited by NaF, IDP and Ca2+. The membrane proteins of eggs were analyzed by western blot using antibodies to the H+-PPase from Arabidopsis thaliana. The immunostain was associated with a single 65-kDa polypeptide. This polypeptide was immunolocalized in yolk granule membranes by optical and transmission electron microscopy. We describe the acidification of yolk granules in the presence of PPi and ATP. This acidification is inhibited in the presence of NAF, Ca2+ and antibodies against H+-PPase. These data show for the first time in animal cells that acidification of yolk granules involves an H+-PPase as well as H+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Motta
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, 21.941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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50
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Mitsuda N, Isono T, Sato MH. Arabidopsis CAMTA family proteins enhance V-PPase expression in pollen. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 44:975-981. [PMID: 14581622 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcg137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The pollen-specific cis-acting region of the AVP1 gene is involved in the expression of the Arabidopsis V-PPase gene during pollen development. We isolate AtCAMTA5, which binds to the 38-bp pollen-specific cis-acting region, by one-hybrid screening using the cis-acting region as a probe. The green fluorescent protein-fused AtCAMTA5 is specifically localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis suspension cultured cells. The promoter-beta-glucuronidase reporter experiment shows the expression not only of AtCAMTA5 but also of AtCAMTA1 in pollen. In particular, AtCAMTA1 is specifically expressed in pollen. Both the one-hybrid analysis in the reporter yeast and in vivo transient effector-reporter analysis in Arabidopsis suspension cultured cells revealed that AtCAMTA1 could regulate gene expression depending on the CGCG-box within the 38-bp pollen-specific cis-acting region. These results indicate that AtCAMTA1 as well as AtCAMTA5 possibly enhance AVP1 expression in pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsu, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan.
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