1
|
Dell'Oglio P, Tappero S, Mandelli G, Saccucci T, Dibilio E, Caviglia A, Vecchio E, Maltzman O, Martiriggiano M, Olivero A, Secco S, Barbieri M, Di Trapani D, Buratto C, Palagonia E, Strada E, Napoli G, Petralia G, Bocciardi AM, Galfano A. Surgical and Oncological Outcomes of Level III-IV Versus Level I-II Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy: A Decennial Experience of a High-Volume European Referral Center. Ann Surg Oncol 2024:10.1245/s10434-024-15878-6. [PMID: 39060696 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) the role of the extent of tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava (IVC) has never been addressed from a surgical and oncologic standpoint. This study aims to evaluate differences between level III-IV versus level I-II patients concerning peri- and postoperative morbidity, additional treatments and long-term oncological outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 40 patients with RCC underwent radical nephrectomy (RN) with IVC thrombectomy at a single European institution between 2010 and 2023. Complications were reported according to the European Union (EAU) guidelines recommendations. Spider chart served as graphical depiction of surgical and oncologic outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 22 (55%) and 18 (45%) patients harbored level III-IV and I-II IVC thrombus. Level III-IV patients experienced significantly higher rates of intraoperative transfusions (68 vs 39%), but not significantly higher rates of intraoperative complications (32% vs 28%). Level III-IV patients had significantly higher rates of postoperative transfusions (82% vs 33%) and Clavien Dindo ≥3 complications (41% vs 15%). In level III-IV versus level I-II patients, median follow up was 482 and 1070 days, the rate of distant recurrence was 59% and 50%, the rate of systemic progression was 27% and 13%, and the rate of additional treatment/s was 64% and 61%, respectively (all p values > 0.05). Overall survival was 36% in level III-IV patients and 67% in level I-II (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that patients with level III-IV RCC who are candidates for IVC thrombectomy should be counselled about the higher likelihood of postoperative severe adverse events and worse overall survival relative to level I-II counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Dell'Oglio
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Tappero
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuditta Mandelli
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Saccucci
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Dibilio
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Caviglia
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Vecchio
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ofir Maltzman
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Martiriggiano
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Olivero
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Secco
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Barbieri
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Di Trapani
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Buratto
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Palagonia
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Strada
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Napoli
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Petralia
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Galfano
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scilipoti P, Rosiello G, Larcher A, Fallara G, Cignoli D, Re C, Musso G, Cei F, Tian Z, Karakiewicz PI, Mottrie A, Trevisani F, Raggi D, Necchi A, Bertini R, Salonia A, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Capitanio U. Long-term functional outcomes in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma and tumor thrombus. World J Urol 2024; 42:264. [PMID: 38676733 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 15% of patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) harbors tumor thrombus (TT). In those cases, radical nephrectomy (RN) and thrombectomy represents the standard of care. We assessed the impact of TT on long-term functional and oncological outcomes in a large contemporary cohort. METHODS Within a prospective maintained database, 1207 patients undergoing RN for non-metastatic RCC between 2000 and 2021 at a single tertiary centre were identified. Of these, 172 (14%) harbored TT. Multivariable logistic regression analyses evaluated the impact of TT on the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Multivariable Poisson regression analyses estimated the risk of long-term chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kaplan Meier plots estimated disease-free survival and cancer specific survival. Multivariable Cox regression models assessed the main predictors of clinical progression (CP) and cancer specific mortality (CSM). RESULTS Patients with TT showed lower BMI (24 vs. 26 kg/m2) and preoperative Hb (11 vs. 14 g/mL; all-p < 0.05). Clinical tumor size was higher in patients with TT (9.6 vs. 6.5 cm; p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the presence of TT was significantly associated with a higher risk of postoperative AKI (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.49-3.6; p < 0.001) and long-term CKD (OR: 1.32, 95% CI 1.10-1.58; p < 0.01). Notably, patients with TT showed worse long-term oncological outcomes and TT was a predictor for CP (2.02, CI 95% 1.49-2.73, p < 0.001) and CSM (HR 1.61, CI 95% 1.04-2.49, p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The presence of TT in RCC patients represents a key risk factor for worse perioperative, as well as long-term renal function. Specifically, patients with TT harbor a significant and early estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decrease. However, despite TT patients show a greater eGFR decline after surgery, they retain acceptable renal function, which remains stable over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Scilipoti
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosiello
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Larcher
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fallara
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cignoli
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Re
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Musso
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cei
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Zhe Tian
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Mottrie
- Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouwziekenhuis, Aalst, Belgium
- ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium
| | - Francesco Trevisani
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Raggi
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Bertini
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Faegh A, Moeinafshar A, Rezaei N. Nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy in renal cancer: a narrative review. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:574-583. [PMID: 37568007 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma accounts for two to three percent of adult malignancies and can lead to inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis. This condition can decrease the rate of 5-year survival for patients to 60%. The treatment of choice in such cases is radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava thrombectomy. This surgery is one of the most challenging due to many perioperative complications. There are many controversial methods reported in the literature. Achieving the free of tumor IVC wall and the possibility of thrombectomy in cases of level III and level IV IVC thrombosis are two essential matters previously advocated open approaches. Nevertheless, open approaches are being replaced by minimally invasive techniques despite the difficulty of the surgical management of IVC thrombectomy. This paper aims to review recent evidence about new surgical methods and a comparison of open, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches. In this review, we present the latest surgical strategies for IVC thrombectomy and compare open and minimally invasive approaches to achieve the optimal surgical technique. Due to the different anatomy of the left and right kidneys and variable extension of venous thrombosis, we investigate surgical methods for left and right kidney cancer and each level of IVC venous thrombosis separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Faegh
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Aysan Moeinafshar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fang AM, Leahy S, Saidian A, Oster RA, Nix JW, Sudarshan S, Rais-Bahrami S, Peyton CC. Are markers of survival associated with perioperative outcomes for tumor thrombectomy patients? Urol Oncol 2023; 41:358.e17-358.e24. [PMID: 37301680 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite modern advances in surgical and perioperative technologies, management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus (TT) is a morbid procedure that necessitates careful patient selection. It is not known whether established prognostic models for metastatic RCC are suitable prognostic tools for more immediate perioperative outcomes in patients with RCC with TT. We evaluated if established risk models for cytoreductive nephrectomy, as a potential extension of their purpose-built use, are associated with immediate perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy. METHODS Perioperative outcomes of patients who underwent radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy for RCC were compared to presences of established predictors of long-term outcomes from prior risk models individually and as stratified by risk grouping (International Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium [IMDC], Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC], M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [MDACC], and Moffitt Cancer Center [MCC]). Wilcoxon rank-sum test or the Kruskal-Wallis test compared continuous variables and the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test compared categorical variables. RESULTS Fifty-five patients were analyzed with 17 (30.9%) being cytoreductive. Eighteen (32.7%) patients had a level III or higher TT. Individually, preoperative variables were inconsistently associated with perioperative outcomes. Poorer risk patients per the IMDC model had more major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade≥3, P = 0.008). For the MSKCC model, poorer risk patients had increased intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL), longer length of stay (LOS), more major postoperative complications, and more likely to discharge to a rehabilitation facility (P < 0.05). Less favorable risk patients per MDACC model had increased LOS (P = 0.038). Poorer risk patients per the MCC model had increased EBL, LOS, major postoperative complications, and 30-day hospital readmissions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, cytoreductive risks models were heterogeneously associated with perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy. Of available models, the MCC model is associated with more perioperative outcomes including EBL, LOS, major postoperative complications, and readmissions within 30 days when compared to the IMDC, MSKCC, and MDACC models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Fang
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Leahy
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ava Saidian
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert A Oster
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Nix
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sunil Sudarshan
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Charles C Peyton
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scherñuk J, García Marchiñena PA, Carminatti T, Romeo A, Jurado AM. Renal Cell Carcinoma with Venous Extension: Safety of Laparoscopic Surgery for Thrombus Levels I-IIIa. J Endourol 2023; 37:786-792. [PMID: 37212234 DOI: 10.1089/end.2022.0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Novel studies are helping to consider minimally invasive surgery for treating patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus. Evidence regarding its feasibility and safety is still sparse and does not include a subclassification for level III thrombi. We aim to compare the safety of laparoscopic vs open surgery in patients with levels I-IIIa thrombus. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional comparative study using single-institutional data on adult patients treated surgically between June 2008 and June 2022. Participants were categorized into open and laparoscopic surgery groups. Primary outcome was difference in the incidence of 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo III-V) between groups. Secondary outcomes were differences in operative time, length of hospital stay, intraoperative blood transfusions, delta hemoglobin level, 30-day minor complications (Clavien-Dindo I-II), estimated overall survival, and progression-free survival between groups. A logistic regression model was performed including adjustment for confounding variables. Results: Overall, 15 patients in the laparoscopic group and 25 patients in the open group were included. Major complications occurred in 24.0% of patients within the open group and 6.7% of patients were treated laparoscopically (p = 0.120). Minor complications arose in 32.0% of patients treated with open surgery and in 13.3% of patients treated in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.162). Although not significant, there was a higher perioperative death rate within open surgery cases. The laparoscopic approach presented a crude odds ratio for major complications of 0.22 (95% confidence interval 0.02-2.1, p = 0.191) compared with open surgery. No differences were found between groups regarding oncologic outcomes. Conclusion: Laparoscopic approach for patients with venous thrombus levels I-IIIa seems to be as safe as open surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordán Scherñuk
- Department of Urology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Tomás Carminatti
- Department of Urology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Romeo
- Department of Urology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto M Jurado
- Department of Urology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv Z, Feng HY, Wang T, Ma X, Zhang X. Preoperative systemic inflammation response index indicates poor prognosis in patients treated with resection of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:167.e9-167.e19. [PMID: 35042663 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prognostic value of systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) in patients with renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (RCC-IVCTT) treated with radical nephrectomy and IVCTT thrombectomy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 144 consecutive patients with RCC-IVCTT who received radical nephrectomy and IVCTT thrombectomy at our center from January 2008 to August 2018. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to calculate the optimal cutoff value of preoperative SIRI. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to identify the independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS. The Harrell concordance index (C-index) was used to assess whether preoperative SIRI could improve the predictive accuracy of the existent prognostic models including Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage model, University of California at Los Angeles Integrated Staging System (UISS) model and Stage, Size, Grade and Necrosis (SSIGN) model. RESULTS Elevated preoperative SIRI was significantly correlated with clinicopathologic features that are associated with tumor progression. Patients were divided into a high or low SIRI group by the optimal cutoff value of SIRI. Patients in the high SIRI group had longer postoperative hospital stays and lost more blood during surgery. Kaplan Meier curve showed that high SIRI was correlated with decreased OS (P = 0.036) and PFS (P = 0.039) for patients with RCC-IVCTT after surgery. Increased preoperative SIRI was an independently risk factor for decreased OS (P = 0.038) and PFS (P = 0.021). To evaluate PFS, integrating SIRI to each model led to an increased predictive accuracy of 13.2% for TNM staging model (P = 0.007), 14.4% for UISS model (P = 0.000), 12.9% for SSIGN model (P = 0.003). To evaluate OS, integrating SIRI to each model led to an increased predictive accuracy of 13.2% for TNM staging model (P = 0.006), 12.8% for UISS model (P = 0.004), 12.4% for SSIGN model (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative SIRI serves as an independent predictor of prognosis for patients with RCC-IVCTT after surgery. Adding preoperative SIRI to the established prognostic models enhance their predictive accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lv
- Department of Urology, The Tianjin Third Central Hospital Affiliated of Nankai University; Department of Urology, The third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Yi Feng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, The third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, The third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, The third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dursun F, Patel RS, Hui D, Wang H, Mansour AM, Pruthi DK, Alonzo DG, Jayakumar L, Rodriguez R, Svatek RS, Liss MA, Kaushik D. The Latinx Disparity in Surgery for Kidney Cancer: Data from The South Texas Region. KIDNEY CANCER JOURNAL : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KIDNEY CANCER ASSOCIATION 2022; 20:6-13. [PMID: 35646227 PMCID: PMC9137392 DOI: 10.52733/kcj20n1-a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The South Texas region, with a predominantly Latinx population, has a very high incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including those with tumor extending into the major blood vessels called venous tumor thrombus (VTT). There is currently no data on outcomes of Latinx patients with VTT as most published studies are from predominantly Caucasian population. Therefore, we performed this study to fill an urgent, unmet need. We reviewed patients who underwent radical nephrectomy with removal of VTT (called tumor thrombectomy) between 2015 and 2020. We collected data on demographics, clinical, pathological characteristics and outcomes of patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between ethnicity and disease progression or survival. We identified 112 patients, of which 67 (62%) were Latinx, and 41 (38%) were non-Latinx. Approximately 60% of patients had Level II-IV VTT; Latinx presented with a higher level of tumor thrombus (p=0.046). Latinx patients had a higher rate of no insurance (11% vs. 27%, p=0.04) and were more likely to lost to follow-up after surgery (22.4% vs. 13.3%, p=0.23) compared to non-Latinx. Fewer Latinx received systemic therapy (28% vs. 42%; p=0.13). Ninety-day mortality for the entire cohort was 3.8%. The Latinx population in the South Texas region present late, with advanced thrombus level, and do not have access to systemic therapy. Given symptomatic disease, surgical treatment, if feasible, is their only option. Our results highlight disparate treatment patterns which require further investigation and health-care policy changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Dursun
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rahul S. Patel
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dawn Hui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Mansour
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- UT Health San Antonio/ MD Anderson Mays Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Deepak K. Pruthi
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA
| | - David G. Alonzo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA
| | - Lalithapriya Jayakumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- UT Health San Antonio/ MD Anderson Mays Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Robert S. Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- UT Health San Antonio/ MD Anderson Mays Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Michael A. Liss
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- UT Health San Antonio/ MD Anderson Mays Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Dharam Kaushik
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- UT Health San Antonio/ MD Anderson Mays Cancer Center, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cai X, Huang J, Yao X, Qian H, Zhang J, Kong W, Wu X, Huang Y, Chen Y, Xue W. Cognitive Function after Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Vena Caval Thrombus. Urology 2022; 167:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Ma S, Jia W, Hou G, Quan P, Zhang L, Fan X, Yang B, Su X, Jiao J, Wang F, Yuan J, Qin W, Yang X. Case reports of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy: A retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26886. [PMID: 34414942 PMCID: PMC8376354 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is one common type of urologic cancers. It has tendencies to invade into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and usually requires an open surgery procedure. High rates of operative complications and mortality are usually associated with an open surgery procedure. The recently emerged robot-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RAL-RN) and IVC tumor thrombectomy have shown to reduce operative related complications in patients with renal cell carcinoma.This case series study aimed to summarize technical utilization, perioperative outcomes, and efficacies of RAL-RN and IVC tumor thrombectomy in our hospital. A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 20 patients who underwent RAL-RN and IVC tumor thrombectomy from January 2017 to December 2019 in our department.Patients had a median age of 59 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46-68). Four patients had renal neoplasm on left side and 16 on right side. Nineteen patients underwent RAL-RN (level 0: n = 2) or RAL-RN with IVC thrombectomy (n = 17) (level I: n = 3; level II: n = 12; and level III: n = 3) and 1 patient was converted into an open surgery. The median operative time was 328 minutes (IQR, 221-453). The estimated median blood loss was 500 mL (IQR, 200-1200). The median size of removed renal carcinoma was 67 cm2 (IQR, 40-91); the length of IVC tumor thrombus was 5 cm (IQR, 3-7). The postsurgery hospital length of stay was 6 days (IQR, 5-7). The complications included intestinal obstruction (n = 1), lymphatic fistula (n = 1), heart failure (n = 1), and low hemoglobin level (n = 1). The outcomes for patients after 16 months (IQR, 11-21) follow-up were tumor-free (n = 10), tumor progression (n = 4), loss of contact (n = 1), and death (n = 5).We concluded that RAL-RN and IVC thrombectomy renders good safety profiles including minimal invasiveness, low estimated median blood loss, short hospitalization, low morbidity, and quick renal function recovery. The long-term efficacy needs a further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Ma
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weijing Jia
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guangdong Hou
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Penghe Quan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaozheng Fan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xing Su
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianhua Jiao
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Minimally invasive renal surgery has revolutionized the surgical management of renal cancer since the initial report of laparoscopic nephrectomy in 1991. Laparoscopic nephrectomy became the mainstay of management in surgically resectable renal masses since the 1990s. The growing body of literature supporting nephron-sparing surgery over the last two decades has meant that minimally invasive radical nephrectomy (MI-RN) is now the preferred treatment for renal tumors not amenable to partial nephrectomy. While there is a well-described experience with complex radical nephrectomy using standard laparoscopy, robot-assisted surgery has shortened the learning curve and facilitated greater uptake of minimally invasive surgery in difficult surgical scenarios traditionally performed open surgically. Increased experience and expertise with robot-assisted renal surgery has led to expansion of the indications for MI-RN to include larger masses, locally advanced renal masses invading adjacent tissues or regional hilar/retroperitoneal lymph nodes, cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic disease, and concurrent venous tumor thrombectomy for renal vein or inferior vena cava (IVC) involvement. In this article, we review the various surgical techniques and adjunctive procedures associated with MI-RN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar N Ashrafi
- USC Institute of Urology and Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Surgery, North Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Inderbir S Gill
- USC Institute of Urology and Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Immediate preoperative renal artery embolization in the resection of complex renal tumors (UroCCR-48 Reinbol study). Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 53:229-234. [PMID: 32880091 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the feasibility and outcomes of immediate preoperative renal artery embolization (IPRAE) before complex nephrectomy for locally advanced RCC ± inferior vena cava thrombus (IVCT). METHODS A comparative retrospective (2007-2017) multicenter study which included 145 patients with locally advanced RCC ± IVCT: 99 radical nephrectomies vs. 46 radical nephrectomies with IPRAE identified in the prospective UroCCR national database (CNIL DR 2013-206; NCT03293563). IPRAE was performed under local anesthesia the day of nephrectomy (< 4 h prior to nephrectomy). The primary endpoint was peroperative blood loss (mL). Secondary outcomes were: tolerance of embolization (pain visual scale), success rate of IPRAE defined by complete devascularization of the kidney, perioperative complications according to Clavien score and postoperative GFR. RESULTS The baseline characteristics of IPRAE and the control groups were similar. Tumor staging was 14% T2b, 41% T3a, 27% T3b, 13% T3c, 6% T4. The success rate of IPRAE was 98%. Median artery embolizated per patient was 2 (Agochukwu and Shuch in World J Urol 32:581-589, 2014; Marshall et al. in J Urol 139:1166-1172, 1988; Yap et al. in BJU Int 110:1283-1288, 2012;Gill et al. in J Urol. 194:929-938, 2015; Wang et al. in Eur Urol 69:1112-1119, 2016). No severe complications occurred after IPRAE. Postembolization syndrome was reported in 7% (Clavien I-II). Mean peroperative blood losses in the IPRAE and control groups were: 726 ± 118 ml and 1083 ± 114 ml (P = 0.03). In a multivariate analysis that included: age, Karnofsky index, IPRAE (yes vs. no), IVCT (yes vs. no), tumor size and synchronous metastasis, no IPRAE and IVCT were significantly associated with increased peroperative bleeding. CONCLUSION IPRAE before nephrectomy for locally advanced and/or IVCT tumors was well tolerated, was associated with lower peroperative bleeding and did not increase the incidence or severity of postoperative complications.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang B, Huang Q, Liu K, Fan Y, Peng C, Gu L, Shi T, Zhang P, Chen W, Du S, Niu S, Liu R, Zhao G, Li Q, Xiao C, Wang R, Li S, Wang M, Liu F, Wang H, Li H, Ma X, Zhang X. Robot-assisted Level III-IV Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy: Initial Series with Step-by-step Procedures and 1-yr Outcomes. Eur Urol 2020; 78:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
13
|
Shen D, Wang H, Wang C, Huang Q, Li S, Wu S, Xuan Y, Gong H, Li H, Ma X, Wang B, Zhang X. Cumulative Sum Analysis of the Operator Learning Curve for Robot-Assisted Mayo Clinic Level I-IV Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy Associated with Renal Carcinoma: A Study of 120 Cases at a Single Center. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922987. [PMID: 32107362 PMCID: PMC7063847 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to use cumulative sum analysis of the operator learning curve for robot-assisted Mayo Clinic level I–IV inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy associated with renal carcinoma, and describes the development of an optimized operative procedure at a single center. Material/Methods A retrospective study included 120 patients with Mayo Clinic level I–IV IVC thrombus who underwent robotic surgery between 2013 and 2018. Points in the learning curve were identified using cumulative sum analysis, and their impact was assessed by multiple regression analysis. Perioperative indicators analyzed included operative time, estimated blood loss, early complications, and the 90-day progression rate. Results Cumulative sum analysis identified three phases in the learning curve of robot-assisted IVC thrombectomy. The median operative time decreased from 265 min (range, 212–401 min) to 207 min (range, 146–276 min) (p=0.003), the median estimated blood loss decreased from 775 ml (range, 413–1500 ml) to 300 ml (range, 163–813 ml) (p=0.006), and the early complication rate decreased from 52.5% to 15.0% (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that for an initial 40 cases and a further 80 cases, the learning phase, the affected side, the Mayo Clinic level, and the surgical method were independent factors that affected operative time, estimated blood loss, and the rate of early complications. Conclusions Experience from an initial 40 cases and a further 80 cases of Mayo Clinic level I–IV IVC thrombectomy associated with renal carcinoma were found to provide acceptable surgical and clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Shen
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Hanfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Chenfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Qingbo Huang
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shichao Li
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shengpan Wu
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yundong Xuan
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Huijie Gong
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Inferior Vena Cava Resection and Reconstruction with Bovine Pericardium for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Complications and Outcomes. Urology 2019; 134:143-147. [PMID: 31542462 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the postoperative complication rate and overall survival when bovine pericardium is used as graft material for inferior vena cava (IVC) reconstructions in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The ideal graft material is yet to be established, with synthetic grafts widely studied and used in the current literature. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of consecutive patients who underwent IVC reconstructions as part of resection for RCC, using bovine pericardium as either a patch repair or tubular interposition graft. RESULTS A total of 15 patients underwent resection with IVC reconstruction between 2010 and 2018. Nine patients had tubular interposition grafts and 6 had patch repairs. Three patients had Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher short-term complications. There was no difference in Comprehensive Complications Index between those who had interposition grafts and patch repairs. Two patients had a long-term graft-associated thrombus requiring temporary anticoagulation. Overall survival was 46.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 36.9-56.1). There were no perioperative deaths. All long-term deaths were due to disease progression. CONCLUSION Reconstruction of the IVC with a bovine pericardium graft is safe in experienced centers. Bovine pericardium could be considered as the material of choice, given its safety in the immediate postoperative period, ease of use, and patency without routine long-term anticoagulation. Advanced surgical management leads to good overall survival in this cohort with high tumor burden.
Collapse
|
15
|
Assi T, El Rassy E, Farhat F, Kattan J. Overview on the role of preoperative therapy in the management of kidney cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:11-20. [PMID: 31144210 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of molecular therapy through targeted kinase inhibitors (TKI) has revolutionized the management of renal cell carcinoma. Although surgical resection remains the cornerstone of any therapeutic plan, an increased risk of morbidity and mortality can be of concern in large and complex bulky tumors. Preoperative therapy with TKIs is hypothesized to facilitate resectability, reduce surgical morbidity and allow nephron-sparing surgery. Many concerns on the safety, efficacy and tolerability of these agents before surgery have halted the progress in this setting. In this paper, we will review the indications and safety of preoperative TKIs in RCC as well as the future approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Assi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - E El Rassy
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - F Farhat
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - J Kattan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Campi R, Tellini R, Sessa F, Mari A, Cocci A, Greco F, Crestani A, Gomez Rivas J, Fiori C, Lapini A, Gallucci M, Capitanio U, Roupret M, Abaza R, Carini M, Serni S, Ficarra V, Porpiglia F, Esperto F, Minervini A. Techniques and outcomes of minimally-invasive surgery for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombosis: a systematic review of the literature. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2019; 71:339-358. [PMID: 30957477 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.19.03396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current guidelines recommend considering surgical excision of non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis in patients with acceptable performance status. Of note, several authors have pioneered specific techniques for laparoscopic and robotic management of renal cancer with level I-IV IVC thrombosis. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review of the English-language literature on surgical techniques and perioperative outcomes of minimally-invasive radical nephrectomy (RN) and IVC thrombectomy for nonmetastatic RCC was performed without time filters using the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science (WoS) databases in September 2018 according to the PRISMA statement recommendations. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Overall, 28 studies were selected for qualitative analysis (N.=13 on laparoscopic surgery, N.=15 on robotic surgery). The quality of evidence according to GRADE was low. Laparoscopic techniques included hand-assisted, hybrid and pure laparoscopic approaches. Most of these series included right-sided tumors with predominantly level I or II IVC thrombi. Similarly, most robotic series reported right-sided RCC with level I-II IVC thrombosis; yet, few authors extended the indication to level III thrombi and to left-sided RCC. Surgical techniques for minimally-invasive IVC thrombectomy evolved over the years, with specific technical nuances aiming to tailor surgical strategy according to both tumor side and thrombus extent. Among the included studies, perioperative outcomes were promising. CONCLUSIONS Minimally-invasive surgery is technically feasible and has been shown to achieve acceptable perioperative outcomes in selected patients with renal cancer and IVC thrombosis. The evidence is premature to draw conclusions on intermediate-long term oncologic outcomes. Robotic surgery allowed to extend surgical indications to more challenging cases with more extensive tumor thrombosis. Nonetheless, global experience on minimally-invasive IVC thrombectomy is limited to high-volume surgeons at high-volume Centers. Future research is needed to prove its non-inferiority as compared to open surgery and to define its benefits and limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Campi
- Department of Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy - .,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy -
| | - Riccardo Tellini
- Department of Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Department of Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Cocci
- Department of Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Crestani
- Unit of Urology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Academic Medical Center Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Juan Gomez Rivas
- Department of Urology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Fiori
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Lapini
- Department of Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Gallucci
- Department of Urology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Unit of Urology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Renal Cancer, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Roupret
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Ronney Abaza
- Unit of Robotic Urologic Surgery, Ohio Health Dublin Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marco Carini
- Department of Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Serni
- Department of Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ficarra
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Minervini
- Department of Urology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liss MA, Chen Y, Rodriguez R, Pruthi D, Johnson-Pais T, Wang H, Mansour A, Kaushik D. Immunogenic Heterogeneity of Renal Cell Carcinoma With Venous Tumor Thrombus. Urology 2018; 124:168-173. [PMID: 30385260 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform immune-cell enumeration and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cc-RCC) with tumor thrombus (TT) to guide therapeutic decisions. METHODS After obtaining IRB approval and surgical consent, 6 patients underwent radical nephrectomy with venous tumor thrombectomy. We utilized RNA Sequencing to obtain RNAseq expression profiles. Computational calculation and enumeration of immune cells were performed using CIBERSORT, xCell, and ingenuity pathway analysis software. Statistical assessment was conducted using a t test, chi-square, ANOVA and Spearman rank correlations using SPSS v21. RESULTS We observed a higher proportion of M1 macrophages in the primary tumor and tumor thrombus, while we noted no difference in M2 macrophages despite M2 representing a high number in thrombus samples. (ANOVA, P = .032, and P = .89, respectively). Validation with xCell and ingenuity pathway analysis analysis showed a high involvement of macrophages. We observed a higher number of M1 macrophages (CIBERSORT mean 0.11 vs 0.03, P < 0.01) and (nonactivated) resting Natural Killer (NK) cells (0.077 vs 0.017, P = .02) associated PD-L1 high expression of the primary tumor. PDL1 expression was variable without differences in tumor stage, level, or immune cell detection. We observed an inverse correlation of mean platelet volume with PD-L1 expression within the primary tumor (Spearman, -0.89, P = 02) and the TT (Spearman, -0.77, P = 0.07). CONCLUSION Renal tumor thrombus has higher levels of M1 macrophages that could be utilized as additional targets for future drug development. The PD-L1 expression on clear cell RCC biopsy may not represent its corresponding TT. Future studies are needed to confirm mean platelet volume as a potential blood-based biomarker for PD-L1 expression in RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; GreeheyChildren's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, SanAntonio, TX.
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; GreeheyChildren's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, SanAntonio, TX
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; GreeheyChildren's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, SanAntonio, TX
| | - Deepak Pruthi
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; GreeheyChildren's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, SanAntonio, TX
| | - Teresa Johnson-Pais
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; GreeheyChildren's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, SanAntonio, TX
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; GreeheyChildren's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, SanAntonio, TX
| | - Ahmed Mansour
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; GreeheyChildren's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, SanAntonio, TX
| | - Dharam Kaushik
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; GreeheyChildren's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, SanAntonio, TX
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu P, Du S, Chen S, Zheng S, Hu Y, Liu L, Zheng S. The role of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in surgery for renal or adrenal tumor with vena cava thrombus: a single-institution experience. J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 13:85. [PMID: 29976214 PMCID: PMC6034231 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-018-0772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to review our experience in managing renal or adrenal tumors with level III or IV inferior vena cava thrombus by using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA), and to evaluate survival outcomes. METHODS Between September 2004 and March 2016, we treated 33 patients with renal or adrenal malignancy tumor and thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava. Patients were identified according to radiographic records and operative findings. Clinicopathological and operative characteristics were recorded, and comparisons of clinical and operative characteristics through DHCA were performed. A Cox regression model was used to determine predictors of perioperative mortality. RESULTS Twenty-one out of 33 patients with level III (n = 15), level IV (n = 5), or level II (n = 1) renal or adrenal tumors were treated surgically through cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with DHCA, and 12 patients with level II or III tumors were treated surgically through normothermic CPB. Three complications were observed, and one death occurred perioperatively, owing to multiple organ failure. The overall perioperative mortality was 4.7%. There were significant differences in the clinicopathological characteristics, operative duration, estimated blood loss, transfusions and hospital stay depending on use of DHCA. Multivariate analysis indicated that the operative duration (OR, 3.78; P < 0.001), estimated blood loss (OR, 1.08; P = 0.02), and transfusion (OR, 2.13; P = 0.038) during/after surgery were positively associated with higher mortality and morbidity. DHCA failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.378). CONCLUSIONS Use of CPB and DHCA to treat renal or adrenal tumors allows for complete tumor resection, especially at the T4 stage. Although it can cause physical damage, this technique does not increase operative risk and is a relatively safe approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, NanFang hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, NanFang hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Department of Urinary Surgery, NanFang hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobin Zheng
- Department of Urinary Surgery, NanFang hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, NanFang hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, NanFang hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, NanFang hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nini A, Capitanio U, Larcher A, Dell’Oglio P, Dehò F, Suardi N, Muttin F, Carenzi C, Freschi M, Lucianò R, La Croce G, Briganti A, Colombo R, Salonia A, Castiglioni A, Rigatti P, Montorsi F, Bertini R. Perioperative and Oncologic Outcomes of Nephrectomy and Caval Thrombectomy Using Extracorporeal Circulation and Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest for Renal Cell Carcinoma Invading the Supradiaphragmatic Inferior Vena Cava and/or Right Atrium. Eur Urol 2018; 73:793-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Peng C, Gu L, Wang L, Huang Q, Wang B, Guo G, Fan Y, Gao Y, Ma X, Zhang X. Role of presurgical targeted molecular therapy in renal cell carcinoma with an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1997-2005. [PMID: 29670375 PMCID: PMC5898583 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s158114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The clinical benefit of targeted molecular therapy (TMT) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with an inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of presurgical TMT on the heights and levels of IVC thrombi, and to assess its impact on surgical strategy. Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 18 patients with RCC involving IVC tumor thrombi who were treated at our hospital with presurgical TMT followed by an IVC thrombectomy. The changes in heights and levels of the IVC thrombi were compared using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Clinicopathological factors were also evaluated to assess their association with TMT efficacy. Results The tumor thrombus levels before TMT were stage I in 1 patient (5.6%), II in 12 patients (66.7%), III in 4 patients (22.2%), and IV in 1 patient (5.6%). After a median of two treatment cycles (range: 1–3), the thrombus height decreased measurably in 11 patients (61.1%) with an average shrinkage of 17.7%. The thrombus height remained stable in five patients (27.8%) and was enlarged in two (11.1%). Downstaging of the thrombus level occurred in four patients (22.2%); the surgical strategy was modified in three patients (16.7%) to avoid cardiopulmonary bypass and complicated liver mobilization under robot-assisted laparoscopy. Furthermore, a higher neutrophil count tended to be associated with a worse clinical TMT-associated outcome (P=0.056). Conclusion Our data suggest a limited influence of presurgical TMT with a positive benefit in RCC patients with level III and IV thrombus. Thrombus-level regression may potentially alter the surgical strategy, especially robotic surgery. However, our findings require validation with additional prospective investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyou Gu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA 534 Hospital, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Huang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Presurgical pazopanib for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena caval thrombus: a single-institution study. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:565-571. [PMID: 29629905 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical benefit of presurgical therapy with pazopanib in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with a tumor thrombus extending to a high level in the vena cava. A retrospective review was performed for seven consecutive patients with RCC and tumor thrombus involving the vena cava above the hepatic vein (level 3-4, Mayo Clinic classification) treated with pazopanib without initial cytoreductive nephrectomy at our institution. The effect of pazopanib was assessed in terms of the primary site response, thrombus diameter, and height (before and after treatment) on computed tomography or MRI. The tumor thrombus level before the induction of pazopanib was 3 in one patient and 4 in the remaining six patients. After pazopanib, shrinkage of the primary site and thrombus diameter and length were observed in all patients except one (with a rhabdoid tumor). The mean decreases of primary tumor diameter, tumor thrombus diameter, and length were 14, 9, and 31 mm, respectively. The tumor thrombus level decreased in three (43%) patients and remained stable in the remaining patient. Our findings suggest that presurgical treatment with pazopanib may shrink the tumor thrombus and decrease the surgical invasiveness in RCC patients with a high-level tumor thrombus.
Collapse
|
22
|
Robot-assisted Retrohepatic Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy: First or Second Porta Hepatis as an Important Boundary Landmark. Eur Urol 2017; 74:512-520. [PMID: 29223604 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robot-assisted retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy (RA-R-IVCTE) has been reported only for limited series. OBJECTIVE To describe in detail the techniques for RA-R-IVCTE with regard to the relationship of a proximal thrombus to either the first porta hepatis (FPH) or second porta hepatis (SPH). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS From May 2013 to July 2016, 22 patients with R-IVC tumor thrombi were admitted to our hospital. SURGICAL PROCEDURE RA-R-IVCTE was performed using the Rummel tourniquet technique. For a proximal thrombus inferior to the FPH, we ligated some short hepatic veins (SHVs; typically 1-3). For a thrombus between the FPH and SPH, we mobilized the right lobe of the liver from the IVC by ligating additional SHVs. For a thrombus near or above the SPH but below the diaphragm, we mobilized both the right and left lobes of the liver to obtain high proximal control of the suprahepatic and infradiaphragmatic IVC, and simultaneously clamped the FPH. MEASUREMENTS Detailed techniques were described for various scenarios and perioperative outcomes were recorded. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The median operation time was 285min (interquartile range [IQR] 191-390). Intraoperative estimated blood loss was 1350ml (IQR 1000-2075ml). Some 63.6% of patients required an intraoperative blood transfusion and 68% were transferred to the intensive care unit after surgery. Grade IV complications developed in five cases. Vascular injuries (4 cases) were treated with intraoperative endoscopic sutures. An intestinal fistula was found on postoperative day 7 in one case; treatment with gastrointestinal decompression and drainage resolved the condition by 1 mo. CONCLUSIONS Even though the risks involved are high, RA-R-IVCTE is feasible for selected patients. The FPH/SPH is an important boundary landmark for RA-R-IVCTE. The location of proximal IVC tumor thrombi in relation to the FPH or SPH should determine the technique used. PATIENT SUMMARY Robot-assisted thrombectomy for retrohepatic inferior vena cava tumor thrombus is feasible in selected patients.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gu L, Ma X, Gao Y, Li H, Li X, Chen L, Wang B, Xie Y, Fan Y, Zhang X. Robotic versus Open Level I-II Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy: A Matched Group Comparative Analysis. J Urol 2017; 198:1241-1246. [PMID: 28694078 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Gu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (LC), Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (LC), Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (LC), Nanchang, China
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (LC), Nanchang, China
| | - Xintao Li
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (LC), Nanchang, China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (LC), Nanchang, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (LC), Nanchang, China
| | - Yongpeng Xie
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (LC), Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (LC), Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (LC), Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- C Wong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yunoki K, Wada T, Miyawaki I, Yamazaki K, Mima H. Anesthetic management of one-stage scheduled surgery for adrenal cortical carcinoma complicated by massive pulmonary tumor embolism. JA Clin Rep 2017; 3:48. [PMID: 29457092 PMCID: PMC5804644 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-017-0115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Yunoki
- 1The Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1, Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe city, Hyogo 6500047 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Rinku General Medical Center, Rinku Ourai Kita 2-23, Izumisano city, Osaka, 5988577 Japan
| | - Ikuko Miyawaki
- 1The Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1, Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe city, Hyogo 6500047 Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamazaki
- 1The Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1, Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe city, Hyogo 6500047 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mima
- 1The Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1, Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe city, Hyogo 6500047 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fukuda H, Kondo T, Takagi T, Iizuka J, Nagashima Y, Tanabe K. Limited benefit of targeted molecular therapy for inferior vena cava thrombus associated with renal cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 22:767-773. [PMID: 28365808 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical benefit of targeted molecular therapy (TMT) for an inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the change in IVC thrombus height during TMT and to identify the factors associated with the effect of TMT on an IVC thrombus in RCC patients. METHODS The present study retrospectively analyzed 21 patients with an IVC thrombus who were treated with TMT at our hospital. Thrombus height and level before and after TMT were assessed using CT or MRI. Furthermore, we examined the factors associated with the effect of TMT on the IVC thrombus. RESULTS The tumor thrombus level before TMT was I in 2 patients (10%), II in 10 (47%), III in 4 (19%), and IV in 5 (24%). Following TMT, the tumor thrombus height decreased in 16 patients (76%), and the mean decrease was 17 mm. The tumor thrombus height increased in 5 patients (24%), and the mean increase was 30 mm. The tumor thrombus level decreased in 4 patients (19%), remained stable in 15 patients (71%), and increased in 2 patients (10%). We found that the clinical nodal stage (p = 0.025) was significantly associated with and the serum neutrophil count (p = 0.067) tended to be associated with the reduction in the IVC thrombus. CONCLUSION The clinical benefit of TMT for an IVC thrombus associated with RCC is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Fukuda
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Iizuka
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hofer L, Gasch C, Hatiboglu G, Motsch J, Grüllich C, Duensing S, Hohenfellner M. [Level IV inferior vena cava tumor thrombus : A rare diagnosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma]. Urologe A 2017; 56:868-875. [PMID: 28349189 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-017-0369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma in combination with a supradiaphragmatic tumor thrombus is a rare tumor entity. Radical surgery including nephrectomy and thrombectomy is still considered standard treatment. The extent of the tumor thrombus should be preoperatively evaluated by MRI and TEE. An interdisciplinary team is important for surgery planning and realization. Despite the known risks of an operation, a longer overall survival is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hofer
- Urologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - C Gasch
- Urologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - G Hatiboglu
- Urologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - J Motsch
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - C Grüllich
- Klinik für Medizinische Onkologie, Nationales Zentrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - S Duensing
- Urologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - M Hohenfellner
- Urologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gu L, Wang Z, Chen L, Ma X, Li H, Nie W, Peng C, Li X, Gao Y, Zhang X. A proposal of post-operative nomogram for overall survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus. J Surg Oncol 2017; 115:905-912. [PMID: 28230236 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Gu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical School; Beijing China
| | - Zihuan Wang
- Institute of Occupational Health; Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical School; Beijing China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical School; Beijing China
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical School; Beijing China
| | - Wenyuan Nie
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical School; Beijing China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical School; Beijing China
| | - Xintao Li
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical School; Beijing China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical School; Beijing China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical School; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Overholser S, Raheem O, Zapata D, Kaushik D, Rodriguez R, Derweesh IH, Liss MA. Radiologic indicators prior to renal cell cancer thrombectomy: Implications for vascular reconstruction and mortality. Urol Ann 2016; 8:312-6. [PMID: 27453653 PMCID: PMC4944624 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.184888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cancer may invade the inferior vena cava (IVC) creating more complex surgical intervention. We investigate radiologic findings that may predict vascular reconstruction prior to surgery and future renal cancer-specific mortality. Materials and Methods: Radiologic findings included Mayo Clinic risk factors for vascular reconstruction: Right-sided tumor, anteroposterior diameter of the IVC at the ostium of the renal vein ≥24.0 mm, and radiologic identification of complete occlusion of the IVC. Additional factors included thrombus in the lumen of the hepatic veins and metastasis. Along with other demographic factors, analysis included Chi-squared analysis for vascular reconstruction and logistic regression for mortality. A Kaplan–Meier curve was created for the most significant radiologic factor. Results: Thirty-seven patients underwent IVC tumor thrombectomy at two institutions from April 2007 to February 2015. We found that Mayo risk factors of 0, 1, 2, and 3 and the proportions of vascular reconstruction of 0%, 0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively (P = 0.788). Hepatic vein involvement was the most significant determinate of renal cell carcinoma-specific mortality in multivariable analysis, controlling for the size of IVC at the hepatic veins, pulmonary metastasis, and Fuhrman grade (P = 0.02, Log-rank P = 0.002). Conclusion: Mayo risk factors did not predict vascular reconstruction in our small cohort of Level II–Level IV IVC thrombus undergoing IVC thrombectomy. Tumor thrombus traveling into the lumen of the hepatic veins was a significant risk factor for accelerated mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Overholser
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Omer Raheem
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Zapata
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dharam Kaushik
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ithaar H Derweesh
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gagné-Loranger M, Lacombe L, Pouliot F, Fradet V, Dagenais F. Renal cell carcinoma with thrombus extending to the hepatic veins or right atrium: operative strategies based on 41 consecutive patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 50:317-21. [PMID: 27016196 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The natural history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumour thrombus extending at or above the hepatic veins is dismal. Different surgical approaches have been described including cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. We here report our experience in terms of surgical techniques and outcomes on 41 consecutive patients presenting an RCC extending to the hepatic veins or the right atrium. A surgical decision-making algorithm is discussed. METHODS Retrospective review of 41 patients operated for RCC extending in the retrohepatic vena cava (extent level III-IV) between 2000 and 2015. Patients were operated by a dedicated urology/cardiac surgery team. RESULTS The mean age was 62.6 ± 10.4 years; 39% were female. Surgery was emergent in 7.3% of patients, 2.4% of patients had preoperative dialysis, 4.9% required a redo sternotomy and 19.5% had coronary artery disease. Tumour thrombus extended above the diaphragm in 23 patients (level IV) and to the level of hepatic veins (level III) in 18 patients. CPB was used in 38 patients. Arterial cannulation was in the aorta or femoral artery in 14 patients during the initial experience. In the current era, the axillary artery and the innominate artery were used in 12 patients each. Mean CPB, cross-clamp and circulatory arrest times were, respectively, 96.5 ± 42.9, 21.1 ± 16.4 and 10.2 ± 8.2 min (mean temperature of 25.7 ± 4.9°C). Hepatic exclusion without the use of CPB was performed to excise the thrombus in 3 patients. A right nephrectomy was performed in 25 patients, a left in 15 patients and a bilateral nephrectomy in 1 patient. Five patients had a partial inferior vena cava (IVC) resection, with 4 patients requiring a patch reconstruction of the IVC. Three patients had an infrarenal IVC ligation. One patient suffered a cerebrovascular accident in the postoperative period. One in-hospital death occurred (in-hospital mortality 2.4%). The mean follow-up was 1.9 ± 2.0 years. Twenty-three patients died during follow-up; 21 were disease-related. Three-year survival rate was 37.1%. CONCLUSION High-level RCC tumour thrombus is a rare clinical entity, the treatment of which is complex and requires dedicated operative teams. The operative technique should be tailored according to the level of extension and the extent of vena cava obstruction/occlusion of the tumour thrombus. Contemporary operative techniques may be conducted with excellent results. Mid-term survival is limited, supporting the necessity to pursue research efforts towards establishing effective adjunct therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Gagné-Loranger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Department of Urology, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Department of Urology, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Department of Urology, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - François Dagenais
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tachibana H, Takagi T, Kondo T, Ishida H, Tanabe K. The safety and validity of surgical resection for hemodialysis-dependent patients with renal cell carcinomas involving the inferior vena cava. Int Cancer Conf J 2016; 5:136-139. [PMID: 31149441 DOI: 10.1007/s13691-016-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative morbidity and mortality increase during renal cell carcinoma resection with inferior vena cava involvement in hemodialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease patients. We evaluated the safety and validity of surgical management for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombi in such patients undergoing radical nephrectomies and tumor thrombectomies. There were three patients with tumor thrombus level II, and one each with tumor thrombus level III and IV. We evaluated median operative time (337 min), median estimated blood loss (1300 mL), and median postoperative hospitalization (15 days). Postoperative complications included surgical site dehiscence and pulmonary thromboembolism. One patient with preoperatively identified lung metastases developed a pulmonary thromboembolism on day 3 and died on day 15. The other four patients had long postoperative survival (19-104 months). Successful surgical management of renal cell carcinoma involving the inferior vena cava requires preoperative evaluation of the patient's condition to improve survival for hemodialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Tachibana
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Hideki Ishida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Glebova NO, Hicks CW, Piazza KM, Lum YW, Abularrage CJ, Black JH. Outcomes of Bypass Support Use during Inferior Vena Cava Resection and Reconstruction. Ann Vasc Surg 2016; 30:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Wang M, Zhang J, Niu Y, Xing N. Feasibility of Pure Conventional Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy With Level II Vena Caval Tumor Thrombectomy. Urology 2015; 90:101-4. [PMID: 26723181 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report our surgical outcomes and experiences with pure conventional retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy for patients with right renal tumors and level II inferior vena caval tumor thrombus. MATERIALS AND METHODS From February 2012 to June 2014, five patients underwent pure conventional retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy. After the inferior vena cava was blocked using tourniquet loops above and below the thrombus with the contralateral renal vein being clamped, the inferior vena cava was opened, and the tumor thrombus was fully extracted. RESULTS The mean patient age was 57 years (43-71 years) and the mean body mass index was 22.44 kg/m(2) (20-25 kg/m(2)). The mean operative time was 241 minutes (180-300 minutes) and the mean estimated blood loss was 290 ml (50-1000 mL). The mean tumor size was 6.9 cm (3.5-9 cm) and the mean tumor thrombus length was 5.5 cm (4-10 cm). One patient needed an intraoperative transfusion, and the patient encountered bilateral lower limb deep vein thrombus. With a mean follow-up of 11.5 months (5-30 months), one patient was identified with lung metastasis 4 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION Although pure conventional laparoscopic nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy for level II tumor thrombus are challenging, they are feasible in carefully selected patients. More studies are needed to confirm their superiority and oncologic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuai Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinong Niu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang B, Li H, Ma X, Zhang X, Gu L, Li X, Fan Y, Gao Y, Liu K, Zhu J. Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy: Different Sides Require Different Techniques. Eur Urol 2015; 69:1112-9. [PMID: 26706105 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety and feasibility of robot-assisted laparoscopic inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy (RAL-IVCTE) have been investigated in limited reports. OBJECTIVE To share our initial experience with RAL-IVCTE, as well as describe respectively the detailed techniques for RAL-IVCTE for left or right renal cell carcinoma (RCC). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS From May 2013 to July 2014, 17 patients with RCC involving IVC tumor thrombus were admitted to our hospital. SURGICAL PROCEDURE For right RCC, the caudal IVC, left renal vein, and cephalic IVC were sequentially clamped. The IVC wall was cut, and the thrombus was removed. For left RCC, the left renal vein, which included the thrombus, was ligated with Endo-GIA. The caudal IVC, right renal artery, right renal vein, and cephalic IVC were sequentially clamped. MEASUREMENTS The detailed techniques for RAL-IVCTE for different sides were described and the perioperative outcomes recorded. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The operations were successfully performed without open conversion. Median operation time was 131min (100-150min) and 250min (190-275min) for the right and left RCC, respectively. Median estimated blood loss was 240ml (145-320ml). Median IVC blocking time was 17min (12-25min). For left RCC, median warm ischemia time for the right kidney was 18min (14-22min). A grade IV complication-bleeding from tributaries of the IVC-developed in one case and was successfully resolved with intraoperative endoscopic suture. CONCLUSIONS RAL-IVCTE is safe and feasible. For left RCC involving IVC thrombus, right renal warm ischemia time is necessary during the procedure, requiring a more advanced technical skill. The therapeutic effect and overall survival rate require further investigation with a larger sample size and longer follow-up. PATIENT SUMMARY Robot-assisted laparoscopic inferior vena cava thrombectomy is technically challenging but safe and feasible. The therapeutic effect needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Wang
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.
| | - Liangyou Gu
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Xintao Li
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nwadei IU, Lorentz A, Patil D, Dimarco MA, Master VA, Osunkoya AO. Renal cell carcinoma with vena caval involvement: a contemporary clinicopathologic analysis of 53 cases. Hum Pathol 2015; 49:83-9. [PMID: 26826414 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A clinicopathologic analysis of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and vena caval involvement diagnosed at our institution was performed. Multiple clinicopathologic parameters were examined. Fifty-three cases were identified. Mean patient age was 62 years (range, 40-82 years). The cohort comprised 36 of 53 (68%) men and 17 of 53 (32%) women. Mean primary tumor size was 10.4 cm (range, 3.1-21.0 cm). The breakdown of tumor stage was as follows: 37 of 53 (70%) were pT3b, 14 of 53 (26%) were pT3c, and 2 of 53 (4%) were pT4. Most of the tumors were clear cell RCC (45/53, 84.6%), although other variants were also represented. All cases were Fuhrman nuclear grade 3 (34/53, 64%) or 4 (19/53, 36%). Tumor necrosis was present in 41 of 53 (77%) cases. At the time of the initial tumor resection, 11 of 53 (21%) cases were staged pM1. Of the 42 patients staged as pMX at the time of primary tumor resection, 12 of 42 (29%) later developed metastasis, most commonly to the lungs. Of all 53 cases with these very advanced tumors, only 6 of 53 (11.3%) had positive surgical margins: 4 of 53 (7.5%) had positive vascular resection margins, and 2 of 53 (3.8%) had focally positive perinephric fat margins. The mean 5-year survival in our cohort was 50%. Our findings suggest that a select group of patients with RCC with vena caval involvement may benefit from radical nephrectomy, although some tumors may have positive vascular and/or nonvascular surgical resection margins even in the best surgical hands. Multi-institutional studies are needed to further characterize these advanced tumors from the molecular standpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma U Nwadei
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Adam Lorentz
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Dattatraya Patil
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Michelle A Dimarco
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Viraj A Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322; Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Adeboye O Osunkoya
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322; Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322; Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322; Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, 30033.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Emergency cardiopulmonary bypass for massive pulmonary embolism occurring during nephrectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 4:117-9. [PMID: 25909776 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of cardiac arrest secondary to pulmonary tumor embolization occurring in a patient undergoing nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with a tumor thrombus invading the inferior vena cava infrahepatically. Tumor embolization in such cases is very rare (1.5%), but if it occurs, mortality is 75%. In our case, resources were rapidly mobilized, and cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated for pulmonary embolectomy within 34 minutes of the cardiac arrest. The patient's trachea was extubated on postoperative day 1, and he was discharged home 9 days later neurologically intact. Excellent preoperative and intraoperative communication among all involved health care providers, as well as rapid mobilization of the available resources, played important roles in the patient's positive outcome.
Collapse
|
37
|
Surgical treatment of renal carcinoma with atrial tumor thrombus avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass: step-by-step description. Urologia 2015; 82:223-5. [PMID: 26108205 DOI: 10.5301/uro.5000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) occurs in 4-10% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and poses a challenge for the surgical team. Because there is no systemic therapy available to significantly reduce tumor burden, surgical intervention is the only treatment. However, the surgical approach is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. When the thrombus extends above the diaphragm, the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and accompanying deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) has usually been advocated. However, complications inherent to CPB and DHCA, such as coagulopathy and central nervous system complications, have led us to search for an alternative surgical approach to these tumors. The purpose of this study is to describe the surgical technique used in five patients with large RCC with tumor thrombus extending into the supradiaphragmatic IVC and Right atrium (RA), Right atrium, who underwent extensive resection without CPB and DHCA.
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen YH, Wu XR, Hu ZL, Wang WJ, Jiang C, Kong W, Chen W, Xue W, Liu DM, Huang YR. Treatment of renal cell carcinoma with a level III or level IV inferior vena cava thrombus using cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:159. [PMID: 25897659 PMCID: PMC4411871 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the minimally invasive cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) approach in the management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with level III or IV inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus and evaluate the survival outcomes. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis on 32 RCC patients with IVC thrombus that underwent nephrectomy and thrombectomy via the minimally invasive CPB/DHCA approach between January 2007 and December 2013. Perioperative variables (for example, operative time, CPB duration, and circulatory arrest duration), estimated blood loss, hospital stay, perioperative complications, and survival data were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-two patients (median age: 56 years) were treated surgically using the CPB and DHCA approach for RCC with a level III (n=25) or level IV (n=7) tumor thrombus. The median operation time was 360 min (interquartile range (IQR): 300 to 435 min) with median CPB and DHCA durations of 149 min and 23 min, respectively. The median estimated blood loss was 2,500 ml. Four complications were observed but no deaths occurred perioperatively. The median follow-up was 25 months (range: 4 to 64 months). The mean overall survival (OS) was 28.2±4.6 months while the disease-free survival (DFS) was 19.5±11.6 months. In patients with M0 disease, ten patients developed metastases and were treated with sorafenib as an adjuvant therapy. The mean OS and DFS of this subgroup were 25.4±12.8 months and 16.0±14.2 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy using CPB and DHCA to treat RCC is a relatively safe approach associated with low morbidity and mortality. This minimally invasive procedure may help minimize surgical trauma and improve perioperative outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Xiao-Rong Wu
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Zhen-Lei Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei-Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Dong-Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yi-Ran Huang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nguyen HG, Tilki D, Dall'Era MA, Durbin-Johnson B, Carballido JA, Chandrasekar T, Chromecki T, Ciancio G, Daneshmand S, Gontero P, Gonzalez J, Haferkamp A, Hohenfellner M, Huang WC, Espinós EL, Mandel P, Martinez-Salamanca JI, Master VA, McKiernan JM, Montorsi F, Novara G, Pahernik S, Palou J, Pruthi RS, Rodriguez-Faba O, Russo P, Scherr DS, Shariat SF, Spahn M, Terrone C, Vergho D, Wallen EM, Xylinas E, Zigeuner R, Libertino JA, Evans CP. Cardiopulmonary Bypass has No Significant Impact on Survival in Patients Undergoing Nephrectomy and Level III-IV Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy: Multi-Institutional Analysis. J Urol 2015; 194:304-308. [PMID: 25797392 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of cardiopulmonary bypass in level III-IV tumor thrombectomy on surgical and oncologic outcomes is unknown. We determine the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on overall and cancer specific survival, as well as surgical complication rates and immediate outcomes in patients undergoing nephrectomy and level III-IV tumor thrombectomy with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 362 patients with renal cell cancer and with level III or IV tumor thrombus from 1992 to 2012 at 22 U.S. and European centers. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare overall and cancer specific survival between patients with and without cardiopulmonary bypass. Perioperative mortality and complication rates were assessed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Median overall survival was 24.6 months in noncardiopulmonary bypass cases and 26.6 months in cardiopulmonary bypass cases. Overall survival and cancer specific survival did not differ significantly in both groups on univariate analysis or when adjusting for known risk factors. On multivariate analysis no significant differences were seen in hospital length of stay, Clavien 1-4 complication rate, intraoperative or 30-day mortality and cancer specific survival. Limitations include the retrospective nature of the study. CONCLUSIONS In our multi-institutional analysis the use of cardiopulmonary bypass did not significantly impact cancer specific survival or overall survival in patients undergoing nephrectomy and level III or IV tumor thrombectomy. Neither approach was independently associated with increased mortality on multivariate analysis. Greater surgical complications were not independently associated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao G Nguyen
- Department of Urology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Derya Tilki
- Department of Urology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Marc A Dall'Era
- Department of Urology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Joaquín A Carballido
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Chromecki
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gaetano Ciancio
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Siamak Daneshmand
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Department of Urology, A.O.U. San Giovanni Battista, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Javier Gonzalez
- Department of Urology, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - William C Huang
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Estefania Linares Espinós
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philipp Mandel
- Institute of of Empirical Economic Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juan I Martinez-Salamanca
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viraj A Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James M McKiernan
- Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology, Hospital San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Sascha Pahernik
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan Palou
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raj S Pruthi
- Department of Urology, UNC at Chappel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Paul Russo
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas S Scherr
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Carlo Terrone
- Division of Urology, Maggiore della Carita Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Eric M Wallen
- Department of Urology, UNC at Chappel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Evanguelos Xylinas
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA.,Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Richard Zigeuner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - John A Libertino
- Department of Urology, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lok HT, Chan ES, Hou SS, Yip SK, Ng CF. Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1744-1633.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Ting Lok
- Department of Surgery; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Eddie S.Y. Chan
- Department of Surgery; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Simon S.M. Hou
- Department of Surgery; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Sidney K.H. Yip
- Department of Surgery; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Department of Surgery; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Han Z, Yin C, Meng X, Lu Q, Ju X, Li J, Qin C, Shao P, Song R, Lu P, Liu B, Zhang J, Gu M. Modified liver mobilization for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with thrombosis involving the intrahepatic inferior vena cava. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:131. [PMID: 24774011 PMCID: PMC4046516 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of using a modified liver-mobilization technique to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC) combined with intrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis. Methods A total of 11 level III thrombus patients underwent radical nephrectomy with resection of the tumor thrombus from intrahepatic IVC. A father clamp was used in combination with hepatic portal blocking to control the IVC. Results The intraoperative mortality and postoperative complications were reduced in 11 cases of RCC with intrahepatic IVC thrombosis. The mean blood loss was 800 mL, and mean patient hospital stay was 13 days. Follow-up was conducted for one to four months, with only two cases of recurrence recorded. Conclusions The proposed modified liver-mobilization technique could safely and effectively treat RCC and reduce intrahepatic IVC thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Changjun Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Haddad AQ, Wood CG, Abel EJ, Krabbe LM, Darwish OM, Thompson RH, Heckman JE, Merril MM, Gayed BA, Sagalowsky AI, Boorjian SA, Margulis V, Leibovich BC. Oncologic outcomes following surgical resection of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena caval thrombus extending above the hepatic veins: a contemporary multicenter cohort. J Urol 2014; 192:1050-6. [PMID: 24704115 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suprahepatic inferior vena caval tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma cases has historically portended a poor prognosis. With advances in perioperative treatment of patients with high level thrombus contemporary outcomes are hypothesized to be improved. We evaluated long-term oncologic outcomes of contemporary surgical treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma in whom level III-IV inferior vena caval thrombus was managed at high volume centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined clinical and pathological data on patients with renal cell carcinoma and level III-IV thrombus treated with surgery from January 2000 to June 2013 at 4 tertiary referral centers. Survival outcomes and associated prognostic variables were assessed by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS We identified 166 patients, including 69 with level III and 97 with level IV thrombus. Median postoperative followup was 27.8 months. Patients with no evidence of nodal or distant metastasis (pN0/X, M0) had 5-year 49.0% cancer specific survival and 42.2% overall survival. There was no difference in survival based on tumor thrombus level or pathological tumor stage. Variables associated with an increased risk of death from kidney cancer on multivariate analysis were regional nodal metastases (HR 3.94, p <0.0001), systemic metastases (HR 2.39, p = 0.01), tumor grade 4 (HR 2.25, p = 0.02), histological tissue necrosis (HR 3.11, p = 0.004) and increased preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase (HR 2.30, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Contemporary surgical management achieves almost 50% 5-year survival in patients without metastasis who have renal cell carcinoma thrombus above the hepatic veins. Factors associated with increased mortality included nodal/distant metastases, advanced grade, histological necrosis and increased preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase. These findings support an aggressive surgical approach to the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma who have advanced tumor thrombus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Q Haddad
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - E Jason Abel
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura-Maria Krabbe
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Urology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Muenster, Germany
| | - Oussama M Darwish
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - R Houston Thompson
- Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer E Heckman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Megan M Merril
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bishoy A Gayed
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Arthur I Sagalowsky
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stephen A Boorjian
- Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Bradley C Leibovich
- Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang M, Ping H, Niu Y, Zhang J, Xing N. Pure Conventional Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy with Level II Vena Cava Tumor Thrombectomy. Int Braz J Urol 2014; 40:266-73. [PMID: 24856495 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.02.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Ping
- Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abel EJ, Thompson RH, Margulis V, Heckman JE, Merril MM, Darwish OM, Krabbe LM, Boorjian SA, Leibovich BC, Wood CG. Perioperative outcomes following surgical resection of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus extending above the hepatic veins: a contemporary multicenter experience. Eur Urol 2013; 66:584-92. [PMID: 24262104 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus above the hepatic veins is technically complex and associated with an increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. However, minimal data exist that describe contemporary perioperative outcomes at major referral centers or the prognostic factors associated with poor outcomes. OBJECTIVE To determine the preoperative predictors of major complications and 90-d mortality after surgery in RCC patients who have IVC thrombus above the hepatic veins. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We reviewed medical records of all RCC patients who had IVC tumor thrombus above hepatic veins and had had surgery between January 2000 and December 2012 at the Mayo Clinic, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and the University of Wisconsin Hospital. OUTCOME MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Major complications recorded were defined as ≥ 3A according to the Clavien-Dindo system within 90 d of surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate associations of preoperative variables with risk of major complications or 90-d mortality. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 162 patients were identified for study (level 3, 4 in 69, 93 patients, respectively, according to the Neves classification). Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 60 of 162 patients (37.5%), and 40 patients (24.7%) had preoperative angioembolization. Major complications were reported in 55 patients (34.0%), with the most common being respiratory, cardiac, and hematologic issues. After multivariate analysis, preoperative systemic symptoms and level 4 thrombus were independently associated with increased risk of major complications. Mortality was reported in 17 patients (10.5%) within 90 d after surgery. After multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) and low serum albumin were preoperative factors independently associated with increased risk of 90-d mortality. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary perioperative mortality and major complication rates for RCC patients who have upper-level thrombus are 10% and 34%, respectively. Patients who have ECOG PS >1 or low serum albumin have increased risk for perioperative mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Jason Abel
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - R Houston Thompson
- Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Heckman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan M Merril
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oussama M Darwish
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laura-Maria Krabbe
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen A Boorjian
- Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bradley C Leibovich
- Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sharda R, Deutscher R, Christodoulou C, Horne D, Freed DH, McGregor T. Unanticipated intra-operative finding of pulmonary artery tumour thromboembolism during radical nephrectomy and caval thrombectomy: Case report and management. Can Urol Assoc J 2013; 7:E381-5. [PMID: 23766846 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of an unanticipated intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) finding of pulmonary artery thromboembolism in a 72-year-old woman being prepared for radical nephrectomy and caval thrombectomy. Upon intra-operative TEE to evaluate the extent of caval thrombus, we found a pulmonary artery tumour thromboembolism in an otherwise asymptomatic patient after induction and prior to surgery. A chest computed tomography confirmed a large saddle tumour thromboembolus. A multidisciplinary approach was used to facilitate radical nephrectomy with caval thrombectomy and pulmonary artery thromboembolectomy. This case shows the importance of adequate perioperative imaging and use of intra-operative TEE to evaluate the extent of disease. To our knowledge, we are the first to present a case of RCC with cava tumour thrombus in which the pulmonary artery tumour thromboembolism was detected incidentally on intraoperative TEE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Sharda
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, St. Boniface General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Casey RG, Raheem OA, Elmusharaf E, Madhavan P, Tolan M, Lynch TH. Renal cell carcinoma with IVC and atrial thrombus: a single centre's 10 year surgical experience. Surgeon 2013; 11:295-9. [PMID: 23510704 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) propagates into the IVC in 4% of cases with 1% extending into the right atrium. Radical surgical resection remains the definitive curative/palliative treatment in those without significant metastases. The aim was to review our experience in patients with different levels of IVC involvement, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and perioperative/long term outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2001 to 2012, 24 radical nephrectomies with IVC thrombectomy were performed. A retrospective chart review was undertaken to record demographics, presenting symptoms, duration of surgery, peri-operative transfusion, CPB and peri-operative complications, tumour grade/stage, and patient survival. RESULTS We identified 24 patients (18 male, Age median 59 range 35-78). The commonest presenting symptoms were weight loss, pain and haematuria. The majority of tumours were right sided (n = 17) with 8 having lung metastases at presentation. Thrombus level was 16 (infradiaphragmatic), 2 (supradiaphragmatic), 6 (intra-atrial). 15 patients required sternotomy for vascular control and 9 required CPB both with a significantly longer operative time compared (6.1 ± 3.5 vs. 7.2 ± 1.2 vs. 3.5 ± 1.1 h, respectively). Peri-operative complications (n = 21) included cardiopulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal and septic problems. There were 2 peri-operative deaths. Blood transfusion was significantly less in those not requiring sternotomy or CPB using the "Cell Saver" device. The majority were Fuhrman grade 3 (n = 16) and clear cell type (n = 14). Overall 3-year survival was 100% (Laparotomy only), 40% (sternotomy + cross-clamp), and 20% (CPB). CONCLUSIONS IVC thrombectomy has significant morbidity and requires careful patient selection and a multi-disciplinary approach to optimise patient outcomes. In this series, the level of IVC thrombus and requirement for CPB directly affects patient morbidity and outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G Casey
- Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cheung MH, Ho KL, Chan SC, Ho KL, Tam PC, Yiu MK, Au TW. Renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena caval tumour thrombus: Surgical management and clinical outcomes at a low-volume centre. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-1633.2012.00625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Hung Cheung
- Departments of Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Kwan-Lun Ho
- Departments of Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - See-Ching Chan
- Departments of Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Lai Ho
- Departments of Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Po-Chor Tam
- Departments of Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Ming-Kwong Yiu
- Departments of Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Timmy W.K. Au
- Departments of Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Sidana A, Goyal J, Aggarwal P, Verma P, Rodriguez R. Determinants of outcomes after resection of renal cell carcinoma with venous involvement. Int Urol Nephrol 2012; 44:1671-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
50
|
Kim KH, You D, Jeong IG, Kwon TW, Cho YM, Hong JH, Ahn H, Kim CS. Type II papillary histology predicts poor outcome in patients with renal cell carcinoma and vena cava thrombus. BJU Int 2012; 110:E673-8. [PMID: 22973869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? In patients with pRCC, the presence of venous tumour thrombus is known to be a predictor of poorer outcomes. However, a paucity of data is available regarding the prognostic significance of histology in patients with RCC and IVC thrombus. In our series, we found that patients with type II pRCC had significantly poorer outcomes when compared to those with cRCC. Although the lack of effective treatment for patients with metastatic pRCC may have contributed to these adverse outcomes, type II papillary histology was independent predictor not only of CSS but also of RFS. OBJECTIVE • To analyze the prognostic impact of papillary histology on oncological outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus. PATIENTS AND METHODS • We reviewed the medical records of 74 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy between 1990 and 2010 for clear cell or papillary RCC. • We compared the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of 62 patients with clear cell RCC (cRCC) and 12 with papillary RCC (pRCC). • All cases of pRCC were subdivided into type I or type II. • The prognostic role of papillary histology on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated using Cox's regression models. RESULTS • Upon reclassification of the pRCC subtype, all 12 patients with pRCC had type II tumours. • Patients with type II pRCC were significantly younger (P=0.028) and were more probably women (P=0.025) than those with cRCC • The 2- and 5-year CSS rates were 81.1% and 53.6% in cRCC patients, and 28.1% and 0% in type II pRCC patients, respectively. All eight patients with non-metastatic type II pRCC developed disease recurrence at a median interval of 6 months after surgery, whereas 25 of 44 (56.8%) patients with non-metastatic cRCC experienced such recurrence at a median interval of 10 months after surgery. • Patients with type II pRCC showed significantly lower CSS (P<0.001) and RFS (P=0.002) than those with cRCC. • On multivariate analysis, type II papillary histology was an independent predictor of CSS (hazard ratio, 3.73; P=0.003) and RFS (hazard ratio, 3.15; P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS • Type II papillary histology appears to be predominant in cases of pRCC with IVC thrombus. • Patients with type II pRCC who presented with IVC thrombus had significantly worse outcomes than those with cRCC, and histology is an important prognostic factor in patients with RCC and IVC thrombus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyun Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|