1
|
Karimzadeh L, Behrouz V, Sohrab G, Razavion T, Haji-Maghsoudi S. The association between dietary nitrate, nitrite and total antioxidant capacity with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study among patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:695-706. [PMID: 39192837 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2395817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common, chronic, and complex disorder that leads to several disabilities and serious complications. Certain nutrients can be effective in the management of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary nitrate, nitrite, dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), and nitric oxide (NO) index on some cardiometabolic parameters in patients with diabetes. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 participants with type 2 diabetes. A validated, semi-quantitative, food frequency questionnaire was collected to evaluate dietary intakes. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters, including glycemic indices, lipid profile, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum NO were measured using standard methods. Higher intakes of nitrate and nitrite in our study were primarily attributed to drinking water, vegetables, grains (for nitrate), dairy products, and legumes (for nitrite) rather than higher meat intakes. After adjustment for total energy, MET, BMI, and age, higher intake of nitrate was related to lower HbA1C (p = 0.001) and hs-CRP (p = 0.0.23), and greater HDL-C (p < 0.001) and serum NO (p = 0.008). Moreover, a greater nitrite intake was associated with lower DBP (p = 0.017), HbA1C (p = 0.040), FPG (p = 0.011), and higher serum NO values (p = 0.001). Higher amounts of DTAC and NO index were also related to greater DBP (p < 0.001, and p = 0.004, respectively) and lower hs-CRP (p = 0.004, and p = 0.009, respectively). High intakes of dietary nitrate and nitrite, in the context of high DTAC, are significantly associated with the improvement of some cardiometabolic parameters in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Razavion
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Haji-Maghsoudi
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajendra A, Bondonno NP, Rainey-Smith SR, Gardener SL, Hodgson JM, Bondonno CP. Potential role of dietary nitrate in relation to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health, cognition, cognitive decline and dementia: a review. Food Funct 2022; 13:12572-12589. [PMID: 36377891 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02427f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no effective treatment for dementia, of which Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form. It is, therefore, imperative to focus on evidence-based preventive strategies to combat this extremely debilitating chronic disease. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signalling molecule in the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and central nervous systems. Vegetables rich in nitrate, such as spinach and beetroot, are an important source of NO, with beneficial effects on validated markers of cardiovascular health and an association with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Given the link between cardiovascular disease risk factors and dementia, together with the important role of NO in vascular health and cognition, it is important to determine whether dietary nitrate could also improve cognitive function, markers of brain health, and lower risk of dementia. This review presents an overview of NO's role in the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and central nervous systems; an overview of the available evidence that nitrate, through effects on NO, improves cardiovascular health; and evaluates the current evidence regarding dietary nitrate's potential role in cerebrovascular health, cognitive function, and brain health assessed via biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Rajendra
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. .,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha L Gardener
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. .,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. .,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Milešević J, Vranić D, Gurinović M, Korićanac V, Borović B, Zeković M, Šarac I, Milićević DR, Glibetić M. The Intake of Phosphorus and Nitrites through Meat Products: A Health Risk Assessment of Children Aged 1 to 9 Years Old in Serbia. Nutrients 2022; 14:242. [PMID: 35057423 PMCID: PMC8781619 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides the data on dietary exposure of Serbian children to nitrites and phosphorus from meat products by combining individual consumption data with available analytical data of meat products. A total of 2603 and 1900 commercially available meat products were categorized into seven groups and analysed for nitrite and phosphorous content. The highest mean levels of nitrite content, expressed as NaNO2, were found in finely minced cooked sausages (40.25 ± 20.37 mg/kg), followed by canned meat (34.95 ± 22.12 mg/kg) and coarsely minced cooked sausages (32.85 ± 23.25 mg/kg). The EDI (estimated daily intake) of nitrites from meat products, calculated from a National Food Consumption Survey in 576 children aged 1-9 years, indicated that the Serbian children population exceeded the nitrite ADI (acceptable daily intake) proposed by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) in 6.4% of children, with a higher proportion in 1-3-year-old participants. The mean phosphorus concentration varied from 2.71 ± 1.05 g/kg to 6.12 ± 1.33 g/kg in liver sausage and pate and smoked meat products, respectively. The EDI of phosphorus from meat products was far below the ADI proposed by EFSA, indicating that the use of phosphorus additives in Serbian meat products is generally in line with legislation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska, 111000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (I.Š.); (M.G.)
| | - Danijela Vranić
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.); (V.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Mirjana Gurinović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska, 111000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (I.Š.); (M.G.)
| | - Vladimir Korićanac
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.); (V.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Branka Borović
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.); (V.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska, 111000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (I.Š.); (M.G.)
| | - Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska, 111000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (I.Š.); (M.G.)
| | - Dragan R. Milićević
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.); (V.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Maria Glibetić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska, 111000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (I.Š.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Probabilistic risk assessment of nitrates for Austrian adults and estimation of the magnitude of their conversion into nitrites. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
5
|
Vlachou C, Hofstädter D, Rauscher - Gabernig E, Griesbacher A, Fuchs K, König J. Risk assessment of nitrites for the Austrian adult population with probabilistic modelling of the dietary exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
6
|
Hughan KS, Wendell SG, Delmastro-Greenwood M, Helbling N, Corey C, Bellavia L, Potti G, Grimes G, Goodpaster B, Kim-Shapiro DB, Shiva S, Freeman BA, Gladwin MT. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulates Clinical Responses to Oral Nitrite and Nitrate. Hypertension 2019; 70:634-644. [PMID: 28739973 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary NO3- (nitrate) and NO2- (nitrite) support ˙NO (nitric oxide) generation and downstream vascular signaling responses. These nitrogen oxides also generate secondary nitrosating and nitrating species that react with low molecular weight thiols, heme centers, proteins, and unsaturated fatty acids. To explore the kinetics of NO3-and NO2-metabolism and the impact of dietary lipid on nitrogen oxide metabolism and cardiovascular responses, the stable isotopes Na15NO3 and Na15NO2 were orally administered in the presence or absence of conjugated linoleic acid (cLA). The reduction of 15NO2- to 15NO was indicated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy detection of hyperfine splitting patterns reflecting 15NO-deoxyhemoglobin complexes. This formation of 15NO also translated to decreased systolic and mean arterial blood pressures and inhibition of platelet function. Upon concurrent administration of cLA, there was a significant increase in plasma cLA nitration products 9- and 12-15NO2-cLA. Coadministration of cLA with 15NO2- also impacted the pharmacokinetics and physiological effects of 15NO2-, with cLA administration suppressing plasma NO3-and NO2-levels, decreasing 15NO-deoxyhemoglobin formation, NO2-inhibition of platelet activation, and the vasodilatory actions of NO2-, while enhancing the formation of 9- and 12-15NO2-cLA. These results indicate that the biochemical reactions and physiological responses to oral 15NO3-and 15NO2-are significantly impacted by dietary constituents, such as unsaturated lipids. This can explain the variable responses to NO3-and NO2-supplementation in clinical trials and reveals dietary strategies for promoting the generation of pleiotropic nitrogen oxide-derived lipid signaling mediators. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01681836.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara S Hughan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Stacy Gelhaus Wendell
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Meghan Delmastro-Greenwood
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Nicole Helbling
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Catherine Corey
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Landon Bellavia
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Gopal Potti
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - George Grimes
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Bret Goodpaster
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Sruti Shiva
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Ando A, Takeuchi A, Ueda H. Changes in Oxalate, Nitrate, and Lutein Contents in Whole and Cut Spinach Boiled with Different Additives. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Akira Ando
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Atsuko Takeuchi
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Wang Z, Ando A, Takeuchi A, Ueda H. Effects of Cooking Conditions on the Relationships Among Oxalate, Nitrate, and Lutein in Spinach. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Akira Ando
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Atsuko Takeuchi
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Division of Vegetable Pest Management and Functional Analysis, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee HS. Exposure estimates of nitrite and nitrate from consumption of cured meat products by the U.S. population. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:29-39. [PMID: 29095117 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1400696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The dietary exposures of nitrite and nitrate from consumption of cured meat products were estimated for the U.S. population aged 2 years and older, and children aged 2 to 5 years, using both 2-day food consumption data from the publicly available combined 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and 10-14-day food consumption data from the 2009 and 2012 NPD Group, Inc. National Eating Trends-Nutrient Intake database (NPD NET-NID), and residual nitrite and nitrate levels in cured meat products available from the recent American Meat Institute Foundation/National Pork Board (AMIF/NPB) national market survey of the nitrite and nitrate levels in cured meat products in the U.S.A. The dietary exposure for consumers of cured meat products (eaters-only) was estimated at the mean and 90th percentile for three exposure scenarios: low exposure, average exposure, and high exposure, to account for the range in the amount of nitrite and nitrate in a given cured meat product category. In addition, a cumulative exposure that takes into account all cured meat product categories containing nitrite and nitrate was determined, and the relative percent contribution of each cured meat product category to the cumulative exposure was estimated. Cured, cooked sausages and whole-muscle brine-cured products were the two major contributing categories to dietary exposure of nitrite and nitrate for both U.S. population aged 2 years and older and children aged 2-5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung S Lee
- a Office of Food Additive Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) , College Park , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
A Review of Adverse Effects and Benefits of Nitrate and Nitrite in Drinking Water and Food on Human Health. HEALTH SCOPE 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
13
|
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an imperative regulator of the cardiovascular system and is a critical mechanism in preventing the pathogenesis and progression of the diseased heart. The scenario of bioavailable NO in the myocardium is complex: 1) NO is derived from both endogenous NO synthases (endothelial, neuronal, and/or inducible NOSs [eNOS, nNOS, and/or iNOS]) and exogenous sources (entero-salivary NO pathway) and the amount of NO from exogenous sources varies significantly; 2) NOSs are located at discrete compartments of cardiac myocytes and are regulated by distinctive mechanisms under stress; 3) NO regulates diverse target proteins through different modes of post-transcriptional modification (soluble guanylate cyclase [sGC]/cyclic guanosine monophosphate [cGMP]/protein kinase G [PKG]-dependent phosphorylation,
S-nitrosylation, and transnitrosylation); 4) the downstream effectors of NO are multidimensional and vary from ion channels in the plasma membrane to signalling proteins and enzymes in the mitochondria, cytosol, nucleus, and myofilament; 5) NOS produces several radicals in addition to NO (e.g. superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and different NO-related derivatives) and triggers redox-dependent responses. However, nNOS inhibits cardiac oxidases to reduce the sources of oxidative stress in diseased hearts. Recent consensus indicates the importance of nNOS protein in cardiac protection under pathological stress. In addition, a dietary regime with high nitrate intake from fruit and vegetables together with unsaturated fatty acids is strongly associated with reduced cardiovascular events. Collectively, NO-dependent mechanisms in healthy and diseased hearts are better understood and shed light on the therapeutic prospects for NO and NOSs in clinical applications for fatal human heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Dae Hak Ro, Chong No Gu, 110-799 Seoul, Korea, South.,Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133000, China.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Blekkenhorst LC, Prince RL, Ward NC, Croft KD, Lewis JR, Devine A, Shinde S, Woodman RJ, Hodgson JM, Bondonno CP. Development of a reference database for assessing dietary nitrate in vegetables. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Blekkenhorst
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Royal Perth Hospital Unit Perth WA Australia
| | - Richard L. Prince
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; QEII Medical Centre Unit Perth WA Australia
| | - Natalie C. Ward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Royal Perth Hospital Unit Perth WA Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth WA Australia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Royal Perth Hospital Unit Perth WA Australia
| | - Joshua R. Lewis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; QEII Medical Centre Unit Perth WA Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research; Children's Hospital at Westmead; Westmead NSW Australia
- School of Public Health; Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Amanda Devine
- School of Medical and Health Sciences; Edith Cowan University; Joondalup WA Australia
| | - Sujata Shinde
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Royal Perth Hospital Unit Perth WA Australia
| | - Richard J. Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Hodgson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Royal Perth Hospital Unit Perth WA Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences; Edith Cowan University; Joondalup WA Australia
| | - Catherine P. Bondonno
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Royal Perth Hospital Unit Perth WA Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences; Edith Cowan University; Joondalup WA Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bondonno CP, Croft KD, Hodgson JM. Dietary Nitrate, Nitric Oxide, and Cardiovascular Health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2036-52. [PMID: 25976309 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.811212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence strongly suggests that dietary nitrate, derived in the diet primarily from vegetables, could contribute to cardiovascular health via effects on nitric oxide (NO) status. NO plays an essential role in cardiovascular health. It is produced via the classical L-arginine-NO-synthase pathway and the recently discovered enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The discovery of this alternate pathway has highlighted dietary nitrate as a candidate for the cardioprotective effect of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Clinical trials with dietary nitrate have observed improvements in blood pressure, endothelial function, ischemia-reperfusion injury, arterial stiffness, platelet function, and exercise performance with a concomitant augmentation of markers of NO status. While these results are indicative of cardiovascular benefits with dietary nitrate intake, there is still a lingering concern about nitrate in relation to methemoglobinemia, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. It is the purpose of this review to present an overview of NO and its critical role in cardiovascular health; to detail the observed vascular benefits of dietary nitrate intake through effects on NO status as well as to discuss the controversy surrounding the possible toxic effects of nitrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P Bondonno
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marquinez JIA, Lopez MA. Food Allergy and Food Poisoning. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Taken into account data from which is considered a product not safe, estimate the safe level of a contaminant on food, for example, always have many unavoidable uncertainties. It cannot be overemphasized enough, that this also happens as in any other human activity. In most cases, we hope, to define as clearly as possible the eventual risk associated with particular conditions of exposure to a given substance in food. There are numerous toxic compounds that reside naturally in certain foods that unable these to be consumed above certain limits or even are fully prohibited in some other countries. Chapter starts with a clear explanation of differences and relationships between food allergy and food poisoning, continued with main allergens in food and main toxics. Finally, authors summarize different origins of toxins and allergens (natural from foods, from additives, pollutants and food processing).
Collapse
|
17
|
Marquinez JIA, Lopez MA. Food Allergy and Food Poisoning. EXAMINING THE DEVELOPMENT, REGULATION, AND CONSUMPTION OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0607-2.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Taken into account data from which is considered a product not safe, estimate the safe level of a contaminant on food, for example, always have many unavoidable uncertainties. It cannot be overemphasized enough, that this also happens as in any other human activity. In most cases, we hope, to define as clearly as possible the eventual risk associated with particular conditions of exposure to a given substance in food. There are numerous toxic compounds that reside naturally in certain foods that unable these to be consumed above certain limits or even are fully prohibited in some other countries. Chapter starts with a clear explanation of differences and relationships between food allergy and food poisoning, continued with main allergens in food and main toxics. Finally, authors summarize different origins of toxins and allergens (natural from foods, from additives, pollutants and food processing).
Collapse
|
18
|
The role of monoxide hemoglobin in color improvement of chicken sausage. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:409-414. [PMID: 30263284 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of monoxide hemoglobin (COHb) in improvement of chicken sausage color was investigated. COHb and NaNO2 synergistically increased a* values. Addition of 0.1% COHb decreased the residual nitrite content in the presence of 0.001% NaNO2. Compared with controls, the combined treatment resulted in significantly higher nitroso pigment contents while the single treatment resulted in slightly higher nitroso pigment contents. Visible spectrometry indicated that both nitrosohemochrome (NH) and hematin were the main ingredients of pigments extracted from chicken sausage treated with a combination of 0.006% NaNO2 and 0.6% COHb. Formation of NH and hematin caused an increase in a* values and a decrease in L* values, respectively. COHb showed potential for use in meat product formulations.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yusof NL, Rasmusson AG, Gómez Galindo F. Reduction of the Nitrate Content in Baby Spinach Leaves by Vacuum Impregnation with Sucrose. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-016-1725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
20
|
Vuong AM, Shinde MU, Brender JD, Shipp EM, Huber JC, Sharkey JR, McDonald TJ, Werler MM, Kelley KE, Griesenbeck JS, Langlois PH, Canfield MA. Prenatal Exposure to Nitrosatable Drugs, Dietary Intake of Nitrites, and Preterm Birth. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:634-42. [PMID: 26953287 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs, including secondary or tertiary amines, has been associated with preterm birth. Associations may be accentuated by higher intakes of dietary nitrites because of the increased formation of N-nitroso compounds. Using data from mothers of babies without major birth defects (controls) from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we examined the relationship between nitrosatable drug exposure in conjunction with dietary nitrite intake and preterm birth among 496 mothers of preterm infants and 5,398 mothers with full-term deliveries in 1997-2005. A protective association was observed with a high intake of plant nitrites (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53, 0.97). Secondary amines in conjunction with high nitrite intake were associated with preterm birth during the first (AHR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.98), second (AHR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.07), and third (AHR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.22, 3.29) trimesters. The adjusted hazard ratios for tertiary amine use in the third trimester by increasing tertiles of nitrite intake were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.35, 1.31), 1.25 (95% CI: 0.71, 2.19), and 2.02 (95% CI: 1.17, 3.49). Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs, particularly secondary and tertiary amines, in conjunction with higher levels of dietary nitrite intake may increase the risk of preterm birth.
Collapse
|
21
|
Variation of nitrate content among randomly selected taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) genotypes and the distribution of nitrate within a corm. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
22
|
Changes in plasma and urinary nitrite after birth in premature infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:432-7. [PMID: 26539663 PMCID: PMC5219926 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma nitrite serves as a reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity. Because nitrite ingestion is markedly lower in newborns than adults, we hypothesized plasma nitrite levels would be lower in newborns than in adults, and that infants diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a disease characterized by ischemia and bacterial invasion of intestinal walls, would have lower levels of circulating nitrite in the days prior to diagnosis. METHODS Single blood and urine samples were collected from 9 term infants and 12 adults, 72 preterm infants every 5 d for 3 wk, and from 13 lambs before and after cord occlusion. RESULTS Nitrite fell 50% relative to cord levels in the first day after birth; and within 15 min after cord occlusion in lambs. Urinary nitrite was higher in infants than adults. Plasma and urinary nitrite levels in infants who developed NEC were similar to those of preterm control infants on days 1 and 5, but significantly elevated at 15 and 20 d after birth. CONCLUSION Plasma nitrite falls dramatically at birth while newborn urinary nitrite levels are significantly greater than adults. Acute NEC is associated with elevated plasma and urinary nitrite levels.
Collapse
|
23
|
Quantitative and Comparative Contents of Nitrate and Nitrite in Beta vulgaris L. by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
24
|
Bryan NS, Ivy JL. Inorganic nitrite and nitrate: evidence to support consideration as dietary nutrients. Nutr Res 2015; 35:643-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
25
|
Srivichien S, Terdwongworakul A, Teerachaichayut S. Quantitative prediction of nitrate level in intact pineapple using Vis–NIRS. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Bondonno CP, Croft KD, Ward N, Considine MJ, Hodgson JM. Dietary flavonoids and nitrate: effects on nitric oxide and vascular function. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:216-35. [PMID: 26024545 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights dietary flavonoids and nitrate as candidates that may explain at least part of the cardioprotective effect of a fruit and vegetable diet. Nitric oxide plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular health. Components of a fruit and vegetable diet that are cardioprotective, in part through effects on nitric oxide status, could substantially reduce the cardiovascular risk profile of the general population with increased intake of such a diet. Epidemiological evidence suggests that dietary flavonoids and nitrate have a cardioprotective effect. Clinical trials with flavonoid- and nitrate-rich foods have shown benefits on measures of vascular health. While the molecular mechanisms by which flavonoids and nitrate are cardioprotective are not completely understood, recent evidence suggests both nonspecific and specific effects through nitric oxide pathways. This review presents an overview of nitric oxide and its key role in cardiovascular health and discusses the possible vascular benefits of flavonoids and nitrate, individually and in combination, through effects on nitric oxide status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P Bondonno
- C.P. Bondonno, K.D. Croft, N.C. Ward, and J.M. Hodgson are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia, Australia. M.J. Considine is with the School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia and the Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Kevin D Croft
- C.P. Bondonno, K.D. Croft, N.C. Ward, and J.M. Hodgson are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia, Australia. M.J. Considine is with the School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia and the Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie Ward
- C.P. Bondonno, K.D. Croft, N.C. Ward, and J.M. Hodgson are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia, Australia. M.J. Considine is with the School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia and the Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael J Considine
- C.P. Bondonno, K.D. Croft, N.C. Ward, and J.M. Hodgson are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia, Australia. M.J. Considine is with the School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia and the Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- C.P. Bondonno, K.D. Croft, N.C. Ward, and J.M. Hodgson are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia, Australia. M.J. Considine is with the School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia and the Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jones JA, Hopper AO, Power GG, Blood AB. Dietary intake and bio-activation of nitrite and nitrate in newborn infants. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:173-81. [PMID: 25314582 PMCID: PMC4497514 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite are commonly thought of as inert end products of nitric oxide (NO) oxidation, possibly carcinogenic food additives, or well-water contaminants. However, recent studies have shown that nitrate and nitrite play an important role in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal homeostasis through conversion back into NO via a physiological system involving enterosalivary recirculation, bacterial nitrate reductases, and enzyme-catalyzed or acidic reduction of nitrite to NO. The diet is a key source of nitrate in adults; however, infants ingest significantly less nitrate due to low concentrations in breast milk. In the mouth, bacteria convert nitrate to nitrite, which has gastro-protective effects. However, these nitrate-reducing bacteria are relatively inactive in infants. Swallowed nitrite is reduced to NO by acid in the stomach, affecting gastric blood flow, mucus production, and the gastric microbiota. These effects are likely attenuated in the less acidic neonatal stomach. Systemically, nitrite acts as a reservoir of NO bioactivity that can protect against ischemic injury, yet plasma nitrite concentrations are markedly lower in infants than in adults. The physiological importance of the diminished nitrate→nitrite→NO axis in infants and its implications in the etiology and treatment of newborn diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoxic/ischemic injury are yet to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesica A. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Andrew O. Hopper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Gordon G. Power
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Arlin B. Blood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California,Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Capurso C, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Vendemiale G, Capurso A. Vascular effects of the Mediterranean diet Part I: Anti-hypertensive and anti-thrombotic effects. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:118-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
29
|
Adsorptive removal of nitrate from aqueous solution by polyacrylonitrile–alumina nanoparticle mixed matrix hollow-fiber membrane. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Loganathan P, Vigneswaran S, Kandasamy J. Enhanced removal of nitrate from water using surface modification of adsorbents--a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 131:363-374. [PMID: 24211565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentration of nitrate results in eutrophication of natural water bodies affecting the aquatic environment and reduces the quality of drinking water. This in turn causes harm to people's health, especially that of infants and livestock. Adsorbents with the high capacity to selectively adsorb nitrate are required to effectively remove nitrate from water. Surface modifications of adsorbents have been reported to enhance their adsorption of nitrate. The major techniques of surface modification are: protonation, impregnation of metals and metal oxides, grafting of amine groups, organic compounds including surfactant coating of aluminosilicate minerals, and heat treatment. This paper reviews current information on these techniques, compares the enhanced nitrate adsorption capacities achieved by the modifications, and the mechanisms of adsorption, and presents advantages and drawbacks of the techniques. Most studies on this subject have been conducted in batch experiments. These studies need to include continuous mode column trials which have more relevance to real operating systems and pilot-plant trials. Reusability of adsorbents is important for economic reasons and practical treatment applications. However, only limited information is available on the regeneration of surface modified adsorbents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ekart K, Hmelak Gorenjal A, Madorran E, Lapajne S, Langerholc T. Study on the influence of food processing on nitrate levels in vegetables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2013.en-514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
33
|
The effect of variable doses of inorganic nitrate-rich beetroot juice on simulated 2,000-m rowing performance in trained athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2013; 9:615-20. [PMID: 24085341 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Beetroot juice is a naturally rich source of inorganic nitrate (NO(3-)), a compound hypothesized to enhance endurance performance by improving exercise efficiency. PURPOSE To investigate the effect of different doses of beetroot juice on 2000-m ergometer-rowing performance in highly trained athletes. METHODS Ten highly trained male rowers volunteered to participate in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover study. Two hours before undertaking a 2000-m rowing-ergometer test, subjects consumed beetroot juice containing 0 mmol (placebo), 4.2 mmol (SINGLE), or 8.4 mmol (DOUBLE) NO(3-). Blood samples were taken before supplement ingestion and immediately before the rowing test for analysis of plasma [NO(3-)] and [nitrite (NO(2-))]. RESULTS The SINGLE dose demonstrated a trivial effect on time to complete 2000 m compared with placebo (mean difference: 0.2 ± 2.5 s). A possibly beneficial effect was found with DOUBLE compared with SINGLE (mean difference -1.8 ± 2.1 s) and with placebo (-1.6 ± 1.6 s). Plasma [NO(2-)] and [NO(3-)] demonstrated a dose-response effect, with greater amounts of ingested nitrate leading to substantially higher concentrations (DOUBLE > SINGLE > placebo). There was a moderate but insignificant correlation (r = -.593, P = .055) between change in plasma [NO(2-)] and performance time. CONCLUSION Compared with nitratedepleted beetroot juice, a high (8.4 mmol NO(3-)) but not moderate (4.2 mmol NO(3-)) dose of NO(3-) in beetroot juice, consumed 2 h before exercise, may improve 2000-m rowing performance in highly trained athletes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Hobbs DA, Goulding MG, Nguyen A, Malaver T, Walker CF, George TW, Methven L, Lovegrove JA. Acute ingestion of beetroot bread increases endothelium-independent vasodilation and lowers diastolic blood pressure in healthy men: a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr 2013; 143:1399-405. [PMID: 23884387 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.175778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary nitrate, from beetroot, has been reported to lower blood pressure (BP) by the sequential reduction of nitrate to nitrite and further to NO in the circulation. However, the impact of beetroot on microvascular vasodilation and arterial stiffness is unknown. In addition, beetroot is consumed by only 4.5% of the UK population, whereas bread is a staple component of the diet. Thus, we investigated the acute effects of beetroot bread (BB) on microvascular vasodilation, arterial stiffness, and BP in healthy participants. Twenty-three healthy men received 200 g bread containing 100 g beetroot (1.1 mmol nitrate) or 200 g control white bread (CB; 0 g beetroot, 0.01 mmol nitrate) in an acute, randomized, open-label, controlled crossover trial. The primary outcome was postprandial microvascular vasodilation measured by laser Doppler iontophoresis and the secondary outcomes were arterial stiffness measured by Pulse Wave Analysis and Velocity and ambulatory BP measured at regular intervals for a total period of 6 h. Plasma nitrate and nitrite were measured at regular intervals for a total period of 7 h. The incremental area under the curve (0-6 h after ingestion of bread) for endothelium-independent vasodilation was greater (P = 0.017) and lower for diastolic BP (DBP; P = 0.032) but not systolic (P = 0.99) BP after BB compared with CB. These effects occurred in conjunction with increases in plasma and urinary nitrate (P < 0.0001) and nitrite (P < 0.001). BB acutely increased endothelium-independent vasodilation and decreased DBP. Therefore, enriching bread with beetroot may be a suitable vehicle to increase intakes of cardioprotective beetroot in the diet and may provide new therapeutic perspectives in the management of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ditte A Hobbs
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jones JA, Ninnis JR, Hopper AO, Ibrahim Y, Merritt TA, Wan KW, Power GG, Blood AB. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations and metabolism in breast milk, infant formula, and parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 38:856-66. [PMID: 23894175 DOI: 10.1177/0148607113496118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary nitrate and nitrite are sources of gastric NO, which modulates blood flow, mucus production, and microbial flora. However, the intake and importance of these anions in infants is largely unknown. Nitrate and nitrite levels were measured in breast milk of mothers of preterm and term infants, infant formulas, and parenteral nutrition. Nitrite metabolism in breast milk was measured after freeze-thawing, at different temperatures, varying oxygen tensions, and after inhibition of potential nitrite-metabolizing enzymes. Nitrite concentrations averaged 0.07 ± 0.01 μM in milk of mothers of preterm infants, less than that of term infants (0.13 ± 0.02 μM) (P < .01). Nitrate concentrations averaged 13.6 ± 3.7 μM and 12.7 ± 4.9 μM, respectively. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations in infant formulas varied from undetectable to many-fold more than breast milk. Concentrations in parenteral nutrition were equivalent to or lower than those of breast milk. Freeze-thawing decreased nitrite concentration ~64%, falling with a half-life of 32 minutes at 37°C. The disappearance of nitrite was oxygen-dependent and prevented by ferricyanide and 3 inhibitors of lactoperoxidase. Nitrite concentrations in breast milk decrease with storage and freeze-thawing, a decline likely mediated by lactoperoxidase. Compared to adults, infants ingest relatively little nitrite and nitrate, which may be of importance in the modulation of blood flow and the bacterial flora of the infant GI tract, especially given the protective effects of swallowed nitrite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet R Ninnis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology Posthumous
| | | | | | - T Allen Merritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kim-Wah Wan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | | | - Arlin B Blood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology Center for Perinatal Biology
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hmelak Gorenjak A, Cencič A. Nitrate in vegetables and their impact on human health. A review. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.42.2013.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
37
|
Licata P, Naccari F, Di Bella G, Lo Turco V, Martorana V, mo Dugo G. Inorganic anions in goat and ovine milk from Calabria (Italy) by suppressed ion chromatography. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:458-65. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.747222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
38
|
Castiglione N, Rinaldo S, Giardina G, Stelitano V, Cutruzzolà F. Nitrite and nitrite reductases: from molecular mechanisms to significance in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:684-716. [PMID: 22304560 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite, previously considered physiologically irrelevant and a simple end product of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, is now envisaged as a reservoir of NO to be activated in response to oxygen (O(2)) depletion. In the first part of this review, we summarize and compare the mechanisms of nitrite-dependent production of NO in selected bacteria and in eukaryotes. Bacterial nitrite reductases, which are copper or heme-containing enzymes, play an important role in the adaptation of pathogens to O(2) limitation and enable microrganisms to survive in the human body. In mammals, reduction of nitrite to NO under hypoxic conditions is carried out in tissues and blood by an array of metalloproteins, including heme-containing proteins and molybdenum enzymes. In humans, tissues play a more important role in nitrite reduction, not only because most tissues produce more NO than blood, but also because deoxyhemoglobin efficiently scavenges NO in blood. In the second part of the review, we outline the significance of nitrite in human health and disease and describe the recent advances and pitfalls of nitrite-based therapy, with special attention to its application in cardiovascular disorders, inflammation, and anti-bacterial defence. It can be concluded that nitrite (as well as nitrate-rich diet for long-term applications) may hold promise as therapeutic agent in vascular dysfunction and ischemic injury, as well as an effective compound able to promote angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Castiglione
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests a higher consumption of vegetables confers a protective effect against the risk of cardiovascular disease. Impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), which is a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis, in the vasculature is thought to be a major problem in cardiovascular disease. Classically, vascular endothelium is suggested to be the sole source of bioactive NO in the vasculature. Emerging literature, however, associates the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, in which endogenous nitrate undergoes reduction to nitrite and then to NO in various tissues, including blood, with the production of bioactive NO. Indeed, NO generated from the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway has recently been associated with the maintenance of NO homeostasis in the body. Endogenous nitrate originates mostly from NO oxidation in the biological milieu and from exposure to dietary nitrate. Consumption of vegetables accounts for approximately 80-85% of daily nitrate exposure in humans, thereby establishing inorganic nitrate as a promising factor in the cardiovascular health benefits of vegetables. At this point in time, however, the benefit : hazard ratio of inorganic nitrate and its active metabolite nitrite remains less clear and must be studied in prospective controlled studies. This brief review discusses the potential role of inorganic dietary nitrate in the cardiovascular health benefits of vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Machha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, 10811 International Drive, Rancho Cordova, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kingcha Y, Tosukhowong A, Zendo T, Roytrakul S, Luxananil P, Chareonpornsook K, Valyasevi R, Sonomoto K, Visessanguan W. Anti-listeria activity of Pediococcus pentosaceus BCC 3772 and application as starter culture for Nham, a traditional fermented pork sausage. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
41
|
Hord NG, Ghannam JS, Garg HK, Berens PD, Bryan NS. Nitrate and nitrite content of human, formula, bovine, and soy milks: implications for dietary nitrite and nitrate recommendations. Breastfeed Med 2011; 6:393-9. [PMID: 20958096 PMCID: PMC3228598 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2010.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimation of nitrate and nitrite concentrations of milk sources may provide insight into potential health risks and benefits of these food sources for infants, children, and adults. The World Health Organization and American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive consumption of human milk for the first 6 months of life. Human milk is known to confer significant nutritional and immunological benefits for the infant. Consumption of formula, cow's, and soy milk may be used as alternatives to human milk for infants. METHODS We sought to estimate potential exposure to nitrate and nitrite in human, formula, bovine, and soy milk to inform total dietary exposure estimates and recommendations. Using sensitive quantitative methodologies, nitrite and nitrate were analyzed in different samples of milk. RESULTS Human milk concentrations of colostrum (expressed days 1-3 postpartum; n=12), transition milk (expressed days 3-7 postpartum; n=17), and mature milk (expressed >7 days postpartum; n=50) were 0.08 mg/100 mL nitrite and 0.19 mg/100 mL nitrate, 0.001 mg/100 mL nitrite and 0.52 mg/100 mL nitrate, and 0.001 mg/100 mL nitrite and 0.3 mg/100 mL nitrate, respectively, revealing that the absolute amounts of these anions change as the composition of milk changes. When expressed as a percentage of the World Health Organization's Acceptable Daily Intake limits, Silk® Soy Vanilla (WhiteWave Foods, Broomfield, CO) intake could result in high nitrate intakes (104% of this standard), while intake of Bright Beginnings Soy Pediatric® formula (PBM Nutritionals, Georgia, VT) could result in the highest nitrite intakes (383% of this standard). CONCLUSIONS The temporal relationship between the provision of nitrite in human milk and the development of commensal microbiota capable of reducing dietary nitrate to nitrite supports a hypothesis that humans are adapted to provide nitrite to the gastrointestinal tract from birth. These data support the hypothesis that the high concentrations of breastmilk nitrite and nitrate are evidence for a physiologic requirement to support gastrointestinal and immune homeostasis in the neonate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman G. Hord
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Janine S. Ghannam
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Harsha K. Garg
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Pamela D. Berens
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nathan S. Bryan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Machha A, Schechter AN. Dietary nitrite and nitrate: a review of potential mechanisms of cardiovascular benefits. Eur J Nutr 2011; 50:293-303. [PMID: 21626413 PMCID: PMC3489477 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the last decade, a growing scientific and medical interest has emerged toward cardiovascular effects of dietary nitrite and nitrate; however, many questions concerning their mode of action(s) remain unanswered. In this review, we focus on multiple mechanisms that might account for potential cardiovascular beneficial effects of dietary nitrite and nitrate. RESULTS Beneficial changes to cardiovascular health from dietary nitrite and nitrate might result from several mechanism(s) including their reduction into nitric oxide, improvement in endothelial function, vascular relaxation, and/or inhibition of the platelet aggregation. From recently obtained evidence, it appears that the longstanding concerns about the toxicity of oral nitrite or nitrate are overstated. CONCLUSION Dietary nitrite and nitrate may have cardiovascular protective effects in both healthy individuals and also those with cardiovascular disease conditions. A role for nitrite and nitrate in nitric oxide biosynthesis and/or in improving nitric oxide bioavailability may eventually provide a rationale for using dietary nitrite and nitrate supplementation in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Machha
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, Room 9N314B, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan N. Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, Room 9N314B, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Larsson K, Darnerud P, Ilbäck NG, Merino L. Estimated dietary intake of nitrite and nitrate in Swedish children. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:659-66. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.555842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
45
|
Xing X, Gao BY, Zhong QQ, Yue QY, Li Q. Sorption of nitrate onto amine-crosslinked wheat straw: characteristics, column sorption and desorption properties. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:206-211. [PMID: 21112141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate removal process was evaluated using a fixed-bed column packed with amine-crosslinked wheat straw (AC-WS). Column sorption and desorption characteristics of nitrate were studied extensively. Solid-state (13)C NMR and zeta potential analysis validated the existence of crosslinked amine groups in AC-WS. Raman shift of the nitrate peaks suggested the electrostatic attraction between the adsorbed ions and positively charged amine sites. The column sorption capacity (q(ed)) of the AC-WS for nitrate was 87.27 mg g(-1) in comparison with the raw WS of 0.57 mg g(-1). Nitrate sorption in column was affected by bed height, influent nitrate concentration, flow rate and pH, and of all these, influent pH demonstrated an essential effect on the performance of the column. In addition, desorption and dynamic elution tests were repeated for several cycles, with high desorption rate and slight losses in its initial column sorption capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Recycling (Shandong), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jastrzębska A. Application of capillary isotachophoretic method to the determination of nitrate and nitrite ions in meat products. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
47
|
Tamme T, Reinik M, Püssa T, Roasto M, Meremäe K, Kiis A. Dynamics of nitrate and nitrite content during storage of home-made and small-scale industrially produced raw vegetable juices and their dietary intake. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:487-95. [PMID: 20127545 DOI: 10.1080/19440040903439796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The influence of storage conditions on nitrate and nitrite contents, pH, and total viable bacterial count of raw vegetable juices was studied. Three different types of juices from an Estonian small-scale producer and five different types of home-made juices were analysed. Analyses were performed immediately after opening the commercial juice packages and immediately after preparation of a home-made juice. Additionally, samples were taken after open storage of a juice at the refrigerator and ambient temperatures during 24 and 48 h. The biggest changes in nitrate and nitrite contents were found during storage of carrot, beetroot and radish juices. During 48 h of storage at ambient temperature, the mean increases of nitrite content in home-made carrot, beetroot and radish juices were from 0.1 to 187, from 2.1 to 578, and from 0.5 to 259 mg l(-1), respectively. In the case of commercial lightly pasteurized products, the biggest increase of nitrite content, from 3.2 to 11 mg l(-1), was found in red beetroot juice. After 48 h of storage at refrigerator temperature, the changes of nitrite and nitrate were smaller. In the case of consumption of 300 ml of home-made carrot juice, with a nitrate and nitrite content of 64 and 110 mg l(-1), respectively, stored for 24 h at ambient temperature, the average intake was 8% and 846% of the acceptable daily intake of nitrates and nitrites, respectively. After consumption of 50 ml of the same carrot juice by children (1-2 years of age) the average intake of nitrates and nitrites was 7% and 733% of the acceptable daily intake, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tamme
- Department of Food Science and Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 58A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Correia M, Barroso Â, Barroso MF, Soares D, Oliveira M, Delerue-Matos C. Contribution of different vegetable types to exogenous nitrate and nitrite exposure. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
49
|
Pardo-Marín O, Yusà-Pelechà V, Villalba-Martín P, Perez-Dasí JA. Monitoring programme on nitrates in vegetables and vegetable-based baby foods marketed in the Region of Valencia, Spain: levels and estimated daily intake. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:478-86. [PMID: 20234964 DOI: 10.1080/19440040903439804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the current levels of nitrates in vegetables and vegetable-based baby foods (a total of 1150 samples) marketed in the Region of Valencia, Spain, over the period 2000-2008, and to estimate the toxicological risk associated with their intake. Average (median) levels of nitrate in lettuce, iceberg-type lettuce and spinach (1156, 798 and 1410 mg kg(-1) w/w, respectively) were lower than the maximum limits established by European Union legislation. Thirteen fresh spinach samples exceeded the regulatory limits. Median nitrate values in other vegetables for which a maximum limit has not been fixed by the European Commission were 196, 203, 1597, 96, 4474 and 2572 mg kg(-1) w/w (for potato, carrot, chard, artichoke, rucola and lamb's lettuce, respectively). The estimated nitrate daily intakes through vegetables consumption for adult, extreme consumers and children were found to be about 29%, 79.8% and 15.1%, respectively, of the acceptable daily intake (3.7 mg kg(-1)). The levels (median = 60.4 mg kg(-1) w/w) found in vegetable-based baby foods were, in all cases, lower the maximum level proposed by European Union legislation. The estimated nitrate daily intake through baby foods for infants between 0-1 and 1-2 years of age were 13% and 18%, respectively, of the acceptable daily intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Pardo-Marín
- Conselleria de Sanitat, Food Safety Area, Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Public Health Research Center (CSISP), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hsu J, Arcot J, Alice Lee N. Nitrate and nitrite quantification from cured meat and vegetables and their estimated dietary intake in Australians. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|